Cnat Questions - Anatomy and Physiology: Nueva Ecija University of Science and

Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND

Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
ISO 9001:2015 CERTIFIED
COLLEGE OF NURSING
CNAT QUESTIONS – ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY

1. Physical and chemical changes or reactions that occur within the body are
collectively known as
o A. Metabolism ANSWER: A
o B. Physiology
o C. Assimilation
o D. Excretion
2. Which of the following lists best illustrates the idea of increasing levels of
complexity?
o A. Cells, tissues, organelles, organs, systems

o B. Tissues, cells, organs, organelles, systems ANSWER: D
o C. Organs, organelles, systems, cells, tissues
o D. Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, systems
3. Homeostasis is defined as the
o A. Ability of human beings to keep body weight within normal limits

o B. Maintenance of a constant external temperature inside a room ANSWER: D
o C. Ingestion of enough food to keep hunger pains from developing
o D. Tendency of the body to maintain a stable environment
4. How is oxygen used by living organisms?
o A. It controls the amount of heat produced

o B. Its a source of energy ANSWER: C
o C. It is used to release energy that is stored in food
o D. It is part of water and is necessary to keep organisms hydrated
5. Which of the following organs is located in the abdominopelvic cavity?
o A. Heart
o B. Trachea ANSWER: D
o C. Thymus gland
o D. Kidney
6. The membrane on the surface of a lung is called the
o A. Visceral pleura
o B. Parietal pleura ANSWER: A
o C. Visceral pericardium
o D. Parietal pericardium
7. A section that separates the body in to right and left portions would be the
o A. Frontal section
o B. Transverse section
o C. Coronal section ANSWER: D
o D. Sagittal section
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8. The thoracic cavity lies where in relationship to the abdominopelvic cavity?
o A. Dorsal (posterior)
o B. Ventral (anterior)
o C. Superior ANSWER: C
o D. Inferior
9. When the body is placed in the anatomical position, which of the following
is not true?
o A. The face is forward

o B. The arms are at the sides ANSWER: C
o C. The palms are facing backward
o D. The body is erect
10. A mechanism functioning to maintain a stable internal environment is most

likely to involve
o A. Positive feedback
o B. Negative feedback ANSWER: B
o C. A vicious circle
o D. None of the above

11. A decomposition reaction can be symbolized by
A. A+B --> C+D
B. A+B -->AB ANSWER: C
C. AB-->A+B
D. C+D-->AB
12. Electrolytes are substances that
A. Form covalent bonds with water

B. Ionize when dissolved in water ANSWER: B
C. Cannot conduct electricity in solution
D. Are not found in the human body in any appreciable amounts.

13. The pH scale measures the
A. Concentration of hydrogen ions in solution
B. Amounts of salts dissolved in water ANSWER: A
C. Number of hydroxyl ions in water
D. Strength of an electrical current carried by a solution
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14. Synthesis reactions are particularly important in the body for
A. Release of energy
B. Digestion of food particles ANSWER: A
C. Growth of body parts
D. Neutralization of acids by buffers
15. Lipids are characterized by
A. A group of substances that are insoluble in water.
B. A number of compounds such as phospholipids, cholesterol and fats.
C. Fat molecules containing C, H, & O but the proportion of oxygen is much smaller than
in carbohydrates.
D. All of the above. ANSWER: D
16. The general characteristics of proteins are that they
A. Serve as structural materials, energy sources, and chemical messengers.
B. Contain C, H, O and N, and sometimes sulfur.
C. Can act as enzymes
D. All of the above. ANSWER: D
17. An enzyme is defined as a
A. Protein that speeds up chemical reactions without being changed or depleted.
B. Protein that functions as a hormone ANSWER: A
C. Protein that inhibits chemical reactions by being changed or depleted
D. Fibrous protein that is used to help build certain tissues in the body
18. Sodium ions and calcium ions are examples of
A. Cations
B. Anions ANSWER: A
C. Salts
D. Buffers
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19. Which of the following is not hydrophilic?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Lipids ANSWER: B
C. Proteins
D. Nucleic acid
20. Glycogen is a complex polysaccharide that is synthesized by the body
A. True ANSWER: A
B. False
21. The endoplasmic reticulum is best described as a
A. Formless liquid
B. Cellular inclusion ANSWER: D
C. Network of interconnected membranes
D. Membranous sac
22. The movement of molecules through a membrane by filtration depends upon the presence
of
A. Osmotic pressure
B. Hydrostatic pressure
C. Atmospheric pressure ANSWER: C
D. None of the above
23. Which of the following processes involves the use of specific carrier molecules?
A. Phagocytosis
B. Pinocytosis
C. Active transport ANSWER: C
D. Dialysis
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24. If the concentration of glucose in the water outside of a cell is higher than the concentration
inside,
A. Water will tend to enter the cell by osmosis
B. Water will tend to leave the cell by osmosis ANSWER: D
C. Glucose will tend to enter the cell by osmosis
D. Glucose will tend to leave the cell by osmosis
25. Because of mitosis and cytoplasmic division, the resulting cells contain
A. Identical chromosomes
B. Identical DNA information
C. Both identical chromosomes and DNA information ANSWER: C
D. None of the above.
26. The 2 major components of the cell membrane are
A. Lipids and carbohydrates
B. Proteins and carbohydrates
C. Lipids and proteins ANSWER: C
D. Carbohydrates and polysaccharides
27. The cell membrane functions to
A. Maintain wholeness of the cell
B. Control the entry and exit of various substances ANSWER: D
C. Provide a barrier to water soluble substances
D. All of the above
28. Which of the following is not a factor that influences the rate of diffusion?
A. The distance of diffusion ANSWER: A
B. The concentration of the substance
C. The amount of energy available for transport molecules
D. The molecular weight of the diffusing molecules
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29. What characteristic is shared by simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
A. Both require cellular energy for the transport of substances. ANSWER: D
B. Both involve the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane
C. Both require a special carrier molecule to move substances across the membrane
D. Both involve the movement of a substance from regions of higher concentration to

lower concentration without cellular energy.
30. What occurs if a red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution?
A. The cell will shrink ANSWER: B
B. The cell will swell and may eventually burst
C. Nothing; the cell will remain the same size and shape
D. Only permeable substances will leave the cell; otherwise the concentrations within
the cell do not change
31. In what phase of mitosis do the chromosomes duplicate?
A. Prophase
B. Interphase ANSWER: D
C. Metaphase
D. Telophase
32. Which of the following is isotonic to red blood cells?
A. 0.9% NaCl solution ANSWER: B
B. Distilled water
C. 0.9% glucose solution
33. A selectively permeable membrane is defined as one that
A. Allows all substances to pass through ANSWER: B
B. Allows all organic substances to pass through but excludes all inorganic substances
C. Allows some substances to pass through and excludes others
D. Is leaky or allows substances to leak through
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COLLEGE OF NURSING
34. Which of the following organelles has its structures and function correctly described?
A. Endoplasmic reticulum: network of interconnected membranes forming sacs and

canals; packages proteins molecules ANSWER: C
B. Ribosomes: membranous vesicles; contains digestive enzymes
C. Golgi apparatus: particles composed of protein and RNA; synthesizes proteins
D. Mitochondrion: non-membranous structure that synthesizes proteins
35. Osmosis is defined as the movement of
A. Molecules from high concentration to a low concentration
B. Water molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration through a selectively

permeable membrane. ANSWER: B
C. Water molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration through a selectively

permeable membrane
D. Ions from a low pressure region to a high pressure region through a selectively permeable
membrane
36. The relationship of osmotic pressure and the number of solute particles in a solution is
A. The lower the number of solute particles, the greater the osmotic pressure
B. The greater the number of solute particles, the lower the osmotic pressure
C. The greater the osmotic pressure, the lower the number of solute particles
D. The greater the number of solute particles, the greater the osmotic pressure
ANSWER: D
37. A hypertonic solution
A. Has a greater concentration of solute particles than the cells in the solution
B. Would cause cells in the solution to lose water or become shrunken
C. Has greater osmotic pressure than do the cells in the solution
D. All of the above ANSWER: D
38. Lipids are synthesized in
A. The Golgi apparatus
B. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum ANSWER: D
C. The rough endoplasmic reticulum
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D. The liver COLLEGE OF NURSING
39. The movement of sodium ions from a region of lower concentration inside a cell toward a
region of higher concentration outside the cell is accomplished by
A. Diffusion
B. Osmosis ANSWER: C
C. Active Transport
D. Filtration
40. In dehydration synthesis of a carbohydrate,
A. Larger molecules are decomposed into smaller ones
B. Monosaccharides become joined together ANSWER: C
C. Water molecules become joined to monosaccharide molecules
D. The molecule is decomposed in to CO2 and H2O
40. When a sucrose molecule is decomposed to yield a glucose molecule and a fructose
molecule,
A. The process involves dehydration synthesis
B. A water molecule is released
C. A water molecule is used ANSWER: A
41. The reactions of anaerobic respiration occur in the
A. Cytoplasm
B. Mitochondria ANSWER:B
C. Nucleus
D. All of the above
42. Which of the following is an example of catabolism?
A. The synthesis of the cell membrane from precursor molecules
B. The oxidation of glucose in the cytoplasm and mitochondria
C. The formation of secretory proteins in the pancreas
D. The duplication of DNA molecules in the nucleus
ANSWER: B
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COLLEGE OF NURSING
43. What is the function of ADP molecules living in cells?
A. They form a genetic material important for reproduction
B. They act to "capture" energy from the oxidation of fuels to be used in other cell processes
C. They act as coenzymes so that the fats can be synthesized.
D. They are an integral part of the cell membrane, important in the transport of water
molecules. ANSWER: D
44. In the citric acid cycle,
A. Carbon dioxide is released
B. Hydrogen atoms are released
C. 2 ATP's form ANSWER: D
D. All of the above
45. Cellular respiration is defined as the process by which
A. Energy is released from molecules and is transferred to other molecules
B. Cells breathe, or take in O2 and give off CO2 ANSWER: B
C. Cells produce energy from O2 and absorb heat.
D. Energy is absorbed from glucose and is transferred to CO2
46. Anaerobic respiration involves chemical reactions in ____________, where as aerobic

respiration involves reactions in ____________.
A. Mitochondria; cytplasm with O2 needed ANSWER: D
B. Cytoplasm without O2 needed; cytoplasm with CO2 required
C. Mitochondria without O2 needed; mitochondria with O2 needed
D. Cytoplasm without O2 needed; mitochondria with O2 needed
47. The process of copying DNA information into the structure of the mRNA molecule is called
which of the following?
A. Translation
B. Synthesis ANSWER: A
C. Replication
D. Transcription
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48. Which of the following is not one of the 4 basic body tissues
A. Epithelial tissue
B. Connective tissue ANSWER: C
C. Brain tissue
D. Muscle tissue
49. A basement membrane occurs between
A. Muscle and nerve tissue
B. Epithelial and connective tissue ANSWER: B
C. Connective tissue and muscle tissue
D. Brain and nervous tissue
50. Epithelial tissue functions in
A. Secretion
B. Absorption ANSWER: D
C. Protection
D. All of the above
51. The muscle tissue that can be consciously controlled is
A. Smooth
B. Skeletal
C. striated ANSWER: B
52. Connective tissue fibers are produced by
A. Macrophages
B. Mast cells ANSWER: D
C. Fibroblasts
D. All of the above
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53. A general characteristic of connective tissue is that it
A. Consists of cells with much intercellular material between them
B. Has no blood supply to the tissue
C. Covers the outside of organs ANSWER: A
D. Commonly found lining body cavities
54. Adipose tissue is a specialized form of
A. Fibrous connective tissue
B. Elastic connective tissue ANSWER: D
C. Loose connective tissue
D. Reticular connective tissue
55. Epithelial tissues are characterized by a lack of blood vessels
A. True ANSWER: A
B. False
56. Membranes lining the body cavities that lack openings to the outside are called
A. Synovial
B. Mucous
C. Serous ANSWER: C
D. Cutaneous
57. The primary means by which body heat is lost
A. Conduction
B. Convection ANSWER: C
C. Evaporation
D. Radiation
58. Which of the following is a normal response to excessive loss of body heat in a cold
environment?
A. Dermal blood vessels become constricted
B. Sweat glands become inactive ANSWER: D
C. Skeletal muscles contract involuntarily
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D. All of the above COLLEGE OF NURSING
59. Exposure to ultraviolet light causes the skin to darken by stimulating the production of
A. Melanin
B. Carotene ANSWER: A
C. Hemoglobin
D. Cyanin
60. An example of a serous membrane is
A. The nasal membranes that secrete mucous
B. The linings of the gastrointestinal system
C. The lining of the thorax ANSWER: B
D. The membranes covering joint cavities in the knee
61. Sweat functions to cool the body by
A. Convection
B. Conduction ANSWER: C
C. Evaporation
D. Radiation
62. Which of the following layers of the epidermis consists of a single row of columnar cells that
undergo mitosis and includes pigment producing melanocytes?
A. Stratum corneum
B. Stratum granulosum ANSWER: D
C. Stratum spinosum
D. Stratum germinativum
63. Shafts of hair are composed of
A. Living dermal cells
B. Dead dermal cells ANSWER: A
C. Living epidermal cells
D. Dead epidermal cells
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COLLEGE OF NURSING
64. Eccrine sweat glands differ from sebaceous glands
A. In terms of what is secreted
B. In their location in the body
C. Because subaceous glands are associated with hair follicles, sweat glands are not.
65. Epidermal cells are supplied with nutrients from blood vessels located in the
A. Epidermis
B. Dermis ANSWER: B
C. Subcutaneous layer
D. All of the above
66. Serous membranes are characterized by __________, whereas mucous membranes are
characterized by____________.
A. Lining body cavities that lack openings to the outside; lining body cavities and tubes
opening to the outside ANSWER: A
B. Being composed of connective tissue only; being composed of epithelial tissue only
C. Secreting synovial fluid that lubricates the joint surfaces; secreting mucous
D. Lining joint cavities; covering the surface of the body
67. Epidermis is distinguished by being _____________, whereas the dermis is distinguished by

being __________.
A. The innermost layer of the skin; under the dermis
B. Composed of largely fibrous connective tissue; composed of stratified squamous

epithelial tissue
C. The outermost layer of skin; composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue
D. Composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue; composed of fibrous connective

tissue. ANSWER: D
68. A hair is distinguished from a hair follicle by
A. Being composed of living stratified squamous cells, whereas a hair follicle is

composed of dead dermal cells
B. Originating in the subcutaneous layer, whereas a hair follicle originates in the dermis
C. Strictly the position, with the hair being in the center of the follicle
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D. Being composed of dead epidermal cells, whereas a hair follicle is composed of living
dermal cells ANSWER: D
69. The subcutaneous layer can be described as
A. Being composed of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue
B. The skin
C. Functioning as a heat insulator or helping to conserve body heat
70. Which of the following blood vessels carries blood towards the heart?
o A. Veins
o B. Arteries ANSWER: D
o C. Capillaries
o D. The aorta
71. What is the purpose of the heart valves?
o A. To allow gaseous exchange.

o B. To prevent gaseous exchange.
o C. To allow backflow of blood. ANSWER: D
o D. To prevent backflow of blood.
72. Which of the following best describes the flow of blood in systemic circulation?
 A. Left ventricle, aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, vena

cava, and, right atrium
 B. Right ventricle, pulmonary artery, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins,
pulmonary veins, left atrium
 C. Right ventricle, aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, vena
cava, left atrium
 D. Left ventricle, pulmonary artery, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins,
pulmonary veins, right atrium
ANSWER: B
73. Why does the left ventricle have thicker walls than the right ventricle?
 A. So it can pump blood more forcefully

 B. So it can pump blood less forcefully ANSWER: A
 C. To allow gaseous exchange
 D. To prevent gaseous exchange
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COLLEGE OF NURSING
74. Which of the following carries oxygenated blood to the heart from the lungs?
 A. The aorta
 B. The pulmonary vein ANSWER: B
 C. The venae cavae
 D. The pulmonary artery
75. Which of the following describes a long bone?
 A. It is curved to help absorb stress

 B. It provides protection and sites for muscle attachment
 C. It is almost equal in length and width
 D. It has a very complex shape ANSWER: B
76. Which of the following muscles lifts the ribs to expand the chest cavity?
 A. The diaphragm
 B. The internal intercostals
 C. The external intercostals ANSWER: C
 D. The pectoralis major
77. Which of the following gases diffuses into the alveoli from the capillaries to be
exhaled?
 A. Nitrogen
 B. Carbon dioxide ANSWER: B
 C. Oxygen
 D. Carbon monoxide
78. Where would you find the tarsals?
 A. The upper arm

 B. The wrist
 C. The upper leg ANSWER: D
 D. The foot
79. Which of the following is a function of the skeleton?
 A. It supplies oxygen to working muscles

 B. It makes ATP for energy
 C. It stores ATP for energy
 D. It protects vital organs
ANSWER: D
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COLLEGE OF NURSING

80. Which of the following forms a part of the axial skeleton?
 A. The ulna
 B. The tibia
 C. The ribs ANSWER: C
 D. The scapula
81. Which of the following describes an irregular bone?
 A. Curved to help absorb stress from the body

 B. Thin, give protection to internal organs, provide sites for muscle
attachment
 C. Almost equal in width and length, cube shape
 D. Have complex shapes ANSWER: A
82. Which type of bone is the femur?
 A. Long
 B. Flat ANSWER: A
 C. Short
 D. Irregular
83. What percentage of oxygen is found in exhaled air?
 A. 16
 B. 14 ANSWER: A
 C. 18
 D. 20
84. In the process of ossification, what does bone develop from?
 A. Bone marrow
 B. Ligaments
 C. Cartilage ANSWER: C
 D. Synovial fluid
85. What effect does regular weight-bearing exercise have on joints?
 A. Increased ligament strength

 B. Increased mitochondria density ANSWER: A
 C. Increased joint friction
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 D. Increased joint volume
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86. Which bones meet to form a pivot joint?
 A. The femur and tibia

 B. The pelvis and hip
 C. The radius and ulna ANSWER: C
 D. The clavicle and humerus

87. Which joint action is taking place when the palm turns upwards?
 A. Pronation
 B. Supination ANSWER: B
 C. Adduction
 D. Abduction
88. Which of the following muscles is located in the upper arm?
 A. Biceps
 B. Hamstrings ANSWER: A
 C. Trapezius
 D. Soleus
89. Where would you find the cardiac muscle?
 A. The veins
 B. The arteries
 C. The heart ANSWER: C
 D. The lungs
90. What is the function of actin and myosin filaments?
 A. Muscle fibre breakdown

 B. Energy production ANSWER: C
 C. Muscle contraction
 D. Regeneration of ATP
91. Which of the following is predominantly recruited during a 10 km walk?
 A. Slow twitch muscle fibers

 B. The creatine phosphate system
 C. Fast twitch muscle fibres ANSWER: B
 D. The lactic acid system
92. Which one of these is a type of voluntary muscle?
 A. Gastrointestinal
 B. Biceps ANSWER: B
 C. Heart muscle
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 D. Capillaries
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93. Which of the following is a component of muscle structure?
 A. Sarcomere
 B. Synovial membrane ANSWER: A
 C. The epiphysis
 D. The periosteum
94. Which of the following muscles is contracting eccentrically during the lowering

phase of a lateral raise?
 A. Latissimus dorsi
 B. Erector spinae
 C. Triceps ANSWER: D
 D. Medial deltoids
95. What term describes a muscle that assists the prime mover?
 A. Agonist
 B. Antagonist
 C. Synergist ANSWER: C
 D. Fixator
96. Which of the following is the antagonist during a calf raise?
 A. Gastrocnemius
 B. Tibialis anterior
 C. The quadriceps
 D. The hamstring ANSWER: D
97. Which of the following describes a concentric contraction?
 A. A muscle develops tension and shortens

 B. A muscle develops tension and lengthens ANSWER: C
 C. A muscle develops tension but muscle length remains the same
 D. A muscle develops tension to fix a joint in one position
98. What duration of activity can muscle stores of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

support?
 A. Up to 4 seconds ANSWER: A

 B. Up to 6 seconds
 C. Up to 20 seconds
 D. Up to 120 seconds
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COLLEGE OF NURSING
99. Which of the following nutrients can be stored in the muscle and liver?
 A. Carbohydrate
 B. Fat ANSWER: A
 C. Protein
 D. Fibre
100.. During an activity that lasts for 20 minutes which energy system will be
predominantly used to produce ATP?
A. The phosphocreatine system
B. The aerobic system ANSWER: A
C. The lactic acid system
D. The cardiovascular system

101. What is the antagonist during a dumbbell curl exercise?
i. A. The triceps
ii. B. The biceps ANSWER: A
iii. C. The deltoids
iv. D. The pectorals
102. What will happen to slow-twitch muscle fibers as a result of long term

endurance training?
v. A. They will develop more mitochondria

vi. B. The will use less oxygen ANSWER: A
vii. C. Metabolic activity will decrease
viii. D. They will fatigue more quickly
103. Which of the following affects the strength of a muscle contraction?
ix. A. The amount of glycogen stored in the muscle

x. B. The amount of fat stored in the muscle
xi. C. The range of movement at the working joint
xii. D. The number of motor units recruited ANSWER: D

PREPARED BY:
JESUS B. DANCEL
Anatomy Instructor
www.neust.edu.ph

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Republic of the Philippines

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND

CNAT QUESTIONS – ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY

o A. Cells, tissues, organelles, organs, systems

3. Homeostasis is defined as the

o A. Ability of human beings to keep body weight within normal limits

4. How is oxygen used by living organisms?

o A. It controls the amount of heat produced

5. Which of the following organs is located in the abdominopelvic cavity?

6. The membrane on the surface of a lung is called the

8. The thoracic cavity lies where in relationship to the abdominopelvic cavity?

o A. The face is forward

10. A mechanism functioning to maintain a stable internal environment is most

11. A decomposition reaction can be symbolized by

A. A+B --> C+D

B. A+B -->AB ANSWER: C

12. Electrolytes are substances that

A. Form covalent bonds with water

13. The pH scale measures the

A. Concentration of hydrogen ions in solution

B. Amounts of salts dissolved in water ANSWER: A

C. Number of hydroxyl ions in water

D. Strength of an electrical current carried by a solution

14. Synthesis reactions are particularly important in the body for

B. Digestion of food particles ANSWER: A

C. Growth of body parts

D. Neutralization of acids by buffers

15. Lipids are characterized by

A. A group of substances that are insoluble in water.

B. A number of compounds such as phospholipids, cholesterol and fats.

D. All of the above. ANSWER: D

16. The general characteristics of proteins are that they

A. Serve as structural materials, energy sources, and chemical messengers.

B. Contain C, H, O and N, and sometimes sulfur.

C. Can act as enzymes

D. All of the above. ANSWER: D

17. An enzyme is defined as a

A. Protein that speeds up chemical reactions without being changed or depleted.

B. Protein that functions as a hormone ANSWER: A

C. Protein that inhibits chemical reactions by being changed or depleted

18. Sodium ions and calcium ions are examples of

19. Which of the following is not hydrophilic?

20. Glycogen is a complex polysaccharide that is synthesized by the body

21. The endoplasmic reticulum is best described as a

B. Cellular inclusion ANSWER: D

C. Network of interconnected membranes

C. Atmospheric pressure ANSWER: C

D. None of the above

C. Active transport ANSWER: C

A. Water will tend to enter the cell by osmosis

B. Water will tend to leave the cell by osmosis ANSWER: D

C. Glucose will tend to enter the cell by osmosis

D. Glucose will tend to leave the cell by osmosis

B. Identical DNA information

C. Both identical chromosomes and DNA information ANSWER: C

D. None of the above.

26. The 2 major components of the cell membrane are

A. Lipids and carbohydrates

B. Proteins and carbohydrates

C. Lipids and proteins ANSWER: C

D. Carbohydrates and polysaccharides

27. The cell membrane functions to

A. Maintain wholeness of the cell