Professional Documents
Culture Documents
4
www.safalniveshak.com
IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS
1. Ensure that the company whose data you are downloading has numbers at least starting from FY08 (March 2008). This is be
from, say, FY10, you will see incorrect data for FY08 and FY09 (which will be of Hero Motocorp on whose financials I have crea
2. All financial data of your chosen company will be automatically updated in the sheet you download, except "Cash and Bank"
which you must update manually from the company's annual reports. Don’t forget to make these changes as these numbers are
3. You may update the sheet and add your own analysis, formulae etc. and then upload again to Screener.in site using the Ste
Sheet" because this will cause errors in your future downloads.
4. DON’T touch any cell except the black ones, where you are required to update the numbers manually from Annual Reports (
growth assumptions etc.
4. I have added Comments and Instructions wherever necessary so as to explain the concepts. Read those carefully before wo
5. This sheet is not a replacement of the work required to read annual reports as part of the analysis process. So please do tha
some discrepancy in numbers (though rare), but you will know this only when you read annual reports.
6. I could not find a bug/errors in this spreadsheet, but if you notice some, please email me at - vishal@safalniveshak.com - and
7. I will keep on updating the sheet from time to time and will update the same on the website. I invite you to share your feedba
together.
8. This excel won't work for banking and financial services companies.
Please! It's your money. Please don't blame me if results of this excel
cause you to lose it all! I've designed this excel to aid your own thinking,
but you alone are responsible for your actions. I want to live peacefully
ever after! I am not a sadist who wants you to do the hard work by
analyzing companies on your own. But I'd rather give you a compass
instead of a map, for you can confuse map with territory and lose it all. All
the best!
Buffett Checklist - Read, Remember, Follow!
Source - Buffettology by Mary Buffett & David Clark
Parameter
Conclusion
Never Forget
Buffett Checklist - Read, Remember, Follow!
Source - Buffettology by Mary Buffett & David Clark
Explanation
Seek out companies that have no or less competition, either due to a patent or brand name or similar intangible that
makes the product unique. Such companies will typically have high gross and operating profit margins because of their
unique niche. However, don't just go on margins as high margins may simply highlight companies within industries with
traditionally high margins. Thus, look for companies with gross, operating and net profit margins above industry norms.
Also look for strong growth in earnings and high return on equity in the past.
Try to invest in industries where you possess some specialized knowledge (where you work) or can more effectively
judge a company, its industry, and its competitive environment (simple products you consume). While it is difficult to
construct a quantitative filter, you should be able to identify areas of interest. You should "only" consider analyzing
those companies that operate in areas that you can clearly grasp - your circle of competence. Of course you can
increase the size of the circle, but only over time by learning about new industries. More important than the size of the
circle is to know its boundaries.
Seeks out companies with conservative financing, which equates to a simple, safe balance sheet. Such companies tend
to have strong cash flows, with little need for long-term debt. Look for low debt to equity or low debt-burden ratios. Also
seek companies that have history of consistently generating positive free cash flows.
Rising earnings serve as a good catalyst for stock prices. So seek companies with strong, consistent, and expanding
earnings (profits). Seek companies with 5/10 year earnings per share growth greater than 25% (along with safe balance
sheets). To help indicate that earnings growth is still strong, look for companies where the last 3-years earnings growth
rate is higher than the last 10-years growth rate. More important than the rate of growth is the consistency in such
growth. So exclude companies with volatile earnings growth in the past, even if the "average" growth has been high.
Like you should stock to your circle of competence, a company should invest its capital only in those businesses within
its circle of competence. This is a difficult factor to screen for on a quantitative level. Before investing in a company, look
at the company’s past pattern of acquisitions and new directions. They should fit within the primary range of operations
for the firm. Be cautious of companies that have been very aggressive in acquisitions in the past.
Buffett prefers that firms reinvest their earnings within the company, provided that profitable opportunities exist. When
companies have excess cash flow, Buffett favours shareholder-enhancing maneuvers such as share buybacks. While
we do not screen for this factor, a follow-up examination of a company would reveal if it has a share buyback plan in
place.
Seek companies where earnings have risen as retained earnings (earnings after paying dividends) have been
employed profitably. A great way to screen for such companies is by looking at those that have had consistent earnings
and strong return on equity in the past.
Consider it a positive sign when a company is able to earn above-average (better than competitors) returns on equity
without employing much debt. Average return on equity for Indian companies over the last 10 years is approximately
16%. Thus, seek companies that earn at least this much (16%) or more than this. Again, consistency is the key here.
That's what is called "pricing power". Companies with moat (as seen from other screening metrics as suggested above
(like high ROE, high grow margins, low debt etc.) are able to adjust prices to inflation without the risk of losing significant
volume sales.
Companies that consistently need capital to grow their sales and profits are like bank savings account, and thus bad for
an investor's long term portfolio. Seek companies that don't need high capital investments consistently. Retained
earnings must first go toward maintaining current operations at competitive levels, so the lower the amount needed to
maintain current operations, the better. Here, more than just an absolute assessment, a comparison against
competitors will help a lot. Seek companies that consistently generate positive and rising free cash flows.
Sensible investing is always about using “folly and discipline” - the discipline to identify excellent businesses, and wait
for the folly of the market to drive down the value of these businesses to attractive levels. You will have little trouble
understanding this philosophy. However, its successful implementation is dependent upon your dedication to learn and
follow the principles, and apply them to pick stocks successfully.
Net Block 188 203 173 143 137 152 156 158 158 185
Capital Work in Progress 0 1 0 2 3 0 6 19 24 1
Investments 1,151 1,070 1,092 1,295 1,114 1,198 1,322 1,066 1,256 1,205
Other Assets 536 513 478 387 607 519 482 832 1,296 1,112
Total 1,875 1,787 1,743 1,827 1,862 1,869 1,966 2,075 2,735 2,503
Debtor Days 33 5 10 17 7 4 9 7 6 8
Inventory Turnover - - - - - - - - - -
Fixed Asset Turnover 2.9 2.6 2.0 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.9 2.4 2.1
Debt/Equity - - - - - - - - - -
Return on Equity 29% 26% 13% 10% 9% 9% 8% 12% 17% 16%
Return on Capital Employed 40% 35% 18% 14% 13% 13% 11% 12% 20% 19%
Profit & Loss Account / Income Statement
MULTI COMMODITY EXCHANGE OF INDIA LTD
Rs Cr Mar-12 Mar-13 Mar-14 Mar-15 Mar-16 Mar-17 Mar-18 Mar-19 Mar-20 Mar-21 Trailing
Sales 545 524 341 222 235 259 260 300 374 391 405
% Growth YOY -4% -35% -35% 6% 10% 0% 15% 25% 4%
Expenses 208 209 195 135 165 180 188 218 219 205 210
Material Cost (% of Sales) 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Check for wide fluctuations in key
Power and Fuel 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% expense items. For manufacturing firms,
Other Mfr. Exp 15% 2% 2% 3% 4% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% check their material costs etc. For
Employee Cost 5% 6% 9% 16% 18% 25% 27% 25% 21% 19% services firms, look at employee costs.
Selling and Admin Cost 13% 29% 38% 41% 41% 39% 40% 38% 31% 0%
Operating Profit 337 315 146 88 70 80 72 82 155 185 195
Operating Profit Margin 62% 60% 43% 39% 30% 31% 28% 27% 41% 47% 48%
Other Income 86 121 100 110 117 117 92 87 129 104 76
Other Income as % of Sales 15.8% 23.1% 29.3% 49.5% 49.8% 45.1% 35.4% 29.1% 34.5% 26.6% 18.6%
Depreciation 27 31 34 26 25 19 17 15 18 22 24
Interest - 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Interest Coverage(Times) #DIV/0! 13,522 199 125 540 890 3,681 15,370 1,660 954 1,122
Profit before tax (PBT) 396 406 210 170 162 178 147 154 265 267 247
% Growth YOY 2% -48% -19% -5% 10% -17% 4% 73% 1%
PBT Margin 73% 77% 62% 77% 69% 69% 57% 51% 71% 68% 61%
Tax 110 107 57 45 47 51 39 7 29 42 38
Net profit 287 299 153 125 115 127 108 146 237 225 209
% Growth YOY 4% -49% -18% -9% 10% -14% 35% 62% -5%
Net Profit Margin 53% 57% 45% 56% 49% 49% 42% 49% 63% 58% 51%
EPS 56.2 58.7 30.0 24.6 22.5 24.8 21.2 28.7 46.4 44.2 40.9
% Growth YOY 4% -49% -18% -9% 10% -14% 35% 62% -5%
Price to earning 22.6 14.2 16.5 45.6 37.2 48.5 31.4 28.1 24.2 34.3 40.2
Price 1,270 831 494 1,122 837 1,205 667 807 1,124 1,513 1,644
Dividend Payout 42.5% 40.9% 33.3% 40.6% 28.9% 60.4% 80.0% 69.7% 64.7% 62.7%
Market Cap 6,478 4,236 2,520 5,724 4,267 6,146 3,403 4,114 5,734 7,716
Retained Earnings 165 177 102 75 81 50 22 44 84 84
Buffett's $1 Test 1.4
Check for long term vs short term trends here. Check if the growth over
past 3 or 5 years has slowed down / improved compared to long term (7 to
10 years) growth numbers.
Cash Flow Statement
MULTI COMMODITY EXCHANGE OF INDIA LTD
Rs Cr Mar-12 Mar-13 Mar-14 Mar-15 Mar-16 Mar-17 Mar-18 Mar-19 Mar-20 Mar-21 Total
Cash from Operating Activity (CFO) 355 53 38 70 78 -32 99 258 449 -184 1,184
% Growth YoY -85% -27% 81% 11% -141% -410% 160% 74% -141%
Cash from Investing Activity -297 145 53 -68 -30 55 36 -93 -27 -39 -266
Cash from Financing Activity -30 -213 -113 -19 -61 -40 -92 -105 -123 -154 -951
Net Cash Flow 28 -16 -22 -18 -14 -17 43 61 299 -377 -33
CFO/Sales 65% 10% 11% 31% 33% -12% 38% 86% 120% -47%
CFO/Net Profit 124% 18% 25% 56% 68% -25% 92% 177% 190% -82%
Capex** 315 212 364 565 607 937 1,156 1,638 1,238 824
FCF 40 -159 -326 -495 -529 -969 -1,057 -1,380 -789 -1,009 -6,672
Average FCF (3 Years) -1,059
FCF Growth YoY -496% 105% 52% 7% 83% 9% 31% -43% 28%
FCF/Sales 7% -30% -96% -223% -225% -374% -407% -460% -211% -258%
FCF/Net Profit 14% -53% -213% -394% -462% -766% -975% -944% -334% -448%
Operating Margin 61.9% 60.2% 42.8% 39.4% 29.6% 30.7% 27.7% 27.3% 41.3%
PBT Margin 72.7% 77.4% 61.6% 76.6% 68.8% 68.5% 56.6% 51.2% 70.9%
Net Margin 52.6% 57.1% 44.9% 56.4% 48.8% 48.8% 41.7% 48.7% 63.2%
Debtor Days 33.0 4.8 9.6 17.5 6.5 4.0 8.9 7.3 6.3
Inventory Turnover - - - - - - - - -
Fixed Asset Turnover 2.9 2.6 2.0 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.9 2.4
Debt/Equity - - - - - - - - -
Debt/Assets 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Interest Coverage (Times) #DIV/0! ### 199.1 125.4 539.9 889.8 ### ### ###
Return on Equity 28.7% 25.9% 13.4% 10.4% 8.9% 9.3% 7.8% 11.7% 17.4%
Return on Capital Employed 39.7% 35.1% 18.4% 14.3% 12.5% 13.1% 10.7% 12.3% 19.5%
Free Cash Flow (Rs Cr) 40 -159 -326 -495 -529 -969 -1,057 -1,380 -789
Mar/21
4.4%
0.5%
-4.8%
-7.7%
###
27.9%
47.4%
68.3%
57.7%
8.4
-
2.1
-
0.0%
953.7
15.9%
18.8%
-1,009
What to look for?
Higher is better, but also look for long term stability and consistency
Higher is better, but also look for long term stability and consistency
Higher is better, but also look for long term stability and consistency
Higher isn't always better, esp. when the company is generating high ROE, which means the management is allocating capital
Higher is better, but also look for long term stability and consistency
Higher is better, but also look for long term stability and consistency
Higher is better, but also look for long term stability and consistency, plus the nature of the industry. Also compare with industry
Higher is better, but also look for long term stability and consistency, plus the nature of the industry. Also compare with industry
Higher is better, but also look for long term stability and consistency, plus the nature of the industry. Also compare with industry
600
Revenue 80% Revenue and P
Check for a rising trend. Check for a r
500 60% Compare gro
400 40%
20%
300
0%
200 Jan/13 Jan/15
-20%
100
-40%
- -60%
Jan/12 Jan/14 Jan/16 Jan/18 Jan/20
Revenue Gro
Net Profit Gr
Management Effectiveness
Mar/12 Mar/13 Mar/14 Mar/15 Mar/16 Mar/17 Mar/18 Mar/19 Mar/20
ROE 29% 26% 13% 10% 9% 9% 8% 12% 17%
ROCE 40% 35% 18% 14% 13% 13% 11% 12% 20%
Cash Flows
Mar/12 Mar/13 Mar/14 Mar/15 Mar/16 Mar/17 Mar/18 Mar/19 Mar/20
Operating Cash Flow 355 53 38 70 78 -32 99 258 449
Free Cash Flow 40 -159 -326 -495 -529 -969 -1,057 -1,380 -789
Capital Allocation Quality
Check for a rising trend and/or consistency.
Numbers > 20% long term are good. Also check if the company
has zero/marginal debt. Compare with a close competitor Note: Please ignore the dates
on the X-axis. The figures are
for/as on the year ending date,
which for most Indian
companies would be 31st
March of that year
ROE ROCE
Mar/21
16%
19%
Mar/21
391
267
225
Mar/21
-184
-1,009
Common Size P&L
Rs Cr Mar-08 Mar-09 Mar-10 Mar-11 Mar-12 Mar-13 Mar-14 Mar-15 Mar-16 Mar-17
Sales 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Raw Material Cost 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Change in Inventory 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Power and Fuel 0% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0%
Other Mfr. Exp 15% 2% 2% 3% 4% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0%
Employee Cost 5% 6% 9% 16% 18% 25% 27% 25% 21% 19%
Selling and Admin Cost 13% 29% 38% 41% 41% 39% 40% 38% 31% 0%
Other Expenses 5% 3% 7% 0% 6% 3% 3% 9% 4% 33%
Operating Profit 62% 60% 43% 39% 30% 31% 28% 27% 41% 47%
Other Income 16% 23% 29% 50% 50% 45% 35% 29% 34% 27%
Depreciation 5% 6% 10% 12% 10% 7% 6% 5% 5% 6%
Interest 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Profit Before Tax 73% 77% 62% 77% 69% 69% 57% 51% 71% 68%
Tax 20% 20% 17% 20% 20% 20% 15% 2% 8% 11%
Net Profit 53% 57% 45% 57% 49% 49% 42% 49% 63% 58%
Dividend Amount 22% 23% 15% 23% 14% 29% 33% 34% 41% 36%
P.S. In case of companies earning negative FCF, where this model will not work, you must use a normalized positive FCF as th
number. This number is your assumption of FCF the business will earn in a normal year, without capex. Check the history
business while arriving at your assumption, and use your judgment wisely without twisting the model to fit your version of r
Calculation
by Mohnish Pabrai
Avg 5-Yr Net Profit (Rs Crore) 168.6 Avg 5-Yr Net Profit (Rs Crore)
PE Ratio at 0% Growth 8.5 PE Ratio at 0% Growth
Long-Term Growth Rate 7.2 Long-Term Growth Rate
Ben Graham Value (Rs Crore) 3,871 Ben Graham Value (Rs Crore)
Current Market Cap (Rs Crore) 8,382 Current Market Cap (Rs Crore)
EXPLANATION
Ben Graham's Original Formula: Value = EPS x (8.5 + 2G)
Here, EPS is the trailing 12 month EPS, 8.5 is the P/E ratio of a stock with 0% growth and g is the growth rate for the next 7-10
168.6
8.5
14.5
6,309
8,382
of around 1962 when Graham was publicizing his works, the risk free interest rate was 4.4% but to adjust to the present, we divide this num
resent, we divide this number by today’s AAA corporate bond rate, represented by Y in the formula above.
Dicounted Cash Flow Valuation
MULTI COMMODITY EXCHANGE OF INDIA LTD
Final Calculations
Terminal Year (3,829)
PV of Year 1-10 Cash Flows (11,780)
Terminal Value (12,329)
Total PV of Cash Flows (24,109)
Current Market Cap (Rs Cr) 8,382
META
Number of shares 5.10
Face Value 10
Current Price 1643.6
Market Capitalization 8382.36
Quarters
Report Date Mar-19 Jun-19 Sep-19 Dec-19 Mar-20 Jun-20
Sales 79.14 79.45 106.58 94.11 112.19 73.01
Expenses 53.96 51.75 53.18 50.07 64.62 46.48
Other Income 31.87 31.5 37.95 18.89 22.75 49.8
Depreciation 4.13 4.03 4.23 4.31 5.58 4.8
Interest 0.10 0.16 0.07
Profit before tax 52.92 55.07 87.12 58.62 64.58 71.46
Tax -8.03 11.37 15.37 3.05 -0.92 15.03
Net profit 60.95 43.7 71.75 55.57 65.5 56.43
Operating Profit 25.18 27.7 53.4 44.04 47.57 26.53
BALANCE SHEET
Report Date Mar-12 Mar-13 Mar-14 Mar-15 Mar-16 Mar-17
Equity Share Capital 50.77 51 51 51 51 51
Reserves 947.01 1105.05 1094.91 1153.71 1242.41 1311.39
Borrowings
Other Liabilities 876.87 631.18 597.52 622.13 568.5 507.09
Total 1874.65 1787.23 1743.43 1826.84 1861.91 1869.48
Net Block 187.57 203.44 173.28 142.82 136.98 151.78
Capital Work in Progress 0.14 0.98 0.24 2.28 3.13 0.36
Investments 1151.12 1,069.59 1091.55 1295.13 1114.33 1198.47
Other Assets 535.82 513.22 478.36 386.61 607.47 518.87
Total 1874.65 1787.23 1743.43 1826.84 1861.91 1869.48
Receivables 49.22 6.93 8.99 10.65 4.19 2.81
Inventory
Cash & Bank 312.44 347.63 341.86 265.63 500.31 19.27
No. of Equity Shares 50766063 50998370 50998370 50998369 50998369 50998369
New Bonus Shares
Face value 10 10 10 10 10 10
CASH FLOW:
Report Date Mar-12 Mar-13 Mar-14 Mar-15 Mar-16 Mar-17
Cash from Operating Activity 355.19 52.92 38.48 69.61 77.52 -32.08
Cash from Investing Activity -297.29 144.85 52.72 -68.39 -30.42 55.27
Cash from Financing Activity -29.59 -213.41 -113.27 -19.27 -61.42 -39.9
Net Cash Flow 28.31 -15.65 -22.08 -18.05 -14.32 -16.71
DERIVED:
Adjusted Equity Shares in Cr 5.10 5.10 5.10 5.10 5.10 5.10
DO NOT MAKE ANY CHANGES TO THIS SHEET
10 10 10 10
TESTING:
This is a testing feature currently.
You can report any formula errors on the worksheet at: screener.feedback@dalal-street.in
… do ANYTHING.
dalal-street.in