WEEK 5: THE HISTORY OF EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE and transportation for the Egyptians.

Great floods would come

each year and would provide fertile soil for growing food.
Note: Read and understand very well the topic " History of
Egyptian Architecture" in preparation for your synchronous
assessment on Thursday, September 24, 2020 at 2-3 pm.
Blessed Day ladies and gentlemen, dear draftsman! Welcome!
Kingdoms and Periods
Do you want to travel online to Middle East part of the world?
Of course yes it is very interesting to see the beautiful view and Historians usually group the history of Ancient Egypt into three
to learn many things on its beautiful colors and the unique major kingdoms called the Old Kingdom, the Middle
designs of the early Egyptian architects and designers and so I Kingdom, and the New Kingdom. It was during these times
am hoping that you will follow and take advantage on it and that Ancient Egypt was at its strongest. The times between the
here we go to the next lesson about the history and the different Kingdoms are called intermediate periods.
characteristics and designs and most especially the beautiful
columns and capitals of the Egyptian architecture. Culture

And so to start let us begin with:
The History Of Egyptian Architecture
Ancient Egypt was one of the greatest and most powerful
civilizations in the history of the world. It lasted for over 3000
years from 3150 BC to 30 BC.
The Nile River
Ancient Egypt was rich in culture including government,
religion, arts, and writing. The government and religion were
tied together as the leader of the government, the Pharaoh, was
also leader of the religion. Writing was also important in
keeping the government running. Only scribes could read and
write and they were considered powerful people.
Pyramids and Treasure

The civilization of Ancient Egypt was

located along the Nile River in northeast
Africa. The Nile was the source of much of
the Ancient Egypt's wealth. Great Egyptian cities grew up
along the Nile as the Egyptian people became experts in The Pharaohs of Egypt were often buried in giant pyramids or
irrigation and were able to use the water from the Nile to grow in secret tombs. They believed that they needed treasure to be
rich and profitable crops. The Nile provided food, soil, water, buried with them to help them in the afterlife. As a result,
archeologists have a lot of well-preserved artifacts and tombs
to examine in order to find out how the Ancient Egyptians
lived.
End of the Empire
The Ancient Egyptian Empire began to weaken in about 700
BC. It was conquered by a number of other civilizations. The
first to conquer Egypt was the Assyrian Empire, followed a
hundred or so years later by the Persian Empire. In 332 BC,
Alexander the Great of Greece conquered Egypt and set up his
own ruling family called the Ptolemaic Dynasty. Finally, the
Romans came in 30 BC and Egypt became a province of Rome
Characteristics and Designs of Egyptian architecture
Architecture developed since
3000 bc and characterized by
post and lintel construction,
massive walls covered with hieroglyphic and pictorial carving,
flat roofs, and structures such as the mastaba, obelisk, pylon
and the Pyramids. Houses were built of clay or baked bricks.
Tombs and temples reproduced features of domestic
architecture, but on a massive scale using permanent materials.
Perhaps the great architect of the period was Imhotep.
What Are Common Characteristics of
Egyptian Art?
Ancient Egyptian art aimed at preserving
order and stability, or the prevailing relationships between the
king, people, and the gods. To do this, ancient Egyptian art
followed certain rules or a style that made it distinctive and
unmistakable. Additionally, ancient Egyptian art was heavily
influenced by religion, specifically the belief in life after death
so that ancient Egyptian artists developed funeral art to an
amazing degree. Egyptian temples and pyramids, and the
paintings and sculpture found inside them, have become
treasures of the entire art world and human civilization itself.
During the age of pharaohs and dynasties,
Egypt was fertile and productive, politically
stable, and under little threat of foreign
invasions. Its artists and artisans could draw on
rich supplies of minerals and fine jewels for their work.
Egyptian artists all followed specific rules collectively known
as style. Ancient Egyptian art tried to preserve the universe, not
as it actually existed, but in
idealized and more enduring and
lasting symbols.
Post and Lintel
One of the oldest forms of construction in the world is the
system of the post and lintel, in which a large horizontal piece
is supported by two vertical pillars. The pillars are the post, and
the horizontal piece is the lintel. The post-and-lintel system has
been used since the Stone Age, so why does it matter if the
Egyptians used it?
The ancient Egyptians used the post-and-lintel system for more
than stone monuments. They used it to make entire buildings
out of stone, which was much more difficult. However, the
Egyptians weren't just making small houses. They were
building massive palaces for the pharaohs and temples for the
gods. For this to work, the Egyptians needed massive slabs of
stone to use as lintels, and a great number of columns to
support the weight. With this style of construction, the lintels
became the roof, supported by large walls and dozens of
interior columns.
The kingdom temple
Luxor temple
The temple has been in almost continuous use as a place of
worship right up to the present day. During the Christian era,
the temple’s hypostyle hall was converted into a Christian
church, and the remains of another Coptic church can be seen
to the west. Then for thousands of years, the temple was buried
beneath the streets and houses of Luxor. Eventually the mosque
of Sufi Shaykh Yusuf Abu al-Hajjaj was built over it. This
mosque was carefully preserved when the temple was
uncovered and forms an integral part of the site today.
Temple of Karnak
overshadowing many wonders of the modern world and in its
day must have been awe-inspiring.
Malkata Palace
Malkata Palace, which also Known as
Palace of Amenhotep III, its located
on the west bank of the Nile River at
Luxor, Egypt, Malkata Palace built by
the 18th Dynasty pharaoh Amenhotep III, its surrounding with
a lot of temples such as Isis Temple, Hatshepsut Temple.
Malkata palace consider one of the residential palaces, it
consists of Amun Temple, Festival Hall, Houses for the
relatives of the Royal Family, audience halls.
Temple of Mastaba
Mastaba, (Arabic: “bench”) rectangular
superstructure of ancient Egyptian tombs,
built of mud brick or, later, stone, with
sloping walls and a flat roof. A deep shaft
descended to the underground burial chamber.

The temple of Karnak was known as

Ipet-isu—or “most select of
places”—by the ancient Egyptians.
It is a city of temples built over
2,000 years and dedicated to the Theban triad of Amun, Mut,
and Khonsu. This derelict place is still capable of