OTC 15396
18-3/4 in. FullBore Wellhead System
Marc Minassian, ABB Vetco Gray
Copyright 2003, Offshore Technology Conference
This paper was prepared for presentation at the 2003 Offshore Technology Conference held in
Houston, Texas, U.S.A., 5–8 May 2003.
This paper was selected for presentation by an OTC Program Committee following review of
information contained in an abstract submitted by the author(s). Contents of the paper, as
presented, have not been reviewed by the Offshore Technology Conference and are subject to
correction by the author(s). The material, as presented, does not necessarily reflect any
position of the Offshore Technology Conference or its officers. Electronic reproduction,
distribution, or storage of any part of this paper for commercial purposes without the written
consent of the Offshore Technology Conference is prohibited. Permission to reproduce in print
is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words; illustrations may not be copied. The
abstract must contain conspicuous acknowledgment of where and by whom the paper was
presented.
Abstract
This paper describes the development of full-bore wellheads, a
new 18-3/4 in. 15,000 psi W.P. system, from conception to
field installation. The wellhead when installed has a full-bore
diameter without a casing hanger landing shoulder to allow
one more casing string to be run below the mudline under
BOP control due to this major wellhead innovation.
Introduction
Today wells are being drilled in deeper and deeper water
which associates to higher costs. More economical risk is
taken to drill wells in deeper water and reaching the ‘payzone’
with a sufficient size production string to produce from is
more important than ever before. In addition to deeper water,
there is a need to find ways to drill in more difficult
formations some of which include various shallow zone
hazards1.
As a result of these concerns, there has been a demand to
find ways to ensure that the operators can reach the planned
hole depth and/or size required to produce from. Unforeseen
hole problems that may have not been expected may hinder
reaching the depth requirements. By providing one more
casing string than a conventional 18-3/4 in. wellhead system, a
better opportunity to reach the desired hole depth and size can
be achieved.
To help solve these problems a new 18-3/4 in. wellhead
system with a 36 in. conductor string was designed and
implemented. A 36 in. x 18-3/4 in. wellhead system consists
of the following casing program:
Conventional:
36 in. x 28 in./26 in. x 20 in. x 16 in. x 13-3/8 in. x 9-5/8
in. x 7 in.
Full-bore:
36 in. x 28 in./26 in. x 22 in. x 18 in. x 16 in. x 13-3/8 in. x
9-5/8 in. x 7 in.
The new system adds the 18 in. string which is run under
BOP control, and the 20 in. becomes 22 in. hanging from the
high pressure housing as shown in Figure A. The 36 in. string
is jetted or cemented in place using conventional methods.
The 18-3/4 in. high pressure housing is run with 22 in. casing
suspended from the bottom and landed in the 36 in. housing
and cemented in place. The 18 in. string is landed in the 22 in.
string below the mudline in its respective sub. The 16 in.
string is run like the 18 in. string, but it will land in an
independent sub in the 22 in. string above the 18 in. string and
below the high pressure housing. The load shoulder is then set
in the high pressure housing, and 13-3/8 in., 9-5/8 in. and 7 in.
casing can be run and set, respectively, with each subsequent
casing string landing on top of the other.
The new system provides one more casing string to the
above conventional program, but with reduced radial
clearances between several of the strings. Furthermore, due to
the tight clearances, drives the requirement for high clearance
or flush joint connections. This additional string of casing
helps operators utilize existing rig equipment sizes and
capabilities1.
Specifications
The specifications for the wellhead system are the following:
ƒ 18-3/4 in. - 15,000 psi rated working pressure
ƒ Compliance with industry specifications: API 17D and
NACE MR-0175
ƒ Temperature range of 35 Deg. F to 250 Deg. F
ƒ Weight set operation
ƒ Single trip installation of hanger and seal assembly
with metal sealing
ƒ Minimization of the number of trips and tools
ƒ 18.630 in. nominal through bore of high pressure
housing prior to setting load shoulder
ƒ Load carrying capacity of 6.2 million lbs
ƒ 1 million lbs per hanger (13-3/8 in., 9-5/8 in. and
7 in.)
(7 in. hanger does not transfer significant load to
the load shoulder)
ƒ 4.1 million lbs end-load due to 15,000 psi full
bore test.
Design
Subsea Wellhead Housing
The primary design feature of this new wellhead system is the
high pressure housing. In a conventional 18-3/4 in. subsea
wellhead there is a load shoulder, which reduces the bore to an
approximately 17-9/16 in. diameter that allows a casing
2 OTC 15396
hanger to be run and set on at any time in the drilling program
and allows for a 17-1/2 in. bit to pass through. In this new
wellhead system, the high pressure housing has an 18-5/8 in.
in diameter, or full-bore, throughout the entire length. This is
what coins the term ‘FullBore’.
The load shoulder in the FullBore Wellhead System is a
mechanism that consists of a c-ring, load shoulder retainer,
shear pins, and anti-rotation ring prepacked in the housing
prior to shipping offshore, as shown in Figures B-1 thru B-5.
When it is time to create the load shoulder the c-ring is shifted
down into its set position as shown in Figure B-3 with a load
shoulder actuation tool (LSAT). After the load shoulder is set,
the ID of the wellhead housing is approximately 17-9/16 in. in
diameter, like a conventional subsea wellhead.
Load Shoulder Actuation Tool
The load shoulder is set with a running tool that actuates
the load shoulder subsea with weight, as shown in Figure C-1.
It runs down the hole on drill pipe, locates four (4) slots in the
housing, weight is applied down to set the load ring and a
pressure test is performed to verify the tool has energized the
load ring and/or perform BOP isolation tests. The tool
consists of 3 primary systems, the detent system, the load
shoulder setting system, and the test verification system.
The detent system, as shown in Figures C-2 and C-3, gives
feedback to the rig floor that the four (4) dogs in the tool have
engaged in the four (4) slots in the wellhead. The detent
system consists of four (4) lever pins, an actuator ring, four (4)
levers, and four (4) dogs. When the tool stem is rotated to the
right or left the dogs rub on the inside bore of the housing until
they line up with the slots in the housing. At this time, the
stem is locked to the tool. When the dogs line up with the
slots, the dogs move outwards by the force that is transferred
from the weight on the stem. This outward movement occurs,
because the weight on the stem transfers into the actuator ring,
to the lever pins, to the levers which are hinged, and finally
into the dogs. When the levers swing out, the actuator ring
expands, and the stem drops approximately two (2) feet
releasing from the tool. This drop gives the rig feedback that
the dogs are now oriented with the slots.
The load shoulder setting system, as shown in Figures C-4
thru C-6, is a series of parts in the tool starting from the stem
down to the dogs that utilize weight to release the load
shoulder from its prepacked position and push the shoulder
down into its final setting position. By maintaining sufficient
weight down on the stem, the lower body of the tool begins to
stroke and the dogs make contact with the load shoulder,
breaks the shear pins, collapses the load shoulder by sliding it
down the load shoulder retainer, and then drives it down until
it comes to a stop. At this point, the load shoulder is also
locked down with a detent mechanism by the load shoulder
retainer.
The test verification system, is a two (2) part system, as
shown in Figure C-7. First, it gives the rig feedback that the
tool has fully stroked. Prior to fully stroking, pumping down
the annulus will circulate fluids back up the drill pipe and vice
versa if pumping down the drill pipe. When the tool fully
strokes, the bulk seal at the top of the tool becomes energized
with weight down on the stem. At this point, the BOP is
closed and pressure is applied using the choke or kill line up to
15,000 psi. The lead impression pins in the tool at the load
shoulder are fully impressed which will be verified after
retrieving the tool. Second, the pressure test, which isolates
the wellhead from the equipment above, will also allow the
operator to test rig equipment at this time if desired up to
15,000 psi.
Casing Hangers
With the addition of the new wellhead system, three (3)
new casing hangers have been introduced. First, the 18 in.
hanger, which is the key string to the wellhead program.
Second, is the 16 in. hanger, which is not a new size hanger,
but it is unique to this wellhead program since it has to work
in relation to the 18 in. Third, the 9-5/8 in. or 2nd position
hanger in the wellhead is unique in the fact that the hanger
does not have wickers. This allows more deflection in the
system while maintaining sealability up to 15,000 psi and not
sacrificing lockdown capabilities. Design considerations of
the 9-5/8 in. hanger geometry and how the annulus seal work
are beyond the scope of this paper2.
18” Casing Hanger System
This hanger and landing sub with the running and retrieval
tool is one of the key components of this system. Figure D-1
shows what it looks like in its operational condition. The 18
in. string allows operators to run casing with a 21 in. drilling
riser and an 18-3/4 in. BOP stack. The 18 in. hanger is a one
piece passive design with a high strength load shoulder. It
does not have any loose parts. The hanger’s landing sub is a
one piece design as well. It is a machined component with a
high strength load shoulder.
Since the amount of contact between the hanger and the
landing sub is so small, 0.093 in., the high strength rings are
required to provide the bearing capacity that is required to
support the weight and pressure requirements. The small
shoulder is designed to support approximately 500,000 lbs of
weight from casing and 4000 psi of pressure which induces an
additional 1 million lbs on the load shoulder when testing the
annulus seal with its running and retrieval tool. This shoulder
must support approximately 1.5 million lbs of axial load. The
landing sub has a nominal inside diameter of 18.225 in. This
does not leave much clearance between the 18 in. casing and
its sub. To allow for fluid to pass as the pipe is tripped in the
hole, slots have been machined in the sub that go around the
back side of landing ring, as shown in Figure D-1. The flow-
by area while tripping pipe is approximately 12 in2 with 0.2 in.
particle size. Once the hanger has fully landed, the flow-by
area increases to 16 in2 with a 0.7 in. particle size for
cementing operations.
The running and retrieval tool, shown in Figures D-1 thru
D-3, is used to install the hanger and seal in the hole in the
same trip. It can also run the hanger and seal in separate trips.
This tool consists of two (2) basic systems, the camming
system and lead impression system.
The camming system allows the operator to pump down
the drill pipe to function different features of the tool
depending on how many right hand turns are made in the drill
pipe. This can be done because the cam travels up the tool,
with respect to the rest of the tool, using threads interfaced
with the stem. As the cam travels up, ports in the cam open
and close communications with various parts of the tool.
OTC 15396
When four (4) turns are made in the tool, the tool locks to the
hanger, is ready to run down hole and is in the cementing
position. When eight (8) turns are in the stem, communication
is now open between the drill pipe and the seal setting piston,
as shown in Figure D-2. Figure D-3 shows what the seal looks
like in the energized position after the piston is stroked on the
tool. When twelve (12) turns are in the stem, communication
is now closed with the seal setting piston and the tool unlocks
from the hanger to allow releasing from the hanger. The
feature of unlocking and locking to a hanger using a cam is
explained in detail in a previous OTC paper 63913.
The lead impression system, as shown in Figure D-2,
allows the operator to visually look at the tool and determine
exactly where the hanger is located relative to its landing sub.
During the seal setting mode, pressure strokes out the lead
impression piston and it impresses in a machined groove in the
landing sub. The piston is then retracted when the tool is
pressurized from above to test the seal.
In the event that the seal needs to be removed because it
did not hold pressure, it can be removed on a separate trip
using the 18 in. Seal Retrieval Tool. This tool lands off on the
hanger, latches into the seal, de-enenergizes the seal, and pulls
it out of the hole. If another seal is decided to be installed,
then an 18 in. Clean and Flush Tool, would be used to clean
out the pocket between the hanger and the landing sub using
wash ports in the tool. This is a simple tool that lands on the
casing hanger, rotated to the right slowly to agitate any debris
and fluid is pumped down the drill pipe to circulate the debris.
16” Casing Hanger System
This system is similar to the 18 in. system in the fact there
is a hanger and annulus seal as well as its unique running and
retrieval tool. The 16 in. hanger is larger than conventional 16
in. hangers that are used in 18-3/4 in. wellhead systems. Since
the inside diameter of a conventional wellhead is
approximately 17-9/16 in., the outside diameter of the hanger
must be less than this to pass through. However, the full-bore
wellhead system has a full opening of 18.630 in. that allows a
larger hanger to pass through. The hanger requires a larger
outside diameter than a conventional 16 in. hanger to be able
to land off in the 22 in. string since the 16 in. landing sub has
to big enough to allow the 18 in. hanger to pass through.
Since the landing sub has to allow the 18 in. hanger to pass
through, it does not leave much shoulder for the 16 in. hanger
to land on. This leads to a No-Go collet style hanger, as
shown in Figure E-1.
The No-Go collet hanger is a 3-piece design which
consists of a hanger body, No-Go collet and centralizer band,
as shown in Figure E-1. When the hanger is run in the hole
with its running and retrieval tool, the collet tags off on the
landing sub. Next, when sufficient weight has transferred into
the shoulder, the hanger slides down the collet and at the same
time the collet arms swing outwards and catch a larger profile
in the landing sub which will support all the weight and
pressure requirements. The centralizer’s function is to keep
the hanger centered in the 22 in. pipe as much as possible.
This is to prevent the collet from pre-maturely activating while
tripping in the hole. This style of hanger is required because
the small tag shoulder only provides 0.06 in. amount of
contact between the landing sub and the hanger. The large
3
profile supports 750,000 lbs of weight and 6500 psi of
pressure which induces an additional 670,000 lbs on the load
shoulder. The load shoulder must also support approximately
1.5 million lbs of axial load at any one time. To allow fluid to
pass as the pipe is tripped in the hole and to keep pipe surges
to a minimum there are slots on the outside of the hanger and
slots and holes in the running and retrieval tool. The flow-by
area while tripping pipe and during cementing operations is 16
in2 with a 0.7 in. particle size. However, the particle size will
be slightly reduced when the 16 in. casing enters the 18 in.
casing.
The running and retrieval tool, shown in Figures E-2 thru
E-5, is used to install the hanger and seal in the hole in the
same trip. This tool, like the 18 in. running tool, can run the
hanger and seal in separate trips. This tool consists of two (2)
basic systems, the camming system and the dual test pressure
system.
The camming system, is very similar to the 18 in. system.
It allows the operator to pump down the drill pipe to function
different features of the tool. As the stem is rotated to the
right, the cam moves up the stem on threads. During this
upwards travel, the ports on the cam open and close
communication between various parts of the tool. Like the 18
in. tool, communication is opened between the drill pipe and
seal setting piston when there are eight (8) turns in the stem, as
shown in Figure E-2. Another feature of this rising cam is that
the stem does not see a torque build up as the stem is rotated
since it does not move vertically. Like the 18 in. tool, as the
stem is rotated every four (4) turns the tool performs different
operations.
The dual test pressure system gives the ability to test the
seal through the drill pipe or in the annulus. When there are
eight (8) turns in the stem, the BOP is closed and pressure is
applied down the choke or kill line to test the seal. This
applies pressure across a large area, from the inside diameter
of the landing sub where the seal is located, to the outside
diameter of the drill pipe where the pipe rams or annular bag
seals. When testing to higher pressures, up to 6500 psi, testing
down the drill pipe is required. This mode occurs when the
stem has twelve (12) turns in it, as shown in Figure E-4.
Weight is set down on the drill pipe that energizes a bulk seal
and pressure is applied down the drill pipe at the same time.
This traps the pressure between the bulk seal and the annulus
seal. The trapped pressure prevents the tool from applying an
end load effect on the hanger and landing sub, but tests the
seal.
In the event that the seal needs to be removed because it
did not hold pressure, the same procedures would take effect
as it did for the 18 in. system, however, with a unique 16 in.
Seal Retrieval Tool and Clean and Flush Tool.
Operations
Operators have and can use this new full-bore wellhead
system in different ways. Some choose conservative
approaches while others take more aggressive ones to gain trip
savings.
Conservative method of installation:
1) Jet in 36 in. casing.
2) Drill out for 22 in. casing.
4 OTC 15396
3) Run in hole and cement 22 in. casing.
4) Install 18-3/4 in. BOP stack and 21 in. riser.
5) Drill out for 18 in.
6) Remove the nominal seat protector from the high pressure
housing.
7) Remove the nominal seat protector from the 16 in.
landing sub.
8) Run in hole and cement 18 in. casing.
9) Install nominal seat protector in the 16 in. landing sub.
10) Install nominal seat protector in high pressure housing.
11) Drill out for 16 in.
12) Remove the nominal seat protector from the high pressure
housing.
13) Remove the nominal seat protector from the 16 in.
landing sub.
14) Run in hole and cement 16 in. casing.
15) Install nominal seat protector in high pressure housing.
16) Drill out for 13-3/8 in.
17) Remove the nominal seat protector from the high pressure
housing.
18) Set the load shoulder and verify proper installation.
19) Run and set 13-3/8 in. casing.
Since the 18 in. and 16 in. casing hangers will not pass
through the wellhead with the nominal seat protector installed,
it must be pulled prior to running the casing strings. Having to
pull the protector prior to running 18 in. and 16 in. is a
downside to the full-bore system. Since clearances have
become so tight between the 22 in., 18 in. and 16 in. strings,
something had to give to make this system work. In a
conventional wellhead system, 16 in. casing has a smaller
outside diameter which lands in a sub located in the 20 in.
string and can run through the nominal seat protector without
having to retrieve it prior to running casing. As a result of this
downside, a new tool that allows operators to run a bore
protector on the drill string is available to operators who are
willing to take more chances to save trips.
A more aggressive method of installation that allows trip
savings is the following:
1) Jet in 36 in. casing.
2) Drill out for 22 in. casing.
3) Run in hole and cement 22 in. casing.
4) Install 18-3/4 in. BOP stack and 21 in. riser.
5) Drill out for 18 in. with Drill String Installed Wear
Sleeve Assembly and Running and Retrieval Tool.
6) Run in hole and cement 18 in. casing.
7) Drill out for 16 in. with Drill String Installed Wear
Sleeve Assembly and Running and Retrieval Tool.
8) Run in hole and cement 16 in. casing.
9) Install the nominal seat protector in high pressure
housing.
10) Drill out for 13-3/8 in.
11) Remove the nominal seat protector from the high
pressure housing.
12) Set the load shoulder and verify proper installation.
13) Run and set 13-3/8 in. casing.
The (DSI-WS), Drill String Installed Wear Sleeve, allows
an operator to run a wear sleeve in the drill string and not
make additional trips to run and retrieve it (Figure F). The
tool is located above the bottom hole assembly latched to its
running and retrieval tool. When the string is tripped in the
hole, the wear sleeve latches into the high pressure housing,
releases from the running and retrieval tool with right hand
rotation and the drilling string travels down hole to commence
drilling. The sleeve essentially protects the wellhead while
drilling. When the string is coming out of the hole the wear
sleeve latches back onto its tool and is retrieved.
The second method is more aggressive than the first
because the high pressure housing seal profiles and 16 in. seal
profile are exposed to the bottom hole assembly and bit when
passing through. Furthermore, the 16 in. sealing profile is also
exposed while drilling. Some operators are willing to take this
risk to save trips. In the case that the 16 in. seal does not hold
pressure, cement is one option to make the seal.
For those operators who choose the more aggressive plan,
six (6) trips are eliminated as compared to the conservative
plan. If the 16 in. protector is used then only three (3) trips
will be saved relative to the conservative plan. The protector
has to be pulled prior to running 18 in. and 16 in. casing.
Pre-development and Final Qualification Program
Early in the program, a stacked wellhead system was designed
and built to add one more casing string to a conventional
wellhead. The 18 in. casing string was located in its landing
sub in the 22 in. The 16 in. string was landed and located on
top of the 18 in. hanger. The 16 in. sitting on top of the 18 in.
coined the term ‘stacked system’. This system allowed for
100% passive hangers on both. Furthermore, if the 18 in.
string did not need to be run, the 16 in. hanger could land in
the same sub the 18 in. lands on. However, this system did
have a serious downside. If the 18 in. hanger did not make it
all the way down in the proper location, the 16 in. hanger
would also sit high. This could have created sealing problems.
As a result of this deficiency, the split full-bore system was
created. The 18 in. and 16 in. hangers were separated and
could be run as far apart and as close as desired within reason.
The split system went through vigorous testing in the
laboratory.
The load shoulder was load tested to 6.2 million lbs. The
load was simulated by apply 22,500 psi on a test plug across
an 18.630 diameter. The load shoulder showed negligible
brinelling after testing.
The 18 in. and 16 in. hanger systems which include
hangers, seals and running and retrieval tools were fully tested
in their respective landing subs. The subs were welded in a
piece of 22 in. of pipe with test apparatuses to cross over to a
hydraulic ram underneath and above to push and pull the
running and retrieval tool to simulate offshore operations to
function the tool.
Field Installation Status
In early part of 2001, this new wellhead was installed for the
first time in the Gulf of Mexico. The new high pressure
wellhead housing with the full-bore opening along with the 18
in. and 16 in. were successfully installed. Since that time five
(5) more systems have been run and set with 100% success
through the year 2002. In 2003, six (6) to ten (10) more
systems are planned for installation. The numbers show that
OTC 15396 5

there seems to be an increasing demand for this type of

system.

Conclusions
This new full-bore wellhead system gives operators the
advantage of running one more casing string through a high
pressure housing under BOP control. Being to able to drill
one more hole section with mud that returns to the surface
through the 21 in. riser, lets operators work through the
difficult surface shall zone hazards.
It allows operators to use existing rig equipment and
capabilities. Rig space is saved because only one riser and
one BOP stack need to be used to drill the entire wellhead
program and still have one more large casing string.
The new system provides the opportunity to drill deeper
and reach the required zone and/or complete the drilling
program with a larger size hole.
However, this new system is more difficult to run than a
conventional system, due to the tighter clearances between
strings. Hence, pipe has to be run slower to reduce surge
pressures and flush or near flush joint connections need to be
used on 18 in. and 16 in. casing.
In general, when one more casing string is needed to
complete the drilling program or to be able to have one more
string “in your back pocket” for those just in case or
unanticipated situations, the full-bore system is the wellhead
that can do that.

References
1) Barker, J. W.: “Wellbore Design with Reduced Clearance
Between Casing Strings,” SPE/IADC 37615.
2) Milberger, L.J. and Boehm, C.F., “High Performance Metal-Seal
System for Subsea Wellhead Equipment,” OTC Paper 6085,
1989.
3) Danner, B.L. and Henderson, H.O., “Development of an
Advanced Subsea Wellhead System Incorporating All Metal-to-
Metal Sealing,” OTC Paper 6391, 1990.
6 OTC 15396

16 in. 18 in.
Packoff Packoff

16 in. 18 in.
22 in.
Casing Hanger Hanger

16 in.
Landing Sub

18 in.
Landing Sub

Figure A
22 in. Casing Hanging from High Pressure
Housing with 16 in and 18 in Landing Sub
located in the 22 in. casing
OTC 15396 7

Remotely Activated
Load Shoulder Positive Lock

Mechanical
Retainer

Support Ring

Lock Ring

Figure B-2 Figure B-3

Load Shoulder Mechanism shown Pre- Load Shoulder Mechanism shown
packed in wellhead to allow full opening energized and ready to run 13-3/8 in casing

Figure B-1
18-3/4 in. Full-bore High Pressure Housing
with 18-5/8 in. ID

Load Shoulder

Figure B-4 Figure B-5

Looking down the high pressure housing Looking up the high pressure housing to
to the load shoulder the load shoulder
8 OTC 15396

Actuator Ring
Lever Pin

Stem
Lower Body

Lever

Dog

Figure C-2:
Detent System prior to finding slots

Wellhead
Slot

Landed in Housing Locating Slots in High

Pressure Housing

Figure C-1
Load Shoulder Actuation Tool (LSAT) in
High Pressure Housing
Figure C-3:
Detent System after finding slots
OTC 15396 9

Shear Pin
Load Shoulder

Bulk Seal

Load Shoulder
Retainer

Figure C-5:
Dogs Landed on
Load Ring

Dog

Shear Pin

Figure C-6:
Load Ring is Set

Lead Pin

Figure C-7:
Lead Impression
pins are
impressed

Figure C-4:
Load Shoulder Actuation Tool (LSAT) load
shoulder setting and function test
verification systems
 10 OTC 15396

Cam
Landing Sub Flow-by Slots
Casing Hanger

Dogs Engaged Piston

in Hanger

Load Shoulder Seal

Figure D-1:
18 in. Casing Hanger set on landing sub
with its Running and Retrieval Tool

Lead Impression
System
Figure D-3:
18 in. Seal is set when piston
stroked

Stem

Communication Access

Figure D-2:
Drill pipe is communicating with piston to be
able to set seal and Lead Impression System
 OTC 15396 11

Cam

Stem

Casing Hanger
Body

Communication
Access

Dogs engaged
in Hanger

Piston
No-Go Collet

Figure E-2:
Drill pipe is communicating with piston to
be able to set seal
Landing Sub

Tag Shoulder

Piston
Centralizer
Band

Seal in set
position

Figure E-1:
16 in. Casing Hanger set on landing sub
with its running and retrieval tool

Figure E-3:
16 in. seal is set when piston stroked
12 OTC 15396

Communication
Access to Seal

Running and
Retrieval Tool

Bulk Seal

Wear Sleeve

Figure E-4:
Cam has moved up to open
communication to test seal through drill
pipe with twelve turns in stem

Landed in High
Pressure Housing Tool releasing from
Wear Sleeve

Figure F:
Drill String Installed Wear Sleeve with
Running Tool