Quantity Surveying

Powerpoint
Powerpoint T
Templates
emplates
Page 1
Introduction to Quantity
Surveying
Powerpoint Templates
QUANTITY SURVEY???
Introduction
 Once a construction project is completed or depending on the form of
contract upon completion of certain parts of the work, the contractor must
be paid for appropriately completed works.
 This would then require that the actual works done be somehow
estimated or measured for payment purposes.
 On the other hand to estimate how much a civil engineering project may
cost, the actual quantities of materials, labor, equipment etc. that is needed
for the construction work must be calculated at the beginning of the
work.
 Such work of calculating the amount of materials and other
incidentals necessary for the realization of the work is called quantity
surveying.
Page 2
QUANTITY SURVEY???
Introduction Cont.
 Quantity surveying is a term or processes used in the construction
industry to take measurements of civil works, prepare
specifications, and estimate the cost of works either for each trade of
work or for the whole project.
 The term “surveying” means to inspect, study, review, investigate,
asses, and hence “to measure” therefore the term “quantity
surveying” means “quantity measuring” as applied to civil
engineering projects.
 Quantity surveying is the application of standard methods of
measurement to quantify the amount of various items in a
construction project, for the undertaking of valuation, and certifying
payments.
Page 3
QUANTITY SURVEY???
Introduction Cont.
 The following tasks are covered in quantity surveying.
1. Preparation of Specification
2. Taking measurements of civil works (Taking off quantities and
preparing BOQ)
3. Preparation of approximate (preliminary) cost estimate at the
very early stage of the project
4. Preparation of detail cost estimate at different stages (taking as
built measurements and preparing payment certificates or
approval of payment certificates prepared by taking
measurements)
5. Valuation of property
Page 4
QUANTITY SURVEY???
Pur pose of Quantity Sur veying
 The purpose of quantity surveying hence the preparation of Bill of
quantities is:
i. Assist the client to have an accurate estimate of the volume of
work as well as the required budget.
ii. To assist in the accurate preparation of tenders, by providing
uniform measurement of quantities.
iii. To give an accurate checklist of work accomplished
iv. To assist in the certification of payments
v. To give insight into the required variation work amounts.
Page 5
ESTIMATE???
a. to judge tentatively or approximately the value, worth,
or significance of
b. to determine roughly the size, extent, or nature of
c. to produce a statement of the approximate cost of
Merriam - Webster
“It is a valuation based on opinion or roughly made from imperfect

or incomplete data, a calculation not professedly exact, an
appraisement; also a statement, as by a builder, in regard to the
cost of certain work.”
Max B. Fajardo
Page 6
“Estimating is the most important of the practical aspects of

construction management and the subject deserve a closest
attention of one aspiring to a career in the profession. It is
comparatively simple subject to understand, however, as it
bring one up against practical work, methods and
procedure, knowledge of it cannot be acquired without close
application.”
Page 7
Purpose of Estimating
To give a reasonably accurate idea of the cost

An estimate is necessary to give the owner a reasonably accurate idea of the cost to
help him decide whether the work can be undertaken as proposed or needs to be
curtailed or abandoned, depending upon the availability of funds and prospective
direct and indirect benefits. For government works proper sanction has to be
obtained for allocating the required amount. Works are often let out on a lump sum
basis, in which case the Estimator must be in a position to know exactly how much
expenditure he is going to incur on them
1. Estimating Materials
2. Estimating Labor
3. Estimating Equipment
4. Estimating Time
Page 8
Types of Construction Estimates
1. Estimates for Conceptual Planning
Based on very general parameters of facility size,

anticipated quality of construction and use of facility.
Conceptual Estimate – is prepared based from only a

conceptual description of the project.
-Is done before plans, specifications and other
project details have been developed.
- ±15 – 20 % accurate
Page 9
2. Estimates for Feasibility
Using preliminary design information and after project

scope is completely defined.
An estimate of project cost that is prepared before

complete construction documents are available.
±15 – 20 % accurate
Page 10
3. Estimate During Engineering and Design
Based on schematic level design documents, it is probable

that major quantities can be quantified, concrete, steel based
from type of construction.
The designer and owner may use the estimate to evaluate

expected total project cost but for the purpose of reviewing
design cost drivers and performing value engineering
Value Engineering – a evaluation of a project objective

function for the purpose of bettering the objectives in terms
of cost and functional parameters
Page 11
4. Estimates for Construction
Itemized cost computation based on complete set of contract documents

(incl. plans and specifications)
Bid estimate submitted to the owner either for competitive bidding or

negotiation consists of direct construction cost including field supervision,
plus a mark-up to cover general overhead and profits. The direct cost of
construction for bid estimates is usually derived from a combination of the
following approaches.
•Subcontractor quotations
•Quantity takeoffs
•Construction procedures.
5% accuracy
Page 12
5.Control Estimates.
For monitoring the project during construction, a control estimate is

derived from available information to establish:
Budget estimate for financing

Budgeted cost after contracting but prior to construction
Estimated cost to completion during the progress of construction.
6.Estimate for Change Order
Performed on the project site in response to an owner – directed

change in the project.
Page 13
Estimating Techniques
Approximate Estimates
An approximate estimate is an approximate or rough estimate prepared
to obtain an approximate cost in a short time. For certain purposes the
use of such methods is justified.
Detailed Estimate
A detailed estimate of the cost of a project is prepared by determining the
quantities and costs of every thing that a contractor is required to provide
and do for the satisfactory completion of the work. It is the best and most
reliable form of estimate. A detailed estimate may be prepared in the
following two ways
Page 10
Qualification of an Quantity Surveyor
1. A thorough understanding of architectural drawings.

2. A sound knowledge of building materials, construction
methods and customs prevailing in the trade.
3. A fund of information collected or gained through experience in
construction work, relating to materials required, hourly output
of workers and equipment, overhead expenses and costs of all
kinds.
4. An understanding of a good method of preparing an estimate.
5. A systematic and orderly mind.
6. Ability to do careful and accurate calculations.
7. Ability to collect, classify and evaluate data that would be
useful in estimating.
Page 15
Data Required for Preparing an Estimate
1. Plans, sections and other

relevant details of the
work.
2. Specifications indicating
the exact nature and class
of materials to be used.
3. The rates at which the

different items of work are
carried out.
Page 16
Steps in Preparing Estimates
1 . Taking out quantities

- Measurements are taken off from the drawings and entered on measurement
sheet or dimension paper. The measurements to be taken out would depend upon
the unit of measurement.
2. Squaring out
- Working out volumes, areas, etc. and casting up their total in recognized units.
3. Abstracting
- In the third step all the items along with the net results obtained in the second
step are transferred from measurement sheets to specially ruled sheets having
rate column ready for pricing.
Page 17
Work Breakdown Structure
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)– provide a common
hierarchical framework for summarizing information and for the
quantitative reporting to customers (client/owner) and management.
Purpose of Work Breakdown Structure
1.Provide an organized manner of collecting project cost data in

a standard format for estimating, cost reporting and cost tracking
2. Provide a checklist for categorizing cost
3.Provide a means to maintain historical cost data in a standard
format.
Page 18
Page 19
Basics for Preparation of Estimates
Review Contract Documents
Thoroughly examine the constructions documents
Drawings and Specifications
General Conditions – part of the contract documents that defines the

rights, responsibilities and relationships of all parties to the construction
contract.
It is appropriate to make notes of anything that can affect construction

duration and the cost to perform the work or add indirect and overhead cost to
the work
Prebid Conference – a meeting held prior to bid opening for the purpose of
explaining the project and answering questions that bidders have with respect to
the contract documents and the work.
Page 20
Planning The Work
Thoroughly understand the scope of work and the project environment.
A detailed review enables the estimator to formulate a construction sequence

and duration.
A site visit is strongly recommended to enable the estimator to relate the

physical site characteristics to the available design parameters and details.
Quantities
Quantity Take-off – must be as accurate as possible and should be based on all

available engineering and design data.
Quantities should be shown in standard units of measure and should be

consistent with the design units.
Page 21
Types of Cost
Direct Cost – all cost elements that can be associated with a specific item of
project work e.g. cost of labor, cost of materials, cost of equipment
Indirect Cost – cost that cannot be attributed to a single task of construction

work e.g. overhead, profit, and bonds.
Profit – amount of money, if any that a contractor retains after completing a

project and paying all cost for materials, labor and overhead.
Page 22
Productivity and Price Resources
Historical production and cost data from similar past work are excellent
resources of when adequate details have been saved and adjustments to
project specifics can be defined.
Development of Specific Task
Developed task descriptions must describe the scope and material

requirement.
Page 23
Unit Cost
Labor Unit Cost – cost based on a defined crew that performs the task
at an assigned production rate.
Equipment Unit Cost
Material Unit Cost – developed using vendor quotes , historical cost

commercial pricing sources and component calculations.
Page 20
Cost and Pricing
cost for each task is developed by summing up the direct cost elements
for labor, equipment, materials, supplies and subcontractors.
Indirect cost and other markups associated with each task or work item
should be identified and considered properly.
When using historical pricing, adjustment must be made for location,

work methodology, quantity of work, and other dissimilarities that affect
prices.
Page 25
Supporting Documents
Should always remain mindful of the documentation necessary to

support the estimates.
Narratives of Contract Cost – contains discussion, considerations

and the developed construction plan.
Project Narrative
Construction Schedule
Equipment and Material Utilization
Labor Discussion and Utilization
 Estimate Backup Data – backup documentation

Quotations
Drawing and Sketches
Page 26
Reference:
Introduction to Estimates by Engr. Cyrus D. Esguerra

http://pmbook.ce.cmu.edu/05_Cost_Estimation.html
http://www.misronet.com/estimating.htm
Construction Management Fundamentals by Knutson, Schenayder,
Fiori, Mayo
Page 27

Quantity Surveying

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Quantity Surveying

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Powerpoint

“It is a valuation based on opinion or roughly made from imperfect

“Estimating is the most important of the practical aspects of

To give a reasonably accurate idea of the cost

Based on very general parameters of facility size,

Conceptual Estimate – is prepared based from only a

Using preliminary design information and after project

An estimate of project cost that is prepared before

Based on schematic level design documents, it is probable

The designer and owner may use the estimate to evaluate

Value Engineering – a evaluation of a project objective

Itemized cost computation based on complete set of contract documents

Bid estimate submitted to the owner either for competitive bidding or

For monitoring the project during construction, a control estimate is

Budget estimate for financing

6.Estimate for Change Order

Performed on the project site in response to an owner – directed

1. A thorough understanding of architectural drawings.

1. Plans, sections and other

3. The rates at which the

1 . Taking out quantities

Purpose of Work Breakdown Structure

1.Provide an organized manner of collecting project cost data in

Thoroughly examine the constructions documents

Drawings and Specifications

General Conditions – part of the contract documents that defines the

It is appropriate to make notes of anything that can affect construction

Thoroughly understand the scope of work and the project environment.

A detailed review enables the estimator to formulate a construction sequence

A site visit is strongly recommended to enable the estimator to relate the

Quantity Take-off – must be as accurate as possible and should be based on all

Quantities should be shown in standard units of measure and should be

Indirect Cost – cost that cannot be attributed to a single task of construction

Profit – amount of money, if any that a contractor retains after completing a

Productivity and Price Resources

Development of Specific Task

Developed task descriptions must describe the scope and material

Equipment Unit Cost

Material Unit Cost – developed using vendor quotes , historical cost

Cost and Pricing

When using historical pricing, adjustment must be made for location,

Should always remain mindful of the documentation necessary to

Narratives of Contract Cost – contains discussion, considerations

 Estimate Backup Data – backup documentation

Introduction to Estimates by Engr. Cyrus D. Esguerra

You might also like