~III-. RADON KILLS!

USE R-E'S .
.. - RADON MONITOR IN YOUR BASEMENT.
JULY 1988

BUILD THIS
LC METER
ACCURATELY MEASURE
INDUCTANCE AND
CAPACITANCE

PUT RE's ADVANCED

CONTROL SYSTEM
TO WORK IN YOUR HOME

A PRIMER ON THE
GENERAL PURPOSE
INTERFACE BUS
FOR TEST EQUIPMENT

USEOUR
CIRCUIT COOKBOOK
TO BUILD PRACTICAL
OTA CIRCUITS

eo",ilUiEiliJ,tiESi
BUILD A PAIR OF
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FOR CABLE-FREE
INTERFACING
 THE ANSWER IS IN
TEK DIGITAL STORAGE:
Now! The new 60 MHz Tek 2221 joins the
world's best-selling family'of digital
storage oscilloscopes. All featuring 20 $2995 With each scope you can capture
events as narrowas 100 ns at any sweep
speed thanks to Tek's proprietarypeak

$3995
MS/s digitizing along with familiar, full- detect mode. View events prior to or follow-
bandwidth analog operation. It's the best ing a trigger eventwith pre/post trigger.
of both worlds in an easy-to-use portable. Store waveforms into 4K records. Auto-
Discover the potential. With digital stor- mate measurements with optional GPIB
age you can freezewaveforms. Capture
events invisible to nonstorage scopes.
Find signals buried in noise. And build a
library of reference waveforms.
Digital storage display accuracy
$4995 and RS-232-C interfaces. And output
direct to a printer or plotter.
Tek software is available to help you
make the most of the 2230, 2221 and 2220
in system configurations.
enhances your confidence in Call Tek for a free video
measurements. And all you Features 2230 e NEW! 2221 2220 brochure or to place an
have to do is push a button Analog/Digital Storage BW 100 MHz 60 MHz 60 MHz order.
for real-time display analysis. Maximum Sampling Speed 20 MS/s 20 MS/s 20 MS/s Ask about free digital
Compare the 2230, 2221 Record Length 4K11K 4K 4K
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and 2220 to each other- (selectabl e) and educational materials.
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measurement cursors. For -Ve
- rt-ic-a-I -R-es-o-Iu-ti-on
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bits - - -- 8- bits
-- labor, parts and CRT.
even more performance and 10 bits 10 bits
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waveform sets. And if it's Yes ($750) Yes ($500) Yes ($500)
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economy you want, choose
Battery-Backed Memory Yes (inc with No No
the 60 MHz 2220 with many (save 26 waveform sets) GPIB/
of the same features at an RS-232-C)
even lower cost. Price $4995 $3995 $2995

COMMITTED TO EXCELLENCE
CIRCLE 92 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
Prices subject to chan ge without notice .
Copyr ight @1987, Tektronix. Inc . Al l right s reserved . TXA-795E-1
July1988 Iii I -
EIRDlrllliDS., Vol. 59 No .7

BUILD THIS
41 LIC METER . BUilD UHE·CAARIER MODEMS .-
kH coble ·'", compvttt W.tfC)d~ Po9-.,
Bu ild an auto -ranging digital inductance/capacitance meter.
Neil W. Heckt

46 RADIO-ELECTRONICS ADVANCED CONTROL SYSTEM

Part 6. Put REACTS to work in the real world.
H. Edward Roberts, M.D.

51 RADIATION MONITOR
CD CLASSROOM
Part 2. How to use the Radalet radiation monitor. Add i~ CfrytKSmic AftMme vltry
Joe Jaffe, Dan Sythe, and Steve Weiss
A lOOK AT CcBIT

57 GENERAL-P~RPOSEINTERFACE BUS
An instrument bus primer. PAGE 83
Vaughn D. Martin
D~O 0

TECHNOLOGY GENERAL
P URPOSE
INTERFACE ~?'-5
;:;;-.;.....~:=
~?t~
_

61 WORKING IWTH OTA'S Bus ~-:.:~

The LM 1360 operational transconductance amplifier. ::~~~~
Ray Marston - .... E'::=-O::

COMPUTERS
87 BUILD LINE-CARRIER MODEMS
Get cab le-free computer interfaci ng.
Keith Nichols

93 BUILD THE PT-68K PAGE 57

Add ing dynamic RAM circuitry.
Peter A. Stark

DEPARTMENTS
118 Advertising and Sales
6 VIDEO NEWS 74 AUDIO UPDATE
Offices
W hat's new in th is fast Record-player problems.
changing fie ld. Larry Klein 118 Advertising Index
David Lachenbruch 76 DRAWING BOARD 12 Ask R·E
22 EQUIPMENT REPORTS Clock, I/O, and BIOS.
119 Free Information Card
Philips ECG RCT7501 Robert Grossblatt
remote-control tester. 14 Letters
80 ANTIQUE RADIOS
34 NEW IDEAS Classic auto radios. 101 Market Center
Finger-tip Olympics. Richard D. Fitch
26 New Products
<-
69 HARDWARE HACKER c
66 PC Service ~
Making PC-board layouts . ~

Don Lancaster 4 What's News <.D

ce
co
 ON THE COVER
Hugo Gernsback (1884·1967) founder
M. Harvey Gernsback .
Just about everyone into elec- editor-in-chlef, emeritus
tronics-from the hobbyist to the
larry Steckler, EHF, CET.
engineer-has a vast collection of editor-in-chlef and publisher
unknown parts; or parts whose pre-
cise tolerance isn't known . The fact EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT
of the matter is that if you need an Art Kleiman, editor ial director
oddball or precise value of anything Brian C. Fenton, editor
Carl laron. WB2SLR. associate ed itor
it's probably in that collection. Even
JeHrey K. Holtzman,
if the part you need is a precision computer editor
, GE.~;U-R1'OS£ capacitororinductorourautoranging Marc Spiwak, associate ed itor

,........
I
INT£IlfACl:BUS
f OWlU"1tQUtNlKl

fJ~~K ,..,.~~
digital LC Meter will find the correct
part almost as fast as you can snap
Jonathan A. Gordon.
assistant technical editor
OTA CUlCum
an unknown value into the meter's Teri Scaduto, assistant editor
- binding-posts. - - - - - - - - - - Robert A. Yo ung, assistant editor
For inductors the range is 0.01 I-lH Julian S. Martin, editorial associate
Byron G. Wels, editorial associate
to 9,990 I-lH . For capacitors the
M. Harvey Gemsback,
range is 0 .1 pF to 99,990 pF. Worse- contribut ing editor
case accuracy is 3 % total, or better. Jack Darr, CET. service editor
Robert F. Scott,
sem iconductor editor
Herb Friedman,

COMING NEXT MONTH communications editor

Robert Gros.blatt, circuits editor
larry Klein, audio editor
David lachenbruch.
contributing editor
THE AUGUST ISSUE Don lancaster,
contribut ing editor
IS ON SALE Richard D. Fitch,
contributing editor
JULYS Kathy Campbell, editorial assistant

PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT
BUILD THE LISTEN-EAR Ruby M. Yee, production director
A su per-amplifi ed, sup er-versat ile microphone. Use it for long-range Robert A. W. lowndes,
editorial production
lis tening- o r use it to mon itor your heartbeat. Andre Duzant, technical illustrator
Karen Tucker, advertisingproduction
WIRELESS SPEAKERS Marcella Amoroso. production traffic
A n inf rared transmitter and receiver lets you hook up speakers without
w ires, or listen to lV w ith w ireless headphones. CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT
Jacqueline P . Cheeseboro.
circulation director
BUILD THE TELEGUARD-II Wendy Alanko,
Prevent unauthorized out-go ing calls w ith this easy-to-build project! circulation analyst
Theresa Lombardo,
circulation assistant
toMPUiEilD,GESi
Bui ld a Hemi-Sync Generator. Typography by Mates Graphics
Cover photo by Herb Friedman

As a service to readers . RAD IO~ELECTRON1CS publ ish es available pl ans or infonna ti on relating to newsworthy produ cts. Radio·Electronlcs is inde xe d in
techn iqu es and scientific and technologic al developm ent s. Bec ause of possibl e vari ances in th e quality and condi tion of Applied Sc ience & Technology Index
materia ls and workmansh ip used , by readers. RADIO·ELECTRONICS discl aims any respon sibility for t he safe and proper
fu nctioning of reader-bui lt proj ects based up on or from plan s or infonna t ion published in thi s mag azine. and Reeder» Guide to Periodical Ute,·
atu,e .
Since some of th e equipment and circu itry describ ed in RADIO-E LECTRONICS may relate to or be covered by U.S. patent s.
RADIO-ELECTRONICS discl aims any liab ility for the infringement of such patent s by the making , using , or selli ng of any such Microfilm & Microfiche edition s are
en equipment or circuitry . and suggests that anyone int erest ed in suc h proj ects consul t a patent att orney. available. Cont act circu lation de part-
o ment for de tails .
Z RADIO·EL ECTRON ICS, (ISSN 0033-78621 July 1988. Pub lished monthly by Gemsback Publication s, Inc.. 5OO-B Bi-Co unty
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f-
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...J POSTMASTER: Please send address ch anges to RADIO-ELECTRONICS, Subsc rip tion Dept .. Box 55115, Bould er, CO
W 80321-5115.
6
o« A stamped self-address ed envelop e must accomp any all submitt ed manuscripts andlor artw ork or photographs if their return is
desired shou ld they be reject ed. We discl aim any respon sibi lity for th e loss or damage of manuscripts andlor artw ork or
a: photographs while in our possession or oth erwi se.

2
 4'h DIGIT RMS BENCH DMM WITH 0.05% VDC HIGH PERFORMANCE 3'h DIGIT BENCH
BASIC ACCURACY DMMlCAPAC ITANCE METER
SWEEP AND FUNCTION GENERATOR
COMBINED IN ONE CONVENIENT
The Model 2833 measures volts to lOOO VDC and VAC Measures voltage, resistance, curren t and capaci-
current to 20A DC and AC, resistance to 20 MO , dBm tance to 20 fLF. Audible continuity check and
INSTRUMENT
. from - 48dB to 62 .21dB. Measures frequency to 200k Hz. diode test. Model 2832. $175.00. Conta ct:
The high quality, cost-effective Mode l 3017 Audible continuity check, diode test. $33 0.00 . Contact: B&K-PRECISION, 647 0 W. Cortland St. ,
genera tes sine, triangle and square waveforms B&K-PRECISION, 64 70 W. Cortland St., Chicago, IL Chicago, IL 60635 . (312) 889-1448.
at frequ encies from 0.2Hz to 2.0MHz in seven 606 35. (312) 889-144 8.
ranges. Continuously adjustab le sweep width, CIRCLE 251 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD CIRCLE 250 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
loOO: I ratio has settable Hi/Lo range . Sweep
time is adjustable from 0.5 to 30 seconds. 'I' T L
and CMOS pulse output s and variable ampli-
tude output for added versatility. $319.00. Con-
tact: B&K-P RECISION , 647 0 W. Cortland St. ,
Chicago, IL 60635. (312) 889-1448.
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150 MHz RF SIGNAL GENERATOR

This signa l generator, Model 200 5, covers
100kHz to 150 MH z in six fundam ental band s
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terna l frequency counter. Amplitude modu lation
is continuously variable, 0-100 % of modul ation
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$195 .00. Contact: B&K-PRECISIO N ,
647 0 W. Cor tland si., Ch icago, IL 60635.
(312 ) 889 -1448.
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LOW-COST CALIBRATOR KEEPS

SCOPES ACCURATE
No need to send oscilloscopes out for calibration.
With the B&K-PRECISION Mode l 1400 you
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in test applications. $4 99.00. Contact:
B&K -PRECISIO N , 647 0 W. Cortland St. ,
Chicago, IL 6063 5. (312) 889 -1448.
CIRCLE 254 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

CONVERT ANALOG OSCILLOSCOPE

TO DIGITAL STORAGE AT A FRACTION
OF THE COST
Three simple cable connections can conver t
your analog scope to a digital storage oscillo-
scope. With the Mode l 2501 you can capt ure
sing le shot events, store and magnify waveforms
for analysis and review pre-trigg er inform ation at
0% , 50%, or 100 %. There is even a plotter out-
put so you can hard copy the wave-form. This
compact unit weighs less than 4 pounds and is
small enough to conveniently set on top of your
-cope. $795 .00 . Contact : B&K-PRECISION ,
64 70 W. Cor tland St. , Chicago, IL 60635.
(312) 889-144 8.
CIRCLE 255 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD CIRCLE 77 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD 3
 WHAT'sNEWS
Superconducting chips are now
on the way
General Electric scientists, Dr.
Antonio Mogro-Campero and Lar-
ry G. Turner, report successful op-
eration of a !' h igh-t em perat u re"
2.!:!Rerco nd uct ing film applie_d_t9_a_ _temp~ratU-Le5Uperconductorscan.;
silicon substrate at liquid-nitrogen
temperatures. There is great inter-
est in depositing superconductors
on silicon, because silicon is the
substrate for practically all the
world 's microchips. It is advan-
tageous to be able to deposit the
(f)
o the words of the EINCEG, "dra-
z
o
a:
o
w
....J
w Congressional opposition, the
a ELECTRON-BEAM EVAPORATION SYSTEM is being prepared to deposit a zirconia buffer
~ and superconducting film on silicon chips by co-developers Larry G. Turner and Dr.
a: Antonio Mogro-Campero.
4
new superconducting material on
the same familiar substrate.
The newyttrium-barium-copper
superconductors lose all resis-
tance at temperatures as high as
-310° Fahrenheit. Those high-
be cooled in relatively cheap nitro-
gen. Low-temperature supercon-
ductors have to be cooled in liquid
helium-a hundred times more
expensive to produce .
Silicon presented problems.
The components of the supercon-
ductor tended to mi x with those of
the substrate, contaminating the
superconductor material and de-
stroying the superconductivity.
GE scientists evaporated a zir-
conia buffer layer on the substrate
and.then evaporated the-super-
conducting film on top of it , effec-
tively isolating the superconduct-
ing material from the substrate. To
deposit the active materials, a layer
of copper was deposited first, then
barium, and then yttrium . The se-
quence was .repeated six times to
build up an 18-layer " stack" with a
total thickness of 0.6 to 0.7 micron .
No practical applications for the
new chips have yet been demon-
strated, but the developers see a
wide range of possibilities. The
use of superconductors on chips
might greatly reduce the time de-
lays in electronic circuits .
Databank access proposal
abandoned by FCC .
The FCC's decision to drop its
proposal to impose charges for ac-
cess to on-line data banks was ap-
plauded by the Consumer
Electronics Croup of the Electronic
Industries Association's (EINCEG)
in a recent news release.
The FCC had, in June 1987, issu-
ed a notice of proposed rule-mak-
ing that would have treated
modem-accessible database pro-
viders (for example, CompuServe)
as if they were common carriers. '
This would have increased costs
for both database providers and
database users, and would have, in
matically increased the cost of
using a home computer."
Bowing to strong industry and
FCC stated on March 16,1988that it
would withdraw its proposal for
the databa se access charge. R-E
It's likehaving your own Standards Engineer
with you at alltimes . CALL WA TS Free 1-800-843-333~
AUTO-Z is a trademark of Sencore , Inc. . In Canada Call1-80D-851-8866
CIRCLE 187 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
 VIDEO
NEWS
• Enforcing Macrovision. The VHS video-
recorder group has recognized Macrovision-in a
wB(f.
Macrovision is the process designed to keep
VCR's from making copies of copyrighted
prerecorded movie cassettes. A recording made
using the Macrovision process can fool the AGC
circuit of most VCR's into thinking it's a non-
standard signal, while not generally affecting the
AGC of most TV sets. It's estimated, however, that
Macrovision foils only about 75 percent of the
VCR's, and often causes distortion during
playback of even legitimate tapes. Also, the
system is relatively easy to defeat by using
reasonably inexpensive picture clarifying black
boxes, which have been widely available.
Now Macrovision Corp., with the cooperation of
the Motion Picture Association of America and
the Japanese VCR interests, has embarked on a
campaign to eliminate the capability of defeating
the system.
A little-known "recommendation" was sent out
last year by JVC, which holds the patents on the
VHS system, urging its licensees to adopt
standards on the response of the luminance-
signal AGC so that their products are unable to
copy Macrovision-treated tapes. It's understood
that all licensees except one have agreed to the
change.
At the same time, Macrovision began a legal
crackdown on the so-called "defeat boxes," filing
suit against manufacturers and threatening
distributors and retailers who carry them. They
are basing their suit on the grounds that its
patents cover methods of defeating the system as
well as the system itself. That aspect of
Macrovision's patents has not been tested in
court, but the company has achieved some
~ success in causing the "defeat boxes" to be
z removed from the market.
~ Behind the campaign is the Motion Picture
t5 Association of America, which has endorsed
~ Macrovision and given up its quest for anti-copy
6llJ legislation, presumably in exchange for
15 eliminating the existing technical loopholes in
-c
a: Macrovision's coverage.
6
• Digital VTR age. Digital recording has come
into the television industry with the deliveries of
digital videotape recorders to TV stations being
made by three broadcast-equipment
manufacturers-Ampex, Hitachi and Sony.
Although Sony has been delivering component
signal digital recorders (the so-called D-l type) to
teleproduction companies for some time, their
price has been close to $200,000 each, generally
beyond the reach of most TV stations.
Now the three companies have adopted the
Ampex-developed D-2 system which makes a
composite recording and sells for less than half
the price of the D-l. The D-2 system is expected to
replace the current "Type-C" analog VTR's as the
standard for broadcasting. The advantages of the
new D-2 machines are picture quality far beyond
that of any comparably priced unit to date and
the ability to make at least 20 generations of
copies with no noticeable deterioration.
• A "Foreign" Industry. The call for a "new"
American TV industry comes at a time when the
existing so-called "American" TV industry has
passed largely into foreign hands. Although more
than 20 manufacturers have television-assembly
plants in the United States, almost all of them are
Japanese, Korean, or European owned. With the
sale of RCAJGE Consumer Electronics to Thomson
of France, there is only one major TV
manufacturer still American owned-Zenith.
The picture-tube industry is also rapidly
becoming foreign-owned. Ten years ago, all
picture-tube manufacturers were American.
'I'oday, as in TV-receiver manufacturing, Zenith is
the only American-owned picture-tube
manufacturer left in North America. The others
are RCA (Thomas of France), Philips
( Nether lands), Sony (Japan), Toshiba-
Westinghouse ( 50 % Japanese ), Mitsubishi in
Canada (J apan), and Japan's Matsushita ready to
build new tube plant. Even the picture-tube glass
industry seems to be slipping into foreign hands.
One of the two major companies in that industry,
Owens-Illinois' TV glass operation, has sold half
of themselves to Nippon Electric Glass. R-E
 Professional Series
®

* Quality and Reliability *

The Professional Series of test instrum ents are characterized
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CLASSIC SIMPSON - ....~·THE PROFESSIONAL SERIES

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• Selectable Start/Stop Sweep Frequencies Mode l 422 $650.00
• Internal/External Reading Frequency Counter - Mo del 422

For information on:

712/713 circle 197 421/422 circle 270
-
~ Made in USA
SIMPSON ELECTRIC COMPANY
853 Dundee Avenue, Elgin, Illinois 60120-3090
(312) 697-2260· Telex 72-2416· FAX (312)697-2272
A CHIPPEWA NATION TRIBAL ENTERPRISE
 REASONS FOR
SELECTING CIE
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• CIEprovides printed job
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• Only CIEoffers an
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tronics Technician Exam . CLEVELAND INSTITUTE OF ELECTRONICS 1n6 East 17th Street • C leveland Ohio 44114
PHONE TOLL FREE 1-aOO-321-2155/ln Ohio 1-800-523-9109
 A CAREER IN ELECTRONICS STARTS WITH CIE.
or the last few years. the elec- p RACTICAL ERSONAUZED
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tries have been growing at an
Incredible pace. And today, a
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tute of Electronics who have landed computers In a way that working like. You can even earn an
high-paying positions with aero- with a single, stock computer Associate in Applied Science
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_
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ment of today and tomorrow. ARE-89 . . .

IBM VIDEO
I'm confused about the different
video cards and monitors that are
available for the IBM PC and com-
_patibles..Could .you.explain .whaUhe_horizontaLlines.on -the screen is to - -have to make sure that themonitor-
standard is for IBM video and tell me
which monitors go with which
cards. I've also heard that a color TV
can be used as a monitor; is that
so?-H.C.Y, Charleston, SC
The reason you 're confused is
that you're using the word "stan -
dard" when referring to IBM vid -
eo. It's not that there isn 't a
standard , the problem is that there
are several of them. When IBM en-
tered the home-computer market,
there were estab lished standards
for video, serial interfaces, disk
drives and formats , and other
computer peripherals . IBM, for
reasons only they understood, de -
cided to ignore all of them-in-
eluding the ones for video . , cept TTL-leve l signa ls for the red,
The techn ical data that you need
to understand the differences be-
tween the various types of IBM
video is summarized in Table 1.
Most video standards keep the
vertical frequency at 6D Hz to avoid
trouble from the powerline fre-
quency. If you paint frames on the
tube at a different rate, you stand a
good chance of having your TV
TABLe.. I
.z/H1 VlDE..O srAND4,R.J:>.s
V/DEJ::=> TYP~
Ma-DCII,RCW.e DI.SP.LA'IAfJAPJCR
CIJ
o HEji.CUJ..£S G.RA,q<fICS ,40APTE/<.
Z
o cacoe G..e4P# /CS ,Aa4prEJ<..
a:
I-
o a bird, such as the bald eagle , is
ill 6oVMVCCO GMIf",I/CS .ALJ,APTeR.
...J
ill
p ~ GRAPHICS ACiAPTE:..R.-
o
s« v/..o.a? ~Pt'lICS .A~ y
a:
12
beat against the line frequency
and having interference show up
on the screen. Given a fixed ver-
tical rate , the only way to get more
draw them faster-and more lines
per frame means more resolution
in the displayed image . It's simply
a matter of arithmetic.
I BM started out with a TTL
monochrome display that uses a
horizontal-scan rate of 18.432 kHz .
The display is denser and more at-
tractive than that of computers
that put out video at the NTSC
standard of 15.75 kHz, but you
need a monitor that cou ld lock at
that frequency. IBM introduced
the Color Graphics Adapter (CGA)
in response to the demand for
color and graphics. It uses the
NTSC video standard of 15.75 kHz,
but requires a monitor that can ac-
gre:en, and b lue video signals and
the resolution when working with
text is terrible. The 21.8-kHz scan
rate of the Extended Graphics
Adapter (EGA) delivers much bet-
ter reso lution for that type of ap-
plication; it, too, delivers TTL
signals . The new VGA standard
uses the higher rate of 31.5 kHz
(twice the NTSC color standard),
Ae~NYM co.<aA .scA}/~TE.
,MDA MO/VOd/ROM£. IcPI.32 ,,<Hz.
h'GA AlOAI::XW,.eO,41E.. 18 ?'3 Z ",liz
eGA 8 IS 7 5 0 JV!:z. cials
E..6A /b Z/800''<lfz.
PGC 256 30?f80,i<Hz.
YGA 256 3/.5CXJ,wz.
ASK R-E
Radio-Electronics
500-B Bi-County Blvd.
Farmingdale, NY 11 735
and generates 16 colors-you can
get a deep red, a pale pink, and
several shades in between.
Keeping all of that in mind, you
-
you buy can lock to the horizontal
scan frequency of the card you
own-if you drive a monitor with a
higher scan frequency than it can
handle you'll damage the monitor.
And there's no compatibility at all
between digital TTL and com-
posite (color TV) video . You can't
easily feed a regular TV with com-
puter video unless the output is
really elose to the NTSC standard
of 15.75 kHz . Some CGA cards
have compos ite video outputs that
can be fed to an RF modulator.
That's fine for graphics work , but
trying to do 8D-column word pro-
cessing on that type of setup is
only beneficial to your eye doctor.
DIRECTION-FINDER ANTENNA
I am trying to develop a transmit-
ter-locator system that does not re-
quire an antenna array and the
calculations that must be made
when determining the vector of a
transmitter. Perhaps you can suggest
a system similar to those used in
wildlife tracking.-G.P.R., Salt Lake
City, UT
The type of antenna system
most suitable for your transmitter-
locating project will depend
largely on the frequency and
power output of the transmitter,
and on the distance from the lo-
cator at the start of the search .
I have seen several " nat ure" spe-
on TV where a wild animal or
tracked as it roams its natu ral hab-
itat. In all the cases I've seen, the
tracker or trackers, used hand-
held Yagi antennas of four or five
e le me nts wi t h in c omin g s ig na l
(fro m t he t rans m itter o n th e b ird
o r anima l bein g t racked) be ing fe d
to a detecto r with a mete r as a sig -
nal-str en gth mete r.
And , j ust re cen tl y, a rea Bo y
Sco uts a nd Civil Air Patro l cadets
participate d in a t ra ini ng exe rcise
simulat ing t he location of a d own-
e d aircraft. In t hat case, th e e q uip-
m en t u se d by t he sco uts a nd
cadets to lo cate the "sce ne of t he
c ras h" was sim ilar to t hat used by
w ild life re se ar ch ers.
Fe rr ite-ro d and loop a nte n nas
ca n be used in dire ction-findin g .
Ham o pe rators ofte n use t he m fo r
close-i n work o n hidd en-transmi t-
te r hunts-often ca lled " Fox" o r
" Bunny Hunts". Co ns ult back is-
s ues of - QfJ7;-73 , a na Otlie r ama -
te u r- rad io m agazin e s for a rt icles
o n eq u ip me nt for dir ection find-
ing and hidd en-tr an sm itter hunts .
PA SPEAKER PLACEMENT
The new PA system in our church
has only two speake rs. Each is about
18 inc hes wide and about six feet
tal l. The enclos ures ar e mounted
PACESET
Smart sco~es,for frequent perfect
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/
could get better result s with the lon-
SOt/NO
COLUMN gest dimen sion running horizontally.
SPEAKER. The "sound expe rt" insisted that he
sYSTEM
was right and that the speakers-he
called them "so und co lumns"-are
always mounted with the lon g di-
men sion vertical. Is he correct?-
E.B., Green ville, NC
Yes, he is! So und co lumns a re
de sign ed for t heate rs, churches,
a renas, a n d a ud itori u ms w he re
t here is a need to cove r a lar ge area
w ith a minimum num ber of speak-
e rs. A so und co lumn usu ally co n-
sists of several co ne speake rs in a
FIG. 1
re ctan gul a r e nclosu re , as s hown
in Fi g. 1.
Mo st of th e e ne rgy fro m a so und
co lum n is rad iated in a highl y di-
rectional beam patt ern. Typica lly,
- -t he radiation pattern from -a sound
co lum n co ve rs abo ut 120° hor izon-
tally a nd 25° ve rt ica lly. Th e e n-
clos u res a re mounted so t hat any
mic ro ph on es a re be low t he high-
FIG. 2 e ne rgy po rtions of th e fan-sha pe d
so u nd d istribu tion patt ern , whil e
vertically high on the front wall, delivering e q ua l lou dn e ss to all Iis-
close to the side walls. I questioned te ners in t he room. That is illus-
the installer and suggested that we t rated in Fig . 2. R-E
II
setup! ~~~~~~tt~~ce
1M
Call Tek direct
for PaceSetter specs!
1-800-426-2200
Ftices stiljocl toc:tarJ,jev,;ltlOl1 oo1ice.
CWir'!tl Cl!1l8. 1El<1ronix. Ioc. All rigI1s reserved ITA !ffi.A
Te.ktron~ COMMITTEDTO EXCELLENCE
CIRCLE 182 ON FREE INFORMATION CAR[

LEITERS
ADDRESS CORRECTION
In " Ha rdware H ac ker " in t he
Apr il 1888 issu e of Radio-Elec-
tronics, we in adverten tl y p rin ted
th e w ro ng ad dress fo r Me l les
G r io t. Th e cor rect ad d ress i s
- M-eIIes-Grio t-;-225r Ru1l 1e ri o r a-
Road, Carls bad, CA 92008; p ho ne
(619) 438-2131.- Ed i to r
GOOD KNIGHT
Co nce rn ing t he art icle " Elec-
t ro n ic Kn ig ht hood" in t he A p ri l
1988·i ssue, we have since learn ed
th at o u r protot yp e kni gh t does not
match th e circuit t hat w as shown.
LEDl
Rl
150n
ICl 7 un w anted pul ses o n each lin e in to
3 555
'-------"-I
4 in vi deo, I bu ilt t he ci rc u it in Fig. 2
Cl
lOOI'-F
25V
Th e co rrec t ci rc uit is shown in
Fig. 1, and we apo logize to anyo ne
wh o may have had t ro ub le guar d-
in g t hei r castle .-Editor
MORE ON THE MACRO
~ SCRUBBER
z Wh en I b u ilt the Macro Scrub-
~ ber (Radio-Elect ronics, December
o 1987), it wou ld not work, d ue to t he
~ 14- f.1s w indow t hat perm itted some
w
o
o
C?
of th e M acro Visio n pul ses to pass.
Th e c i rc u it shown in Fig . 3 is a
qu ick, simp le solution I devised t o
14
! .~~..:.; ~ '. ~> .~ ' ~.:,
~., ,- ·; r ~ ,.,~~:r
; ·: : ;: ' 7 j'~ j
-r-V
lOOK
'1~:2.
- ~
.001 sss
I
FIG. 2
p reve nt a tota l re desig n and re-
b u ild of t he already-co nstruc te d
proj ect.
First I i ncreased t he osc il lato r
frequ enc y to 5.9 MHz. That nar-
rowe d t he wind ow to prevent any
Macro Vision p ulses f ro m passin g.
The un fortun ate result was slight,
th e vid eo co ming fro m IC4. To pr e-
vent th o se pul ses fr om show ing up
to gate o ut IC4's o utput du rin g t he
no rm al video lin es.
I used a 555 o ne-shot tri ggered
fro m IC6, pin 12 to "gate in " th e
out pt fro m IC4, pi ns 12 and 4, to
allow IC4 to be active o n ly fro m th e
start of serration pul ses to th e start
of p ict u re video. On e mo re gate
was used as an inverter in o rde r to
restore th e prop er logi c level to
IC7-b , pin 6.
Th e c irc u it u ses easy-to -fin d
parts t hat I already had, and w as
bu ilt o n a small bo ard th at w as sim-
p ly w ired in. Th e i nte nt of t he
modi fi cation was a quick and easy
answer to a prob lem . Th e result of
t he mod if ication t urns o ut to be
accepta b le-b ut n ot abso l ute ly
perfect -vid eo.
ROBERT MASLAK
Johnstown , PA
.::;; .n ..~ J; ' . ;. 1~
..
.!:r
LETTERS
~A OIO - £ L E C T,li O NIC S
500 -3 81- COuNTY 8011'-£ VARD
F A '<M I N G DA L £, NY 117.35
&I?EAK Of?IGlAlAL-
--TR.AC.i.. 7 -- 6 IC 7-6
-/- V
MACRO SCRUBBER UPDATE
I purchased the kit and built t he
" M acro Scrubbe r" ·that appeared
in th e December 1987 issue of Ra-
dio-Electronics. The project is very
go o d, and I'd like to share some
changes I made t o t he cir cuit w it h
othe r reader s.
The input is show n as not termi -
nated and th e input and output
levels shown in the article are mea-
sured w it h both inp ut and out p ut
un termin ated. That is not norm al
video pr acti ce. The input sho uld
be terminated in a 75-ohm resistor
add ed across ]1. That will th en
maintain th e usu al 1-vol t l evel
w he n th e unit is in serted into a
video syste m .
Resistor R24 is necessary and t he
ad j ust me nt is so me w hat critical.
With th e supp lied resistors and a1-
vo lt v id eo level m oni tored o n a
c p/
-Z2/:'-F
/ 6V
-.
FIG. 3
 t el evi si on-w aveform m onitor, a
qu ick d ark-t o-li ght sce ne tran si-
tion would ce rtain ly cause lin es in
the pi cture.
The DC level of th e rein serted
lin es12 to ts was abo ut40 IRE in my
un it. Th e co mpo ne nts all chec ked
OK and th e inp ut clamp was right
at 0.2 vo lts, as spec if ied in th e arti-
cle. Addin g a SOk potenti om eter
after R1 2, as show n in Fig. 3, let s
me trim th e level to match the vid-
eo sig nal.
W. BLAKE HAW KIN S
A tlanta, CA
MORE ON FREQUENCY
STANDARDS
It's di sapp ointin g wh en a usuall y
~fH o - d at e ma gazin e like Radio-
Electronics presents reader s witn
out -date d in form ation .
In yo u r April issue, t he autho r of
"TV-De rived Frequ en cy Stand ard"
assert s that th ere is a differen ce in
tim e-ba se accuracy between net-
work-ori ginated and lo call y- ori-
ginate d progr ammin g. That is no
longer true at any televi sion sta-
tion wi th w hic h I am acquainte d .
1JACE1EJ
100 MHz scope, counter, timer,
OMM-J' ust $2795 Theultra-versa.tile Tek2236
makes measunng everything
from frequency, periodandwidthto delaytimeand ~ time push-button easy-in
addition to CRTdisplay, you get digital readout display accurate to 0.001%and
beyond. PaceSetter performance on amodest budget?Look at the 100 MHz, dual-
traceTek2235withthe best of thebasics- just $1575!
The differen ce has di sapp eared
du e to t he eme rge nce of a box
called a fr am e sync hro n ize r. As
yo u kno w, a t el evi sion sig na l is
basically a serial-analog medium ,
w here pict u res are sent a line at a
tim e. In o rde r t o d o any kind of
video spec ia l effects-s uc h as a
di ssolvin g bet w een tw o p ictures
or supe r im pos i ng letter s ov er a
picture-all th e vid eo sou rces in -
v o l ve d mu st b e exac t ly sy n-
ch ro nized to o ne anoth er. Within
a statio n, th at is accompli shed by
f eedin g a ref eren ce sig nal .de -
velop ed in a master sync h ro nizing
gen erator to all equipm ent. The
probl em co mes in d ealing with
out- of-hou se so u rces-su ch as
wh en yo u need to su pe rim pose
yo ur stati on's cali -sign ove r a net-
w o rk spo rts progr am for a statio n
id entifi cati on. There is no way th at
all th e synch ro nizi ng information
from the network is go ing to be
tim ed to within a c o u p le of
nan o second s of y our hou se
so urces by pure co incide nce .
In th e old days, timin g was dealt
with by slaving th e stat io n's master
sync ge ne rato r to t he in comin g
network video-a pr ocess kn own
as "genlock. " There are pr obl em s
wit h t hat. O ne o bvio us im po s-
sibility is pr esented if yo u wa nt to
switc h betwee n netw o r k , lo cal
sources, and a rem ote t ruck. Th e
sync ge ne rato r can't be slaved to
both the network and th e rem ote
t ruc k at th e same tim e.
Ent er di git al e lect ro nics : A
f rame sync h ro nize r di gitizes an in -
co m ing video signal-often at t he
rate of 14 million analog-to -d igital
co nve rs io ns p er seco n d -a n d
sto res a f u ll fr ame's wo rt h of vid eo
in formati on in RAM mem or y. Th e
input clo ck is derived from in com -
in g video. The picture in RAM is
th en cloc ked out and reco nve rte d
to analo gvid eo l5yan outp ut cloc k
t hat is d erived fro m th e stat io n's
master sync gene rato r. Thu s, in-
stead of slaving th e statio n to th e
rem ote, w e have a w ay of convert-
in g a remote so urce into a lo cal
sig nal that can be manipulated like
any ot he r lo cal sig nal.
Th at, in cid entall y, is wh y pi c-
t ures somet imes start to lo se lip
RMANCE
Call Tekdirect
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1·800·426·2200
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 sync even o n a live b roadcas t-
eac h sync h ro nizer in t he sig na l
path intro du ces at least a o ne-thi r-
tiet h-of-a sec o n d d e lay. (So m e
sync hro nizers store the f ull fo u r
fie lds required fo r an NTSC co lo r
fra me, and introdu ce a to tal d elay
of o ne- f iftee nt h of a seco nd .) To
co m pe nsate fo r that small del ay,
aud io -de lay devices are availab le
that can be co nt ro lled by fram e
sync hro ni ze rs.
Frame sync hro nize rs are qui te
pr evalent in th e br o adcast indu s-
(J)
o Wh at finally bl ew my fu se was
Z Jeff Holtzm an's art icle on de skto p
o
a:
f0-
oLU
-l
LU
o standard) whi ch, combin ed with
is
-<
a:
16
CIRCLE 54 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
t ry. Th e NBC Ku-ba nd eart h-sta-
tio n package, by mean s of w hich
aff i l iates recei ve n etwork pro-
gram m ing , co mes co mp lete w it h
synchro nizers.
Since sync h ro nize rs are driven
by th e statio n's sync ge ne rat o r,
t he re is no lon ger a timin g dif-
fe rence bet w een lo cal and net-
work progr ammin g. Th e netw orks'
rub idium standa rd is not put di-
rectl y on t he air. FCC regul ati on s
require th at o u r 3.58 -M Hz os -
cill ator be within 10-Hz accu racy,
- p o r t s,- c ar t ri d g e- s-Io t-;-an d- 2-
and in p racti ce we try to main tain
mu ch close r to lerance than that.
Hop e thi s hel ps p ut to rest w hat
has now beco m e an o ld w ives'
tale.
JAMES BRODSKY
KBSY-TV
San Luis Obispo, CA
COMPUTER VARIETY
I don 't kn ow wh eth er to be mad
o r disappo inte d but I'm not goi ng
to let it slide any mo re! For ove r a
year I have owned an At ari 520ST
per sonal computer and I st ill can't
beli eve I got all th at machin e fo r
th e price. For $750.00 I got a 16-bit
computer with a number of stan-
dard features (51 2K RAM, DMA, se-
rial, parall el , and midi in and o ut
joysti ck/m ou se ports). Th e pri ce
also includes a RGB monitor, 3Y2"
di sk drive, and a mou se.
It's a Macintosh, but wi th a bi g-
ge r co lo r scree n and w ith quite
few more standard features-at a
fraction of th e cost. There is a car-
trid ge availabl e for the 520ST that
will let you run quite a bit of M ac-
intosh soft wa re . Th e di sk drive
uses th e same format as IBM , so
yo u can access IBM data fil es from
current ST progr ams such as Word
Perfect, dbMan (a dBase co py),
and VIP (an exact Lotus c lo ne)
without any modifi cation s. Attach
a current ly availabl e 5"%" drive and
a pro gram called PC Ditto-you
now have an IBM clone.
A large number of quality pro-
grams are now available for th e ST,
and th at number is grow ing daily.
Wh en yo u co mbine that with all
th e Ma c and IBM software yo u can
run o n it , o ne qu estion co mes to
mind : Wh y are peopl e flocking to
bu y IBM clon es? They mu st pay
seve n or eig ht hundred d oll ars
and up, and st i ll have to spe nd
mor e more more for addin g thin gs
that are all standard on th e ST.
M y co ncl usio n is not th at peopl e
are n arr ow-mind ed or br ain-
w ashed with IBM-they ju st d on 't
know abou t th e alte rnatives .
publi shin g (ComputerDigest, Feb-
ru ary 1988) whi ch failed to men-
tio n th e new M ega S1's (2 o r 4 meg
At ari 's own laser printer (und er
$3700.00 retail for both ), mak es an
exc elle nt and quite profession al Does that mean we 've been brain- from Atari the kind of technical de-
d eskt op publi sh er. Th e artic le washe d by IBM? No, it doesn 't. It tail that Mr. Stark presents wo uld
didn 't mention any of th e cu rrent means that, even tho ugh the re are be imp ossible.
desktop publi shin g progr ams for m an y sys te ms-including the Mr. Kana's description of the
t he 520ST and a dot matri x o r laser Atari-th at o n tec h n ica l m eri t 520ST's "compatibility" with both
printer. alone deserve coverage, in a world the Macintos h and the IBM PC
Th ere was t he same lack of in for- of limi ted resou rces (i.e. , time), fa m ily so unds fascinating, but
mation wh en I read of th e CD- one simply can't learn abo ut every again based on past experience,
ROM player for th e IBM . I beli eve sys tem on the market. we 're skeptical. Ove r the years we
it wa s around $1200.00--co mpared An other problem is that our sur- have seen ma ny p rodu cts that
to the $599.00 pri ce tag of Ata ri's, veys indicate that the vast majorit y claim magically to transform prod-
which has co m parable features. of readers (BO%) use MS-DOS sys- uct X into product Y, but se ldo m
There is a lot more in formati on tem s. It would not be fair to them , have we seen a truly sea m less ,
abo ut th e ST, but nobody seems to eve n if we had the expe rtise, to bug- free hybrid that imp osed no
know abo ut it and t hey are lo sing devote large amounts of space to p e rform an ce o r co nve n ie nce
o ut. D o es yo ur magazin e pur- othe r systems . p en al tie s. Ad ding a sim u lated
po sely not review Atari eq uip me nt On the oth er hand, we do try to Rolls Royce front end to a Vol-
for a parti cu lar reason, o r due to broaden our readers' horizons; kswagen Beet le simply does not
lack of knowled ge about it ? If a Peter Stark's series on the PT-6BK mak e the Beetle a Rolls.
review is what yo u need , I would sys tem is a case in poin t. It has As for deskt op publish ing, it
. - - - - - - - -proved- pop ular-with- a mell.but.: _
be-gl ad-to do it:- may be.true that Atari offers a bet-
CARL Ka NA vocal and dedicated group o f read- ter hardware platform , b ut that's
Birmingh am, MI ers, who want to build the comput- not the point. Can the Atari run
er; with other readers, who want to PageMaker or Ventura Publish er?
Mr. Kana has a legitim ate con- und er stand, b y co m pa ra tive If not, do truly comparable p ro-
cern, but there are several prob- m eans, their own non-6BOOO sys- grams exis t for the Atari?It's possi-
lem s with co vering Atari (and tems better ; and with ye t other ble, but unlikely. It's a fact that
o th er)system s. First is that the edi - readers, who sim ply want to learn A tari has n e ver p en e trated the
tors grew up on CP/M systems and about other sys tem design s. Based U.S. b usiness marke t (Europe is
later moved to MS-DOS syste ms . on p as t expe rie nce, ob taining continue d on page 31

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18
.start
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er. You buildand test the "intelligent"
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plyand 360K5114" floppy disk
-e,and interfacethe high-
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It all addsup to confidence-building, real-world experience
t includes training inprogramming, circuit design,and
ipheral maintenance. You'll be learningabout,working
1, servicing, and troubleshooting an entirecomputer
system-monitor,
.-.'9.....".."...... keyboard,
computer, disk
drive,power
_
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NRI Discovery Lab to design and modify clr-
allthe essential skills you need cults· Four·functlon digital multi meter with
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computerservicetechnician. keyboard circuits· Sanyo 880 Saries com-
puter with "intelligent" keyboard and 380K,
No Experience Needed, 5'/. ' floppy disk drive· 20 megabyte hard
disk drive you Install intemally • High·
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Nil luild It In 256K RAM. Bundled soflware • Reference
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Thisisthe kind of practical,
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it allwith NRI at-hometraining.
Free IOo-Page Catalog lells More
Send the postage-paid reply card today for NRI's big,
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~!!!:;U~~~I~~~nler
3939Wisconsin Avenue, NW, Washingt on, DC 20016
~~'!~
I.nl.
[E' CHECK ONE FREE CATALOG ONLY
D Computer Electronics D Bookkeeping & Accounting
D TVNideo/Audio Servicing D Electrician
D Robotics D Air Conditioning, Heating & Ref.
D Electronic Music Technology D Locksmithing & Electronic Security
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c....
Name (Please print) Age c
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Street

21
 EQUIPMENT REPORTS
Philips fCC RCT7501
Remote Control Tester
A simple way to test your
remote-control transmitters
CIRCLE 25 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
TV SERVICE TECH-
EVEN IF YOU AREN 'T A
nician, we're sure that there have
been times when you wished for
some way to test a remote-control
transmitter. Since humans can't
see the infrared light , and can 't
hear the ultrasonic signals emitted
from such transmitters, trou-
bleshooting remote controls sys-
tems has been a guessing game.
The odds of winning, of course,
are not in your favor.
We recently found a way to in-
crease your odds at winning the
remote-control guessing game: a
new remote-control transmitter
tester, the model RCT7501 from
Philips ECG , Inc. (1025 West-
minster Drive, P.O. Box 3277,
Wi II iamsport, PA 17701). The
RCT7501 can be used to test both
ultrasonic and infrared remote
controls. . further testing of the remote, a
We tested the RCT7501 with a
~ good assortment of transmitters,
z including TV, cable, compact-disc,
~ stereo, VCR, satellite TV, and even
G computer-keyboard remotes . The
~ tester had no problems detecting
6 signals from any of those transmit-
(5 ters, and no false triggering was
~ noted.
22
- l ED's are on the front panel, and -
The simpler the better
The RCT7501 is one of the sim-
plest of test instrurnents. Its
circuitry consists of an infrared de-
tector, an ultrasonic transducer,
amplifying transistors, and a pulse
stretcher. The only control is a
power switch. When the detectors
sense infrared or ultrasonic sig-
nals, a green TEST LED lights, and
remains lighted for about1 second
after the signals cease.
No test instrument could be
. easier to use for go/no-go tests.
Simply turn the tester on, and aim
the suspected transmitter at it.
When you press a key on the trans-
mitter, you should see the green
LED light. If all the other transmit-
ter keys also give positive results ,
you should assume that the re-
ceiver is at fault. If you need to do
SCOPE/COUNTER test jack is pro-
vided on the side of the tester. (A
cable is included.) That lets you
view the received signals on an os-
cilloscope or measure the fre-
quencies on a meter. If you know
what signals you should expect,
that feature can be an invaluable
troubleshooting aid. A sample I-R
test signal is shown in Fig. 1.
The tester is a perfect example
of what a shi rt-pocket tester
should be. It's about 4Y2 inches
long, a little more than an inch
wide, and about % inch thick. The
power switch is located on one
side, opposite the SCOPE/COUNTER
jack. The red POWER and green TEST
the infrared and ultrasonic detec-
tors are on the top end.
The RCT7501 remote-control
tester is available from Philips ECG
for $49.95. (Call 1-800-225-8326 for
their distributor nearest you.) We
were impressed by the sensible,
rugged tester and recommend it
highly.
Another tester
As we were finishing our review
of th e Ph iii ps ECG RCT7501 ,
remote-control tester, we got a
chance to evaluate a similar tester
from Cableserv Electronics (18 Du-
fflaw Road, Toronto, Ontario, Can-
ada M6A 1C8). Their tester, the
Celtron-1, is shown in Fig. 2. It
works similarly to the Philips unit:
You simply turn it on, and aim a
remote transmitter at it. If the
transmitter is outputting infrared
or ultrasonic signals, a green LED
will light. The Celtron-1 includes
an output jack for connection to a
frequency counter or os-
cilloscope. No cable , however, is
supplied with the tester.
. The Celtron-1 offers a couple of
FIG.l
 A remar"able I/a/ue
~~~~--TV

'lIIlo:o_ -
SYNC FILTER

DELAYEDAND
SINGLE SWEEP MODES
-4999 5
Wide bandwidth and exceptional 1mVJOIV sensitivity make the
Model 3500 a powerfuldiagnostic tool forengineersortechnicians
at a remarkable price. Delayed triggering allows anyportion of
a waveformto be isolated andexpanded for closer inspection.
Variable Holden allows stable viewing of complex waveforms.

EXCEPTIONALLY BRIGHT 5" CRT

~!+-- X-Y OPERATION .

MODEL 2000
DMM·300 $389.95
3.5 DIGIT DMMIMULTITESTER 20 MH z DUAL TRACE
This full functio n 3.5 digit DMM otte rs highly accurate OSC ILLOSC OPE
performance and a host of added feat ures like audible Model 2000 makes frequency
continuity, capacitance. transistor,temperature, and con- calculation andphasemeasurement
ductance to help you do the job- fast. Temperature probe. quick andeasy. Thecomponent tester
test leads and battery included. aidsin fast troubleshooting. Service
technicians appreciate the TV Sync
* Basic DC accuracy: plus/minus 0.25% circuits for viewing TV-V and TV-H
* DC voltage : 200 mv- 1000V. 5 ranges and accurate synchronization of
* AC voltage: 200mv-7S0V. 5 ranges thevideo signal, Blanking , VITS, and
* Aesistance: 200 ohms-20M ohms. 6 ranges V/H sync pulses.
* Capac ilance : 2000pf -20 fl !. 3 ranges
* Transistor Tester: OO-2000<lF • Exceptionally bright 5 ~ CRT
* Conductance : 200n5 • Built-incomponent tester
* Fully overload protec ted • TV Syncfiller
* Input impedance: 10M ohm . • X-Yoperation *110/220 volts

DMM·l00 DMM·200 $49.95

3.5 DIGIT PO CKET SIZE DMM
3.5 DIGIT FULL FUN CTION DMM
Perfect for the field service technician. Shirt pocket size
without compromising features or accuracy. Large, easy Get highly accurateperformance at a very affordable price.
to read '/,,- LCD display. Fully overload protected for satety. Augged construction, 20 amp current capab ility and 22
2000 hour battery life with standard sv cell. Probes and ranges make it a perfect choice for serious field or bench
batte ry included . work . Low batte ry indicator and tilt-stand . Probesand 2000
hour battery included.
• Basic DC, accuracy: plus/minus 0.5%
* DC volta ge : 2v- 1000v. 4 ranges * Basic DC accuracy: plus or minus 0.25%
* AC voltage : 200v -7S0v. 2 ranges * DC voltage : 200mv- 1000V. 5 ranges
• Resistance: 2k ohms-2M ohms, 4 ranges * AC voltag e: 200mv- 7S0V. 5 ranges
* DC curre nt: 2mA-2A. 4 ranges * Resistance: 200 ohms-20M ohms, 6 ranges
* Input impeda nce : 10M ohm • AC,DC current : 200flA-20A. 6 range s
* Fully over load protected • Input impedance : 10M ohm
* Approx . 5" x 3" x 1-. Under? ozs. Fulty overload protected
Approx. 7" x 3'1,,- x 1'1.1". Wt. 11ozs.

DPM·l000
3.5 DIGIT PR OBE TYPE DMM
Custom 80 pin LSI chip provides acc uracy and reliability in
such a compact size . Autoranging. audible continuity and
data hold fealur e help you pinpo int the problem quickly.
* iii! YEAR REPlACEMENT WARRANTY
Case and batteries included.
* 30 DAYMONEYBACK GUARANTEE
.. Basic DC accuracy: plus/minus 1%
• DC voltage: 2v-SOOv. auto ranging
AC voltage : 2v-SOOv, auto ranging
* TOLL FREE TECHNICAL SUPPORT
• ReSistance: 2k ohms-2M ohms, autoranqmq
rotected * NEXTDAYAIRSHIPAVAILABLE
CIRCLE 59 ON
e: 11Mohm
-. nder30ZS.

EARN YOUR \,;,'V
e
B.S.E. E. \
DEGREE
THROUGH HOME STUDY
Our New and Highly Effective Advanced-Place-
ment Program for experienced Electronic Tech-
nicians grants credit for previous Schooling and
Professional Experience, and can greatly reo
duce the time required to complete Program and
reach graduation. No residenc e sc hooling re-
quired for qualified Electr onic Technicians.
Through this Special Program you can pull all of
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Over 40 Years ! Write for free Descriptive lit-
erature .
feature s t hat the Philips unit does
not. First , a piezoel ectric trans- Try the
ducer beeps to indicate the receipt
of a sig nal, so yo u don 't even have lad. -
to look at th e tester to know that
yo u r transmitter is workin g. Al so ,
Ilealranias
yo u cann ot forget to turn th e unit bulletin board
off. In fact , there is no off switch- system
(RE-BBS)
516-293-2283
The more you use it the more
useful it becomes.
We support 300 and 1200 baud
operation.
Parameters: 8N1 (8 data bits, no
parity, 1 stop bit) or 7E1 (7 data
CIRCLE 26 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
bits, even parity, 1 stop bit).
FIG. 2 Add yourself to our user files to
increase your access.
the Celtron -1 turns itself off after
Communicate with other R-E
about 30 seco nd s. readers.
While we liked the added fea-
tures and the slightly better sen- Leave your comments on R-E with
sitivity of the Celtron-1 , we did not the SYSOP.
feel that it was constructed nearly
as well as the Philips ECG unit. The RE-BBS
Celtron 1 is available for $89. R-E 516-293-2283

Prototyping Made Easy. In The Quantities You Require.

Your Electronic Specialty Products
distributor has a wide selection of 3M
breadboards and prototyplng labs In
the quantities and styles you desire.
We invented solderless breadboarding with
one thought in mind: " make it fast and easy!"
And we build these products with American
made reliability.
Whetheryour requirementsdemand 3M's
A· C· E 100 Seriessolderlessbreadboards or
Poweraceprototyping labs with self-contained
power supplies, or our newestPowerace labs
with removable boards, you'll find what
you need at your authorized 3M Electronic
Specialty Products distributor.
For educators, students, hobbyists and
even professional designers, 3M prototyping
products make circuit building and testing fun
and easy. And whether you need one bread-
board or a hundred, we've got them packaged
as you need them.
Your Electronic Specialty Products distribu-
tor also has all the prototyping tools you'll need.
Tools such as jumper wires, adaptor pins and
patch cords.
For the name of your nearest3M A· C· E
Board and Poweracedistributor, call toll free
800-321-9668 or (216) 354-2101 in Ohio.
Electronic Specialty Products
3M Electronic Products Division
9325 Progress Parkway
Mentor, Ohio 44060
We've Packaged Our Solutions.

CIRCLE 76 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

 - TROUSlESHOOnNG AND
REPAIRING THE NEW

PERSONAL SELECT 5 BOOKS

COMPUTERS
"'" for only $3. 9 5
(values to $130.70)
26 17 517 .95
and get a Free Gift!

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HandbDDk:.

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2925 $15.95
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all at up to 50 % off publishers' prices THE MASTER

Membership Benefits • Big Savings. In addition to this introductory HANDBOOK OF
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News Bulletins. 14 times per year you will receive the Book Club News, describ-
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especially selected by our Editorial Board.
AU books are hardcoYer unless numbers are foltowed by a "P" for paperbac k. (Pubtishers' Prices Shown )
Cl 1988 ELECTRONICS SOOK CLUS ", Slue RKjge 5<Jmmtt . PA 17294-00 10
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FREE when you join!

Reference Guide to Electronics
Manufacturers' Publications (a $6.95
A time- and money-saving list value!)
of product literature form all
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•..•....••••.•..............•.....••
~ ~LtLTR[]I~ULSB[][]r1 ~LlJB@
2707 526 .95
2724 524.9 5 Counts as 2

\JJ!/ Blue Ridge Summit, PA 17294·0810

Please accept my membership in the Electronic s Book Club'" and send the 5 volumes listed
below. plu s my FREE copy of Reference Guide to Electronics Menufacturers ' Publications
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purchas e at least 3 books at regular Club prices (plus shipping and handling) during the next
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1977 526 .95

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in U.S. currency. This order subject to acceptance by the Electronics Book Club- ,
Signature of parent or guard ian required for a/I new members under 18 years of age.
_

Valid for new members only . Foreign appli cants will receive specia l ordering instructions. Canad a must remit • <0
ce
co
2853 523 .95 1532P 514 .95 ..............•............•.•.•.....•••••....... RE -788 :
286 1 514.9 5 2731 521 .9 5
25
 NEW PRODUCTS
CIRClE 10 ON FREE INFORM ATION CARD
WEATHER-STATION SOFTWARE .
Wh en w e re viewed t he PC
Weather Pro (" Eq u i p me nt Re-
p orts," Radio-Electroni cs, M ar ch
1988), w e m enti on ed th at Tech-
nol o gy M arketin g In c. was pl an-
ning to in t rodu ce a too l and uti lity
kit. Their new PC Weathe r Toolk it,
as it turn s o ut, does all t hat we'd
hoped it wo uld .
It lin ks data gathe red by t he PC-
based w eath er statio n w it h such
popu lar p ro gr am s as Lo t us 1-2-3
and Borla nd 's Reflex database. PC
Weath er Tool also gene rates fil es
in sfan da rd for ma ts- D I F (Da ta
In ter chan ge Fo rm at) and ASCII-
t hat are readabl e by ot her softwa re
p rod ucts, suc h as dBASE III.
~ PC Weat he r Pro mo nitors and
z sto res d ata on ba ro metric pres-
~ sure, rainfall , in sid e and outside
:.) te mpe rat u res, and win d-c hi ll tem -
:llJ per atu re. Now, usin g PC Weathe r
:) Toolkit, th at data can span any t ime
:sIL-f rame spec if ied by th e user. O nce
<l:
!6
lin ked to a speci fic softwa re p ro-
gram like Lotus 1-2-3, fil es can be
d ispl ayed i n any g rap h ic f orm at
t hat happ en s to be suppo rte d by
th at p rog ram . Al so incl ude d is a
ut ili ty cal led Fil e Link Softwa re,
w h ic h e na b les d at a fro m PC
Weathe r Pro to be read into varia-
b les in pr ogr ams w ritten in Turbo
C, 8088/86 asse m b ly lan gu age ,
Turbo Pasca l, o r BASIClGW BASIC.
Usin g t hat ut ility, a vari abl e suc h as ·
"wi ndspee d" can be auto mat ically
updated every minute.
The pack age also inclu des util-
iti es fo r ed it i ng, m er gin g , and
tra nslating weat he r-data fi les, d oc-
umentatio n software, and File Lin k
Software fo r one lan gu age, se-
lected by t he user. PC Weat he r
To olk i t is p riced at $150.00; File
Lin k software for add it io nal sup-
ported lang uages is availab le fo r
$50.00.- TM I, Inqui ries M anager,
4000 Kru se Way Place, Bldg . 2,
Sui te12 0, Lake Oswego, O R97035.
LOGIC MONITOR. Th e m od el
A R-80LM's custo m-IC design auto-
maticall y detect s both power and
gro und pin s. M onitor usage is a
sim p le, c1 i p- o n-a nd -v iew o pe ra-
ti on . Both TTL and CMO S lo gic
levels are also detected automat-
icall y by the Logic Monitor.
CIRClE 11 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
Th e unit will indi cate a lo gi c-
hi gh , lo gic-l ow, and pu lsin g in-
pu t s. For pul ses w it h rep etition
rates over eig ht H ertz, th e unit
f lashes th e LED at an 8-Hz rate .
Pulses up to 40 M Hz can be d e-
tec te d .
The A R-80LM logic monitor sells
fo r a sugges te d pri ce of $79.00,
whi ch incl ude s a sto rage case and
an o pe rato r's manual.-ARI Media,
9241 E. Vall ey Boul evard , Suite 201 ,
Ro sem ead , CA 91770 .
GANG/SET PROGRAMMER. Logical
D e vi c e s, In c . an no u nces t he
Hu sky, a fast devi ce prog ram m me r
that uses t hat co m pany's " Inte l-
legen t " an d "Q uick Pul se " al-
go rit hms to p ro gram up t o fo u r 1-
-----l
megab it EPROM's, mo st in less
th an three m inutes. Th e Hu sk y
 co de s-a lso pr o gr amm abl e by includ in g two modul ar co nnec to rs
means of an in tern al swi tc h-al- fo r easy installation .-Serrett Sys-
low aut ho rized per son s th e opti o n tems, P. O . Box 728, Rye, NY 10580.
of overrid ing t he call restr ict ion; a
special circu it p revents any fraud- MINIATURE DMM . Beck ma n In-
ule nt entries. d us t r ia l's c re d it -ca r d -siz e d
A sing le TL-16 can co nt ro l any Ci rcui tmate DM79 feat u res auto -
num be r of te lep ho nes o n t he mati c sh ut -off an d auto-rang i ng .
same lin e. O t he r feat ures in clud e It s many f unctio ns incl ude 5 DC-
mu lt icol or LED stat us indi cators, vo lt, 4 AC-vo lt, and six resistance
CIRClE 12 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
DTMF and pul se o pe rat io n, and ranges, in addit io n to co nt in uity
non -vol atil e mem ory. Th e FCC- and di od e chec ks. A special 320
regi ster ed Telelo ck TL-16, has a millivol t range offe rs ver y hi gh in-
uses an ul tra- ef fi ci ent sw itchi ng suggested retai l price of $149.95, pu t impeden ce (> 100 M egohm s)
pow er su p p ly to minim iz e t he
power load o n th e Pc.
Th e fou r 32-pi n ze ro -inse rtio n
fo rce (ZI F) soc kets suppo rt gang
p rogramming and seq ue ntial set
p ro grammin g of up t o fo ur 24-,
- 28 -, o r 3L- p inEElEP ROtvf'sD IP's-.- -
W ith optio na l ada pto r soc kets,
Hu sky suppo rts sing le-chip micro-
co m p u te rs, CMO S EPLD's, an d
ot he r d evices in PLCCl PGA pack-
ages . Hu sky acce pts In t el h ex ,
Motorola hex, ASCI I hex, o r bin ary
fo rmats. As a softw are-d rive n pro-
gram me r, Hu sky can be und er cur-
so r o r m ou se co n t ro l , a n d
suppo rts DO S-level file manipula-
ti on and d i rectory ut il it ies. It is
pri ced at $595.00, incl ud ing th e
IBM PC i nte rface . A n ad d it io na l
IBM PC in terface is availab le for
$99.00, PAL adapte r fo r $75.00, and
th e si ng le -c h ip m ic ro compu t er
ada pte r costs $125.00.- Lo gi cal
Devices, Inc., 1321 N .W. 65th Place,
Fort Lauderd ale, FL 33309.

PHONE CALL RESTRICTOR. Th e

Telelo ck TL-16 fro m Serret Systems
p reven t s the un auth orized use of
te lep ho ne and/or data co m mun i-
catio ns eq uipme nt. The user has
th e o pt io n of rest ricting all outgo-
ing ca ll s, o r o n ly lon g d ist an ce,
Operator, or s p e c i f i c prefix-
num ber calls . Restri cti on overr ide
is pe rfo rme d by entering a user-
progr amm abl e, t hree- o r four-di g-
it access co de via the te lepho ne
dia l o r keypad. Th e save and relo ck
send tor FREE 480 page "Industrial
ProductsCatalog".Iundersta nd ij isFREE
with any order or ij requested an
company letterhead. (Otherwise. $4.95
ta CCNer catalog and shippingcosts.)
ORDER TOll FREE
1·800·323·5925
I
r.
IN IWNOIS
312·297·4200
I OUr 40th Yea r Name

CIRClE 13 O N FREE INFORMATION CARD

L.J~~~~! -- Stat.
 REVOLUTIONARY MUL TlMETER I I I I I
THAT READS 4 VOLTAGES AT THE SAME TIME
CAN ALSO DISPLAY 3 VOLTAG ES AND 1 CURRENT AT THE SAME TIME WITH MAN Y OTHER
COMB INAT IONS AVAILABL E INCLUDING OUR 4'h DIGIT ANALOG BARGRAPH DISPLAY
MEASURE 4 VOLTA GES 2 VOLTA GES
AT THE SAME TIME WITH 4% DIGIT DISPLAYS
3% DIGIT DISPLAYS [ 1 . '3'3 '3'3 1) ]
1 . '3'3'3 I.} 1. '3'3'31.) 1 • '::I'~ '3'3~J
1 . '3 '3 '~ I.} 1. '3 '3'~I.) - .
EAC H DISPLAY IS INDI VID UA LL Y ALL FUNCTIONS
.. ROG ..... IIIl... .... L l FOft:
RE LA T IVE Rt:ff.Rf. NCIE ( 100" F UL L SeA l lE)
ALL AUTORANGING
_
HO L D, NU...L O R AVTO .. AH GI HG.

~ji~~~~~I.
cc "' TIVf. MO D E S U SIN G SE T P'O I H T S
WIT H AUO 'ILE l N OIC ATIO H (llEPIER,
VOLTAGE # 1
OTHER FEATURe S
• CO LOR CO o EO INPUTS TO AVOID CONFUSIO N
III •_ VOLTAGE # 2
* CONTI NUI TY BEEPER ON RESIST ANC'E C HECIl;
* ONE YEAR PARTS· • _ VOLTAGE # 3
• L AB O UA W AR AAN TY
* STILL MA NY " ORE f EAT URES
F~:;:;:'+;:=::i-:::"'. . _

-
CURRENT _ VOLTAGE # 4 _ - __ CIRCLE 14 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

RESISTAN CE 1""- CO MMON A~SZE'~T~g~~EC~~G

MO DEL MM100 PANORAMIC RESOLUTION

Appr Olt. Size
1" x4")(1 ' /,,'
191. 9 9 ll .llll
IJ r' IU ul)

OUR DIGITAL CAPACITANCE METER co THIS?

FULL 4 DIGIT 0.5 INCH LCD DISPLAY COMPLETELY AUTORANGING WITH 10 RANGE MA NUAL CAPABILITY VCR IDLER TIRES KIT. Until re-
cently, a worn -out rubber tire in a.
AND THIS AND THIS VCR's idler assembly, clutch and
RANGE OF 0.0 pF to 1 FA RAD (999.9 mF) IDENTIFIES TRANSISTORS (NPN, PNP)
0.5% BASIC ACCURACY UP TO 100 uF AND THEIR LEADS (E, B, C, ETC.) pull ey assembli es, o r take-up as-
AND THIS NO THIS sem b lies necessitated repl acin g
READS DIELECTRIC ABSORPTION TESTS ZEN ER DIODES AND RECTIFIERS.
AND THIS UP TO 20V ZENER W ITH AC ADAPTOR, th e ent ire assemb ly. Now, Part s Ex-
ZENER VOLTAGE WITH 9V BATTERY
EXTENDED PSEUDO 5 DIGIT
RESOLUTION ON SOME RANGES ONLY DEPENDS ON ITS CON DITION p ress is offe ri ng a co mp rehe nsive
AND THIS AND THIS
AUTOMATiCALLY CALCULATES LENGTHS
AB ILIT Y TO ZERO LARGE CAPACITANCE
VALUES UP TO 99.99 uF OF CABLES IN FEET, METRES, MILES, e~~ _ v,,;,.
'0<.",.. ....,.....

AND THIS
KILOMETRES (THEORETICAL RANGE
OF 9,999 MILES)
-- --
CALCULATES TRUE CA PACITANC E
IF CAPACI TOR IS LEAKY
AND THIS
ABILITY TO SORT CA PACITORS IN
AND THIS MAN Y DIF FERENT MODES
DIODE CLAMP A ND FUSED
PROTECTED INPUT.
AND THIS
DISCHARGE RESISTOR IN OFF ABILlT'( TO READ LEA KY CAPACITAN CE
POSITION AT TERMINAL IN PUTS. AND THIS
POW ERED BY 9V BATI ERY HOLD FUNCTION FREEZES DISPLAY
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MC300 $ 189.95
LABOUR WARRANTY
I!)a division of Bergeron Technologies Inc.
935 THE Q UEE NSWAY, BO X 641
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- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - lr'S.FUNOS - - - - - - - - each of 15 di ff erent sizes. The kit
[ ) (QTY) M M100 (INCLUD ES 1 RED A ND 1 BL AC K TE ST LE ADS AND MANUAL) S2 D9 .Q5 $ _ includ es a cros s- refe re nce ch art
T O AVOID CON FUS IO N IN READI NG MAN Y VOLTAG ES AT O NC E WE H IGH LY RECO M M EN D ON E
O F THE FO LL OWIN G SETS WHI CH ARE MAT CHED T O THE CO LO R CO DED INPUTS O F THE MM 100
li sti ng ove r 80 m anu facturer as-
I I Tl220 SET OF 6 COLO R CO A TED LEAD S WITH EZ H OO KS @ $39.95 $ - - - -- - semb ly part s-numbers, and over
I J Tl230 SET OF 6 CO LO R CO A TED LE ADS W IT H ALLIG ATO R CLIPS @ $39.95 $ - -- - - - 200 m od el s. Th e kit se lls fo r
I I CA RRYING CAS E. TO U GH LE ATHER LI KE AND L ARGE EN OU GH TO CA RRY A SET OF
$55.00, with sto rage case.- Part s
TL2 20 O R TL 230 LEAD S AN D IN STR U C TI ON MANU AL. @ $34.95 $ - - - - --
I J (QUA NTITY) MC300 (S) $189 .95 $ - - _ Expre ss, 340 East Fir st Stre et ,
[ J CARRYING CASE F OR M C3DO S 16.95 $ - -- __ Dayt on , OH 45402.
[ J AC ADAP TOR ( FO R EITHER UNI T) @ $ Q.9 5 $ _

SHIPPING INSTRUCTlONS: S-M DEVICE REMOVAL UNIT. OK

All units shipped out " 0 B. Buffa lo NY via United Parcel Service (except Hawau & Alaska)
(J)
unless otherwise mc-careo (in Hh'ch case shipments WIll be F O B. Canada)
Indu stri es p resents t he mod el
~
Z S UB- T OT A L ....
$ _ SM T-W2, w hich is a hot tw eezer
oCC 1 0~o r~ I " C O U N T . SUB- T OT AL X 0 .9 (,.:.F.:;
O",R",B",O""T:".H,-,U
""N.:..:I..:.
T:=
SL.
1 $ - - - - -- for t he remova l of su rface-mo unt
f-
U SHIPPING AND HANDLING " , S5 00 PER INSTAU MEN T --'l _ devi ces; t he uni t features variable
W
...J J CH ECK [ ) MON EY ORD ER I ) VISA [ ) MASTERCA RD TOTAL ...l _ temperature co ntro l, and high re-
W I I CA RD N O . EXPIRY DATE SIGN ATURE BA NK _
6 N A ME T ELEPH O NE NUM B ER _
li abili ty.
o ADDRE SS _ Th e mod el SM T-W2 in corp o -
<
CC C IT Y STATE ZIP CODE _
rates an ergo no m ically design ed
~8 ~ - -- -- - - - -DEALER
- -- - - ENQUIRIES
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CIRCLE 189 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
handpiece t hat can be held co m- 33 u.F (67 values) plu s a bo nus of 5
for ta b ly b y any operator, re - addi tional capacitors (1 p F, 10 pF,
gard less of hi s o r her hand size .
Tw o 8-watt ce ra m ic heatin g ele -
m en t s provi de exce ptio na l tem-
100 pF, 1000 pF, 0.01 f-l F, and 0.1 f-lF.
The p rice fo r each of the kits is
$49 .95 .- Co m m u n ic at i o ns Spe- ~
...
.
\
~I • • ~ II

per atu re stab ility and sufficie nt
p ow er to re move any surface -
moun t devi ce, fro m chip resistor s
cialists, Inc., 426 West Taft Avenue,
O range, CA 92665.
RADIO/TElEPHONE INTERFACE.
Vada Systems offe rs th e Alpha-Tel
111/ an access syste m fo r all ow ing 2-
way radi o co m m u n icatio ns fro m
th e desk te lep ho ne . The inter face
pr ovid es vo ice-act uate d transmi s-
CIRClE 18 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
sio n so t hat no modi fi cation need s
to be made at each ind ividual tele-
ph on e statio n.
The A lp ha-Tel III is co mpati b le

CIRClE 16 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

- to large qu aa -p·cit ks.

A f ull range of tips are available,
including 5-mm t ip s for resisto rs Celebrating our 10th Year in U.S.A.. . .
or capaci to rs, mini-fl ats for SO IC's
and ri ght-an gle tips fo r PLCC's to
Proven Quality . . .
84 pin s. Th e model SM T- W2 is Factory Direct Prices!
pri ced at $425.00.- 0 K Indu stries,
Inc., 4 Exec ut ive Plaza, Yon ke rs, COS 5100: 100 MHz
NY 10701.
·3 Channel , 8 Trace
CHIP RESISTOR AND CAPACITOR • pop level-lock auto-trigger
KITS. Communi cation s Specialists • Delayed Sweep
has introduced tw o k it s: Th e
mod el CR-1 chi p-resistor kit , and
th e mod el CC-1 chip-capacito r kit.
Both ki t s are inte nde d as protot yp-
in g kits, b ut are also useful as parts COS 5042TM, 40 MHz $779.00
kits fo r both rep air techni cians and
expe ri me nte rs. COS 5041TM
Th e mod el CR-1 co nta ins 1540 • 40 MHz, Delayed Sweep
pie ces, including 10 chip resistor s • 2 Channel
• Ch 1 Signal Output
of eve ry 5% value fr om 10 oh ms to
10 megohm s (145 valu es plu s zero- $669.00
o hm jumper s), plu s a bonu s of 10 COS 5021TM
addit io nal resistors in eig ht valu es • 20 MHz, Delayed Sweep
(0 ohm s, 10 o hms, 100 o hms, 1K, • 2 Chann el
COS 5060TM
10K, 100K, 1 m egohm s, an d 10 • Ch 1 Signal Output
• 3 Channel, 8 Trace
megohm s). $4fJ9.00 • pop level-lock auto-trigger
Th e m od el CC-1 co nta ins 365 • Delayed Sweep
pieces comp osed of 5 chip capaci- 255 Frequency Counter: COS 5040TM
tor s of eve ry 10% valu e f ro m 1 pF to 150 MHz $299.00 ' 40 MHz $889.00
• 2 Channel
FC01130 Frequency • CH 1 Signal Output
Counter: 1GHz $739.00 $639.00
6770 Wow and Flutter COS 5020TM
Meter $949.00 ' 20 MHz
• 2 Channe l
6701 Wow and Flutter • CH 1 Signal Output
Meter $999.00 $449.00
Add $15 per unit shipping and handling .

(800) 545-8784 (213) 371·4662

Colle ct CA & AK
~

lZJ~
(0

CIRClE 17 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD Local Service Centers co

co
Nationwide VI SA
<i:Copyright Kikusui International Corp. 1988 29
CIRCLE 181 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
 r-------------, wit h a ll ex isti ng 1A2 a n d e lec -
NEW FROM Ell t ro nic-key te lep ho ne syste ms , a nd
D RATCHET - ELEVEN·
mo st a na log a nd di gital PABX's.
W he n installe d with a key syste m,
\
PIECE RACHET TOOL
KIT.....$10.oo. Includes re- th e radi o access is assign ed a line
versible ratchethandle, ex- key-posi tio n o n t he tel ephone set.
tension bar, six bits, two
precision screwdrivers, and Wh en installed with a PA BX, the
a cutter. Comes in fitted radi o acc ess is ass igne d a station
case.Get one foryour shop,
another for your car, an- numb er. Access is easy with both
otherforyourtool kit. a p p lica t io ns -yo u merel y p ress
t he line key o n a key syste m o r d ial
D TOOL KIT- NINE- t he statio n numb er on a PABX.
PIECE TOOL KIT..... O nce access is ac hieve d, t he user
$10.00. Includes saw, bub-
ble level, three screw- t ra ns mits by s peaki ng into t he
drivers, torque multipier, tel eph on e. The syste m require s
calipers forinside and out-
side measurements, nip- no ded icat ed line.
pers, and atape measure. CIRClE 19 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
The Alphe-Tel III is co m patib le
with all conventi onal 2-way radi o pul se and mem ory modes , sw itc h-
D BP233-ELECTRONIC
HOBBYISTS HANDBOOK e qUI. P men. t i t 'Is p r .t Ce d a t se lectab le TTL/CMOS thresh old s,
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I D BP232-CONCISEIN- is ca pa b le of ca pt u ring pul ses as from ove r and reverse volta ges. It
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CIRCLE 204 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
 LETTERS
continued from page 17

another sto ry), an d only a busin ess

would sp en d $4000 on a co mp uter,
a laser printer, or both . So how
co uld any software deve lop er
make th e enormous commitm ent
to deve lop a serious desktop p ub -
lishing program, when the poten -
tial market is home computerists
who have li ttle money to sp end,
and to whom sof tware pirating is a
game, not a breach of ethics?
Hav ing said all that, however,
we're still fasci nated by the Ata ri .
Mr. Kona , h ere's our cha llenge :
Write us an article that demo n-
-strate-sy ou r-claims-:-No-hyp erb ole;-
no IBM resentment, just facts. Tell
us what it can do and how it does
i t. Tell us about the system soft-
ware that allows it to ru n Mac soft- 1. Quickly locate defective circuits by injecting signals without dis-
ware. Tell us w hat kind of speed co nnecting compo nents.
degradatio n occurs, what sorts of
incompatibil itie s arise, w hat (if 2. Replace video heads with confidence ; a simple good/bad head test
anyth ing) wo rk s better on the removes all doubt.
Atari than on the Mac. And do the
same for IBM. Th en throw in a 3. Align IFtraps simply by justthepattern on the CRT - have the
good do se of technical back- picture" looking like it did when they bought it. " .
gro u nd o n the 520 's m ic ro -
processor, m em o ry architecture, 4. Quickly align VCRs with special video patterns, or NTSC color bars
specia l sou nd and graphics IC s, Meets all manufacturers ' warranty requirements .
bus speed, DMA capabilities, etc.
Sound like a tall order? That's just 5. Performance test and troubleshoot any MTS stereo TV or VCR
what yo u asked us to do! system, so you can cash in on new technology .
And likewise with you owners of
other syste ms : If yo u want to see 6. ' Confidently test deflection yokes , IHVTs , and flyback transformers ,
yo ur system writte n up, do it yo ur- in-or out-of-ci rcu it, before you rep lace them.
sel f, or h elp us f i nd so m eo n e
qualified to do it. Co ntrary to what 7. Add on phase-locked accessories into your video analyzing system
man y readers think, qualified au- to increase service potential as technology changes .
thors are hard to find, especially
w hen it comes to the less-p op ular 8. Performance test and troubleshoot digital / analog RGB video
systems.-Editor monitors , so you can test all oftoday 's video systems.

MAKING PC BOARDS' 9. Conquer tricky servo circuits in VCRs by injecting a reference

In your PC Service sectio n, you 30 Hz servo pulse.
ask Radio-Electronics' readers to
share helpful techn iques they've 10. Cut your video servicing time in half . . . or your money back.
used in makin g printed circuit
boards, and I have a good one !
Why use the "o riginal" artwork
to do t he photo-resist light e x- Discover what the Universal Video Analyzing System
posure at a ll? Simply tak e the foil can do for yOU! Call Today 1-800-843-3338.
pattern pag e to a photocop y
hou se , and request a clear tran s-
In Canada Call 1-800-851-8866.
parency, instead of a re gular paper
copy. It sho uld n' t co st more than a 100% American Made c....
C
dollar, and you' ll have a distinct ~
b lack pri nt with a transparent
back ground-just w hat you need
SeNCOFr-E
3200 Sencore Drive . Sioux Falls, SO 57107 605-339-0100 In SO Only
CIRCLE 188 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD 31
 to do a good exposure of the light-
sensitive coat in g. Your expo sure
time will be co rrect, without all th e
guessw o rk. And also, th ere's no
need to cut up the magazine you
just bough t.
If yo u have acce ss to a pho -
tocopy machine, you can make
your own copies ; tra nspare ncy
• Digital Filter Typ e, removes
only Macr ovis ion puls es sheets are available at comme rcia l
• No adj ustments, c ryst al statio nary sto res, and elsewhere .
co ntrolled However, so m e cautio ns should
• Compatib le with all VCR's, be observed . First, copie rs some-
uses automatic vertical
blank ing level times sh rin k or d isto rt the original
image just slightly. Find one that
doesn't, o r where the shrinkage is
so slight that you wo n't run into
Macro-Sc rubber - We stock t he exact parts, PC boa rd, and
prob lems wit h lead spacing w he n
AC adaptor for an artic le on Bui lding a Macro-Scrubber
you try to install components. That
appearing in Radio-Electronics December 1987 issue .
is espec ially critica l when you are
- - -I---J MAK-1-Parts-Package $-1-9:00- - 1 trying to produce a double-sided
Includes all the origina l resistors, capacitors, diodes, board .
transistors, integ rated ci rcuits, and crystal. Liq ui d-to ner copiers ope rate at
cool er temperatures tha n t hose
JMAK-2 PC Board $9.95 that use dry or powdered toner, so
Original etched and drilled silk-screened PC board used there's not much of a chance of the
in article po lyester f ilm sheets me lti ng as
JMAK-3 AC Adaptor $7.95 t hey pass thro ug h t he drying pro-
Original (14 to 18 volt DC @ 285 rna) AC adaptor used in cess.
article. I n copiers that use dry or
Free repr int of articl e on bui lding a Macro-Scrubber w ith any purchase above. powde red to ne r, how ever, t he
Add $2.50 shipping & handling; $4.50 Canad ian orders. fuser uses more heat to melt the
Note: Unauthorized dupl ication of copyrighted material is illegal. Use toner into t he page . If t he trans -
Ma cro-Sc rubber for viewing only . parency should get st uck in the
fuser for a short time, it can easily
72-CHANNEL MC-702 CONVERTER
be melted . (Some copiers can reg-
CABLE CONVERTER $79.95 ulate the temperature.)
WITH INFRA- RED REMOTE CONTROL
• 72-channel capabili ty • Parental co nt ro l for all Fina l ly, clear transparency
c hannels
• Wireless, Inf ra- Red
remote co ntro l • Last c hannel recall
sheet s shou Id be fed one-at-a-
• Channel out put 2 or 3 • Fine tune memory time from the paper tray. If yo u try
switchable • UL listed/FC C
• Micro processor ap proved to stack t he m in the t ray, t hey
co nt ro ll ed PLL • Simple install ation w ith sometimes stick-and if t hey jam
operatio n any TV
• Skip c hannel mem ory • Inc ludes batte ry and 3 inside the copier, they 're real ly
elim inates un used foot coa x cable hard to get out! If you have your
Add $3.50 shi ppi ng & hand ling channels
$9.50 Canad ian or der s. own copier, be sure it can accept
transparency sheets , and that you
CABLEMASTER $19.95 use th e correct ones for your spe-
cific make and model.
Cable/VCR Timer Scratches can be touc hed up
• Record multiple premium pl ay channels Add $3.50 sh ipping & hand ling
• Turn s cab le box on and off $4.50 Canadi an orders
w ith any type of b lack paint t hat
• Selects cha nnel fo r unatt ended reco rd ing doesn 't have an acetone, ketone ,
• Thousands sold nation all y for $99.95 or lacquer-solvent base. (Tho se
co uld me lt the tran sparency.) Do
ORDER TOLL FREE ANYTIME the touch-up on the reverse side;
that is, t he side without the ton er.
1-800-227-8529 Ask for FREE
Color Catalog
If so me toner bl eeds to an area
en w here it sho uld n' t be , it can be
o
z scratched off.
o
a::
tw
Inside MA: 617-695-8699
VISA, MASTERCARD,
J&1d That so unds much more compli-
cated than it really is. Just use com-
oJ
w
o
or C.O.D. ELECTROrlICS,lrlC. mon sense, and you 'll get good
results with very little effo rt.
o POBOX 800 • MANSFIELD, MA 02048 GERALD KOSKE
«a::
e Copyright 1988 by J&W Electronic s Inc. Wonder Lake, IL R-E
32 CIRCLE 65 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
 60MHz V-660 List 1,195 100MHz V-1060 List 1,595
Delayed sweep $899 Delayed sweep $1,285
Our Price Save
695 75
695 180
795 160
1,575 320
1,995 300
2 565 535

$349 MO-1253 $498

• 40MHz Dual Trace MO-1252
MO-1251 • Dual Time Base
• 6 " CRT • Delayed Sweep • High Luminance 6" CRT
• Built in component • 12KV Acceleration Voltage • 1mV Sensitivity
tester • Better than Hitachi V-423 • 6KV Acceleration Voltage
- -T'T S -.-High-Lllminance·6 CRT- H
• 10ns RiseTime
• v ync $ 9 • X-V Operation • Z Axis
• Much More 5 5 • Delayed Triggering Sweep
20MHz Dual Trace Oscilloscope 35MHz Dual Trace Oscilloscope • Much More
Top quality scopes at a very reasonable price . Contains all desired features . Two t x, 10x probes , diagrams and manual.

Breadboard r -=-=-> Multlmeter with Digital Capacitance Meter Analog Multimeter

Capacitance and CM·1550 M-1100
Transistor Tester $58.95
9436 $19.95
Shown $55 CM·1500A 9 Ranges
Reads Volts, Ohms .1pf-20,000ufd
94301.100 pins $15 Current , Capacitors, .5% basic accuracy
9434 2,170 pins $25 Transistors and Zero control 1%Ac $42.95
9436 2,860 pins $35 Diodes w/case w/case 1.1 ·1182 .25%Ac $39.95

Function Generator Blox Solderless Breadblox IC Test Clips Temperature Probe 50MHz Logic Probe
.................... #9600 M-110CF
LP~
II II 16 pin $5.95
20 pin $8.25 $29.95
$24.95 24 pin $10.75 Semiconductor

Provides sine , tri, squ wave

28 pin $11.75
40 pin $18.50
type
Range
~$23
550 tie pts #9550

From 1Hz to 1MHz
AM or FM capability
Digital 3 Amp Power Supply
\.·-
including 2 power All are gold plated to ·58F·302F
bus lines $7.50 assure trouble free contact Fits most digital multimeters Logic Pulser Lp·600 $23
Regulated P.S. Breadboard GF·8016 Function Generator
XP-750 $99.95 XK -400 with Freu, Counter

XP-650 with Analog Meters $129.50

Digital Triple Power Supply
$175
0-40V @ 1.5A
0'2V @ 3A

XP-765
D -
•
•
•
•
Fully regulated
Short circuit protection
3550 test points
3 power supplies
• 5V @ 2A,12V @ .3A,·12V @ .3A

Quad Power Supply

Xp·580
$239
• Sine, Square , Triangle
• Pulse , Ramp, .2 to 2MHz
• Frequency .1 thru 10MHz
GF·8015 without Freq. Meter $179
Four-Function Frequency Counters

$239 $59.95 F·1000 $259

0'20V @ 1A 2'20V @ 2A 1.2GH
0·20V @ 1A 12V @ 1A
Fully Regu lated, Short Circuit Protected with 5V @ 5A 5V @ 3A F-100 $179
·5V @ AA
..... .... 120MH
2 Limit ConI. 3 Separate Supplies
Frequency, Period , Totalize , Self Check with High-
XP-660 with Analog Meters $169.50 Stabilized Crystal Oven Oscillator, 8 Digit LED Display
c,
(800) 292-7711 15 Day Money Back Guarantee c:
(312) 541-0710 2 Year Warranty ~
ASK FOR FREE CATALOG
CIRCLE 109 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
33
 NEW IDEAS
Fingertip Olympics
THI S M ONTH ' S C IRCU IT IS A G REAT LIT- units. You can also use multiple
tle game that's ideal for developi ng
hand coordination, or for putting
couch potatoes in the mood for
the upcoming Olympic games.
The heart of the circuit, which is
show n in Fig. 1, is an LM2907 (Na-
-t io nal) frequency-to -voltage-con -- -point-to-pointwirin g'on a'piece of
verte r. That low-cost fC, w hic h is
available from several of the com-
panies that advertise in the back
pages of Radio -Electronics, pro-
vides a vo ltage output -that's di-
rectly proportional to the f requen-
cyat its input. That frequency is
"set" by alternately closing 51 and
52, two no rm all y-o p en, momen-
tary -contact pu shbuttons. The
faster they're closed in sequence,
the higher the freq uency.
The " sk ill leve l" of the game is
set by R1. The smaller t he value of
t hat resistor, the faster you'll have
to h it the switches to get a mea-
' surab le o ut p ut . As a rule of t hum b, as fast as you can. The faster you
start with a value of about 510K; if
you f ind that's too easy, or as you
get better, substitute low er-valu ed
NEW IDEAS
This column is devoted to new ideas,
c ircu its , de vice app licat ions , con -
struction techniques, helpfu l hints , etc.
All published entries, upon publica-
. tion, will earn $25. In addition , for U.S.
residents only, Panavise will donate their
mC?del 333-The Rapid Assemb ly Cir-
cult Board Holder, havin~ a retail price of
$39.95. It features an eight-pos ition ro-
tating adjustment, indexing at 45-de-
gree incremen ts, and six positive lock
positions in the vertica l plane, giving you
resistors and a rotary switch to set a full ten- inch height adjustment for
comfortable working.
up mu ltiple skil l levels .
Setup and use
Any con struction technique can
be used to build the unit , But
perforated construction board is
probably the simplest. For best
play, the switches should be
mounted about six inches or so
apart, so be sure that you use a big
enough piece of board.
To test, set R2 fully coun-
terclockwise (min imum re si s-
tance) and tap the switches to
make sure that there 's an output,
as ind icated by M1. If there is, you I agree to the above terms, and grant
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 LC METER
A low cost UC meter that will give you lab-grade accuracy.

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EXPERIMENTERS ANDTECHNICIANS WHO WORKWITH RF

filters, oscillators, and amplifiers have always
nee(Jed an economical way to measure the value
of smali inductors. Generally, the measurement is
made by inserting the unknown-inductor into an
oscillator circuit having a known , fixed-value ca-
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measured into the tank circuit of an RF oscillator.
For RF circuits, that has the advantage of finding
the apparent inductance or capacitance value as it
would effect an RF tank circuit. The apparent
value includes the parasitic capacitance of the
inductor, or the parasitic inductance of the capaci-
tor and its leads . That is unlike the typical capaci-
tance meter, which inserts the component to be
measured in a relaxation oscillator circuit that
ignores inductance .

CalCUlating values
Where Lx represents an unknown inductance ,
and ex represents and unknown capacitance , the
formula for calculating the value of a component
 9V :
r
81 I
~ ~
SI J
CI
INJ

GNOI
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7805
I
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C2
+ 5V
RI
lOOK
r==;]
\l. r-T;"::+~5V~.j9-r-;;;:;;---,
~r
- F
.I ~
IC3-b
R4
IK
~0"'-=_--:,,:",...-J15
CD4520 ~

16
-e-
14
12 Y IO~F · .,!,. .1~F C3 +-- - .....3~
-+-'R 1" 5V C7
~ .". .". 10f.F 2 ~ 47K ', --
' _ -, 6 7 1500pF

1;i~H~39~H Cll* ~~:'3 -s-

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~~~I B 4 ) \ : 2-b CDI~~ ~
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L4 }
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330pF 12-70pF

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I
Lx ('
I x r t1-
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3
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L
x
yO
C
x CI6
CI2
330pF
C14 l::
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I
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1
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lOOK
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RESET 17 r---:!1,:.:.
11 -,

MEASURE ~21 IC3-.

~ CD4520
t rIO R IC6
CD4040
'-----.-::-r::-l
2 L ,' :3- - -)i -+--
111 . ENA8lE
12
5 6 1'6 1
5 3
r1
03 04 07 05 06 DB 09 02 01 012 010 0 11
12
2 13 1 ) 9 1 14 15 + 5V

--;J IC5
22 20 9 8 7 16 5 4 3 25 b 4 21 2 26 27 23
14 CD4022 - - - I- LCS_ A A' A3.A4 . AS A6 A7 AB A9 AID All AI2 A13 AI4 8' ;
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~ +5V

T 16 12 14 115
I
11 2
-
15 11 18 16 13 11 19 12 .1

~ I
IC4
CD4022

~' 10 12 14 1 13 15 1119 5 3 2 4 1 6 532416 532416

I st
161
SI st
ICB
st 13 14 12 lli f fl A 8
di 2
C 0
IC9
st di I~ A 8 C 0 sl
ICIO
di JftA 8 C 0
16 ICll
st di 1
11"'6+ -_ _ -
+ 5V
- -::4"-:"
1 I + 5V

t
C04054B 3 42 OUT 1 C040568 CD40568 16 CD40568
.b c d e f g 16 .b cd efg .bcd ef g C15
C:O '-;7 ;r------;i 1 5T-::1
4 '-:3;r-;,1 6)1-' 9 10 11 12 13 15 14 9 10 11 D ~ ~" 91011 D ~ ~ M .1

I
35 34 7 6 5 36 i ~7 1 8
30 29 11 In 9 31 32 112 25 24 15 14 13 26 27116' 121 1,9118111 120 122123
a b c d e f 9 dp1 . b e d e f 9 dp2. b e d e f 9 dp3·' b e d e f 9 28
L t=

FIG. 1-THE RESULTS FOR ABOUT 15,000 EQUATIONS are stored in IC7, a pre-pro-
B• B• B• B OSPI
bp ~

bp ~

grammed EPROM. Inpu t information is comp ared against th e EPROM data.

as a function of the frequency shift it value of the unknown com ponent we EPROM versions ofthe single-IC de- .
introduces into an oscillator tank cir- simply need to build some kind of vices are reasonabl y priced, but re-
cuit is: device that measures the rat io be- quire considerable expense in support
Lx = ((f1 /f2)2 - 1) x Ls
tween f1 and 12, squares the ratio , equipment to develop, test, and pro-
subtracts I, multiplies by the standard gram the software into the EPROM .
where L s is the "standard inductor of value , and then displays the result. A more cost-effective approach for
the tank," or: .The first approach that comes to the hobbyist and technician is the de-
C x = ((f1 /f2)2 - 1) x C s mind is the microproc essor device vice shown in Fig . I; a simple fre-
mentioned earlier. Un fortunately, a quency-counter circuit that drives an
where C s is the "standard capacitor microp rocessor-based instrumen t is EPROM which is progr ammed with a
of the tank ." rel ati vel y expensive because of its large number of solutions to the L x
In bot h equa tio ns, f1 is the os - high IC count that includes a CPU, and C x equations. In that way, all the
cillator's frequen cy without the un- RAM , ROM , Timer, VO, a display, mathematica l fun ctions , except for
know n com po ne nt; 12 is the os - and a power supply. the frequency ratio , can be done out-
en ci llator's frequen cy whe n the un- A lower-cost approach to a home- side the unit on a com puter having the
Q known component is installed in the brewed LlC meter is a microcomputer nec e ssar y ca pa bilities. A 27C2 56
Z oscillator's tank circuit.
o that includ es all of the functions of the EPROM will hold 16384 solutions di-
a:
t; Build a meter microprocessor-based device in a sin- vided into two bytes per solution.
w Since there is a mathematical rela- gle K' . Unfortunately, the initial in-
...J
W
tionsh ip between the known-compo- vestment would be on the order of Circuit description
o nent and unkn own -component os- $40, 000 , which is a tad too expensive Since the frequency counter has a
Ci
oct cillator frequencies, to determ ine the for a home-brew project. The newer fixed resolution in cycles-per-second,
a:
42
the EPROM contains solutions to the
equations that are spaced apart by a
predetermined numb er of cyc les-per-
second. Because resonant frequency
is a function of the square root of , displayed value must be ment all y
inductance or capac itance, the size of
the steps between adjacent solutions
gradually increase , keeping approxi-
mately 0 .1% (3 digit) resolution from
0 .01 f.LH to 10 mH , or 0.01 pF to 0.1
f.LF. The advantage of that techn ique is
that the unit will be auto-ranging.
Integrated circuits IC8 and IC9 , the
dri vers for the liquid-crystal display
(DSPI), are binary-coded decimal , re-
quirin g four bits per digit. Therefore ,
12 bits are required for a three digit
display. In order to provide the float-
ing decimal point that' s needed forthe
dynamic range of range of 106 , four
bits are used to drive botht:he decimal- - circuit uses a L~31Tliigti -speea volt-=- -
PARTS LIST
All resistors V4-watt, 5%, unless
otherwise noted.
R1 , R2, R7-100,000 ohms
R3, R5-47,000 ohms
R4-1000 ohms
R6-1 Megohm
R8-25,000 ohms, trimmer potenti-
ometer, 0.1 " x .2" spacing
R9-4700 ohms
Capacitors
C1 , C3-10 ILF, 10 volts, tantalum
C2, C4, C5, C9, C10, C15-D.1ILF, 50
volt, ceramic disc
C6-notused
C7-1500 pF, 100 volt, Mylar
C8-2.2 ILF, polystyrene (Panasonic
ECQ-1225KZ)
C11, C12-330 pF, polystyrene or
propolyne
*C13-12- 70 pF, trimmer capacitor
(Mouser ME242-1270)
*C14, C16-3-10 pF, trimmercapaci-
tor (Mouser ME242-2710)
Semiconductors
IC1-LM311N
IC2-GD4046
IC3-CD4520
IC4-GD4020
IC5-CD4022
IC6-GD4040
IC7-27C256 special programmed
EPROM (see ordering note below)
IC8-CD4054
IC9-IC11-GD4056
IC12-LM7805CT
t DSP1-four digit LCD display, AND
FE0202
Inductors
*L1-39 J..l. H, variable inductor (Toko
154ANS-Tt016Z)
*L2- 33 J..l. H (J. W. Miller 8230-56)
*L3-0.39 J..l.H (J. W. Miller 8230-10)
*L 4-0.33 ILH, variable inductor
(Toko BTKXNS-Tt04 7Z)
point and a fourth digit that is either
zero or blank . Therefore, 16 bits are
used to provide a direct readout in
micro-henries. For ca pac itors, the
multiplied by 10. ' The tank circuit selec ted by switches
The first problem was to design an
oscillator that would always start, and
which maint ained oscillat ion even
with very poor LlC ratios. Most os-
cill ator circuits invol ve the imped -
ance of the tank circuit in the loop
gain, therefore , there are maximum
values of L and C that can be used.
Also, the normal output of an RF os-
cillator circuit is usually only a few
millivolts, which requires amplifica-
tion in order to drive the frequenc y-
countin g section of the instrument.
As shown inFig. 2, the oscillator
- voltage- comparator IC l' produces a
Other components
B1-9-volt battery
*BP1, BP2-5-way binding post with
8-32 thread
* S1, S2, S3-DPDT alternate action
switch (In Schadow 51281)
*3-pushbuttons for S1-S3
t 2- LCD sockets
*2-8-32 x %-inch threaded spacer
with mounting hardware
*2-8-32 screws and star washers
*1- battery terminal clip !1-socket
for DSP1 , Samtec ESQ-120-12-T-S
1--enc!osure, Pactec HPL-9VB
Note: The following parts and kits
are available from Almost All
Digital Electronics, 5211117th St.
SE, Bellevue, WA 98006.
A complete kit containing all
components in the parts list with
the exception of the EPROM, dis-
play kit, enclosure, and the PC
board: $69.95. A kit of hard-to-
locate parts consisting of those
indicated in the parts list with
the * symbol: $29.95. The pro-
grammed EPROM: $19.95. The
display kit consisting of those
parts indicated in the parts list
with a t symbol: $14.95. The en-
closure, with all holes machined
and a front panel decal: $19.95.
The PC board with plated-
through holes: $19.95
A complete semi-kit (the switch-
es are mounted and soldered)
consisting of all of the above and
a " standard" capacitor for cal-
ibration: $149.95.
The completely assembled, test-
ed, and calibrated unit: $169.95.
Add $5 for shipping and han-
dling per total order. Washington
residents must add 8% sales tax.
age co mparator. Positi ve feedback
from the output to the non-inverting
input is provided by R3. The input is
biased by RI and R2 to approximately
one-half of the 5-volt supply voltage.
S2 and S3 is capacitively coupled to
ICI by C3 and C4.
The best way to visualize the os-
cillator is to assume that ICI's output
is a square wave. Driving the square
wave into a parall el -tuned ci rcuit
through a large resistor (R3) allows
the tuned circuit to filter out the sine-
wave component of the square wave at
the resonant frequency of the tank .
(The sine wave will have a maximum
amplitude when the square wave is at
the resonant frequency.) Applying the
sine wave to the non-inverting input of
square-wave output of the same fre-
quency. That , in tum, drives the tank
circuit, resulting in an endless loop of
oscillation. Thus, the oscillator runs
at the frequenc y that produces the
maximum sine-wave amplitude: the
resonant frequency of the tuned cir-
cuit.
The inverting input of ICI must be
biased at exactly the same DC level as
the non-in verting input in order for
the oscillator to work . The R5/C5 RC
filter from the comp arator 's output to
the inverting input finds the average
value of th e square -wave output,
which of course should be Yz the peak-
to-peak voltage, which is approx i-
matel y Yz the supply voltage. The
same RC network is responsible for
the starting and running of the os-
cillator. When power is first applied,
the filter's output is zero, which
causes ICI 's output to be high (near 5
volts). The high charges C5 until its
voltage reaches the bias level of the
non-inverting input. That causes the
output to swing low (near zero volts),
putting a transient into the tank cir-
cuit, which causes it to ring at its
re son an t fre q ue ncy. Th e rin g in g
causes the output of the comparator to
form a square wave of the same fre-
quency which , after filtering by the
tank circuit, is fed back to ICI's input
to sustain oscillation.
The compo nent to be measured , Lx
or Cx, is always added to the standard
inductor (Ll + L2) or standard the
capacitor (C II-C I4) in the oscillator 's
tank circuit. With the component un- c...
C
der test installed , the oscillator's out- C<
put frequency will always be lower ;:0
than the frequency without the com- &l
43

CIl
- CI2 .
C13
Lx
o R5
FIG. 2-A HIGH-SPEED VOLTAGE COMPARATOR, IC1,functions as an oscillator for both
the capacitor and inductor tests. The unknown C and L values are determined by measur-
ing their effect on the oscillator's reference frequency.
ponent installed. When the C x sw itch
(S3) is depre ssed , the co mponent un-
der test and zero ing-trimmer-capaci-
_ _tor.C I6 (which has .been adju sted such-
that the sum of the stray capacitance
+ C16 = 10 pF) are co nnected in
parallel with the CC ll-C I4 tun ing ca-
pacitors.
Sim ilaril y, when the Lx switch is
dep ressed , the component under test
and zeroi ng- trim mer-i nd uc tors L3
and L4 (which has been adjusted such
that the sum of the stray inductance
+ L3 + L4 = 1 I-LH), are co nnected
in ser ies with the Ll/L2 tuni ng induc-
tor s.
As shown in Fig . 1, osc illator IC I
feeds a basic frequency counter con -
sisting of counter-reg ister IC3-a and
IC6 , which have a total of 16 bits;
although only the last 14 are used (2 14
= 16384). If a co un ter register is
clocked by frequency jl, for a period
of time T, the resultant value in the
registe r will be jl x T cycles . If the
measurement per iod is derived from
f2 as T = N!J2 (where N is an integer
multiplier, in this case a binary co un-
ter), then the accumulated count in the
counter register will be jl!J2 x N. In
that way we have reso lved measuri ng
the ratio of two fre quencies as re-
quired in the equation forLy .
Compensating for drift
Freq ue ncy drift caused by tem -
perat ure, or by aging of the compo-
nen ts , is sig nificantly suppressed if jl
andf2 are derived from the same basic
oen osci llator. For example, suppose jl is
Z 1 M Hz and f2 is 500 kHz, then
~ (lfl /f2)2 - 1) x (Ll + L2) = (3. 00
t; x (Ll + L2)) . If the oscillator drift s
~ 0.1% for bothjl andf2,' then ((lfl +
6 1000)/(j2 + 500))2 - 1) x (Ll +
Ci L2) also equals (3.00 x (1 + L2)). If,
ei on the other ha nd, only f2 drifted .1%
44
Rl CI5 + 5V
~ flow back to zero after period "T" and
C4
R2
R3
R4
CI4
(which would be the case if jl had
been deri ved from an independ ent os-
cillator), then (lfl /(j2 + 500))2 - I
- x-(Ll- +-L-2) -=-(-2,..,.992- x-(b l
+--
L2)), or 0.266% error.
There is a seco nd , and even more
sig nificant advantage to this method
of drift compensatio n. Regardless of
the frequency, iff2 is eq ual to jl , then
(lfl!J2)2 - I) x (Ll + L2) = 0 ,
thereb y forci ng an auto ma tic zero
function. Under the assumption that
oscillator drift will be a percentage
function rather than absolute , the
effect of oscillator drift is canceled.
Although that is not an entirely accu-
rate assumption, it is reaso nably valid
because the majo rity of drift comes
from drift in the values of L and C in
the tank circ uit. Those values drift as
a percentage of the ir nomi nal value
due to temperature effects, there by
leaving the accuracy of the instru men t
almos t entire ly dependen t upon the
values of Ll and L2 and C I I-C I4
(which can be easi ly adj usted to with-
in 1%).
Although the foregoing exp lains
the basic theory behind the counter
section and it's advantages, it is not
quite the who le story. That basic co n-
cep t could meas ure freq uencies down
to zero hertz (zero hertz would ac-
cumulate a count of zero in the co un-
ter register and jl.would accumulate a
count of 16383) just as a normal fre-
quency counter would, and should
do.
In order to make maximum use of
the space in the EPROM , it is desir-
able to make the minimum value of
the counter regi ster correspond to the
minimum value of f2 (59. 774 kHz )
when Lx = 10 mH , or when C x =
0 .1 fLF, and the maximum value corre -
spo nd tojl (7 13.3 kHz) whe n Lx =
0, or C x = O. By extending the range
of mea surement period by "t" to
T + t, the counter regis ter will over-
continue counting for the per iod "t. "
The final design has a period T =
2 161jl and a period t = 2 121jl such
that the range of the counter register is
1024 to 17408 (a difference of 16384).
To compensate for that, the bottom
1024 loc a tion s' in th e E P RO M,
0-1023, con tain the highest counts
(16384-17408) , and l o c a t i on s
1024- 16383 conta i n co u n ts
1024-16383. That is not the ideal cor-
rectio n for maxim um EPROM usage ,
but it's easi ly achieved with simple
circuitry. The 0.00 poi nt is at location
17408 (1024) in the EPROM, while
the minimu m frequency of f2 occurs
at count 1455 . There are therefore ,
-04'3 1 wasted locations in the EPROM,
or 15952 stored values in the range of
0 .00-9990 I-LH .
The freque ncy measured is f2/4
(the counter register starts after the
first two stages of IC3-a), so the for-
mula to compute the accumulated val-
ue in the cou nter register for a given
frequency of f2 is:
Count = f2/4 x (216 + 212 )/t1 = 04
x 69632 /t1
Count = f2 x 17408/t1
It is that count that addresses the
EPROM to get the data for the dis-
played value . Maximum count corre -
sponds to maxi mum frequency, which
in tum corresponds to min imu m Lx
or Cx . The formul a for the value of
Lx for a give n count is:
Solving the count eq uation for f2 :
f2 = (count x *t1)/17408 = count x
41.067
and since L = 1/(4 X 11: 2 x f2 x C) :
U (j.LH) = 1/(4 x 11: 2 x f22 x
C11-C14)
and
Lx = U - (L1 + L2)
where
L1 + L2 = 70.5 + mH and C11-e1 4
= 705 pF
Lx (j.LH) = 106 /(4 x 11: 2 x 1686.52 x
count 2 x C11-C14) - (L1 + L2)
Lx (j.LH) = 213334.12 x 10 6 /counF -
70.5
C x = Lx(j.LH) x 10
Since the count value provide s the
EPROM address, and the Lx value
provides the EPROM data, the last
formul a and the pin-to-pin IC connec-
tion s provides the necessary informa-
tion to pro gram the EPROM. The
connectio ns between counter register
IC3-aJIC6 and the EPROM address
pins may appear to be odd because
they 'are optimized for a printed-cir-
cuit layout rather than the traditional
pin assignments .
Sim il arly, th e data bits of the
EPROM are optimized for connection
to the display drivers in the PC layout.
The translation for those connec-
tion s is shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
The "j umbled" connections are ac-
commodated in the programming of
the EPROM . A design problem
which had to be overcome was that
both frequencies fl and fl had to be
available simultaneously to make the
measurem ent. It was impossiDl-=- e --;:t-=-
o --;:-:ta:-::nCc-=-
have the same osc illator run at two
frequencies at the same time and the
use of two different oscillators would
negate the automatic-zero capability.
Some means had to be provided to
store frequency fl while the oscillator
was operating atfl. The solution was
a phase-locked loop, IC2.
Storing a frequency
The voltage-controlled oscillator of
the phase-locked loop is adjusted by
the frequenc y discriminator within
IC2 until it is the exact frequency of
the signa l input. The volta ge that
tuned the oscill ator to that frequency
can be stored on filter, capacitor C8,
thereby essentially " storing" the fre-
quen cy. The frequency can be stored
accurately so long as C8 's voltage
doe s not change. The only thing that
will cause the voltage to change is
C8's shunt resistance . The input resis-
TABLE 1
BIT WEIGHTS
Counter Rom
1-+ 2 vances from a count of zero to a count
2-+ 4 of one on the next positive transition
4-+ 2048
8 -+ 1024
16-+ 8 peri od 91.72 'ms (2 16 /fl) + 5 .73 ms
32 ..... 16
64 -+ 64
128 -+ 128
256 -+ 32
512 -+ 256
1024 -+ 512
2048 -+ 8192
4096 -+16384
8192 ..... 4096
TABLE 2-EPROM DATA BITS
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
~ ~ C\J co
8 7 6 5
I C3
I IC1
G
81
12 8 64 32 16
I C2
I Idp2
B
dp1
0 0 0 0
0 0
~
0 0
:: e ~ofTCns speci eo aslO I2 o nms,
which shouldn' t cause any shunt-re-
sistance problem .
On the other side of C8 are the in-
use open-circuit switch contacts of
S2-b (L x) and S3 -b (C x), which
should also be man y megohm s. The
most significant cause of discharge is
C8 itself, which must , therefore , be
an extremely low-leakage device. Ce-
ramie , tantalum , and electrolytic ca-
pacitors are unsatisfactory; C8 should
be a high-quality plastic capacitor.'
The test circuit is such that depress-
ing either the Lx or C x switch will
open the control loop of the phase-
locked loop, thereby storing fl while
simultaneously switching in the com-
ponent under test into thefl oscillator
for measurement.
The control section of the frequen-
cy counter is IC4 and ICS. The base
frequency of the oscillator, fl , was
first divided by 16 by IC3-b , and then
divided by 51 2 by IC4 before clocking
ICS . The period of the clock to ICS is
appro xim ately 11.46 ms (87 Hz), how-
ever, ICS is held in the reset mode by
IC4 pin 2 for a period of 91.72 ms.
After IC4 pin 2 goes low, ICS ad-
of IC4 pin 12 , which is 5 .73 ms later.
Th at makes the tot al measurem ent
(2 12 ifl ), or 97 .45 ms.
When pin 2 of ICS goes low it in-
hib its the co unter register (IC3-a/
ICS ), e ndi ng th e m e a sure m ent
period. At that time EPROM IC7 is
addressed with the result, which is a
function of the component value Lx
or Cx . Next , pin 1 of ICS goes high
for 11.46 ms, strobing the data from
co
C\J
4 3 2 1
A1
I I
A3 D3G SlbA
8 4 2
dp3
I I
A2 B Slb8
D2
0 0
co C\J
IC7 into display drivers IC9 and rCl l.
At that time , pin 14 of IC4 is low,
address ing the even addresses of IC7 ,
which must co ntain the data for dis-
play digits one and three.
11.46 ms later, pin 1of res goes low
and pin 3 of ICS goes high , thereby
strobing ICTs data into the digit-two
dri ver rcw and the decim al-p oint
register (IC8). At this time pin 15 of
IC4 is high , address ing the odd ad-
dresses of IC7 , which must contain
the digit two and the decim al-point
data . An additional 11 .46 ms later, pin
3 of ICS goes low and pin 7 of ICS
goes high , resetting the counter regis-
ter prep aratory to acquiring a new
measurement. I
Another 11 .46 ms later, pin 7 of ICS
goes low and pin 11 ofICS goes high .
The high is applied to ICS's ENABLE
input , causing it to freeze at count
four. ICS remains in the idle mode
until pin 2 of IC4 goes high 51.57 ms
later (a total measure me nt/display
period of 183.43 ms). The result is an
upd ate rate to the displ ay of 5 .44
times/second . An AC signal is taken
from pin 14 of IC4 for display DSPI 's
backplane drive frequency.
Resident data
There are an infinite number of L .
and C values that will resonate at a
given frequency. Determining the ex-
act values whic h wo uld simulta -
neo us ly provide: a capac ita nce
display exactly 10 times the induc-
tance display, provide at least O.O I IJ.H
per count in the frequency counter
register up to 10 IJ.H,give a total count c...
C
difference equal to or less than 16384 ~
up to 10 mH with 0:1 mH per count, <0
co
continued on page 98 co
45
 Build
THE RADIO-ELECTRONICS
ADVANCED CONTROL SYSTEM
This month, we show when outputting to a chan-
you how to put REACTS nel, all eight bits of the chan-
to work to control the nel are affected. That is true
0<_' ev e n w he n yo u wa nt to
outside world.
change only oneoit. The

Part 6 WE LEFT
off last
month promising to show

i'.~~ ~
...
-' techn ique we use is to store
all the data that is output to
the channel in a common lo-
you how to put REACT S to
work . To get your imagin a-
1
l llI catio n . Then , each routine

. . IIJt. l i ."
that uses the storage location
'1.1iii.
I,,:
tion rolling on what you can is responsible for seeing that
do with a control computer, .
l' l'!'
~~~ ,·r,..
'1. 1
.·

1'1
1,1
,
:
....
_",
only the bits relevant to that

, II i~~ !\ ~ Ii i ·,- ,
we'll show you how to build . parti cular r outine ar e
a digital door lock , an ap- changed. For exa mple , in
[J
ll~ -~.~ II ~ Ill!. ~."
pliance controller, a security line 160 of Listing 1, we were
system, and a sprinkler con- _- only interested in changing
troller for your garden.

The digital lock
The input/output port con-
sists of 8 wires (bits) that are
labeled from 0 to 7 . Using
the INP command we dis-
cussed earlier, we can read the data
p resent at the inputs. Incidentally,
similar commands exist in Asse mbly,
C, FORTRAN , and other languages.
As menti oned earlier, we input or
output eight lines or bits each time we
perform an input or output. In the
following example we will see how to
mask each line (or bit) out indepen-
dentl y when needed .
Figure 1 shows a simp le eig ht-
pushbutton combina tio n lock . In
order to make that lock work, we sim-
ply read the input channel that is con-
nected to the switches . That data is
then com pared with the combination
stored in the program shown in List-
o ing 1. If the data matches, the system
(j)
I d ~il't\ . ~-
, To keep from changing any
H. EDWARD ROBERTS
That program will work quite ade-
quately for a lock and you can pro-
gram 256 different combinations. It
has one major disadva ntage; it uses all
eight inputs of the I/O module . List-
ing 2 shows an electronic entry pro-
gram that only uses five switches and
allows for over 6500 comb inations.
The door-lock program will be only
one subroutine in your final home-
automation program. Alo ng with the
door-lock prog ram, the final program
may contain subroutines for control-
ling appliances and lights, a security
system, and a lawn-watering system;
monitoring and controlling the home
environme nt; and . allowi ng remote
contro l using a modem. It takes ap-
the output bit (bit 0) that acti-
vated the relay that the door-
lock solenoid was wired to .
of the other bits, we per-
formed a masking operation
by GRing them with O. The
relay was clo sed by GRing a 1 at bit O.
The two electronic door-lock pro-
grams discussed and listed in this arti-
cle requ ire simultaneous pressing of
two or more switches or pushbuttons
for 'many of the numerical entries .
However, a ten or more digit keypad
that uses some type of scan code easi-
ly could be impleme nted so that only
one pushbutton is pressed for each
entry number. Those types of keypads
are available from several electronics
hobb yist and parts houses. The sup-
plier listed in the Sources box offers
one such keypad. The keypad from
that vendor comes com plete with a
listing of a scan-code decoding pro-
gram for serial digit entry.

z releases the lock by outputting the

oa: correct command to the output line,
I-
oW whic h co ntro ls the latch solenoid.
...J That solenoid is activated to stay open
W
a for some predetermined period , say 2
o<l: seco nds. If the door is not opened by
a: that time the door will relock.
46
prox im at el y 100 m icroseco nds to
make one check of the switc hes. So
even if the switches are checked 20
times a second, the door-lock sub-
routi ne wi ll only take up approxi-
mately 2 millisecon ds.
It is important to understand that
Figure 2 shows the connections of
the externa l solenoid for the door con-
trol. The technique you use to actually
lock and unlock the door is up to you.
If you desire, an electric lock is avail-
able fro m com me rc ia l supp liers.
Please send us any ideas that you have
 that might be of interest to others; we
LISTING 1
will pass those along to other users of
the system. Ideas can also be shared 10 REM Sample loc k p rog ram, c o r rec t comb i na t ion is 13 1
on the Radio-Electron ics Bulletin 20 REM ( 1 00 00 011 bi nar y}
30 REM
Board (516-293-2283 , 8 data bits, I 40 REM TEST = Varia ble a t wh i ch input by t e is stored
stop bit , no parity), 50 REM ENT = En t ry fr om switch es
60 REM LCK2 4 = Contr o ls o u t p u t po rti o n of mod ule
. 711 REM
Controlling appliances 80 TEST = 0
90 ENT = 0
Because the relay option of this 111 0 GOSUB " FETCH ENTRY "
month's module can be connected di- 11 0 IF TEST = II THEN GOTO 10 0
120 I F TEST > ENT THEN ENT = TEST
rectly to 117 volts AC, household ap- 130 GOSUB " FETCH ENTRY "
pli an c e s a n d l ightin g c a n b e 140 IF TEST <> C THEN GOTO 120
150 IF ENT <> 131 THEN GOTO 80
controlled by REACTS with the mod- 160 LCK24 LCK24 OR &X1l0000001
ule as long as the current drawn from 1711 REM Th i s sets the last bit (bit 0) t o a 1 withou t affecti ng
1 80 REM a ny o t het b i t s . Th e out pu t th at con t ro ls t he sol e noid
each relay doe s not exceed 6 amps. 190 REM is connected to bit 0 of output cha n nel 24 .
An ideal application is to use the sys- 200 OUT 24 ,LCK24
- tem- to_turn=on_and_turn=ofL lamps 210 DELAY 6000
220 REM Ca u s e s pr ogram to wai t for 2 s econd s .
while you are on vacation to give your 230 LCK24 = LCK24 AND &Xllllll10
home a " lived in" app earance to 240 OUT 24 , LCK24
250 REM This wil l c lea r t h e 0 b it wh ich will relock t he doo r .
would be burglars. Securing the leads 260 REM Her e a l so , none of the o ther b its a re a ffec ted .
270 GOTO 80
1000 REM ** * * * * * ** * ** *** * * * * * FETCH ENTRY ** ** ******* **** ***** *
1010 "FETCH ENTRY "
~ SWITCH 0 o INPUT 0
1020 REM
1 030 REM
This subro utine inpu t s the by te f rom I /O po rt 24 'at
which t h e octal I /O i s addressed .
1040 TEST INP (24)
1050 TEST NOT TEST
...:..:..:..:..:.:...:..:..---~o INPUT 1 1 06 0 REM Because a l l t he i n p u t s a re pu l l ed hi g h , the input t e d
1 070 REM byte is compleme nted wi t h th e NO T command i n o r d e r t o
1080 REM simplify p r ogra mmi ng .
- - - - - - -0 INPUT 2 1090 REM
1 10 0 REM
TEST = TEST AND &X1 l 1 1 11 11
After complementing the input with t h e NOT command , a
1110 REM 16 bit signed integer is r e t u r n e d . To obtain t h e
- - -- - - -0 INPUT 3 1120 REM orig i nal 8 bit complemented i nput f rom t he I /O por t
1130 REM we mus t mas k out the l ower 8 bi t s .
1140 RETURN
~------o INPUT 4

~.:.:..:...::.:..:....:'-----o INPUT 5 MALE AC PLUG

PLU GS INTO _
~--------<O I N~UT 6 WALL OUTlET

...::..:.:..:..:..::.:..:....:.-- - ---<0 INPUT 7

SOl

NO
FIG. 1-A SIMPLE PUSHBUnON LOCK. CH 0 { C
The data on the input lines is read by the NC
computer and then compared to a com- NO
bination in the lock program. CH 1 { C
NC
NO
CH 2 { C
NC
NO
SECTION
OF
DOOR
CH 3
{ C
NC 0
NO
CH 4 { C
NC
0
0
0
NO 0
{
i
CH 5 C 0
NC 0
NO
CH 6 { C
NC
0
0
0 USE FULLY ENCLO SED
OUTLET BOX
NO 0

FIG. 2-0NE METHOD of imp lementing

CH 7 { C
NC
0
0
c...
C
the door lock uses a 24-volt solenoid un-
!:(
der computer control. Of course, many FIG. 3-FOR CONVENIENCE, use a relay interface like the one shown here when using (0
co
other schemes are possible. REACTS to control household appliances. <Xl

47
 powerline voltages and currents ,
LISTING 2
we strongly recommend you con-
sult an electrician.
10 REM ThI s. p r o g r ",ot Jfl u e e e 5 bi t-e. o r ~ .I:t,),. n~ne- Ln p u t, c h e n n e I t ',l With the REACTS CPU and the
20 REM pr oduce a ao p hl. s.t. .i c at~d cOlll: bi n a t .1on l o c k wh ,1 t::h h e e eve-r
30 REM 6 500 P OgS l blc c OM b 1 n~ t l o n s . Thi a pr o gr Hm 18 desigl \~d to real-time clock option , the lamp(s)
4 0 REM u s e i npu t ch t\nn~ l 2 4 . The c o Jt\bi n ot lctn .f o r t b .i~ progt:IlJn can be made to come on and go off at
50 REM i s 93 12 . A n y un u se d 1 /0 chan n ~ l or coJt\b~nQ~10n c ould
60 REM be u sed . different times during the day and at
7 0 RElI different ·times on different d ays .
8 0 HEll COU NT() ::: Ar r a y w h t.-rc v e j x d o n t r r o c are ot.c r s-d •
90 RElI I P _F L AC. = S i g n J.£ ol C' 1i th&t. e-n t .r y ha s b e c-n Il\ade . Also , since the program controlling
1 0 0 RElI TES T = V ~r i .e: bl ~ at wh i c h ln pu t is ~ to r~d . the lamp s would reside on the sys-
11 0 RElI Hl _ 1 P ~ Te Jft f) b.r·~r y a t,CJ:r ~gu l o c at i o n for on t.r- v .
1 2 0 REM OlGIT ~ Nu mber o f v al i d &ntrl ~ S. tem's boot PROM , in the case of a
1 3 0 REM
1 4 0 DI M CO U NT(~.>
power outage , when the system came
1 5 0 I ? _FL AG • 0 back on it would automatically reload
1 6 0 TES T : 0 the program and continue its job . A
170 HI _ I P • 0
1 8 0 DI GI T • 0 free copy of a vacation home-control
1 '::IU RE M ST All,. L OCK ". ". ". .. to
:l00
lit

" START LOCK"

• • • ". .
program is available from the vendor
220 Ga S Ul! " REM ) 1 NPUT" listed in this article if you send a self-
:.':"0 I F BOUNCE_ u K = 0 T HEil C. U1'O " ~T ART L.UCK "
2 40 I F TE ST • &XOOOI0(lOO THEN t.U TO " CLIiAH LU<:K"
addressed stamped envelope .
2:; 0 I F RDY < > 1 THEN (, 0 1'0 " STMn LOC:K"
260 IF TIiST -e &XOOOOOOOO ANl) I? _ F LA(' • 0 THEN (,OTU " :: TAI< T I. u n ,"
2 70 I F TEST <> &XDOOOOOOO AND TES T > HI _ I I' T HEN HI_I? = T E ~ T Open window detector
280 I F TE ST <> &XOOOOOOOO THEN I I' FLAt. = I The open-window detector-can be
290 I f TES T <> &XOOOOOOOO THEN (,07U " ST All T LOCK"
300 COUNT CDI GI T ) = HI_ I P used in two different ways. First, it
3 10 HI _ I? • 0 can be used to quickl y check for open
'3 :.'0 II' _F LAG = 0
~ :':iO JJI01 T = D IG I T " 1 windows before leav ing the hou se .
3 40 IF Dl (,IT ' ,.) THEN GOTO " CK COMB" Second, by connecting one of the oc-
3S0 GOTO " START LOCK"
1 0 0 0 REM " HE AD INPU T " ..- tal I/O port 's to an alarm , REACTS
~u b rCl u t J. n t:o
);"(..' tde. t.h e- a npo t . ~l n d. Jfl-3Hok c·l,.1t. th(,., ~ Leo e t,
1 01 0 RE.M Thi g
10 20 RE M a 1 g nl£ ican t d191.t e .
can be pro grammed to sound the
1 0 ~{ O "R EAD I IIP UT" alarm if a window is opened . Of
1 04 0 TEST = I NP ( 24 ) cour se the alarm would have to be
1 050 Tl; S T = NOT TE ST
1060 TES T = TEST ANO &XOOOl 1 1 11 disabled at times when the window
1 07 0 Dl;LAY 1 0
108 0 TES T2 = I NP <:2'1 )
must be opened . That could be ac-
10':)0 TEST ::? " NOT TES T2 complished by using one of the CPU 's
1100 TEST :.' = TEST :l ANI' &XOOOI Lll l
1 1 10 I F TEST = TES T2 THh N l.utlNCh ,_OK = 1 h l,.:;iE k« lll NCI".. OI\ = 'J
sense switches or connecting a SPST
11 2 0 RET URN switch to one of the octal I/O's inputs .
2UOO REM * .. ~ • • ** * C L E Ak L OCK ••• * .
2 01 0 RE M C loa r i n ~ l o ck .an d e e t. ti n g f or n ew e n t r y. The system would be programmed to
2 0 20 " Cl,.EAR LOCK" periodically check the switch, and
2030 HDY = 1
2040 DIG IT = 1 when the switch was open the alarm
:.'050
3000
GUTO " S TART l,.OCK"
REM • ••• •• ••• • • • • • • • •• CHECK CO"B I NATI ON • • ••• •• •• • •• •• •• • ••
would be disabled; likewise, when the
30 10 REM C h e c k J.n g f" clr cor r ect.. c OJl b i na t .1o n ..
3 020 " CK COMB "
3 0:!l0 I F COllNT ( l) <> 9 THEN (, 01' 0 " STAR T LOCK"
3040 I F COUIIT( 2) <> 3 THEN GOTO " START LOCK"
3050 IF C O U N T (~) <> 2 THEN GOTO " START LOCK"
30bO I F COUNT ( 4) <> 1 THEN GOTO " START l,.OCK"

I ;~ ~ D
307 0 Rh M Op e n i ng l o c k .
3080 UNl,.CK = UNl,.CK OR &XOOOOOOOl
::JO'W OUT 2 4 . lINLCK
3 100 lINL<:K = UNLCK AND &XI 1 1 1 1 1 10

w l :#; " !~
;'110 DELAY 6 000
,, 120 OUT <!4. lINl,.CK
:<1'.'< 0 (,01'0 " ST ANT LOCK"
8 140 ENt>

of the device (lamps) to be controlled wire, and some hardware . A drawin g

involves stripping the insulation on
the cords back leaving approximately
Y4 inch of bare wire which is inserted
into the appropriate slot on the relay
of a typical interface is shown in Fig.
3 , That device will allow you to easily
connect appliances to the relay and
po s sibl y k e ep you o u t of th e
eJD
0 ['':;;;]
/0/:-
terminal strip. The wire is then se- doghouse . If you are unsure about
~ cured by tightenin g a screw against it. buildin g the interface yourself, get an r;:"l
~ ~

z If your spo use doesn 't take · too electrician to build it for you; it should
r~---t
~ kindly to the idea of cutting the plugs be a cinch for him or her.
o off of your lamps and stripping the Note: Powerline AC voltages and
PUSHBunON
SWITCH
~ insulation back , there is another alter- currents can be dangerous if care is
6 native , Youcan make an interface box not exercised; you can easily
FIG. 4-A MOMENTARY SWITCH can be
used to detect whether a window is open
Ci with a 1900-series elect rical (outside- damage the computer, or yourself. or not. When the window is fully closed,
~ type) box, a pair of duplex outlets, If you lack experience with the button is depressed.

48
 -""
LISTING 3

HI CLS ' Cl e a r the s c r e e n

20 FLAG = @X0 0 000 0 00 ' I nitializing

/~ II
va r i a b l e fla g as all wi ndows are clo sed
30 OCT IN = INP (100) ' I np u t t i ng f rom 4-
octal I /o
40 ALARM = OCT I N AND &X0000000 l
alarm enable/dIsable
' Inpu tt in g sta t us of

50 CHECKW = OCT IN AND &Xllll ll10 ' Che c k i n g wi ndow

rot/p ~ [~fi' ~
switc hes -
60 IF FLAG = CHECKW THEN GOTO 30 ' I f s t a t u s of
windows ha s not chan ged keep checking them
70 CLS ' Cl e ar screen ,
/f..
getting ready to di splay new window sta tu s
r:""
~4
~I
80 IF ALARM = 1 THEN OUT 100 ,1 'I f ala rm is
e nab led , tur n it on . v:
90 REM ** * Find i ng out wh i c h wi ndow(s) i s open ** *
~
II

100 WINDl = CHECKW AND &X0 0 0 0 0 01 0 ""

110 I F WIND I <> 0 THEN PRIN T "W INDOW #l 'I S OPEN" "" ~ ~

120 WIN D2 = CHECKW AND &X000 00 1 00 ""

130 IF WIND2 <> 0 THEN PRINT "WINDOW #2 IS OPEN "
"", I
140 WIND3 = CHECKW AND-&X00001000 - SWITCH -r -.
150 IF WIND3 <> 0 THEN PRINT "WI NDOW #3 I S OPEN " MAGNET ., ".. ":~'!.~
160 WIND4 = CHECKW AND &X00010000 FIG. 5-A MAGNETIC REED SWITCH can
170 IF WIND4 <> 0 THEN PRINT "WI NDOW #4 IS OPEN " also be used to make sure a window is
180 WIND S = CHECKW AND &X00100000 closed . When the magnet is next to the
190 IF WINDS <> 0 THEN PRINT "WINDOW #S I S OPEN " reed switch, the switch closes. When the
200 WIND6 = CHECKW AND &X01000000 window is opened , the switch opens.
210 IF WIND6 <> 0 THEN PRINT "WINDOW #6 IS OPEN "
220 WIND 7 = CHECKW AND &X1 00 0 0 00 0 on the l/O module, while the other
230 I F WIND7 <> 0 THEN PRI NT ~ WI N DO W #7 I S OPEN" end is connected to one of the eight
240 IF CHECKW = &X0 000 00 00 TH EN CLS 'I f no wind ows a r e inputs. The lead s at the window end
o pen , clea r the screen
250 IF CHECKW = &X00000000 THEN OUT 10 0, 0 ' If no of th e wire are co nnec ted to th e
windows are open turn off t he a la r m switch's termin als. Assuming we are
260 FLAG = CHECKW
270 GOTO 30 'Go check wi nd ows again
SOURCES
The following items are available
from DataBlocks, Inc
switch was in the opposite position , swi tc hes to the oc tal l/ O module:
579 Snowh ill Road, Glenwood GA.
the alarm would be enabled , Connect only one window switch to 30428 . Or call (800) 652-1336; in
To construct the open- window de- each of the octall/O's inputs, or con- Georgia call (912) 568-7101 .
tector system , all that is needed , be- nect several window switches to each • DP-OCT: Des ig n package with
sides the REACTS system with the input. Each meth od has its advantages schematic and instructions; $10.00.
octal 110 modu le , is some two-con- and disadvantages. If only one win- • PC-OCT: PC board for the octal II
ductor wire and a few window-mount dow is conn ected to each input, it is 0 , including design package; $37 .00.
SPS T p us h bu tto n s witc hes , Th e easy to determine exactly which win- • REC-OCT : Complete set of parts
switches that were used on our pro- dows are open. However, the number including PC board , IC's, termi nal
totype are availa ble for as littl e as of windows that can be monitored by strips , etc., but excluding relay option
listed below ; $109.00.
$ 1.29 from Mouser Electronics (240 1 using that method is limited to eight
• REC-RE L: OCTAL I/O relay optio n
Hwy 287 North, Mansfield , Texas), per l/O module because the module includes eight, 6-amp relays and ter-
and they' re available from many of has eight inputs . If several window minal strips ; $42.00.
our other advertisers as well. They are switches are co nnected to one input, • REC-CASE and PANEUR EC-OC-
mounted in the window sill so that the more windows can be monitored , but TAL: Alum inum case assembly in-
switch cl oses whe n the window is you won 't know which wind ow is cluding front and rear panels; $19.50.
shut (see Fig . 4). open. However, all the windows in • REC-KEY : 12-button keypad with
An alternative to using the push- one room can be connected to the scan-code decoding program; $9.00
button switc hes is to use magnetic same input channel; that way, an open • VAC-PROG: vacation home -con -
reed switches. The magnetic half of window could be narrowed down to trol program ; free with SASE .
the switch is mounted in the window one room in the house . • Other REACTS products are avail-
able; contact DataBlocks directly for
frame, while the reed-switch half is To co n nect o nly o ne wi ndow information and pricing.
mounted in the window casing. When switch to each input, a two-co nductor Please include $5.00 postage for
the window is shut, the magnet will wire will have to be routed from the any order of $ 37.00 or less and
pull the reed switch open or close d l/O module to each window switch. $10.00 postage for any order over ~
c
depending on the contacts' arrange- One of the two leads at the REACTS $37.00. Georgia residents must add !:<
ment (see Fig. 5). end of the wire is connected to the appropr iate sales tax. <0
co
There are two ways to connect the ground slot of the input-terminal strip ce

49
 Lawn watering system
WINDOW 1 WINDOW 2 WINDOW 3 B e s i d e s contro lling and /or
monitoring devices within the home ,
00 DO ~ -h ~I g ~ REACTS can also be used for control-
ling devices outside the house . Spe-
Vee
D0 EJE]
'.- GO cifically, the relay outputs of the octal
I/O can be connected to electrically-

~1:JC:I~
PULL-UP actuated water valves so that the sys-
RE SISTOR
DE] QD tem can be used to control a lawn

oCTAL
G3]D
110 INPUT
~I
a
WINDOW 1
- f2JD.. _ .0 0. - __0 0
ora DE]
Vee
C2110
PU LL-UP
RE SISTOR DO
CJ[?J
oCTAL
110 INPUT ..L
N.O.
FIG. 6-SEVERAL WINDOWS CAN BE MONITORED using normally-closed switches in
parallel (a) or using normally-open switches in series (b).
using normally-open switc hes , when
the window switch is open, the input
will be a logic I because all the inputs
of the module are normally pulled
high , and when the window is shut,
the input will be a logic O. If nor-
mally-close d switches are used , an
open window will be a logic 0, and a
closed window will be a logic I.
The way in which the switches are
connected to an input cha nne l de-
pends on the type of switches that are
use d. Norma lly-closed switches
should be connected in parallel (see
Fig. 6-a) so that when all of the win-
dows are down , the switches are held
open, resulting in a logic-I input. If
any of the windows are opened , the
correspo nding switch closes, causing
a logic 0 to be read at the input.
en T he normall y-open s w itc h e s
o
z
oa:
should be connected in series (see
Fig. 6-b). When the windows are
t3w down, all .of the switches are held
...J
W
closed, placing a logic 0 at the input.
o When one of the windows is opened,
o<t: the corresponding switch is opened; a
a: logic I is read at the input.
50
DO 00 watering system. Indeed, by using the
system 's real-time clock , it can pro-
vide an extremely accurate mean s of
cycli ng sprink lers on or off at pre-
~I
~
N.C. programmed times during the day.
The real-time clock has fourteen
-:: registers which contain the tenths of
seconds, units of seconds, tens of sec-
WINDOW 2 WINDOW 3 onds, units of minutes, tens of min-
utes, etc ., all the way up to tens of
years. By using the real-time clock ,
the system can be programmed to go
.
through a watering cycle daily, every
other day, every third day, or any other
schedule you like.
00 OI:ZJ In most cases, turning the valves on
or off during the watering cycle could
CJ[2] ~CJ be done on a hourly basis. Because of
that, the amou nt of program time
needed to control the system would be
~
N.O.
n-
N.O. l .
minimal. A statement that checks the
units of hours from the real -time
b
clock could be placed in the main
body of the program. When the units
change , sayan hour has passed, the
processor would then go into a sub-
routine to determine if it was time to
Listing 3 is a sample program that tum on or off any of the water valves .
would control the open-window de- Of course it probably would also be
tector. For that exam ple , we will as- desira ble to have a set of switches to
sume the following: manually tum the water valves on or
• The octal I/O module is addressed off. Switches could be wired between
at I/O port 100. the transformer and each relay to con-
• Channel 0 (same as bit 0 ) of the trol the power to the relay, or if the
octal I/O has a SPST switch con- inputs to the octal I/O were not being
nected to it that is used to enable and used, the switches could be wired to
disable the alarm . them. Each input would contro l an
• The window switches are co n- output.
nected to channels 1- 7. Besides the REACTS system and
• The alarm is co nnected to the the octal I/O mod ule , some other
channel-O output. parts that you' ll need to construct the
• Normally open switches are being watering system are the electrically-
used . actuated water valves, wiring, and a
Th e pro gr am co uld eas ily be step-down transformer. Most sta n-
changed to work in a syste m where dard e lectrical! y-actuated wa ter
several windows were connected to valves that you will find use a sole-
each channel. That could be accom- noid that operate s on 24-volts AC to
pli shed by changing the print out open and close the valve.
stateme nts to something like : To provide the power for tho se
110 IF WINDl 0 THEN PRINT "A valves , you' ll need a 117 to 24 volt
WINDOW IN ROOM #1 IS OPEN " step-down transform er, available in
The program could also be made wall-mount package s. The required
more perso nalized by printing: power rating of the transformer will
"A WINDOW IN THE UPSTAIRS depend on the power needed to acti-
BEDROO M IS OPEN" continued on page 98
We're always surrounded by some radiation. In this article
we'll show you where it comes from, how it can help or harm
you, and how to use the Radalert to warn you of dangerous
conditions.
JOE JAFFE, DAN SYTHE, and STEVE WEISS

HUMAN BEINGS HAVE BEEN EXPOSED TO
naturall y occurring ionizin g radiation
for millions of years because nuclear
reactions take place on our sun and on
other stars continuously. Their emit-
ted radiation travels through space,
and a small fraction reaches the earth .
Natural sources of ionizing radiation
also exist in the ground , the most fa-
mili ar and most common ground-
source being uranium .
Last month we showed you how to
build a nuclear radiation monitor-
the Radalert. Now we'll show you
how to use it, and how to interpret its
readings .
Ionizing radiation
Ionizing radiation is radiation that
has the ability to remove elec trons
(the process of ionization) when it
strikes or passes through an elec-
trically neutral atom. It was first dis-
the name X-rays becau se its nature
was unknown. X-rays can be gener-
ated in a vacuum tube by connecting
the tube's anode and cathode to a
source of high voltage : anything from
25, 000 to 250, 000 volts. When the
cathod e is heated it em its electrons
that travel at high speed to the anode.
The bombardment of the met alli c
anode by the electrons produces the
X-rays. The ability of X-rays to pene-
trate a variety of materials, includin g
body tissue , makes them a powerful
tool in the physical and medical sci-
ences. We now know that X-rays are a
quantum of electromagnetic energy,
also called photons .
Soon after the discovery of X-rays,
it was discovered that uranium salts
spontaneously give off radiation that
penetrates matter in the same fashion
as X-rays. Other supposedly inert ma-
terials were found to emit similar radi-
materials known as radioisotopes .
Gamma rays, one type of radiation
from those materials, are similar to X-
rays. Other types of radiation from
radioisotopes are alpha rays and beta
rays.
The emission of a gamma ray, al-
pha ray, or beta ray causes the radi-
oisotope to change from one type of
atom to another. When the emission
occurs , the atom is said to decay. The
radioactive process is an electronic
process in that it involves changes in
the electrical charge configuration of
the atom. A beta ray is actually a
particle, an electron emitted by the
atomic nucleus. A gamma ray is the
photon emitted when an electron is
added to the atomic nucleus. The al-
pha ray is a particle that consists of
two protons and two neutrons, identi-
cal to the nucleus of the helium atom,
emitted when the atom dec ays. In ~

CD
co
covered about 100 years ago and given ation , forming a class of radioactive physics theory, particles sometimes co

51

a measured in millions of electron volts
b
c domly, the half-life represents the
d
PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
The Radalert circuit uses two PC
boards; these are the ones from the
Radalert prototype. The PC-board
templates shown in the PC Service
section of the June issue, and the
(/) boards supplied in the kit. are slightly
o different from the photos so that user-
Z
oa: assembly will be easier. Most impor-
I- tant, jumpers are no longer required.
oW The main board (a) has all its com-
...J
W ponents installed on one side. The
6 display board (b and c) has compo-
o<t: nents installed on both sides. The top
a:
52
of the display board (b), what is usu-
ally called the "component side," has
the LCD display unit, the beeper, and
the two operating switches. The "sol-
der side" (c) of the display board has
the remote power and alert jacks,
IC16, and the Samtec connector.
When the case is assembled the
main board is automatically con -
nected to the display board through
the 16-pin Samtec connectors, form-
ing the circuit "sandwich" shown in d
(case removed for clarity).
beh ave like rays , which tra vel in
waves, so the terms are quite fre-
quently used interchangeably.
Gamma rays behave in the same
manner as light waves and radio waves
although the wave length s of gamma
rays are extremel y short, less than 0.1
billionth of a centimeter. However the
energy of gamma radiation is millions
of times greater than light and radio
waves. igiving it the ability to pene-
trate matter.
The energy of ionizing radiation is
(mev). Beta particles have energy val-
ues ranging from almost zero up to 1
mev. Alpha particles have energy val-
ues from 0 .1 mev up to 5 mev, and
gamma rays have energy values as
high as 100 mev.
Each radioi sotope has.a.half-life ,
which is the time required for half of a
quantity of the material to decay. For
example, thorium 234 has a half-life
of 24 days. If you start out with one
gram of thorium 234, at the end of 24
days, Y2 gram of thorium 234 will
have decayed to protactinium 234 by
emitting beta rays. Note that the -
oretically it will take an infinite time
for the thorium to decay completely
because for each succeeding half-life
only half the remaining material de-
cays. To put that into perspective,
after seven times the half-life, approx -
imately 99% of the original material
has decayed, and after 10 times the
half-life, approximately 99 .9% of the
material has decayed . The decay prod-
ucts may still be radioactive. Because
the decay process actually occurs ran-
average rate of emission .
The decay chain '
Table I shows the complete radio-
active decay chain for uranium start-
ing with U238 and ending with a
stable isotope of lead. You can see
that the half-life of the atoms in this
chain range from 4.5 billion years to
164 micro seconds , an astoni shing
span. Only the prim ary type of ray
emitted is shown, but since radioac-
tive decay is a complex phenomena,
secondary emission of the other rays
may take place to a lesser degree.
Natural radiation
Uranium and its decay products are
the most common radioacti ve mate-
rials in the ground . They are found
everywhere . All the isotopes in the
uranium decay chain are solids except
 TABLE 1
tive mate r ia ls; h e nce , they a lso
RADIOACTIVE DECAY CHAIN genera te man-made radiation. Also ,
some early color TV sets were found
Isotope Emits* Half-life Product to em it X-rays in excess of recom-
U238 alpha 4.5 billion years Th234 Thorium mend ed limit s , although more strin-
Th234 beta 24.1 days Pa234 Protactinium gent regul ation s have largely elimi-
Pa234 beta 1.17 minutes U234 Uranium nated that problem .
U234 alpha 250,000 years Th230 Thorium If you have ever taken a mantl e-
Th230 alpha 80,000 years Ra226 Radium type gas lantern on a camping trip you
Ra226 alpha 1602 years Rn222 Radon
should know that the mantle contains
Rn222 alpha 3.8 days Po218 Polonium
Po218 alpha 3 minutes Pb214 Lead
radioacti ve thorium . Altho ugh the
Pb214 beta 26.8 minutes Bi214 Bismuth package for replacement mantles has
Bi214 beta 19.7 minutes Po214 Polonium a warni ng not to keep mantles or its
Po214 alpha 164 microseconds Pb210 Lead ash near the skin for prolonged peri- -
Pb210 beta 21 years Bi210 Bismuth ods, nowhe re does it say that the man-
Bi210 beta 5 days Po210 Polonium tles are radioactive.
Po210 alpha 138 days Pb206 Lead Compounds co ntaining radioactive
" Primary emission uranium and cerium are incorporated
in porcelains used in restorative and
prosth et ic dentistry to simulate th e
- ios- radon ,-the-only-radioactive_gas.__ons ,_ their-us e_ at. Hiros hima and flu orescence of naturaLteeth. The
High co ncentratio ns of ra do n are N a g as a ki , a n d s u bse q ue n t a t- amount of these radioactive materi als
foun d in soils and rock co nta ining mospheric tes ting, signi fica ntly in- in dent al porc elain powders and ar-
ura nium, granite, shale, and ph os- creased radioact ive elements in the tificial teeth is limited by law.
phate. Trace amo unts of rado n are environme nt. The finding of high Ceram ic pottery and its glazes may
widely dist ributed in the earth's crust. conce ntrations of radioactive stro n- contain small amounts of rad ioactive
As a gas , radon mig rates through the tium in milk and other food products uranium and thorium, depending on
gro und to e nte r th e atmos phe re. led to a world-wide treaty to end at- the source of the clay.
Rad on is co lo rless , odo rless, and mospheric testing in 1963.
tasteless; it does not bum or glow. In The use of nucl ear reactor s to gen- Beneficial radiation
recent years , it has been discovered erate electricity is a majo r contributor The first, and best known, use of
that radon is a serious pro blem in to man-made increases in radiation radiation is the X-ray. Almost every
many homes. levels. The nuclear fuel cycle consists one of us has at some time been ex-
Accord ing to the Env iro nmenta l of mining and milling uranium and its posed to diagn ostic X-rays. It is hard
Protection Agency (which is more conversion to fuel material , fabrica- to imagine the practice of orthopedics
ge nerally referred to as the EPA), tion of fuel rods, use of the fuel in the or de ntistry without the use of X-rays .
radon was first not iced in the late 60's reactor, rep rocessin g of spe nt fuel , Som e uses of X-rays-such as mea-
in homes that had bee n bu ilt wit h ma- tran sp ortation an d storage of con- suring the fit of shoes in shoe stores-
terials co ntaminated by waste from tam inated materials such as tools, fil- have been long abandoned because of
uranium mines. Only rece ntly they ter s , chemical s , and clothing (so- health risks.
have learned that houses in variou s ca lled "low-level " wastes), and trans- R adioisotopes behave the sa me
parts of the U.S . may have high in- po rta tion and sto rage of high -level way in chemical reactions as the sta-
door radon levels caused by infiltra- wastes from the reprocessing of fuel ble isotope . That makes them useful
tion from the soil . The EPA has rods. Each of those steps may add in diagnosing and treating disease . If
published booklets for the public on radioactivity to the environme nt. a sample of materiai co ntaining a ra-
that topic ; they are titled A Citizen's Operation of a nuclear reactor may dioisotope of a chemical involved in a
Guide to Radon and Radon Reduction be acco mpanied by controlled small spec ific disease or physiological pro-
Methods. releases of radiation. There are fre- cess is injec ted or ingested , doctors
Phosp hate deposits throughout the que nt rep ort s of uncon troll ed re- can follow the activity of that chemi-
worl d co ntai n rela tive ly hig h con- le ases , asi de fro m maj or acc ide nts ca l within the body with appropriate
ce ntratio ns of the urani um decay such as those at Three Mile Island and instrumentation. Much of the knowl-
chain. In the U.S., about half the Chern obyl. Unfortunately, data onra- edge of thyroid function and thyroid
mined phosp hate is converted to fer- diation levels near nuclear plants are disease has com e from the use of ra-
tilizer; the rest is used to produce not generally available. Followin g the dioactive iodin e , 1131. Tumors can be
chemicals and gypsum building ma- Three Mile Island accident, the peo- loc al ized w ith ra dioac tive p hos-
teria ls . Mining and processing phos- pie livin g in the area successfully ph oru s , P32, and radioac tive chro -
phate ores distributes urani um and its sued the operator of the plant to pro- mium, Cr 51, is used in blood studies .
decay products in the environment. vide funds for setti ng up a perma nent Vitamin B 12 made with radioactive
The use of phosphate fertilizers with monitori ng system to give an early cobalt, C060, makes it possible to
high levels of radioactivity may con- warn ing of any future releases, how- identify diseases assoc iated with poor
taminate food crops . ever, the monitoring system has yet to absorption of that vitamin. '-
c
be imp leme nted. Bu siness Week magazine has re - ~
Man-made radiation Luminous dials on watches and in- ported an int erest ing side-effect of <D
The developmen t of nuclear weap- strume nt panels incorpora te radioac- using radioact ive isotopes in medi- ~
53

SOME COMMON RADIATION READINGS foun d around the office. In a, the Radalert 's
reading from a plastic drinking cup is the background radiati on level , which means the
cup is radiation-free. But b shows that the orange clay or glaze used in m aki!:!g..!!J~pJ!cher
- obvioUsly is radioactive; more so Ulan tti e tulle of Uranium-235 samples show n in c. Als o
radio active-but to a smaller degree-are the campi ng-lamp mant les shown in d.
cine. On two separate occasions , the
Secret Service asked women visiting
the White Hou se to step out of the
visitors line . A sensitive radiation de-
tector had picked up radiation from .
the women . After questi oning it was .
discovered that both women had re-
cently had injections of radioisotope
material for medical purpo ses, and
enough of the isotope remained in
their bodies to trigger a radi ation
alarm.
The uses of X-rays are not limited
to medicine and denti stry. Indu strial
appli cations include the familiar bag-
gage examination at airports, engi-
neering studies of integrated circuits,
and flaw detection in metals , includ-
ing welded joints. Non -contact thick-
ne s s m e asurem ent s o n m o ving
extru sion s of rubb er and plastic is a
common industria l application of
beta and gamma rays.
Harmful radiation
In ge neral, the biological effects of
ioni zing radiation are destructive. As
alph a, beta, or gamma radi ation pass-
es throu gh the body, it interact s with
the body 's cells. Atom s in the cells
may be ioni zed , or electrons in orbit
about the nucleus can be displaced
from one energy state to another. In
eith er case the cell s are changed from
their ori gin al form to new forms, and
the inform ation co ntained in them is
modified .
The changes that occur may cause
some cell s to stop reproducing ; other
cells may undergo mutation , or the
54
d exposure is of interest.
control mechanism in cell s that limits
cellular reproduction may fail , caus-
ing cancer.
It may take years before the effect s
of radiation become manife st , so it is
almost impo ssible to prove on an indi-
vidual basis whether there is a rela-
tion ship between radi ation exposure
and a subsequent disease. However,
two studies on larg e populations indi-
cate a statistical relationship. One
study involved the survivors of the
Hiro shim a a nd Na gasaki a to m ic
bomb blasts. Another study followed
children of mothers who had diag-
nostic X-ray procedures during preg -
nancy. As a result of the latter study,
the use of X-rays on pregnant women
has been considerably reduced .
Man y expert s used to think that if
radiation expo sure was under a certain
threshold, a person would not have
any harmful effects. Although some
still believe in the theory, the evidence
is establishing that there is no min i-
mum radiation level that can be con-
sidered safe . Radiation and Human
Health, by John W. Gofman, M .D .,
Ph .D . , is a co mprehensive investiga-
tion of the evide nce relating low-level
radi ation to disease . The Wall Street
Journ al reported in Febru ary, 1988,
that the National Institutes of Health
has launched" . .. a large -scale evalua-
tion of can c e r d e ath s occ ur r i ng
amo ng person s livin g near the over
100 reactors opera ting in the United
States."
The amount of energy recei ved
from ioni zing radiation by sensitive
bi ologi cal ti ssu es is a determining
factor in causing harm ful effects . En-
ergy is measured in ergs . If 100 ergs
of ionizi ng radiation are received by I
gram of body tiss ue , the tissue has
received I rad of radiation , a unit of
expos ure . Th e Ro entgen is another
measurem ent of expos ure, origin ally
used for X-ray machin es. One roent-
ge n equals 93 ergs per gram of tissue ,
almost the same as a rad . For some
purposes it is useful to speak of rads
per unit of time such as per minut e ,
per hour, or even per year, whil e
sometimes ju st the total accumulated
To assess the potenti al damaging
effect of radiation from radioactive
material s, we need to know th e
number of emi ssions per unit of time
and the amount-of energy of each
emission. While a Geiger count er can
easily me asure the emission rate in
counts per minute, it can only mea-
sure the energy level in rads if the
specific source of radi ation is known .
To get aro und that problem, some
Geiger counters are calibrated in
terms of millirads , or milliroentgens,
per hour (mr/hr) for a specific source
suc h as Ce sium-137 ; then , co m-
pari sons can be made for other mate-
rials. The Rad alert display is in count s
per minute , or total counts, as its main
purpose is to indicate change s in
background rad iation without the
need to know w hat th e radiation
source is , a task for more expensive
equipment. An Operating Manual for
the Radalert supplied with the parts
kit includes conversion charts be-
tween co unts per minute and mr/hr for
common isotopes .
Further inform ati on on ra diatio n
can be found in IEEE Sp ectrum ,
November, 1979, and in Report of
United Na tions Scientific Committee
on the Effects of Atomic Ra diation ,
1982.
Using the Radalert
As mentioned earlier, we are al-
ways expose d to natur ally occ urring
background rad iati on fro m oute r
space and from the earth. After you
finis h assem bling and testin g the
Radalert you can determine the back-
ground radiation level in your area .
Do that outdoors first so it can be
compared with the level inside your
hom e . Notice- by watching the cou-
nt light or listenin g to the beeper-
that back ground radiati on occur s ran-
doml y. In a northern Ca liforn ia labo-
ratory, an average CPM (Count Per
Minute) is 12.5, but a one minute cou-
nt as low as 5 or as high as 25 is not
unusual. Because of the possibility
for a large CPM variation, you need to
collect two sets of data: one for use in
setting the Alert level (which warns
you if the count in any minute is high-
er than would be norm ally expecte d);
the othe r to help yo u detect small
changes that might result from rado n
or other sources of radiation in your
home .
We suggest you set the Alert level
at a value that rare ly sounds a false
alarm, but one that still warns you
when the radiation is unusually high.
To determine that value you must first
find the normal var iatio n in back-
ground level. Standard deviation is a
descriptive statistica l-measure -of-the- - Ievelsof-radon-gas-indica ted·that aver- - higher-than outdoo rs, you-should do
variability of a set of data.
To calculate the standard deviat ion , with radon conce ntrations. (After es-
use your Radalert in the CPM mode to
measure 30 or more consecutive one-
minute read ings. Sum the read ings
and divide the sum by the numb er of
readings to get the average value .
Then take the differe nce between each
CPM value and the average, square
eac h of th ose numb er s , and sum
the m. Divide the sum by 29 (if you
have taken 30 readings , otherwise by
the number of read ings minus one).
The square root of that number is the
sta nd ar d deviatio n . A hand ca l-
culator, or a computer, will help you
do the calculations qu ickly..
A typical set of data has an average
of 12. 8 coun ts per minute, and a stan-
dard deviation of4.3. 3 x A.3 + 12.8
equals 25 .7 . Set the Alert level at 30,
the next higher increment.
Use the Radalert's Total Co unt
mode to check for small differe nces in
radiation (for example , between out-
doors and indoors). Obtain the tota l
count for a 12-hour period in each
location . When you take the count
outdoors, place the Radalert on the
ground in an unpaved area for one set
of cou nts, then get ano ther set of
cou nts with the instrument about 4 to ' to be between 1 and 5 picocuries per liter.
6 feet above the gro und . That pro-
cedure helps you detect alpha particle
rad iation from the earth , which
rapidly dissip ates in air.
Differences in radi ati on level as
low as I CPM can be detected by
comparing total counts for 12-hour
perio ds . The differences might result
from radon or concentrations of radi -
oiso topes in the eart h. Solar flares,
low-level leaks' from nearby nuclear
plants, or higher-level leaks from dis-
tant plants can cause sma ll changes in
the 12-hour count. If you keep your
Radalert operating co ntinuo us ly in
the Total Count mode and take read-
ings every 12 hours, say at 7 am and 7
pm, you will know when those events
take place . For comparison purpo ses,
it is best to convert the total count to
co unts per minute . After you take
each 12-hour reading , switch from the
Total Count mode to CPM , then back
to Total Count to reset the display to
zero .
There are differences of opinion on
the ability of Geiger counters to detect
rado n. While there's no claim that the
Ra da lert can spec ific all y measure
radon gas, ex perime nts in a con-
tro lled env iron me nt with different
age counts per minut e did rise and fall
tablis hing the norm al background ra-
diation for a controlled-environment
test site, the background radiation was
subtracted from the tota l counts.) Pre-
liminary results are shown in Fig. I.
The radiation detected is a combina-
tion of the emi ssions from radon and
its "daughters," or " progeny."
35
33
w
/ /
S 31
z /
:E 29 / Radalert
0::
w /
~ 27 /
>- / Some commercial gemstones used
52
o
5
/ in jewelry may have had their color
<..>
~ 23 J enhanced by neutron bombardment,
::> J thereby making them radioactive .
:~
; 2
"" 1
1 vio us ly used in radiation ther apy.
o 10 20 30. 40 50 60 70
RADON CONCENTRATION IN pCi/1
FIG. 1-GEIGER TUBE COUNTSvs. radon
con centration. The CPM scale starts at 17 other instrument with a luminescent
CPM, which was the background radiation
at the testing station. The radon con-
centration at the test station is assumed
The Rado n Technical Inform ation
Service of the Researc h Triangle In-
stitute prepared a Cumulative Profi-
ciency Report for the EPA in Jul y,
1987. The report describes the ap-
proved radon testing methods , and the
advantages and disadvantages of each
met hod . The use of the Radalert in
conjunction with the EPA methods
reduces the possibilities of error.
Radon entrance
The most likely entrance points for
radon in homes or other buildin gs are
cracks or openings in the floor around
pipes or conduit, unsealed wall-floor
jo ints, and underground hollow block
walls. Dirt floors in basements are
particularly vulnerabl e. Unventilated
basements or closets normally have
higher levels of radon than well-venti-
lated areas . For best results, keep air
exchanges between indoors and out-
doors at a minimum 12 hours before
and during the test.
Place the Radalert on the floor near
any suspected entrance point. Set the
displ ay for Total Count and accumu-
late the counts for 12 hours in each
locati on . If the 12-hour average CPM
in your home is more than I-CPM
further testing for radon using carbon
c an is te rs o r o the r EPA-approved
methods.
Common radiation
You may find that you have radio ac-
tive item s in your home . Pottery and
glazed dinnerware are potential
sources of radiation if they are made
from uranium-bearing clays or ura-
nium oxides . If you have an y ce-
ramicware with oran ge glazes, check
it carefully for higher radiation levels.
Also , static eliminators for record s
and photographic film may contain
polonium , an alpha emitter. Use the
in the CPM mode with the
beeper Oil to identi fy those items.
Al so , go ld jewelry has been mad e
from reprocessed gold that was pre-
Ch ec k th o se produ ct s with your
Radalert in the CPM mode.
Do you have a watch , clock, or
dial ? Place its face as close as possibl e
to the alpha window on the Rad alert
and see if there is an increase in radi-
oactivity. Observe the change in CPM
for di fferent distanc es between the
Radalert and the dial , and you can see
how much of the count was due to
alpha rays, compared to beta or gam-
ma rays . Rep eat these experi me nt
with a replacement mantle for a gas
lantern . You may be surprised by the c...
c
results . Do not handl e the mantl e di- r.<
rectl y; keep it in its plastic bag.
Radiation from outer space is at-
55
 tenuated by coll isions with air mole-
cules so the radiation at sea level is
normally lower than at higher eleva-
tions. Figure 2 shows the relationship
between CPM and altitude based on
15-minute average readings taken in
California from the top of the ski lift at
Heavenly Valley (10,000 feet) to sea
level.
40
UJ
>- 30
::;)
z
3E
c::
UJ
<1-
20
en
>-
Z
::;)
0
u 10
o 1000 2000 3000 4000
ALTITU OEO-fEET
FIG. 2-THE BACKGROUND RADIATION at various altitudes, measured from a ski-lift.
The altitude effect is particul arly
noticeabl e when traveling by air at
35 ,000 to 40 ,000 feet. Radiation lev-
els 30 to 50 times higher than on the
ground have been measured at these
altitudes.
At times of solar flares the radiati on
level may go considerably higher, so
supersonic aircraft, which fly as high
as 60 , 000 fe et , have radiati on-
monitoring equipment to alert the pi-
lot to move the plane to lower altitudes
if the radiation reaches a predeter-
min ed level. Make some radiation
measurements with your Radalert on
your next flight , with the beeper offso
that you don't disturb any of the other
passengers.
You can esta blish a baseline of
background radiat ion if you live , or
frequentl y drive , near a nuclear power
plant ; then you can observe chang es
from the baseline due to controlled or
uncontrolled releases of radioacti vity.
A baseline of 12-14 CPM for a local
nuclear plant was established during
drive-bys on a number of occasions.
But on one oc cas ion the CPM in-
cre ased to 22, an increase of over
50%.
en Use your Radalert in your car. You
o
z
o
may be able to detect vehicles trans-
a: porting radioac tive materials, or dis-
fo-
oW cover you are passing a phosph ate
...J mining region , or other radioactive
W
o dep o sit s . With the so u nd-selec to r
o-c switch set for the Count position the
a: audible beeps will help you recog nize
56
short-time radiation increases that
might be masked by averaging.
Exploring for underground radio-
active materials can be an interesting
hobb y. Gemstone s may be found to-
gether with, or may contain, radioac-
tive mat e ri al s ; a lso, hi gh radon
co nce ntratio ns are present in so me
caves, so be careful if your Radalert
• SOURCE
5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10,000
indicates higher than normal radia-
tion levels while exploring . Radio ac-
tive materials can be hazardous if
inhaled or handled carelessly.
In-home tests
As mentioned earl ier, ordinary
common household item s produce a
slight- thoug h not nec essarily un-
safe- radioactivity. The photographs
on page 54 show the reading s attained
when the Rad alert was used to check
some of those items .
If you work in the nuclear industry,
or in a hospital or laboratory that uses
radioisotop es, you may want to con-
vert Radalert readin gs to mr/hr.For
Cobalt-60 , divide the CPM reading
by 958 to o bta in mr /h r. For Ce-
sium-137, divide by 982. This rela-
tionship for the LND 712 Geiger tube
was obtain ed at Battelle Laboratories
using sources traceable to the Nation-
al Bureau of Stand ards. If you have
access to calibrated sources of other
isotopes, you can determine the ap-
propriate conversion factor for your
isotopes.
What should you do if the Radale rt
shows abnormally high radiation lev-
els in the CPM mode ? First , you
sho uld seek co nfirmatio n of your
read ings. Public Health Departments,
ho spital health ph ysics or nucl ear
medicine departments, civil defense
offices , EPA offices, police or fire de-
partments, are possible places with
radi ation-monitorin g equipment. Be-
fore you start doing your own mea-
surements, you might want to find a
contact you could c all for con-
firmation if the Radalert gives an alert
signal, or other indication of unusual
radi ati on activ ity. Should there be
confirmat ion, keep in touch with your
local authorities and follow their in-
struc tions. Be aware that radiation
from airborne radi oact ive particles
will be less in a closed house or inside
a build ing .
A complete kit of Radalert parts
which includ es assemb ly instructions
and an operating manual is available
for $153.50 postpa id. The Geiger
tube , the LCD display, and a set of PC
boards with plated-through holes are
individually available .
A completely assembled and test-
ed Radalert includi ng an operating
manual is priced at $229 postpaid.
From: International Medcom , 7497
Kennedy Rd ., Sebastapol , CA
95472 . O r call toll-free ,
1-800 -257-3825 . In CA
1-800-255-3825. For technical infor-
mation contact International Medcom
at the above address.
If you don't have (or can't get) con-
firmation of a general increase in radi -
ation, you should try to identify a
localized source: a parked truck with
radioacti ve material s, an excavation
that has uncovered radioacti ve depo s-
its, or even a contain er of radioactive
material that has been disposed of il-
legall y. The radiation level from such
a source will decrease by the inverse
square law ; th at is , if you move
around with the Rada lert and the level
decreases by a factor of four, you will
be twice the distance from the source .
Or conversely, if the level goes up by
a factor of four, you are only half the
distance to the source . If you see evi-
dence of a localized source, notify the
authorities and get as far away as you
can. Up to now, there has not been a
large scale use of Geiger counters out-
side of lab or atories and nuclear
plants, which has limited our knowl-
edge of the potenti al existence of lo-
ca lized "hot spo ts" of naturally
occurring and man-made radiation.
The dispersion of man-made radia-
tion throughout the environment is
still generally unknown. We hope the
use of the Radalert to collect and dis-
seminate radiation data will contrib-
ute to better under standing of these
important subjec ts . R-E
 WHETH ER AN INTERFACE BUS IS CALLE D

G ENERAL the I.E .E.E. 488 , the General Pur-

pose Interface Bus (GPIB), or the
Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus (HP-
IS ), all three describe essentially the
same thing; an orderly and predicta-
P URPOSE ble way to exchange digital data and
maintain control between instrumen-
tation devices.
First we'll concentrate on exactly
I NT ERFACE what the GPIS is, and how it's config-
ured in an instrumentat ion network.
Then we 'll give numerous practical

B us tips on various operating data modes

and cabling methods. We will look at
supporting GPIB instrumentation ,
(such as a bus analyzer, a bus ex-
tender, a bus translator) and examine
Hook up your various GPIB configured systems. Fi-
test instruments nally, we 'll examine the Hewlett-
Packard Interface Loop (HP-IL),
to a which is a means of accomplishing
General Purpose the same goals only with lower
Interface Bus. powered (sometimes battery-oper-
ated) and less expensive instrumenta-
tion and hardware.

GPIB beginnings
The IEEE-488 instrumentation in-
terface s t a nd a r d evol ved with
Hewlett-Packard , who began in Sep-
tember 1965 to examine how they
would standardize their future test in-
stru mentation. Next , the Interna-
tional Electrotechnical Commission
VAUGHN D. MARTIN (IEC) took the resulting HP proposal
as a starting point , and in 1974 issued
a draft, for ballot vote by its members.
In 1975, the Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers (IEEE) pub-
lished their now-famous IEEE-STD
488 . In January of 1976, the Amer-
ican National Standards Institute
(ANSI) published their MC1.l , which
is identical to the IEEE-488 standard.
There are now two more standards ,
the IEC 625-1 and the British Stan-
dard B.S . 6146, which are also both
ide ntical to the IEEE -488 standard
with the exception of the type of con-
nector used to interface the hardware .
The IEEE-48 8 standard and its
clones have been published in nine
languages, used by more than 250
equipment manufacturers in 14 coun-
tries to design more than 2,500 dif-
ferent instruments. To say that it was E
well accepted as the absolute instru- ~
ment-interface standard would be an co
understatement ! ~

57
 stand able th at co mpo ne nt damage
would occ ur if data communication
and instrument interfaces were acc i-
1 13
0000000000000 dentall y interconnected .
In Europe , approxima tely 90% of
000000000000
M ~ bu s-c om patibl e equipme nt presentl y
uses the IEEE-488/ANSVMCl.l-type
connector, and there are adaptors for
interconnecting 25-pin and 24 -p in
-. conn ector s .
CONTACT SIGNAL LINE CONTACT SIGNAL LINE
GPIB Specifications
1 0101 14 0105
When the controlled device such as
2 010 2 15 0106 printer s, DMM's, frequenc y counters,
3 0103 16 0107
etc . are commanded to do something,
such as make a measurement on a par-
4 0104 17 0108 ticular band of frequencies, it is said
5 REN 18 GNO 15)
that the controller "talks"and the re-
sponding devices "listen."
6 EOI 19 GNO 16) Every GPIB device must be capable
_ _7 OAV 20 GND (7)- oL performing one or mo re-interface
functions or roles. A listener is a device
8 NRFD 21 GND (8) capable of receiving data over the inter-
9 NOAC 22 GN D 19) face when addressed . Exampl es of that
type of device are: printers, display de-
10 IFC 23 GND (10)
vices, programmable power supplies,
•
11 SRG 24 GND (11) a nd pr ogr ammable sig na l so ur ces .
There can be up to 15 active listeners
12 ATN 25 GNO (12)
simultaneously using the interface.
13 SH IELD A talker device is capable of trans-
mittin g data over the interface when
FIG. 1-IEC 625-1 USES A 25-pin submin iature Ootype connector. addressed. Examples of that type of de-
vice are: tape readers, voltmeters that
CONNECT TO output data, and counte rs that output
EARTH ATN IFC NRFD EOI 0103 0101 data. There can be only one active talk-
GROUND -----... SHIELD SRO I N~AC DAV 0104 0102 er on the interface bus at a time .
A controller is a device capable of
spec ifying an instrument as either a
talker or a listener for an information
transfer (including itself). A computer
with an appropriate l/O card is an exam -
ple of a controller. There can be only
one active controller on the interface
GROUND PAIRED PAIRED PAIRED 0108 0106
bus at a time; although multiple control-
WITH WITH WITH ler systems are allowed, only a single
10 8 6 0107 0105
PAIRED PAIRED PAIRED REN controller can be the system's master.
WITH WITH WITH As shown in Fig. 3, the 15:1 ratio of
, 11 9 7 / controll ed devices to controller may be
v
PART OF TWISTED configured in either a linear or a star
PAIRS WITH form.
OPPOSING PINS
TO BE GROUNDED
NEAR TERMINATION
OF OTHER WIRE STAR LINEAR

FIG. 2-GPIB USES A 24-pin miniature ribbon-type American standard connector.

~ Comparing connectors Electronic Indu st ry A sso ciation 's

z The IEC 62 5-1 uses the 25-pin sub-
~ mini ature D-typ e connector, shown in
o Fig. I , rath er than a 24-pin ribbon
~ type specified by the Ameri can stan-
6w dard s , shown in Fig . 2 . Unfortunatel y,
o as man y of you know, the 25-pin D-
C'f type connector is used as part of the
Standard RS -23 2-C ; an interface be-
tween Data Terminal Equipment and
D at a C ommuni c at ions Equ ipment
e m p loy ing serial binary data int er-
cha nge . Th at standa rd uses voltages
up to ± 25V at 1/2 amp sho rt circuit FIG. 3-THE STAR ANO LINEAR form of
current. Th erefore , it is quite und er- instrument networking.

58
 In total there are 16 active signal-bus
line s; refer to Fig . 4. The term bus
means a collective grouping of signals;
those groups are either data , interface
management, or byte transfer. Each bus
is independent. In other words, the data
bus would never have either byte trans-
fe~ or bus management signals flowing
en
::> through it.
al
I-
en ...:IE
Z
::>
..,...
al ...
t:>
en
::> HP-IL KIT
...en c(
z
c(
al

~
Hewlett Packard offers The HP-IL
interface/prototyping kit. That kit, the
<
Z
c(
l=
......:IE Cl
HP 82166C, costs $395 and consists
..,...
c(
of two converters, a test board, cab-
~ ~ ling , and excellent documentation
INSTRUMENT ~ which allows prototyping of loop-
B
TALK AND
compatible products. Its key compo-
LISTEN nents consist of the HP-IL interface
connection, the HP-IL transformer
set, and the HP-IL panel receptacle.

INSTRUMENT
C
LISTEN-ONLY The message transfer scheme used is
asynchronou s byte-serial/bit-parallel ,
with a three-wire interlocking hand-
shake transfers. What all of that means
is three handshaking lines acknowledge
if the Data Are Valid (DAV); if the de-
. vice addressed is Not Ready For Dat a
(NRFD) ; or if the Data Are Not Accept-
ed (NDAC). Figure 5 is a timing di-
agram of the handshaking signals for
unambiguous transfer of data bytes . Ta-
ble I summarizes those handshaking
IFC- INTERrACE CLEAR
signals.
,,==::::}~~~~~ATN ATIENTION
SRQ - SERVICE REQUEST To ensure data transfer integrity, the
REN - REMOTE ENABLE following three conditions must be met:
EOI - END OF IDENTITY
1. The slowest device on the bus will
determine the transfer rate during the
,=======:§~~~DAV
NRFD- -DATA
NOT VALID
READY FOR DATA
transfer of that command.
2. More than one device can accept data
NDAC - NOT DATA ACCEPTED
at the same time.
FIG. 4-THREE SEPARATE BUS LINES are used to control data flow. 3. Every byte transferred must undergo
a handshake (except for parallel poll
response).
The interface-management bus lines
TABLE 1-HANDSHAKING SIGNALS are responsible for the orderly flow of
information ; Table 2 lists those lines
Name Description and their functions . Of particular im-
DAV Data Valid: Used to indicate the condition of the information on portance is the ATIENTION (ATN) line,
the Data 1/0 lines. Driven low by the source when data is settled since all devices must monitor that
and valid, and NRFD high has been sensed. line and respond within 200 ns after it
NRFD Not Ready for Data: Used to indicate the condition of readiness becomes active (goe s low). When the
of device(s) to accept data. Accepter sets its NRFD low to indicate ATIENTION line is active, it places the
it is not ready to accept data. The NRFD line to the talker will not management bus lines in the Com-
go high until all addressed listeners are ready to accept data. mand Mode, which serves four main
NDAC Not Data Accepted: Used to indicate the condition of accep-
functions:
tance of data by device(s). The accepter will set its NDAC low to
indicate it has not accepted data. When it accepts data from the
1. Selection of the instruments that
Data 1/0 lines, it will release its NDAC line. However, the NDAC will send and accept data.
line to the talker will not go high until the last/slowest listener has 2. Selection of the specific interface
accepted the data. operation, which includes five multi-
line commands and four uniline com- ~

to
co
mands: INTERFACE CLEAR (IFC), ce

59
 mand, to provide additional com -
TABLE 2-MANAGEMENT LINES mand code s.
Every instrument designed to the
Name Description GPIB stand ard has a device address
ATTN Attention: Causes all devices to interpret data on the bus as a that is usually selectable , and that de-
controller command, and act ivates their accepter handshake vice addre ss is used by the active con-
funct ion (command mode). troller in the Command Mod e to
IFC Interface Clear: Initializes the GPIB system to an ideal state (no specify who talks (via a Talk Address)
activity on the bus). and who listens (via Listen Address).
SRQ Service Request: Alerts the controller to a need for commu nica-
tion .
A device's address is usually pre-set
REN Rem ote Enable: Enables devices to respond to remote program at the factory and can be reset during
control when addressed to listen. system configuration by an address
EOI End or Identify: Indicates last data byte of a mum-byte se- switch, jumpers, or front-panel entry ;
quence ; also used with ATN to parallel poll devices for their status that switch is typicall y located on the
bit. outside rear panel of the device but
could be internal. The decimal equi v-
alent of the 5 least significant bits of
the switc h determines the device's ad-
dress on the interface .
FIRST DATA BYTE SECOND DATA BYTE
01018 GPIB limitati on s
(CDMPOSITef The basic limitations on the GPIB
NOT
H-- - -
NOT VALID VALID
operation are: the interconnecting ca-
DAV ble length between GPIB devices, the
L-
H- .. - .- , -,. .. -.- maximum transfer rate of data, and
I
I f
I
J
I I
I I
, I
I the maxim um number of GPIB de-
NRFD I I I I I I

L --...L..J...J
NONE READY I , I I I I NONE vices that can be configured in a GPIB
~ -----,~ network . All can be effectively dealt
H-
NDAC SOME READY ( {
I I
t :
I I
1 READY
with if you are aware of certain GPIB
L- - ----+-.L-J,..........~ NONE ACCEPTED '~ NONE accessory equipment.
ACCEPTED
ALL SOME ACCEPTED ALL
As shown in Fig. 6, cable-length
ACCEPTED • ACCEPTED limitations can be reduced or elimi-
nated by using bus-extender devices.
FIG. 5-TIMING DIAGRAM FOR HANDSHAKING signals on GPI~ bus.
The HP 3720JA and the HP 37203A
are two bus extenders that we'll con-
sider. The HP 3720JA is specifica lly
designed to operate with a wide range
of sy nchro nous or asynchronous
modems over private lines , leased
lines , or public sw itched (dial -up)
telephone networks . That data inter-
face is compatible with RS-232C
asynchronous data rates of 150, 300,
600 and 1200 bits/seconds.
The HP 3720JA provides for error
checking/correcting comm unications
TWIN·PAIR CABLE
OR protocol that protect s against errors
~~a~~~:::- TELEPHONE CHANNel introduced by poor-qua lity data cir-
cuits. That instrument even provides
immunity to major interruptions in
the data link , such as dropout s, line
breaks and modem sync. loss; and it
recovers automatically without loss of
data.

(f)
o
'""-_'" (I oij,I Data -Transfer-Rate limitations
mandate that every device be turned-
on; that all devices participatin g in the
Z data tran sfer use three-state drivers;
oc::: that the cable length not exceed 15
FIG. 6-USING GPIB EXTENDERS AND MODEMS, GPIB devi ces can be conn ected if
I-
oLU separ ated by great distances. meters, or have more than one device
..J
LU
per meter of cable ; and that the capac-
o REM aDE ENAB LE (REN), ATTENTION 3. Specific device addressing for lis- itive loadin g should be limited to 50
is (ATN), and ID ENTI FY (IDY) when both tener device s. pF per device .
«
c::: ATN and EO! are active . 4. Issuing a specific secondary com- continued on page 98
60

FIG. 1-PIN CONNECTIONS of the LM13600 dual OTA are as shown. Q
each IC contains two OTA's.
LAST TIME (MAY 1988) WE DISCUSSED THE
basic ope rating principl es of th e
CA3080 Operati on al Tran sconduc-
tance Amplifier (OTA), and showed
how it can be used to make various
types of voltage- or current-controlled
amplifiers and micro-p ower Schmitt
trigg e r s, c o m pa r a tors, a nd o s-
cillato rs. However, the CA3080 has
relatively high distortion and an un-
buffered high-impedance output.
In this article we will introdu ce you
to an imp roved second- generation
OTA; the LM13600 . That device is
actually a dual OTA , as shown by the
pinout of Fig. I. The package also
incorporates lineari zing diodes that
greatly reduce signal distortion , and a
coupled output-buffer stage that can
provide a low-impedance output.
The two OTA's of the LM13600
share common supplies, but are other-
wise fully independent. All elements
are integrated on a single chip, so both
OTA's have closely matched charac-
teristics (transconductance values are
typicall y matched withi n 0 .3 dB ),
making the IC ideal for use in stereo
applications . The commercia l version
of the LM13600 can be powered from
a split supply of up to 18 volts , or a
single-ended supply of up to 36 volts.
ITH OTA's
Linearizing diodes
Figure 2 shows a basic co i
diagram for one of the OTA's in (
LM13600 . Basically, that OTA is at
mo st identica l to th e o ne in th e
CA3080, except for the addition of
linearizing-diodes Dl and D2. Those
are integrated with QI and Q2 , and
have characteristics that are matched
to the base-emitter junctions of QI
and Q2. In use , equal low-value re-
FIG. 2-SIMPLIFIED circuit of an LM13600
OTA shows one of the more basic ways of
using the IC.
The LM13600 is a second-
generation dual Operational
Transconductance Amplifier
that can be used as a voltage-
eontrolled amplifier, resistor,
or oscillator. In this article
ow you how.
is
(l 0 /2
earizing i
tive feedbac
fier and substa
nal distortion . If S i
10 , the output curren Ii
equal to 2 x Is X (Is
gain of the circuit can'be Jl mH 6
either by ISlAS or 10 , In use,
ISlAS should both be limited to a
imum of 2 rnA.
The graph of Fig. 3 shows typical
distortion levels of the LM13600 at
various peak-to-peak input voltages,
with and without the use of the lin-
earizing diodes. At a 30-mV input,
the distortion is below 0.03 % with the
diodes, and 0.7 % without them . At a
100-mV input, the distortion is rough-
ly 0.8 % with the diodes , and 8%
without them .
c....
C
Controlled-impedance buffers ~
Figure 4 shows the internal circuit CD
CD
of each half of the LM13600 . The two CD
61
 40 via the buffer stage, which is loaded
20
A via R6.
10
// The circuit in Fig. 5 is powered
from du al 9-volt suppli es. The current
v /
4.0
/' 10 is fixed at about 0 .8 rnA via Rl , but
I BI AS is variable via R7 and an exter-
cf!. 2.0
/ / nal gain-co ntrol voltage. When the
Z
o ~</;o . /
V / ga in-co ntrol voltage is at the nega-
~ 1.0 tive-suppl y level of - 9 volts, ISlAS is
~
en
o 0.4
~ ~~~'\ J zero and the circuit has an overall ga in
of - 80 dB . When the gain-co ntrol
I-
:::::>
'\'
./
V / voltage is at the positive-supply value
f3 0.2
o
0.1
-: ~y
-,~<:> of + 9 volts, ISlAS reaches a value of
roughly 0. 8 rnA, and the circuit has a
./
/' ~-Y gain of roughly 1.5. The gain is fully
.04

.02 -: - .>
variable within those limits via the
gain-control input. The circuit is a
non-inverting amplifier, since the in-
.01 put signal is fed to the non-inverting
4 10 20 40 100 200
INPUT VOLTAGE, mV pop input of the OTA. It can be used as an
invertin g amplifier by feeding the in-
FIG. 3-TYPICAL DISIORTJON_LEVELS_of the _LM13600_0TA,_with.and.without the use of - put signal-to the 0TA invertin g input
the linearizing diodes.
instead.
Because the two hal ves of th e
LM 13600 h ave closel y match ed
.... ------------ ,2.y../1i\.... - - - - - - - - - --..., characteristic s, the IC is ideal for use
I ' , I
I I
in s te reo - a mp l if ie r appl ications .
I I Using both halves of an LMl3600 you
I ,l , can make two amplifiers like the one
I 7 I IN
I '( in Fig . 5 . Then , if you conn ect both
: I gain-control input s together, and feed
I I BUFFER them from a single gain-control volt-
I I
1 ~ ag e and c urre nt-limit ing resi stor,
DIODE ( 2' ' 8 lO UT you 'll have a voltage-controlled stereo
BIAS "T' "r' amplifier.
,1,02 ,l, OTA
OTA + l,,~, , ;} OUTPUT
The YCA circuit of Fig. 5 ca n be
used as an amplitude modul ator or 2-
INPUTS{ _ (~'_I----=-+_---J
',.' 09
quadrant multiplier by simply feedin g
, J. the carrier signal to the OTA input,
ISlAS I 1 '.~-+-I
'1' and the modulation signal to the ga in-
I control input. If desired, the gain-
I control pin can be DC-biased so that a
I
I 05 carrier output is available while no
I AC-input signal is applied . Figure 6
I
L - - - - ---vs
{6'.-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - shows a practical example of an inver-
:» ting-amplifi er circuit of that type . The
FIG. 4-INTERNAL CIRCUIT of one half of the LM13600 dual OTA. Each LM13600 IC AC-modulation signal modul ates the
contains two of these ci rcuits. amplitude of the carri er-output signal.
Figure 7 shows how one half of an
output transi stors (Q12 and Q13) are output-voltage level of the OTA, so LMl3600 ca n be used as a ring modu -
connected for use as a controlled-im- the buffer should not be used in preci- lator or 4-quadrant multipli er. In that
pedan ce Darlington emitter-follower sion DC- amplifi er applic ation s. circ uit, there is no ca rrier output
buffer stage. When the base of Ql 2 is whe n the modul ati on voltage is at
connected to the output of the OTA, vc« circuits ground level , but increases when the
and the emitter of Ql3 is connected to Figure 5 shows the circuit of a Volt- modulation voltage moves positi ve or
the negative supply ( - Y) via a suit- age-Controll ed Amplifier (YCA) negative with respect to g round .
~ able load resistor, the buffer makes using half of an LMl3600 Ie. The Wh en the modul ation voltage is
Z the OTA 's high-imped an ce output input signal is fed to the non-in verting positive, the carrier-output signal is
a! signal available at a low-impedance terminal of the OTA via current-limit- inverted relative to the carrier input;
o level . The output current of each buff- ing resistor R4 . The high-impedance and when the modul ation voltage is
~ er stage should be limited to 20 rnA output of the OTA is loaded by R5 , negative , the carrier output is non-
w
o maximum. Note that the output of the which determines the peak amplitude inverted .
o-c buffer stage is about 1.2 volts (two of the output signal. The output signal The circuit in Fig . 7 is similar to the
a: base-emitter voltage drop s) below the is available at a low-impedance level circuit in Fig . 6 , exce pt that the com-
62
 pon ent values show n are suited for rent is ge nerated until the OTA's out- The basic ga in of the amplifier in
operation from a dual 15-volt supply, put goes high enough to turn on the Fig . 9, with no 10 cur re nt , is 40 .
and that ISlAS is adjustable via R7 . Darlin gton buffer and the linearizing Therefore , with an input sig nal of 30
The OTA 's output (inverted relative to diod es. An increase in 10 redu ces the mY p-p, the OTA 's output of 1.2 volts
the input signal) feed s into the one OTA's gai n, and negati ve feedback p-p is not enough to ge nerate an 10
end of R5 , and ' at the same time the hold s the outp ut at a steady level. current , so the OTA opera tes at full
inp ut sig na l feed s direct ly int o the
other end of R5 . Potenti ometer R7 is
adj usted so that when the mod ulation
inp ut is tied to ground, the overall
gain of the OTA is such that its output
current exactly balances (ca nce ls) the
ca rrier input current to R5 . Unde r that
co ndition the circuit has no carrier
output. When the mod ulation input
goes positi ve , the OTA 's ga in in -
creases and its output signal exceeds
that caused by the carrier input to R5,
so an inverted output signal is gener-
ated. Co nversely, whe n the modula- GAIN
CONTROL 0
tion.inpu t goesnegajiye the OTA's INPUT
gain dec reases and the carrier input to
R5 excee ds the output of the OTA ;
therefore , a non-in verted output sig- FIG. 5-A VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED amplifier (VCA) is one application for the LM13600.
nal is ge nerated. The LM13600 is also well suited for use as a stereo amplifier because it contains two
matched amplifiers.
Offset biasing
The circuits in Figs. 5-7 are shown

J L:,~
wit h the OTA' s input biased by fixed- R4
. valu e 470-ohm resistor s wired be- 27K

twee n the two input term inals and

---1 121---; 10 1 - - - - '
ground. In practice , that simple ar- " / .... ~

rangeme nt may cause the circuit 's DC

level at the output to shift slightly
when the gain-co ntrol input (l BIAS) is
var ie d betwe en it s minim um and
maximu m value . If de sired , that level-
shifting effect can be eliminated by
adding a presett a ble offse t-a dj ust
co ntrol, as shown in Fig . 8. Potenti- MODULATION O- --;Ir -----t - --'VIfIr--t----'
INPUT CARRIER
ometer R4 enables the relat ive values OUT
of the biasing resistors, R2 and R3, to
be varied over a limited range . To
adj ust the offset bias , reduce I BlAS to FIG. 6-AN AMPLITUDE MODULATOR or 2-quadrant multiplier can be made using one
zero, note the DC level of the output half of the LM13600.
s igna l, and then increa se I BlAS to
max imum and adjust R4 for the same
DC-output level. R5
CARRIER 10K R4
INPUT 4JK
AGe amplifier o-----f(--~'Itr-.--,
Figure 9 shows how to make an Ct
Automatic Gain Co ntro l (AGC) am - 2.2fLF R2
plifier in whic h a 100:I change in the 4700
input-sign al amplitude causes only a
5:I change in the output amplitude. In R3
that circuit, IBIAS is fixed by R4 , and 47011
the output signal is available directl y
across R5 . The output bu ffer is fed
from the output of the OTA and is
used as a signa l rectifier. The rec tified 0
output of the buffer is smoo thed via OUT <-
c
R6 and C2, and used to apply the 10 ~ ~
-"
current to the linearizing diodes of the CD
co
OTA. However, no significa nt 10 cur- FIG. 7-THE CIRCUIT SHOWN HERE is a ring modulator or 4-quadrant multiplier. co

63
 (

gain. With an input of 300 mV, how- falls to 2 (an output of 6 volts p-p). Resi stor (VC R), u sin g th e ci rc uit
ever, the OTA's output is enough to The circ uit thus has a 20:I signal co m- shown in Fig. 10. The basic theory is
generate a significant 10 curre nt , and pression over that range . as follows: A n AC signal app lied to
the circ uit's negative feedback auto- the R x terminals feeds into the invert-
matically reduces the ou tput level to Voltage-controlled resistors ing terminal of the OTA via C l, the
3.6 volts p-p, givi ng an overall ga in of O ne unu su al app lica tio n of the output-b uffer trans istors, and the RSI
II. 7 . With an input of 3 volts, the ga in LMl 3600 is as a Voltage-Contro lled R A attenuator. Th e OTA wi ll then
generate an output current that is pro-
portional to V IN and IB IA S ' There-
fore, because R = VII, the R x
termi nal functions as an AC resis tor
whose value is determ ined by I B IA S '
Th e effective resi stanc e bet ween
the R x term inals of the circuit in Fig .
10 eq ua ls (RS + RA)/(gm x R A ) ,
where gm (tra nsco nducta nce) is ap-
proximately 20 x I BI A S ' That for-
mula can be approx imated as R x =
RS/(I BIAS x 20 R A ) . Using the co m-
ponent values show n, R x equals ap-
proximately-IO megohms-when it has
an IB IA S current of I !-LA , and IO kilo-
hms when it has an IB IA S current of I
rnA .
FIG. 8-A METHOD OF APPLYING offset biasing to the LM13600.
Voltage-controlled fiIters
A voltage-contro lled low-pass filter
+ 9V ~~.JtIt,fy---------, can be implemented by using one half
R4 of an LMl 3600 in the configuration
22K
, , , , , , , , Yz lM13600 shown in Fig . II. In that circuit, the
r~,1 5r- - -\ l1r- - -\ 12r - - -\10r- - --, values of RS , C2, and I B IA S contro l
Rl I I
the cut-off frequency (fa) of the filter.
470n
,~
13
l The input signal is applied to the non-
' r' I
Cl '=' R2 I I in verting term inal of the OTA via
V 2.21l F 470n 1. I
voltage-divider netw6rk RI /R2. The
~(-.JtIt,fy-'-"'-
R3
- 4', 14',
T
II
I OTA 's output signal is "followed" by
4.7K I I the buffer stage and fed back to the
L - _ .... - -{j')---{.)- ---c~{'}---~, oJ inverting te rm ina l via an identical
voltage -div ider network , RSIR A . The
basic OTA operates as a non-inverting
- 9V 471lFJ lBon amplifier with a ga in of RSIR A , but
because the input signal to the OTA is
FIG. 9-AN AGC AMPLIFIER adjusts its own gain according to the magnitude of the input applied via a voltage divider with a
signal. value eq ual to RSIR A , the overa ll cir-
cuit operates as a uni ty-gain voltage
follower.
r--..e-.--..-... + 15V At low frequ encies , C2 has a very
Cl R5
lOOK R4 high impedance and is able to be fully
2.21l F 15K charged by the OTA's output current,
)
, , ,. , , , , , Y.!: LM13600 so the circ uit operates as a voltage
....4......151----i
I ~
11 1--
<.: »
-~
"
121-- --(<::»
10I- - --,
I follower as was previously describ ed .
I I As the frequ ency increases, C2's im-
,~ I pedance decreases and is no longer
13
Rl ' 1' I able to be fully cha rged by the OTA's
470n
I I
,~ I output curren t, so the output signal
'------{ 14 I
' T' I starts to attenuate at a rate of 6-dB-
(j)
o I I per-octave . The cut-off poin t of the
z
o VOLTAGE
R2
27K
L_ _ _ .....{ 6\.- ..(16'1- - - - -i' 9\- - __ .J
,/ .... J ..... J circuit, defined as the point where the
a: CONTROL o-W\-"-- - - - + - - - '
out put falls by 3 dB , occurs when
I-
o INPUT X c /20I BlAS equals RSIRA , as shown
ill
....J by the form ula in the diagram (gm is
ill
ais approxi mately equal to 20 x I BIA S ) '
With the component values that are
FIG. 1G-A VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED RESISTOR can be used as an electronically-con-
-c
a: trolled resistor. shown in Fig. II , the filter 's cut-off
64
 point occ urs at abo ut 45 Hz with an
ISlAS of I f.L A , and at 45 kH z wi th an
R5 I BIAS of I m.A.
lOOK A similar pr inciple ca n be used to
make a voltage-contro lled high- pass
filter. As show n in Fig. 12 , that circuit
has cut-off freq ue nc ies of 6 Hz whe n
it has an ISlAS curre nt of I f.L A , and 6
kH z whe n it has an I BIAS curre nt of I
Rl .mA .
lOOK

VOLTAGE
Voltage-controlled oscillators
CONTROLo-w.,.-- - - - +----' To co n cl u de thi s loo k a t th e
INPUT R3 OUT LM 1360 0 operatio na l tra nscond uc -
~
27K
tance amplifier, Fig . 13 shows how to
use the IC as a Voltage-Contro lled
FIG. 11-A VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED LOW-PASS filter covering 45 Hz to 45 kHz. Oscill ator (Y CO). Th e c irc u it uses
both hal ves of the LM13600, and si-
multaneously ge nerates both triangle
+ 15V R4
lOOK and squa re waves .
To und erstand tlie ope rating theory
Cl of the circuit , assume initi all y that
4100pF
capacitor CI is negati vel y charged
and that the squa re-wave o utput sig nal
has ju st sw itched high . Under that
t, _ RAxgm
0- (R4 + RA)2nCl condition a positive vo ltage is de-
veloped across R A, whi ch is fed to the
= 'SIAS X 3RA
R4 xC l
non-in vertin g terminal s of th e two
amplifiers. Th at voltage causes amp I
VOLTAGE to ge nerate a positive output curre nt,
CONTROL Q---At/\fIr-- - --t----J
INPUT OUT equal to bias curre nt Ie , that flows
into C I and ge nerates a positi ve- going

FIG. 12-A VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED HIGH-PASS filter covering 6'Hz to 6 kHz. * linear ramp voltage .
The ramp voltage is then fed to the
inverting terminal of amp 2 via the
Darlington bu ffer stage, until it even-
+ 15V
SQUARE
tuall y equal s the voltage on the non-
R3 OUT inverting terminal , at which point the
47K
output of amp 2 starts to swing in a
R4
10K negative direction. Th at initi ates a re-
ge nerative switching actio n , and at
that moment , the sig na l at the square-
wave output terminal abruptly goes
negati ve .
In that new state, a negati ve voltag e
is ge nerated across resistor R A, caus -
ing amp I to ge nerate a negati ve o ut-
put current e q u a l to Ie , cau sing
cap acitor C I to di scharge until its
voltage eq ua ls that of R A, at which
point the squa re-wave outp ut sw itches
high agai n .
The process rep eats over and over
again , making ava ilable a tri an gl e
waveform at R2 and a sq uare wave at
R4. The frequency of tho se wave -
ic Cl R2 forms is variable via the voltage-con-
1 390PF 10K
Rl trol input; that input is what co ntro ls
27K
the value of Ie . Wit h the co mpo ne nt
VOLTAGE - ISV values show n, the circuit then ge ner-
CONTROL TRIANGLE c...
INPUT OUT ates a frequ en c y of abo ut 200 Hz c
when the Ie bias curre nt is I f.L A, and r:<
200 kH z wh en the bias current is I <D
co
FIG. 13-A COMBINATION TRIANGLE-SQUARE-WAVE VCO covering 200 Hz to 200 kHz. rnA . R-E co

65
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68

HARDWARE
HACKER
Making PC-board layouts, and more!
OUR FREE HARDWARE-HACKER HELP LINE
sure has been busy lately. As many
as-fifty-of you -a-day-have-called-in -Speed-Controlled -Spark. - - - - _ "big mutha" power semiconduc-
with well-thought-out, interest-
ing, and very challenging prob-
lems. But, on the other hand, I've
been getting far too many calls
from those of you who simply did
not read the story or else paid no
attention whatsoever to all of our
very carefully researched Names
and Numbers sidebars.
So, please, to make it fair for
everyone else: (1) Read the entire
column twice and the Names and
Numbers box three times before
you call. (2) Pre-list your ques-
tions. (3) Have a pencil and paper
on hand. And, finally, (4) please
call only between 8 am and 5 pm
week days Mountain Standard
time.
If you have trouble keeping
track of time zones, just re-
member that all California clocks
are laid back. By the way, Arizona
does stay on Mountain Standard
Time all year round. We have so
much daylight that none of it is
worth saving.
Needless to si;ly, if you find my
answers of value, I wouldn't mind
too terribly much if you bought
something from Synergetics, or
sent me some interesting reprints,
some nuts and berries, or what-
ever. Or helped me out with my
hobby of collecting federal reserve
notes.
Uh, whoops. Several of you auto
mechanics on our helpline have
chided me for using the wrong ac-
ronym in naming that thirty-cent
three-way surplus pneumatic valve
we looked at back in the April is-
sue. The correct name for those
are TCS or SCS valves, as in
Transmission Controlled Spark or
They were apparently used at
one time as pollution controls that
delayed the vacuum advance in
lower gears or at lower speeds.
Some additional stock numbers
on those are the JerryCo 1296, Ed-
mund Scientific P42533 or P36716,
or C & H Sales SV7904.
There's lots of interesting things nals, you qualify by making a Pro-
going on this month in the trade
journals and in some other tech
publications . Check back to the
January 21, 1988 issue of EON for a
great review of new stepper-motor
drivers and circuits.
Two major new publications on
superconductivity now include
the Cambridge Report on Super-
conductivity and the journal of
Low Temperature Physics. Since
those are both insanely expensive,
you will want to visit a major tech- Absolute navigation
nical library to view them.
Steve Ciarcia has started up a
brand new hacker magazine called
Circuit Cellar Ink that looks like a come from. The one I am waiting
real winner. Steve had a classic sto- for is a dramatic price reduction in
ry back in our September 1980 Ra-
dio-Electronics on the BSR home
power controllers that I still refer
many helpline callers to.
Powerconversion has renamed
NEED HELP?
Phone or write your Hardware
Hacker questions directly to:
Don Lancaster
Synergetics
Box 809
Thatcher, AZ 85552
(602) 428-4073
Absolute navigation ideas
Telephone line recording
Ring equivalency numbers
Data access arrangements
New printed circuit layouts
\.'
DON LANCASTER
itselfPCI"1.Thatfreetradejournal
is a great place to go for info on
tors as are found in welders , elec-
tric vehicles, in high-voltage de-
flection circuits, and larger
robotics.
A competing magazine to PClM
is called Motion and emphasizes
such things as steppers and servo
drives. As is typical with trade jour-
fessional request on a business
letterhead . Your own letterheads,
of course, are utterly trivial with
today's PostScript laser printers.
Ourbiggiethismonthisabrand
new way of doing hacker printed
circuits that minimizes or outright
eliminates any need for camera
work, yet will quickly and cheaply
produce first-quality results. But
first, let's dream just a little ... .
It's fun to try and predict when
and where the next big hacker
breakthrough opportunity might
a simple, accurate, and extremely
low-cost system used for absolute
navigation.
Figure 1 shows you one big pos-
sibility-a $9.95 and three inch
NaviCube that will always know
where it is, how far it has moved in
just what direction since last reset ,
which way true north is, and which
way is up.
I am one of those spelunkers
that often will spend a lot more
time underground than above. c...
c:
Cave mapping is a weary, exas- ~
perating, tedious, and time-con - ~
suming task that is prone to all ~
69

FIG. 1-THE $9.95 NAVICUBE ALWAYS KNOWS up, north, and its own absolute position
since it was last reset. Its only tiny problem is that it doesn't quite exist yet-or does it?
so rts of erro rs. It su re wo u ld be
ni c e t o thr o w on e o f th o se
NaviCubes into my speleo pack ,
waltz on through the cave, and re-
turn with a ready-to -u se map .
It would be eve n nicer if you put
the NaviCube in side a rubb er ball.
NEW FROM
DON LANCASTER
HAN DS-ON BOOKS
Ask the Guru Reprints
CMOS Cookbook
TIL Cookbook
Active Filter Cookbook
Micro Cookbook vol I or II
Enhancing your Apple vol I
Enhancing your Apple vol II
Applewriter Cookbook
Apple Assembly Cookbook
Incredible Secret Money Machine
Postscript Ref. Man. (Adobe)
Postscript Cookbook (Adobe)
UNLOCKED SOFTWARE
Absolute Reset lie & lie
Applewriter/Laserwriter Utilities
Postscript Show & Tell (lie/Mac/PC) 39.50
Postscript Technical Illustrations . 39.50
Intro to Postscript VHS Video
Postscript BBS stuff
Apple RamCardDisassemblyScript 24.50
Enhance vol I Companion Disk
Enhance vol II Companion Disk
Assembly CB Companion Disk
(/J
o Applewriter CB ProDOS C. Disk
o
z FREE VOICE HELPLINE
a:
I-
oW SYNERGETICS
...J Box 809-RE
W Thatcher , AZ 85552
o o r it s eq u iva le n.t. A nd al l of us
(602) 428-4073
o
-c
a: CIRCLE 83 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
70
At each cave stat io n, yo u simp ly
w o uld boun ce it off the ceili ng,
fl o or, and wall s to in stantly map
t he passage size as we ll as it s cu r-
ren t po siti on.
Th e t radit ional ap p roach to t he
NaviCub e is to use o ne or more
gy roscopes . Basicall y, yo u take a
f reely suppo rted large mass and
spin it as fast as yo u can, w hile
recordin g any deviati on s f ro m its
initial path. It usuall y takes three of
24.50
tho se, on e each for th e X, Y, and Z
15.50 direction s.
15.50 You can still get surp lus Wo rld
15.50 War II gy ros from suc h o utfits as C
16.50 & H Sales, Fai r Radio Sales, and
15.50
15.50
Jerr y Co. Bu t th o se ar e bul k y
19.50 po w er hogs t hat are hard to use.
21.50 Today, w e do have opt ica l solid-
9.50 state gy rosc o pes t hat con sist of
22.50 nothing but a roll of fibe r optics, a
16.50
pai r of di od es, and a directi on al
co u p le r. Co he re nt laser-li ght i s
19.50 sq uirte d in both direction s aro und
49.50 the fib er co il, and t he n th e ph ase
di ff eren ce caused by t he D oppl er
effect is measured to te ll yo u how
39.50
19.50 mu ch th e co il has rot ated.
Unfortun ately, solid-state gyros
19.50 are bein g b uilt to day by th e wro ng
19.50 peopl e fo r t he w ro ng reason s, so
19.50
they rem ain outrageous ly p rice d .
24.50
VISA/MC
But I feel it will o nly be a matter of a
ver y f ew m onth s b ef or e so me
Hon g Kong toy co m pany build s a
$9.95 so li d -state laser gy rosco pe
hacker s sho uld be mor e t han will -
in g to glo m p onto t hat jew el.
A third po ssibility would be to
use some sort of sate ll ite -based ra-
d io directi on fi ndi ng in sid e th e
NaviCu be . Wh il e t hat is cer tai nly
po ssibl e, I feel tha t th e resolution
of t hat approach is unlikely to eve r
get mu ch bett er t han a few feet,
and t hat th ere would be some ve ry
se r io us ant enna an d reception
pr obl em s that wou ld lim it both the
minimum size and t he coverage.
Not to menti on th at it would not
w ork very well under ground.
There's a fourth approach to the
NaviCub e, and it is so met hing that
all yo u hack er s can ex pe r ime nt
w it h ri ght here and ri ght now. The
pri ce of new high-qual ity acceler-
o me te rs ha s ju st dramat ically
d ropped to th e $10 rang e, led by
suc h outfits as SenSym-and t he IC
Sensor s peopl e.
What you do is to tak e the out-
pu t from a silico n solid-state acce l-
ero mete r and N D con vert it into a
se r ies of puls es. You sum the
pul ses into an up -down counter to
get th e current velocity. Then, at
preci se time intervals yo u sum up
t he current velo city to get the cur-
ren t NaviCube position .
Talkin g some math , th e rate of
change of position is ve loc ity and
th e rate of change of velocity is
accel eration. Conver sely, the first
integral summation of acce lera-
tion is ve lo city, and the seco nd in -
te gr al sum mat io n of acceleration
is th e po siti on . Details appear in
almos t any colleg e-l evel physic s
book .
Newton 's law and all th at.
For t his month 's contest, let us
assu m e that th e $9.95 three -axis
NaviCube is a reality and t hat its
stability and lon g-t erm accuracy is
"good eno ugh" . Tell me what you
would do with it. There will be all
th e usual books and tinaja quests
as prizes. Als o as usual, send your
ent ries to me per t he bo x and not
to th e Radio-Electronics office s.
Oh yes, if you are th e so rt of
per son th at do es thoroughly enjoy
havin g ice wate r drip down your
back w hile tryin g to eat a sogg y
and spe nt carbide-f lavo red sand-
wi ch by th e light of a fadin g gre en-
i sh cya l u me, th en g i v e the
Nat io nal Spe leo log ica l So ciety a
call. Th ey will in turn put yo u in
touch wi th a local grotto or two in
yo u r im me diate area.
Ar e w e havin g f un yet?
 NAMES AND NUMBERS
C & H Sales
2716 East Colorado Blvd. Federal Communications Newark Electronics
Pasadena, CA 91107 (800) Commission 228 East Lake Street
325-9465 Washington, DC 20554 Chicago, IL 60640
(202) 632-7553 (312) 941-7200
Cermetek Microelectronics
1308 Borregas Avenue IC Sensors PCIM
Sunnyvale , CA 94088 1701 McCarthy Blvd . 2472 Eastman Avenue
(408) 752-5000 Milpitas, CA 95035 Ventura, CA 93003
(408) 432-1800 (805) 658-0933
Circuit Cellar Ink
4 Park Street JerryCo Prem Magnetics
Suite 12 601 Linden Place 3521 N. Chapel Hill Road
Vernon, CT 06066 Evanston, IL 60202 McHenry, IL 60050
(203) 875-2751 (312) 475-8440 (815) 385-2700

Circuit Specialists Micro Switch SenSym

P.O. Box 3047 11 West Spring Street 1255 Reamwood Avenue
Scottsdale, AZ 85257 Freeport, IL 61032 Sunnyvale, CA 94089
(800) 528-1417 (815) 235-6600 (408) 744-1500
----
Dallas Semiconductor Mitsubishi Stancor
4350 S. Beltwood Pkwy. 1050 E. Arques Avenue 131 Godfrey Street
Dallas, TX 75244 Sunnyvale, CA 94086 Logansport, IN 46947
(214) 450-0400 (408) 730-5900 (219) 722-2244

EDN Motion Synergetics

221 Columbus Avenue 2030 Hillman Circle Box 809
Boston, MA 02216 Orange, CA 92667 Thatcher, AZ 85552
(617) 536-4600 (714) 974-0200 (602) 428-4073

Fair Radio Sales Nat. Speleological Society

1016 E. Eureka Street Cave Avenue
Lima, OH 45802 Huntsville, AL 35810
(419) 227-6573 (205) 852-1300

Data-access arrangements
A data-access arrangement is
any scheme to get modem tones
or other audio or control signals
onto or off of the phone line. The
laws on how you do that will vary
from country to country, but in the
US you are supposed to exactly
follow FCC Regulations part 68.
The transormer is 1:1
600 Ohms, with a 1500
volt breakdown rating.
phone
line
FIG. 2-A DATA-ACCESS ARRANGEMENT such as this one must provide surge supres-
sion, 'signal limiting, and safety isolation, as well as being FCC part 68 type-approved.
Simply meeting the regulations
is not near enough. Besides that,
your circuit or product has to be
type approved before it can be
sold. Getting the FCC type ap-
proval usually turns out to be a
costly and very drawn-out bu-
reaucratic nightmare.
Figure 2 shows you the essen-
The zener diodes are
3.9volt devicesl-.such
as a type 1N5.::28.
user
2200 pI _
tials of a typical data access ar-
rangement . You start with an 800-
volt, or so, varistor or a telephone-
grade transient suppressor on the
phone-line side. A pair of 10-ohm
resistors is then used to drive an
audio-coupling transformer. That
transformer usually has 600-ohm
input and output impedances, and
must have a breakdown voltage of
at least 1500 volts.
A de-glitching capacitor will be
required over on the transformer
secondary, as are a pair of series-
connected Zener diodes that will
prevent you from ever applying
more than plus or minus four volts
of peak-to-peak signal onto the
telephone line.
Ready-to-use and already type-
approved data-access arrange-
ments are available from such out-
fits as Cermetek and Dallas Semi-
conductor. The prices are
ridiculous. E
The leading US manufacturer of ~
the special transformer needed is <0
Prem Magnetics. As an alternate, g;
71
 Newark Electroni cs li sts a Stanco r th e te lep ho ne 's hand set is pick ed Ringer-equivalency numbers
TTPC-7 eq uivale nt th at sel ls fo r up off th e ho ok . There sure seems to be a lot of
$5.63 in mo dest quantities. The second area of t he circ uit is confusion on w hat is reall y a very
Anothe r variation is the aud io - a su itab le audio t ransfo rme r t hat simple co nce pt. M ost of th e urban
access arrange me nt shown in Fig. cou p les the ph on e-lin e aud io in to te lep ho ne syste ms let you put five
3. That circ uit mi ght let you auto- t he reco rder. Note t hat t hat is a of t he olde r te lep ho nes o n th em
maticall y reco rd any ph on e mes- one-way ci rc uit-yo u can record usin g fiv e elec t ro mec hanical bell
sages. Th ere are two pr im ary areas the p ho ne messages, but yo u can't rin gers. The smalle r of t he rural
to the ci rc uit. pl ay t he reco rde r back in t o t he co mpanies may limi t you to three
The fi rst area co nsists of a sen- teleph on e line . bell rin gers.
sit ive reed re lay t hat pull s in o nly Because of the d rop across th e ~ Each and eve ry p iece of new
wh en th e phon e is on ho ok . Wh en relay co il, th e circ uit o nly work s equ ipme nt tha t is placed on your
you pi ck up th e teleph on e hand- wi th a si ng le tel eph on e. Fan ci er ph on e lin e mu st have a lab el on it
set, th e D C lo op -curren t goes circui t s are need ed wh en exte n- th at tell s yo u ju st what t he Ringer-
throu gh the reed relay and th us sio n ph o nes are presen t. Equivalen cy Numb e r, o r REN is A
acti vates it. Since th e reed switch The Radi o Shack mod el 43-228 pl ain electro mechanical bell has a
it self is normally open , th e sw itch ph on e-recordin g co nt ro l use s a REN of 1.0.
turn s on th e record er wh en ever circ uit sim ilar to th at on e. Wh en you add up all of th e REN
valu es fo r eve ryt hing that yo u have
hung o n yo u r lin e, the-tota l mu st
b e l ess t ha n f iv e f o r an urban
phone lineplug
ph on e and less than three for a
~---~
z ~
longer rural phon e lin e.
w 0
w -' In th eory, yo u r ph on e co mpany
a: -'
" UI can adju st yo u r lin e for hi gher
..: -jf---JWIIIr-_ _--.
rin ger lo ads, but my lo cal phon e
0.4711 F 10 K
co mpa ny refu ses to do so.
1K Phon e rin gin g is done by plac-
in g a hi gh-vol ta ge and low-fre-
.00111 F recorder
10 K audio input quency si ne wa ve on the line ,
ty p ically in th e range of 40 to 150
vo lts with a f req uency of 15 to 68
4.70 he rtz .
recorder In previou s co lumns, w e have
motor input
seen several spe cial integr ated cir-
cuits ·used fo r ring detection and
0
1bypass fo r spe ake r or pi ezo-tran sducer
drivin g. Figure 4 sho ws yo u a sim-
pl er and mu ch mor e. fle xible ap-
~ --f ~ 700 reed relay
proach that u ses an ordinary
optoco up ler in stead .
telephone jack
New printed-circuit layouts
I have be en puttin g tog et her a
FIG. 3-AN AUDIO-ACCESS ARRANGEMENT can record both sides of a telephone con-
versation, but is only legal for use under certain circumstances.
brand new way of doin g hack er
and st ude nt prin ted-circuit layouts
th at seems to have a bun ch of ad-
0.4711F, 400volts vant ages. It will instant ly, and w it h-
out usin g any photo graphy, pro-
o---1t-'-l duce fo r yo u 1X, 2X, or 4X layouts,
phone line zener diodes are27volt fron tward s o r backw ard s, positive
input 8.2K devices, such as a 1N5254 o r negative, of any size from o ne
square inch to o ne acre.
A nd it is cheap.
n Th e syste m uses yo u r favo rite
ring signal
output wo rd processor w it h yo ur chose n
(J)
o co m pute r and can directl y drive a
z
o
lN914 La serW ri t e r o r so me o t he r
a: Po stScript-l angu age pr in ter.
I-
oW A layou t is shown in Fig. 5; we
...J
W
have ove rlaid t he d esign grid, th e
o fo il side in bla ck and t he co mpo-
o« FIG. 4-A TELEPHONE RING DETECTOR. The optocoupler provides safety isolation, nent side in gray. Up to a doz en
a: while the integrating capaci tor converts the individual rings into a con tinuous signal. layer s ca_n be sup po rte d at once.
72

FIG. 5-THE POSTSCRIPT LANGUAGE EASILY lets you do your own custom printed-
circuit layout using nothing but your favorite word processor. Here we have combined
and shown you a foil side in black, a component side in gray, and a background layout
grid.
Since everything is done in
"raw" PostScript text, you can very
easily rearrange the scenery to suit
yourself in any way you like. I usu-
ally start with a fine gray grid , and
then overlay the foil and compo-
nent sides as needed , using some
of my opaque grid-based " ico ns"
that handle the traces and pads .
The process now has a 3-mil res-
olution and supports details of 10
mils or wider: You mi ght directly
print 1:1 onto mylar overhead
transparency material, thus gener-
ating your negative or positive as
needed for your final board.
For more serious applications ,
you can work two-times or four-
time s final size with the corre-
sponding increase in resolution or
precision. Should the final image
be larger than one page , it can be
automatically printed on as many
"... . '·':~. .~· . .b ~·
, ,'
'
.
. ~~ .~ .'
' ~ . IlIn\l
No cos tly sc h ool. No com m uti ng to class.
The Ori ginal Hom e-S tudy course pre-
pares you for th e "FCC Com me rcial Radio-
telephone Licen se" . This valuable licens e
is your "ticket" to thousands of exci ting
jobs in Com m un ications , Radio-TV, Micro-
wa ve, Com pu te rs, Radar, Avonics and
more! You don 't need a college degree to
qualify, but you do need an FCC Licen se .
No Need to Quit Your Job or Go To School
This proven course is easy, fast a nd low
cos t ! GUARANTEED PASS - You get you r
FCC License or money refunded. Send for
FREE facts now. MAIL COUPON TODAY!
r----------------------,
IcommdnD PRODUCTiOnS I
I FCC LICENSE TRAINING, Dept. 90 I
: P,O . Box 2223, San Francisco , CA 94126 :
I Please rush FREE details immediately! I
I NAME I
I ADDRESS--- I
t2~~ ~ ~~;~~~~_J
CONVERTERS &
CABLE DECODERS
INFORMATION
402-554-0417
Orders & Free Catalo
pages as is needed. Those pages
1-800-624-1150
ALLPRODUcrSGUARANfEED
can then be taped together.
You can instead run your final New Stargate 2000 $99.00
results on a PostScript-language- SB-3/2...................... $89.00
speaking phototypesetter when Tn-Bi Mode................ $99.00
extreme accuracy is needed. Hamlin MLD-1200 $100.00
Let me know if you want any Oak N-12 WN.S $99.00
more detail s or some workin g Panasonic.................. $99.00
code examples using that new Oak-M-35-B WN.S $100.00
printed-circuit layout process. Zenith SSAVI............. $185.00
One very intriguing additional ' Eagle PD-3................ $110.00
possibility is to do a1:1 layout onto Scientific Atlanta.......... $120.00
a suitable transfer material and Pioneer WI Parental $105.00
then ironing the transferred toner Tocom..................... Call
directly onto your bare, PC board, Oak N-12 WI Auto....... $140.00
followed by an immediate etch. Evaluator Tap Detector.. $495.00
Unfortunately, that process is not ViewStar Volume+ $129.95
quite reliable just yet. Jerrold Starcom CSV $139.95
New tech info M.D. ELECTRONICS
Newark Electronics has just re- 5078 SO. 108th
leased th eir fat new 1042-page SUITE 115MD
continued on page 100 OMAHA NE. 68137
CIRCLE 53 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
73
 AUDIO
UPDATE LARRY KLEIN,
Two common record-player problems AUDIO EDITOR

YOU MAY HAVE NOTICED THAT DESPITE

the success of the compact disc,
- o ld-fashio ned-b laGk- LP---reco rds - --t
and the equipment used to play
them-continue to sell. And some
of the people who buy them con-
tinue to experience a variety of
minor and major difficulties. In
this column I'm going to discuss
two common and, judging from
my mail, very puzzling problems.

Howling hi-fi
One common complaint usually
goes this way : Ever since I up-
graded my speakers, rearranged
my furniture and relocated my
speakers, and installed a new turn-
table, my amplifier makes a howl-
ing noise when I turn up the
volume or bass control. And to
make matters worse, even when
the system is not howling, I some-
times hear a sort of "ringing" in the
music. What causes my amplifier
problem and how do I cure it?
The symptoms described above
are caused by one of the most
common (and most misdiag-
nosed) problems in hi-fl. Although
reproduced by the amplifier, the
howling and ringing are certainly
not caused by the amplifier. Those
symptoms are the result of
acoustic feedback from the loud-
speakers to the record player, as
illustrated in Fig. 1. What happens
is the acoustic energy (sound
~ waves) from the speakers reach
z the record player with sufficient
~ intensity to set up vibrations be-
t; tween the disc and the tone arm.
~ Those vibrations are interpreted
6 by the phono stylus as a groove
Ci signal, sent through the amplifier
«
a: to the speakers, then fed back to
74
FIG. 1
the turntable, and the feedback
goes around again, and again, and
agai n. The effect is identical to
what occurs when a microphone
picks up the sou nd of the speakers
in a sound-reinforcement system.
The cure for amplifier howling
and ringing is to "open" the
positive-feedback loop. Keep in
mind that some models of turnta-
bles, aside from their other virtues
or deficits, are more sensitive than
others to air-borne or structure-
borne vibrations. In such cases,
accessory isolating feet or plat-
forms available from many hi-fi
dealers can make a difference;
even a rubber typewriter mat
might do the job. Installing the
turntable on a solid structure-not
bookshelves-and as far away
from the speakers as possible can
. also be of help. Turntables should
never be operated with their
hinged dust covers raised; dust
covers can act as diaphragms to
catch acoustic energy, which then
gets passed to the phono stylus.
Groove skipping
Then there's the fellow who
complains that his new-and ex-
pensive-phono cartridge causes
his tone arm to skip grooves. His
sad story is as follows: I have a
large record collection of 1960's
rock and roll. Most of the discs are
in good shape except for some
warpage here and there. I bought
a new cartridge hoping to mini-
mize groove wear, but now some
of my records tend to jump
grooves. I switched back to myoid
cartridge and the records play
fine. Is my brand-new cartridge
defective?
 No , yo ur new cartridge proba-
bl y isn't def ecti ve, b ut it s ph ysical
properties are the no n-o bvi o us
cause of the groove jumpin g. To
un derstand w hat's happenin g we
n eed to know so met h i ng about
reson ance, wh er e it co mes fro m,
and how it wo rks. A reso nance can
be th ou gh t of as a spec ific f re-
qu en cy at w hich a mech ani cal sys-
tem-or the part s of it-prefer to
move. Eve ry m ech ani cal syste m
has reson ances, t he freq ue ncies of
w h ic h are d et ermin ed b y th e
masses and compli ances; a " co m-
pli ance" is a flex ib ility. M o st mu si-
ca l in strum ent s ar e tun ed to
resonat e at spe c if ic mu sical f re-
qu enci es by adju sting t he tension
- (co m p l ianc e), t h e-siz e, o r-t he -high·and toolow-l n-taet-the-traek- v-
len gth o f th eir st r i ngs o r di-
aphragms . Wind inst ru me nts use
ai r-co lum n reson an ces, but th at's
anot he r sto ry altoget he r.
Every ph on o- cart rid ge/ton e-arm
co mb i nat io n h as severa l re so-
nances wh ose fr equ en cies are d e-
termin ed by th e areas of f lexib ility
and mass in th e syste m . A major
low- frequ enc y reson ance-som e-
w he re be twee n 4 and 20 Hz-re-
sults fro m th e inte ractio n of th e
sty lus co m p liance wi th the effec-
tiv e ton e-arm mas s, whi ch in-
clud es th e mass of th e cartrid ge
bo dy. Th e hi gh er t he co m p liance
of a cart ridge's sty lus assem bly, th e
lower t he reson ant freq ue ncy w ith
a given ton e arm ; th e higher th e
ton e-arm mass, th e lower th e reso-
nan ce wi th a gi ve n cart ridge . A
low-compli ance cart ridge in a low-
mass to ne arm wi ll result in an ex-
cessive ly hi gh reson ant f reque n-
cy ; a hi gh- complian ce cart ridge in
a hi gh -m ass arm w ill resu lt in an
excessive ly low reson ance. A hi gh-
CRYSTEK
FIG. 2
o nance , th e stylus tra ckin g for ce
f luct uates rapidl y b et w een too
in g fo rce can hi t zero-at w hic h
point groo ve jumpin g occ u rs. And
eve n if th e sty l us n ever t ota l ly
leaves t he groove, t he lo ss of sty lus
QUARTZ
CRYSTALS/OSCILLATORS
track in g fo rce durin g reson an ce FOR
ca n ca use seve re di st o rti on of ELECTRONIC - INDUSTRIAL
ot he r freq ue ncies on t he record. • Micro-Processor Con tr ol
• Computers/M odems
• Test/M easur ement
Warp Data • Medical
M ore t han 12 years ago, Shu re COMMUNICATIONS-REPLACEMENT
Broth ers und er to o k an in-d ep th • Mobile/2-way/ Cha nne l Elements
researc h pr o ject o n t he effect of • Pagers
wa rps on th e reco rd-p laying p ro- • Marin e
• Aircraft
cess, and mu ch of t he fo llow ing • T elemetr y
dat a is deriv ed from th eir rep ort. • Mon itors/ Scann ers
AMATEURS
Recor d wa r ps co me in va rio us
shapes and sizes . Some wa rpsare • CB
• Hobbiest
an un soli cited gift from th e pr ess- • Exp erim enter
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bad sto rage co nd it io ns. Warp s can
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f re q ue ncy; th e f re q ue ncy b ein g
d et erm in ed by how rap id ly t he
t u rnta ble moves t he warp be neat h
th e p laying stylus.
To prevent th e to ne -a r m /car-
t ri dge reso nance fro m bein g t rig -

co m p lia nce ca rt ridge i n a l ow-
mass arm works o ut ju st fine .
A respon se peak in t he 15-Hz to
20-Hz area may not be aud ib le as
suc h, but it te nds to waste am p li-
fier pow er and it is li kely to in-
crease a recor d p layer 's sensitivity
to rum bl e, aco ust ic fee dback , and
exte rna l vi b ratio n . It m ay also
cause vi sibl e w o ofer-con e flutter
in vented speaker systems. On t he
ot he r hand, an excess ive ly low res-
onant f req uency, 6 Hz o r so, can
increase a pl ayer's sensit iv ity to ex-
tern al shock, suc h as foot fall s and
record wa rps.
ge red by wa r ps, most of w h ic h
occ u r in t he range be low 6 Hz, it's
good eng ineering p racti ce to de-
sig n f o r . an ar m /ca rt r idge reso-
nan ce we ll abo ve t hat f requency.
And since t he record ed audio fre -
qu encies start aro und 20 Hz, it 's
also a good idea to pl ace t he reso -
nance wel l be low that fre que ncy.
Engi nee rs aim for 10-14 Hz o r so as
a good co m p romise f req ue ncy.
W hateve r the resonant freq ue ncy,
mechani cal dam pin g added to t he
arm o r cart ridge, as Sh u re do es in
Fig. 2, ~a n redu ce th e effects of
ton e-arm /cartrid ge reson ance.
~
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CD
(813) 936-2109 - TWX 510-951-7448 ex>
Wh en a tone arm vibrates at res- continue d on page 100 ex>
CIRCLE 191 ON FREE INFORMATION CA RD
, 75
 DRAWING f ~.i
) ~ : ;~
,f. " '6~_

BOARD :t
~ ;.i
ROBERT GROSSBLATT,
: I
I i !
lV
F
~<~' ~
L

Clock, 110, and BIOS CIRCUITS EDITOR

W E'VE A LREADY FI N ISHED A LOT O F THE however, bef ore w e can start fillin g wh ol e thin g w ork . Don 't forget
design w ork that had to be don e to th e memory wi th data . We're st ill th at o u r memory system will only
t u rn our m em ory ci rc u it f ro m a m issin g a syste m clo ck , an I/O do th e job as long as the Z80 keeps
- nea id ea- t o- a-pract icah eali t y-. -' co n t ro l-sys te m~a n d- I et 's-n ot forget exec ut ing instructiortsr' lf til e Z80
Th er e are st il l a few th in gs left , a BIO S of some so rt to make th e sto ps, all of o u r refr eshin g goes
BUSAK ~
BUSRQ
WE o
veeo ,
11
Vee
~ AO
31 Al BUSRO 25
32 A2
BUSAK 23
33 A3
34 A4 MREO 19 RE FRESH CIRCUIT
I
35 AS
36 A6 WR ~NIC
~
AD 31 Al
~~~SS< i 38 AS
lID p!----o NIC
21
39 A9 M1 RESET CIRCUIT
I 4lI AID ICI6 RFSH 28 RE FRESH CIRCUIT
1 All Z80

2 A12 lORD ~NIC

3 AI3 RST 26 RESET CIRCUIT
4 A14
6
5 AIS CLK CLOCK (FIG 11

WAIT ~N IC >-0 REf RESHCIRCUIT lWEI

14 00
~NIC
r ~
15 01
12. 02
8 03
NMI

iNT JL-oNIC
BUS ~ HALT JL-o N!C

·"'t
7 04
0- I 9 OS
I ! 10 06
13 07

~
GN O
11 IC1S-d ,"- 241 '----1 21 29
V. 7432
13-
u AD
Vee Vpp
Ool..i..
L.-.-.L Al m'lL-

~q.-l
---i. A2 02'. 1 1 -
5 A3 03'13
V. 1432
9' - 4 04'14
A4
3 1C17
AS 2n 6 OS'15

!@~
2 06'1.6
A6
y. 7432 1 A7 07'17
(f)
5 23 AS
o
Z
oa:
22 A9
19 AID
DE s-.
CE JL.., ,
GNO
I-
oLU 1 12
...J 'CIS·. 3
LU V. 1432 -e-
6 2
s« GNOO f ..
a: FIG. 2
76
out the window and, unfor-
tunately, takes our data with it.
There are all sorts of clocks than
can be used for our system but
there's nothing like a crystal for
stability, reliability, and total free-
dom from brain damage. Although
there 's no problem designing a
crystal oscillator, there's some-
times a problem getting parts. We
need a crystal frequency that
meets two criteria: It has to be di-
vidable down to 2.5 MHz, and it
also has to be easy to find. After
seconds of intense thought, I've
settled on 10 MHz.
The circuit shown in Fig. 1 is a
good, hassle-free, crystal os-
cillator. It's sure-starting, easy to
fine tune, and , best of all, it's really
tolerant to variations in compo-
nent values. Even though you can
get away without them, it's a good
idea to use mylar capacitors. Ce-
ramic discs have terrible toler-
ances and even though the circuit
will put up with a lot of variation ,
remember Grossblatt's Third Law:
HE WHO ASKS FOR TROU-
BLE .... GETS IT
and that, as we all know, is the
absolute truth.
FIG. 1
You can use any kind of TTL in-
verters you want, but stick with the
4049-type ' if you're going to use
4000-series CMOS. The basic os-
cillator is comprised of R7, C4, CS,
and XTAL1, and it oscillates at ap-
proximately the frequency that is
marked on the crystal. If you find
your circuit is off the mark, the
trimmer (C6) will give you a few
kHz of adjustment either way. If
the frequency is way off, the crystal
you're using is probably no good ,
so you should try another one.
I'm using a 74161 TTL IC to divide
the 10 MHz down to 4 MHz but, as
with the oscillator itself, there are
many parts you can use that will do
the same job. The only proviso
here is because of the frequency.
It's asking just too much of sta n-
dard 4000-series CMOS to handle
10 MHz with a Ve e of 5 volts . If you HOME
insist on using CMOS parts (and
it's always a good idea to use them
if you can), get your hands on
some of the newer HCT parts such
as a 74HCT161. They're CMOS
parts that have the same drive and
frequency capabilities as LSTTL
parts.
The 74161 is a versatile base-16
counter but we're just using it to
divide the input signal by four. Of
course we'll get a nice freebie in
the form of wave shaping. The out-
put will be a nice square wave that
swings pretty clo se tottie supply - - A n important part of-being pre-
rails . . .
"!"he next st~p In putting our C1r- right college degree, but the abso-
CUlt ~ogether IS to take a look at the lutely necessary art is know'
Z80 Itself. We 've spent most of our
time designing all the subsystems,
but the CPU is what ties everything
together. Figure 2 will give you an
overview of the entire memory ci r-
cuit. If you have the block diagram
we dre~ a few months a~o (Radio
Electr~mc~,July1987~, get It ~ut b~-
cause It will make things a bit easI-
er to understand .
We'll put our BIOS in a 2716
EPROM since 2K is more than
enough room for the code that we
need to control the system. As you
can see, the EPROM (IC17) sits on
the address and data lines and
both its enable pins are tied to-
gether. That is done because the
EPROM's current requirements
drop considerably when it's com-
pletely deselected. Now I know
that we need the EPROM on line
most of the time because we can
only maintain data in the system if
the Z80 keeps on executing in-
structions. But, as we've seen, the
EPROM only has to be on line dur-
ing the instruction-fetch cycles
and we can deselect it when it's not
needed.
If you draw a memory map of
our system , the EPROMwould live
at the bottom 2Kand the rest of th e
address space (62K) would be for
our data storage . What we need
now is some method of automat-
ically letting the RAM and EPROM
know which of the two is being
accessed by the CPU. Once again,
there are lots of ways to do that but Los Alamitos, CA 90720~
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77
 th e o ne th at 's th e most under-
standab le is to simply de cod e the
add ress b us. Wh enever th er e's a
hi gh o n any add ress lin e from A11
to A1 5, we' re talkin g to RAM . We
se lect e it he r th e RAM o r the
EPROM usin g OR gates, as show n
Featur ing superior quality electronic prod- in Fig. 2.
ucts in kit and assembled form . Innovative The 74H CT32, (or any quad OR
home produ cts, test instruments, self-
study electroni cs cour ses . Challenging gate), w atch es th e upper 5 address
and educational kits for first-time as well lines and control s th e enable pins
as seasoned builders . Qua lity ready-to - of the EPROM. The only way the
use electronic products for homeowners , output of th e final OR gate can be
sports enthusiasts and professionals.
All from Heath Comp any, a leader in the
hi gh is if th ere 's a high on any of
changing electroni cs market. th e address lines it's watchin g. If
th er e is, itwill turn off the EPROM.
-o------ - - - - - - ,
Send NOW for your FREE
That kind of automatic selection is
handy because it's one less thin g
Heathkit Catalog .
to worry about wh en y'~u work out
-s ena-to: a BIOS for the syste m .
Heath Company, Dept. 020·672
I Benton Harbor, Michigan 49022 All that's left to do in th e way of
108 full -co lor hardware is work out a way for ex-
pag es packed w ith I
the latest in high I N am e ternal circuitry to get data in and
quality elec tronic out of th e system . On the face of it,
pro d ucts I
I Addres s - - - -- - that would appear to be a tremen-
dou s de sign problem involving II
Heathkit".1 C ity _ o requests, latches , and lots of tri-

1=111~··.1 Sta te - -- - - - - - tp state buffers. Fortunately for us,

I Z
A subs idiar y of Zenith Electronics Corporation there's another way out. The de-
~- ---------------~
CL- 79 2
signers of th e Z80 have given us
BUSRQ and BUSAKlines to allow DMA
"iIiiI".iji"iiii."~".iijiii"'''.''''''iii.I(([D)fi r~e~citAM;;/eem;mo;-;ry'yAccess) operations to be done . That
means that what would have been a messy I/O busi-
ness is reducible to just about no problem at all.
DMA allows us to let another syste m take co mp lete
co nt ro l of all th e address, data, and cont ro l lines
handled by the Z80.At th e end of t he last I -cycl e of
every instruction , th e Z80 take s a lo ok at th e BUSRQ
line . If the line is active, (brought low), th e CPU
fini shes the T cycl e activity and th en tristates the
three sets of lines. On ce that has been don e, it in-
fo rms the rest of th e wo rld by brin gin g th e BUSAK line
low.
Things will stay like that fo r as lon g as th e BUSRQ
remains low. It's th e respo nsibility of the extern al
devi ce to release control as so on as it 's finished. The
Z80 will look at th e BUSRQ at th e start of every T cycle
and as soon as th e lin e is rele ased, it will begin ex-
ecuting in struction s at exact ly th e point where it was
Even the finest equipment in the world cannot guarantee noise-free operation.
One " dirty" connec tion anywhere in the electrical path can cause unwanted interrupted in th e first place.
noise or signal loss. The circui try that has to be desi gn ed to let all t hat
happ en is totally d ep end ent o n the exte rn al system
" MORE THAN A CONTACT CLEANER" that's doin g the DMA. In th e sim p lest case, all we
CRAMOLlN<!> Is a fast-acting, antl-oxidlzlnq lUbrica nt that cleans and have to do is to make the co nt rol, address, and data
preserves all metal surfaces. inclUding gold. lin es availabl e to the externa l system . That would be
(j) When applied to metal contacts and connecto rs, CRAMOLlN<!> removes tru e as lon g as th e exte rn al syste m had so me way of
o resistive oxides as ~ forms a protective molecular layer that adheres to the metal
Z surfaces and maintains maximum electrical conduc tivity . oR'ing into the Z80 system . If yo u don't want to as-
o
a: sume that th e exte rna l syste m is go ing to provid e the
CRAMOLIN - USED BY THOSE WHO DEMAND THE BEST:
f-
oUJ Bell & Howell Hewlett Pac:l<ard MCI(Sonyl Nakamichi tri state buffers, yo u' ll have to get some 74245's and
Boeing John Auka Mfg. MCllOroia RCA
....J Cap it ~ Records Mcintosh Labs NASA Switchcraft
use them to buffer all the Z80 lines .
UJ
o r:=--:-:::-::::::---..- ..........__,..~~P"P~
SINCE 1956 Figure 3 is an example of how you would use the
o« 74245's (or some other kind of buffers) to resolve bus
a: 1175-0 Indust rial Ave.• (P.O. Box J) - Escond ido. CA 9202&-0051 U.S.A. co nt e ntio n . The 74245's en ab le co nt ro l (pin 19)
CIRC LE 50 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
78
 should be ti ed to th e BUSAK lin e
si nc e bot h ar e active low. That
mean s th at th e l 80 w ould be abl e
to control access to th e external
syste m , and allow it only wh en it is
safe to d o so.
DMA is a terrific way to put o ur EXTERNAL Z80
memory system to wo rk, but th ere SYSTEM SYSTEM
are restri ction s. Rem emb er that
the Z80 is taking care of the refresh
operation for us, and while DMA is
going on, t he whole refr esh opera-
tion is being put on th e back
burner. If it tak es too long, you can
be sure that your dat a is go ing to FIG. 3
disappear. th e l80 op erat e.· That is trivial
The big question th en is " how sin ce th e only job the l80 has is to
long is too lo ng" ? refresh the system's RAM .AI I we
Since our system is running at have to do is have it execute one
-2.--5- M Hz-, -t he-o utsid lim it_fo r_a_ i nstru ction . ove L and ove r.agal n._
DMA operation i s going to be That 's right , w e can load our
about 1 milli second-and that's a EPROM with a " JM P $0000" at loca-
lot of time when yo u' re journeyin g tion $0000 and that, beli eve it or
into mi croprocessor land. Sin ce not,canbetheextentofourB IOS!
our DMA wi ll be limited to storing If that's all you want, you can re-
or retri eving data from memory, p lace the EPROM with a sma ll
there's more than enough t ime to PROM , (similar to an 8223), rework
have some ext ernal sys t em ex- the enabl e logic, and use all 64K of
ecute the needed few bytes of it s address space for dynamic RAM.
code. I'll have a few word s to say about
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79
 ANTIQUE
RADIOS RICHARD D. FITCH
Antique radios for antique autos

THE HORSELESS CARRIAGE AND WIRE-

__
less sort of grew up together.
--Ma ny-p rom i n en t-i nVe nto rs-fro m---~~-
both fields knew each other and --..~.
some, like Hen ry Ford and Thomas
Edison, often socialized together. ~ANTENNA
ROOF ~~~_:==~~~~~LE§A§O-~IN~;;~~~;~)
--==
Automobile historians can proba- ~~
bly trace the horseless carriage
back as far as I've traced wireless.
In the late 1920's, there was much
discussion for and against the use
of radios in autos, and many peo-
ple thought that they should be
outlawed because they were a
dangerous distraction to the oper-
ator. Others thought the auto ra-
dio would be a noisy nuisance.
But, as you know, the auto radio
did survive. By the mid 1930's, auto
manufacturers began to take the
built-in receiver seriously, and
started providing in-dash factory
installations.

Problems
The auto-radio pioneers of the
1920's had a few extra considera-
tions in designing the auto radio.
The chassis had to be built to with-
stand the jarring it would be sub-
ject to due to road irregularities
and the crude suspension systems
of those days . All of the compo-
nents had to be secured to the
chassis , including the tubes in
thei r sockets. The auto's six-volt
battery fluctuated slightly, so the
tubes had to be able to handle
o those fluctuations without affect-
(j)
zing the receiver's operation. The
~ receiver had to be sensitive, and
t3 also had to be encased in a metal
~ box to shield it from interference.
6 As a result, the auto radio ended
is up being built better than a com-
~ parable home receiver.
80
FIG. 1
In the late 1920's, the auto's .6-vo lt
operating battery powered the ra-
dio's "A" filament, and a separate
metal box lined with sponge rub-
ber had to be installed for the "B"
batteries. That ' box could be
mounted under the rear floor
boards, in the luggage compart-
ment, or possibly in the rumble-
seat compartment.
The early auto radio was
mounted on the firewall under the
instrument board (dash), as shown
in Fig. 1. Usually the controls were
right on the set, but some, even in
the 1920's, had a cable-tuning ar-
rangement, which was placed in a
convenient location for the oper-
ator, such as on the instrument
board or the steering column.
Consequently, that assembly add-
ed considerably to the installation
of the radio.
In high sedans , the ideal place
for the reproducer (speaker) was
under the center of the roof. Since
convertibles couldn't use that
method, mounting the speaker
under the dash became the most-
common, yet least-desirable loca-
 tion. Different typ es of magn eti c
and dyn ami c reprodu cer s w er e
use d in t hose early autos . Th e f ield
coi l of an elect ro -dy na mic re-
produ cer to be used in an auto-
mob il e had to be spec ially w ound
to op erat e from a six-vo lt batt ery,
whi ch , because of a large pow er
drain , was not a particul arl y desir-
abl e sit uatio n. An elect ro -dy namic
loudspeaker, however, can usually
be replaced by a regular speake r,
which is a bi g plu s for th e auto 's
sto rage battery.
Th ere w ere m an y effo rts to
co me up wi th a su itab le aerial. Be-
cause extrem e hei ght was imprac-
tical, oth er methods had to be
co nside red . In o ne, a f l at m et al
Rlate wa s mounted ben eath th e
wo od en runnin g b o ard s, in su-
lated from th e f rame, under each
side. Th e two plates w ere co n-
nected to th e set's aerial t ermin al;
however, th at low-slun g aerial left
a lo t to be d esired in signal pi ckup.
Factory aerial in stall ations w ere
usually between th e roof and the
in side uphol stery (the headliner),
with the sh ielde d lead-in wire led
down on e of th e fro nt do or po sts,
as seen in Fig. 1. The aerial co n-
sisted of a cloth-cov ered scree n o r
som e other type of in sulated wire
mesh. You have to rem ember that
th e roof on sedans and co upes was
no t a condu ctor. Even th e fr ames
and brac es were mad e of w o od ,
which mad e p o ssibl e the ro of
.aer ial. Some sed an and coupe
own ers found sim p ler ways to in-
stall a roof aerial th em selves; sew -
in g a fl exibl e wire throu gh th e ro of
lin er with a large darnin g needl e
was one method used .
The en gine's spar k plu g was th e
prim ary so urce of noise in an auto-
mobile's radio. To so lve that pr ob-
lem th e resi stor spa rk plu g ha s
long been availab le, althou gh I'm
not sure if th e resistor plu g o r th e
auto radio came fir st. Al so , spec ial
resistors (supp resso rs) w ere avail -
able tha t conn ected d irectl y to t he
spark-plu g termin al and th e hi gh-
ten sion wire, which can be seen in
Fig. 1. I would con sid er t hose early
resistors th ems elves as co llecti-
bl es, and an ant ique auto wi th t he
ori ginal resi st ors o n t he spa rk
plu gs wo u ld be a real classic. How-
ever, eve n if you had tho se re-
sistors, when sto p ped at a traffi c
li ght, th e ot he r car's ignition sys-
tem s w ould drown o ut your radi o .
A lso, t he h i gh- t en si o n ci rc u it
was n't t he o n ly so u rce of i nte r-
fe re nce. Elect ri cal distu rbances
fro m the ge ne rator, and even t he
w hee ls, cause d r ad i o i n t e r-
f er en c e. Pu tt in g a co nde nse r
across t he gene rato r b rushes and a
g ro u n d i ng spri ng betwee n t he
axle and th e w hee l helped to solve
those probl em s.
M ovin g o ut of th e 1920's, th e
v i b rato r p ower su p p ly b ecam e
po p u la r. Th er e were t w o b asi c
ty pes of vib rato rs th at we re used in
auto- rad io sup plies : The non-syn -
ch ro no us, and t he sync hrono us.
The sync hro no us vibrator had th e
advantage of recti f yin g th e vo lt -
age, and thu s not reCJuirin g a rec-
t ifier t ube . W h i le it was a lHtle
noi sy, t he vi brator create d a vo lt-
age th at co uld be transferr ed up o r
down , eli m i nat ing t he n eed for
any sto rage batte ries othe r t ha n
the auto mo b ile's.
Early manufacturers
Who were th e manufacturers of
t he pi on eer auto radi o s ? W ell ,
man y we re t he same co m panies
that made hom e rad io s. The Na-
tional Company made a f ive-t ube
The Fluke a060A 4Vz-digit
handheld multimeter.
TRF for auto use. Atwate r Kent co l- It's the best tool you could add toyour tool
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and six-t u be se ts with a sy n - 8060A letsyou measurefrequenciesto 200
c h ro no us vib r a t or fo r t he kHz, makerelativeoffset measurements, con-
mid-1930's Hudson & Terrapl ane. vert voltagesto direct readingdecibels, or
conduct audible continuity tests. Plus the
Compani es wh o se nam es ap - 8060A offers wideband TrueRMS ac meas-
p eared on ea r ly au t o rece ive rs urement capabi lity to100 kHz.
(so me dating back to th e 1920's) Sosaygoodbyetoyour part-timecounters,
include Stew art Warn er, M ajest ic, osci lloscopes, continuitytesters, calculators
Pilot, Gulb ranso n, Gilf illan Bros. and power supplies.And welcome aful l-time
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Marsh al , an d Unit ed A merica n You 'll findthat fortroubleshooting every-
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multimeter valuegoing.
coo led Fran klin autos , and many
Findout more by calling our toll-free hotline
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Th e mod el SA-37, by RCA Victo r,
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Installs on most phones
tnctudinq cellular
Built for Plymouth and D odge ,
th e Mopar m odel 604 wa s a popu -
lar set in later autos . Th e set co n-
tain s five tubes and a rectifi er. Un-
lik e previou s sets , it h as pu sh-
button tunin g. Al so , t h e set was
d esigned to m ount di rectly in th e
da sh. It ha s a non- synchronou s
vibrator that is st ill so mew h at avail-
able. Settin g the pu shbuttons is
don e by pulling off the chrome
pu shbutton caps. The button s can
then be unlocked by turning the
sc rew slightly counter-clockwi se;
the desired station is then tuned in
with the knob, and the button is
pushed in while holding the knob.
The screw can then be tightened
and the chrom e caps replaced.
0 I " h Ph '
~e_u n U5_u_q..Le_c_e ly.eus t e
leo model C-460B, may have been
seen in a 1936 Dod ge. It ha s a rec-
tifier tube and a non-synchronou s
vibrator. Whil e the set was de -
sig n ed to mount directly in the
dash , the entire side cover could - antique radio might be able to sol-
be opened by removin g one wing
nut. That w as an advantage for the
radioman who mi ght have been
ab le to repair it without removing
it from the vehicle.
Presenting
an affordable
Repairing auto radios
The auto radio s of the 1920's, if
yo u can find o ne , can be serviced
in much the same manner as the
h ome-battery rec eiver. Th e addi-
t io na l probl em s th at ma y o ccur in
an auto-radio are usually due to
vibration , and possibly moisture.
A s in home receivers, corrosion is
th e prime cau se of trouble. A dead
radio i s a good indication of a
problem with eith er the fu se or
the vibrator.
How do you repair a vibrator ?
You don't!
First , they are not designed to be
dismantled . If you do manage to
pry one open, most likely you 'll
find that the contacts are burned
1- __or w eld ed together, or.that.the coil
windin gs are sh o rted . In any case,
it isn 't so m et h i n g that isn 't worth
repairing .
Radiom en of today who can't
so lve a v i b rato r problem in their
ve it with tran sistors. While I don't
recommend the use of transistors
in any antique radio , there can be
exc eption s-such as when there is
no other solution .
Over the years there have been
many transistorized vibrator sub-
st it utes . Most are too large to fit in
the case of the radio and have to
be mounted outside and plugged
into the vibrator socket using a ca-
ble .

Light Box This and that

If you enjoy reading about wire-
System. le ss history and antique radios ,

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you sh o u ld join the "Antique Wire-
Model TR100 CB
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with (2) transparencies rs Bulletin is informative and

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The method most mounted in acyrlic with
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oLU Recorder, Tie clip mike, VOX activated micros, placement cap s for pu sh buttons
--l Wired mikes, Transmitter detectors, etc. Send for on radio s. If you n eed those cap s,
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 DAfPUiEiliJiGEST
I A NEW KIND OF MAGAZINE FOR ELECTRONICS PROFESSIONALS I

BUILD LINE-CARRIER MODEMS

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PUBLICATION

For cable-free computer interfacing Page 87

CD CLASSROOM
Adding dynamic RAM circuitry Page 93

A LOOK AT CeBIT
The greatest computer show on earth Page 84
 EDITOR'S
WORK,
BENCH~~~==~
CeBIT: The Greatest Computer Show
On Earth
f you've been to what you thoughtwas
Ihaving-been
a big computer trade show w ithout
to CeBIT in Hannover, West
Germany, "you ain't seen nothin' yet."
CeBIT is the world 's largest computer,
office, automation, and voice/data com-
munications exhibition in the world. The
name is an acronym derived from the
German show name-World Center for
Bureau (office), Information, and Tele-
communications Technology- rather. a
mouthful.Originally, CeBIT waspart of the
larger Hannover Fair Industry founded in
1947. The CeBIT portion became so large
thatin 1986, it was spunoff as a trade fair
on its own.
In 1988, CeBIT exhibits were spread
over 2,350,000 square feet of exhibit
space in 13 buildings.The show which is
held everyyearin March, included 2,674
exhibitors from almost 40 countries dis-
playing state-of-the-art technology and
the latest in product research and de-
velopment worldwide. Over400,000 in-•
ternational visitors toured CeBIT.
The exhibits included 588 office and
inforrnation-systems, 151 bank eq uip -
mentand securitysystems, 357 software
management and consulting, 438 office
and organizational technology, 321 on
applications for small businesses and
professions, 373 on peripheral equip-
ment, 182 on Computer Integrated
Manufacturing-Computer Aided
(j) Manufacturing/Computer Aided Design
o (CiM-CAD/CAM), and 264 on telecom-
z
o munications. One hundred thirty eight
a: American exhibit ors were part of the
I-
oW show.
...J
W If CeBIT had an anyoverall themes this
o year, they were integration and stan-
is dardization of electronic equipmentand
« systems.
a:
84
CeBIT is the place to find the latest - thousands of press releasesabout IPS had
industrycontroversies as well as thelatest
technology. For example, Atari called a
press conference to introduce their new
workstation and instead, attendees were
treated to a lecture by Atari CEO Jack
Tramiel who claimed the DRAM shortage
isascam. Accordingto Tramiel, theshort-
age of DRAM's is artificial. He explained
that there is plenty of semiconductor-
manufacturing capacity in theworld, but
it is not being fully used due to trade
agreements between the US and Japan.
Tramiel illustrated the point bye xplain- jobs lostdue to dumpingpracticesthere
ing that Micron Technology, Inc. of Boise,
Idaho convinced the US govemment to
impose sanctions on the Japanese for
selling low-cost DRAMS in the US, and
then promptly proceeded to raise their
own prices. Using adjectives such as
"greedy" and "stupid " to describe Mi-
cron's action, Tramiel announced that
Atari had filed suit against Micron for
breach of contract and violation of anti-
trust laws.
Printer standards
Then there was the press conference
that wasn't, The Japanese were sched-
uled to offic ially announce t he
International A-inter Standard (IPS) but
theydidn 't show up. Instead, Peter Ohrt,
the public relations manager fortheJapa-
nese printer initiative read a ten minute
statement detailinghow the subcommit-
tee for office and information technology
at the German Industry Association
(VDMA) had started a massive campaign
claimingthatIPS would disturbthewo rld
market by introducing a second standard
in addition to the existing European EPPT
standard.
So the entire group of Japanese man-
ufacturers decided not to inform the
world about IPS even though each of
their booths featured printer products
based on the IPS standard. All of their
brochures discussed the standard, and
D:
been mailed to journalists worldwid e.
Japanese dumping
Grundig's general manager called a
press conference to complainabout Jap-
aneseand Korean dumping practices. He
was talking about Europe but if youreyes
wereclosed, it sounded like any number
of American executives talking about the
unfairness of Japanese and Korean
dumping in the United States. And when
the subject reached the discussion of
could be no doubt that many of our
Americanindustry concerns are the same
as industry concerns in other countries.
Beyond thevariouscontroversies swir-
ling about the fairgrounds, there wereso
many new products to see, it caused
sensory overload for most attendees.
CeBIT lasts for eight days and the only
way to fully see it is to remain on site for
the duration, a feat few can manage.
Products on displayincluded many items
that were being introduced for the first
time anywhere, some of which wi ll make
an American debut at COMDEX in May,
and a multitude of products we won't
seein the United Statesfor several years.
CeBIT iswhere we find out what ison the
horizon, if a product iscoming down the
pipeline from almost anycountry in the
wo rld, it'scoming via CeBIT.
It would be impossible to describe in
one magazine article, all of the working
mod els, prototypes, or co ncep tual
mockupformats of new productson dis-
play at CeBIT. However, let's lookat some
of the items we maysee in the US in the
not-tao-distant future. It might interest
you to know that many Japanese prod-
. uctsare developed firstfor the European
market andthen adapted for US distribu-
tion at a later time.
Macintosh is being cloned in the Ori-
ent.The Taiwanese and Koreans are con-
vinced that there will be a big market
worldwide for Mac clones, and they
even hop e they can find a w ay to export
those machines to the US without en-
countering patent infringement. Thus far
those systems are reverseengineered but
Mac-BIOS cloning is probably not far in
the future.
Apple is fighting back with a develop-
ment that will probably be shown at
COMDEX as w ell. Dubbed the "dream
machine," the system will run both IBM
DOS and MAC software on a single dis-
kette. Apple is said to be developing a
1.7 MB floppy-d isk drive to accommo-
date that dual capab ility Don't runto your well as the USA because it offers the
local computer dealer yet though-the
system is not scheduled to be availab le
for awhile.
New laptops abounded . Key to the
laptop market were more power, faster
speeds, and higher resolution screens.
<:eBIT-is- famous for -b eing-the-place-to- -munication-of-lBM-op erating-systems to - -because it is the w orld 's largest-show in
introduce laptops; just three years ago
Toshiba unveiled the 'T1100 at the show
Hand held devices w ith full QWERTY
keybo ards, some comp lete w ith spell
checkers, were popular items at CeBIT.
Those little computers could ultimately
change business practices and invade
the school classroom where only a few
years ago teachers forbid the use of cal-
culators. Many of the hand-held office-
automation units are already on the mar-
ket in Japan and arehead ing for European
d istribution thisyear. They should appear ISDN high-quality color-image transmis-
in American retail outlets within a year or sion and reception beca me a reality
two.
The UNIXlXENIX operating system
seems to be gaining favor as a standard
for multiuser applications in Europe as
broad-based ability to integratea variety
of computersinto one system. IBM, how-
ever, isn't taking that lying down. They
in t ro du c ed Sys te m A pp l ica t ion
Architecture (SAA), a set of softwa re
standards that allows the exclusive com-
IBM machines. Could that be a new at-
tempt to create a monopoly?
The latest advances in Integrated
services Digital Network (ISDN) tech-
nology could be found everywhere at
CeBIT. The German Bundespost (Federal
Post Office) made news by presenting its
new telecommunications services that
establ ish imp or tant cr iteria for future
ISDN developments on a worldwide
level. Just a year ago, ISDN was an
obscure telephone technology. At CeBIT,
thanks to a cooperative effort between
Japan's Canon and Germany's Siemens
companies. .
Whatyou'vereadisjustatinybitofthe
vastquantity of new products originating
from all parts of the world, that mayor
may not w ind up in American stores. As
one veteran showgoer explained, CeBIT
is one of the tougher shows to cover-it
takes a real world class attendee to ab-
sorb everything. But it's worth the effort
the field and only at CeBIT is current and
future technology from all over the world
gathered together and displayed each
year.-Janet Endrijonas

Microsoft had announced, but had not
shipped , the Mach 20 accelerator card.
Afte r months of delays (including an un-
expected aud it by the FCC), the board
was finally released . We received one of
the first production versions, and we 're
impressed.
The Mach 20 is actually a three-p art
system : the $495accelerator, an optiona l
$395 memory card, and an optional $99
disk controller. Thed isk controller and the
memory card plug into the accelerator
Microsoft's Mach 20 card; the assembly occupies a single full-
length expansion slot.
The accelerator card, whic h was de-
A midst all the hoopla over the 80386, signed by the Personal Computer Sup-
#-\it's easyto lose trackof the fact that,at port Group, usesa moderatelyspeedy 8-
the present time, most people simply MHz 80286. We might havewished for a
can't afford 80386-based systems. Con- fastercard, but it's easyto seeMicrosoft's
sequently, an accelerator card is a highly reasons for building a slower card. Typ-
attractive option to the twelve million or ically, accelerator cards that runat 10 or 12
so owners of P('s, XT's, and clones. Com- MHz cost 33%-50% more than 8-MHz
parative reviews of several popularmod - cards. Keeping the price down should
els appeared in o ur November 1987 makethiscard highlyattractiveto millions
cover story. When that story was w ritten, of PC usersw ho can't afford a fastercard,'
FIG. 1
especially if the usual mail-order dis-
counts on Microsoft prod ucts prevail. In
any case, its on-board 16K cache memo-
ry greatly speeds up ope ration so that the
Mach 20 isroughly equivalent in speed to
an 8-MHz AT, even w hen accessing
memory via the PC/XT's eight-bit bus.
The Mach 20 accelerator card hassev-
eral advantages over the vast majority of
the 80286-based competition (exclud -
ing SOTA's MotherCard and Orch id 's
PCturbo 286e). First, the card can run in
the 80286'sprotected mode. That means
it can run OS/2-but you'll need the
Memory Plusoption to do so. Inadd ition,
the acce lerator has a b uilt-in InPor t
mouse port, so you plug a Microsoft
mouse directly into the card w ithout
using either a slot for a bus mouse, or a
port for a serial mouse.
Whether or not you w ant to run the
Mach 20 in protected mode, the Memory
Plus is an attractiveoption. For $395, you
get 512K of memory that can function in
real (i.e. DOS) mode asEEMSmemory, or
in protected mode asextended memory.
The EEMS memory is highly useful for
running DesqView or TaskView; the fact
that that memory can also be configured
for protected -mode operation provides
a path for upgrading to OS/2 when desir-
ed. The board wil l accept an add itional
megabyte of 256K RAM I('s, as well as
two megabytes of 1-megabit I('s, for a
grand total of 3.5 megabytesof memory.
In addition , the modular design of the
Memory Plus will allow Microsoft to de-
velop upgrades to handle even more
RAM. E
The Disk Plus option is a small board ~
that allows P('s, XT's, and clones w ithout U;
support for high-density d isk d rives (1.2- ~

85
 Reading up on OS/2

rer those interested in gettingthej ump

r on the new operating system, Os-
borne McGraw -Hili is first-on the stands
with OS/2 reading material.The OS/2 Pro-
grammer's Guide was w ritten by Ed
oc XT I~cobucci, one of OS/2's principal de-
Model Abb r Speed MIPS
(MHz ) MUltiple signers at Microsoft; Using OS/2 waswrit-
XT - -Microspeed
IBM - - XT -
F8
- 4.8
7.4
- .24
.38
1.0
1.6
- ten by.Kris Jamsa, author of several books
on DOS-related topic s.
Fast88
Mach 10 Microsoft M1 9.5 .41 1.7 J~msa 's book begins by discussing the
XT-286 SMT SM 10.0 .82 3.4 baS ICSof OS/2 and how it comparesw ith
RAMRacer PC Technolog ies RR 8.0 .90 3.8 DOS. It thengoesonthediscuss the OS/2
TinyTurbo Orchid rr 7.2 .91 3.8 commands and how they compare w ith
Mach 20 Microsoft M2 8.0 .97 4.0
their DOS counterparts. ThenJamsa goes
Rainbow PC Technolog ies RB 9.6 1.16 4.8
FastCache Microway MW 12.0 1.18 4.9
o.n to discuss system configuration, de-
Baby AT MB JDR BA 10.0 1.26 5.3 VIC~ control, and batch-file processing.
Breakthru PCSG PC 12.0 1.43 6.0 QUick reference cards w ith information
Mothercard SOTA Technology SO 12.5 1.44 6.0 on all OS/2 commands are included · a
PCturbo2 86e Orchid P2 10.0 1.48 6.2 diskcontaining all the example progra~s
is available directly from the author for
under $20.
From a technical standpoint, the OS/2
Programmer's Guid e p icks up whe re
megabyte 5Y4-inch or 1.44-megabyte 3Y2- EEMS memory d irectly, or set it up as a
Using OS/2 leaves off. In some 1100
inchdrives)to run thosed rives.You need disk cache, using a program that is in-
a high-density drive to install OS/2, and cluded. Unfortunately, Microsoft's doc u- pages, Iacobucci covers top ics rangi ng
merely having ahigh-densitydrivecan be mentation does not speci fy how from the Intel family architecture (com-
useful for backing up a hard disk and for Memory Plus maybe configured as pro- paring the 8086, the 80286, and the
swapping disks w ith AT owners. You'll tected-mode memory (Microsoft's ver- 80386), multi-tasking anddynamic linking
have to purchase the high-density disk sio n of OS/2 for the Mach 20 w ill under OS/2, the OS/2 file system device
drive separately configure memory automatically) drivers, device monitors, etc. The last
The sum total is a compact, modular To get someideaof the board'sspeed third of the book contains summaries of
system for upgrading PC'S and XI's. You seeFig. 2, w hich showsthe MIPS(Mi ll ion~ OS/2 function callsand errorcodes and
canstartoff withj ustthe accelerator card of Instructions Per Second) performance approximately 150 pagesof sample'pro-
and add the memory and disk options of a dozen accelerator cards of various grams, w hich are available on d isk for
when necessary If you'restarved for slots, about $25.
types. As the figure shows, theMach 20 is
you can combine four functions in one about four times as fast as a standard To those used to working in the DOS
slot: accelerator, mouse interface, expan- 4.77-MHz XI, about twice as fast as Mi- environment, the transitio n to OS/2
sion memory, and disk control. crosoft'sMach 10(an 8086-based accel- should be fairly smooth. To those used to
Installing the card is simple. Set a few erator), and about two -thirds the speed programming in the DOS environment
jumpers on the Mach 20, insert it in an of the fastest boards (which cost from the transition to OS/2 will be much mor~
empty expansion slot, remove the 8088 50% to 200% more). difficult.There aremany new conceptsto
from your motherboard, and run a cable All in all, the Mach 20 is an impressive learn, and a much more complicated
from the Mach 20 to the vacant socket. piece of computing equipment. It pro- programming interface. If you couldn't
Micro'soft's typicallyw ell-illustrated man- vides useful if not astounding accelera- afford Microsoft's $3000 developers kit
ualmakesthe proceduresimple.To install tion at a reasonable price, and, w ith the Iacobucci's book is a good place t~
start.t (J).
the diskor memory options, the appro- memory option, provides a means of
UJ priate board(s) must be attached to the moving from DOS to DesqView to OS/2.
o Mach 20 card and screwed together. The Microsoft's previous attempt at accelera-
z
o adapter kits contain all of the necessary tion hardware was unimpressive, but the PRODUCTS REVIEWED
IX components. Mach 20 is a w inner. A sales promotion
I-
oW To use the EEMS memory, you must can get you the Mach 20, the memory • Using OS/2 and OS/2 Programm er 's
-l
W
add a device driver to your CONFIG.SYS option, and a copy of Excel (reviewed Guide, Osborne McGraw -H ili , 2600 Tenth
o file.(Another driver allowsyou to control last month) for about 70% of the cost of St reet, Berkeley, CA 94710 (800) 227-0900,
o
<
the Mach 20's speed from the keyboard.) the three items together. That's a w inning (800) 772-2531 (CA) .
IX Then you can let your applications use combination.

86
 BUILD
LINE-CARRIER
MODEMS
Build a pair of modems that communicate over the AC Iines-
for less than $1001
KEITH NICHOLS, CRC ELECTRONICS
ow do you connect two PC's together? Solutions
H range from "Sneaker Net" (w herein the user carries a
diskettefrom one machine to the other) to comp lex and
expensive proprietary network systems. For occasional
use, Sneaker Net is easy and reliab le, but as usage in-
creases, a more efficient means of data transfer becomes
necessary The prob lem is that a full networking system
requires dedicated w iring, expensive network servers,
and lots of user training. Clearly, a midrange solution is
required.
The line-carrier modem presented here is one such
solution.TheLCM100 is inexpensive(about $100for a pair
of moderns), easy to build and use, and uses existing AC
wiring to transmit and receive signals. The LCM100 can
operate at any baud rate up to 9600, and relies on your
communications software to transmit and receive data.
For example, you could use a pair of modems to
transmit files between two PC's in an office. You 'd use
your normal communications software (Crosstalk or Pro-
Comm, for example) to send files in Xmodem or Kermit
format. Another possibility wou ld be to transmit man-
ufacturing data from a factory floor back to the centra l
office for processing. At home, you might use the LCM100
18 OF
to transmit files from the PC in your study to the kids' PC in
the basement. You might also use a pair of LCM100's to
transfer data between dissimilar machines-an IBM PC
and a Macintosh, for example.
Background
The LCM100 operates in much the same manner as the
fami liar telephone modem, but sends its signals via elec-
tric-power wi ring instead of telephone lines. Each mod-
ule translates serial asynchronous data between RS-232C
and frequency-shift-keying data formats.
A normal telephone modem translatesthevoltage lev-
els of the digital input signals into two d istinct audible
tones, one of which represents a logic 0, and the other, a
logic 1. The process of shifting the frequency of the
output toneas the logic levelschangeiscalled Frequency
Shift Keying, or FSK. The pair of frequencies representing
the two logic states are conventionally called "mark" and
"space".
The LCM100 converts RS-232C signalsinto FSKform, but. f:;:
the markand spacefrequenciesare above100 kHz, w hich ~
is we ll above the audib le range. To permit communica- ~
tion in two directions simultaneously (full duplex mode), &5
87
 FIG. 1-BLOCK DIAGRAM of the LCM100 data-communication
system. The AC-power wiring of the bu ilding is used to carry the
FSK tra nsmission.

TO TPI + 12V + 12V

115VAC
+ 17V

~T1 ~9.1

if~ j1~-+--
+V
C4
RI4 RI9
..... .11 3.0K 4.7K
C
C2
IN 9 R20 03
IJ.lF
135V + 12V 1N4148
6 R3 BIAS II
9.--- <; 7 RI3
IC3-c 8 R4 -v IN 5.IK "='
10 Yo 1488 12 8 RI2
3.9K R17
150K RI8
R3 220K
12. - - -...... - 12V
5K R6 + 12V
IC3-d 11 FI ADJUST "='
200K R16
13 Yo 1488 F2 ADJUST 10K
"=' "='

FIG. 2-TRANSMITIER SECTION of the LCM100. Op-amp IC2 two pairs of frequencies are used, one called highband,
shapes RS232 data and presents it to the FSK modulator, IC1.
Afte r amplification , the signal is coupled to the AC line by Tt. and the other, lowband. (The two frequency pa irsare also
known as the originate set and the answer set. Those
terms desig nate only the freq uencies that each unit is
C2 using and do not imply the source or content of the data
.1 Cl R3 itself.)
The LCM100 system consists of two modules, the
LCM100-01 module, and the LCM100-02. The designation
is arbitrary, but it shall be assumed herein that the
XR-2207
BINARY
SQUAREWAVE LCM1 00-01 module transmits on the highband and re-
9 • ./ 'r--">-<.J OUTPUT
KEYING O---=-r-----, ceives on the low band , and the LCM100-02 mod ule trans-
INPUT mits on the low band and receives on the highband. The
8 '----I ;>- ---l-'-'--0 TRIANG LE WAVE frequencies that are used by each of the modules are
OUTPUT shown in Table 1.
RI The AC-power line is similar in some respects to the
5.1K
telephone line. How ever, although the telephone line has
well-defined characteristics (a nomina l imped ance of
R2
3.9K 600 ohms, relative ly little no ise, etc .), the AC line can be a
CIJ harsh environment for data signals. With an impedance as
o 6
Z low as2 ohms and occasiona l tho usand-volt noise spikes,
oa: R3 R4 it is less than an optimum communications medium. The
I-
oW LCM100 system must be able to impose an FSK carrier of
...J
sufficient strength onto the low-impedance power line,
W as well as filter out the 60-Hz signal and any other noise
o components that may be present, thus de modulating
o« FIG. 3-BLOCK DIAGRAM AND PIN-OUT of the XR2207. The
a: binary keying inputs (pins 8 and 9) dete rmine out put frequen cy. only the transmitted signal.
88
 + 12V TP2 TP3
R34 + 12V cn
C30 ~
CI9 C35 C31
lOOK .1
.1 C29 470pF 470pF
.1 "::"
135V T3 3900pF

'----'-fj ( 6 I
p 3,.;;:2_
R28
4.7K
-f-'Yt/'o,...J
R31
10K
R30
10K
C20
.01
+ Vcc

C33
C32 330pF
C15 I I C36 ~1l'\r-..-'!-l
3 FI LT Cp13=-----_ -'
3900pF 3900pF
.1 C26 C34
135V 3900 F 6.8pF R 12
05
4 T4 P lN4728 C21 R27
3900pF IC6 R26 24.9K
R29 R33 C27 300K
- 12V XR2211 1%
C2n t 3 06 .1
li~v
4.7K lOOK
: p=-2---t-'WY-..-- - - - 'WY-----+----' lN4728 ,-- 5 OET OOETl-"l1=------...,
-'4
6 : R32
C16 1 5K
<> 6 0 ET CO MP.-=
8.........tNv-....
117 .1 R25
VAC 135V TUNE
7 DATA lOOK REC .

C24
100pF
TO FIG. 6
Rn R24
10K 510K "::"

FIG. 4-RECEIVER SECTION of the LCM100. Signals coupled

from the power line are conditioned by IC7 and then demodulated
by IC6, an FSK demodulator.

Circuit description lator IC1 are above the threshold vo ltage required by the
Figure 1 is the bl ock diagram of the LCM100 line-carrier osc illator's binary keying inp ut.
modem, w hich consists of four basic functions: modu-
letor/drivet line coup let ernp litier/demodu letot and out- Exar XR2207 modulator
put d river. The XR2207 (lC1) is a monolithic voltage-controlled
The modulator/driver and its associated line coupler osc il lator. It can prod uce simultaneous triangle - and
com prise the transmitter stage, and the amp lifier/demod- square-wave outp uts over frequencies ranging from 0.01
ulster together w ith its line coup ler d efines the receiver Hz to 1 MHz. It is ideal ly suited for FSK applications
stage of the modem circuitry Each stage is d iscussed in b ecause it can be set for two (or four) different time bases
detail as w e continu e. and di gitally switched among them. A block d iagram of
the XR2207 and a typi cal hookup are shown in Fig. 3.
Transmitter stage Four main functi onal b locks co mp rise the XR2207: A
Serial input signals are fed via RS-232C por t (J2) to the Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO), four current switch-
input-conditi oning circuit surround ing 1(2 (See Fig. 2). es (which are activated by bi nary keying inp uts), and two
Negative-go ing p ulses are c lipped by D4, and positive- b uffer ampl ifiers for the triangle- and square-wave out-
goi ng pu lsesarecond itioned by vo ltage-comparator IC2. p uts. The VCO is actually a current-controlled oscillator
That signal shapi ng ensuresthat the input signalsto modu- that gets its input from the current switches . Output
frequency is proportional to inp ut current; four discrete
freq uencies may be selected by two binary inp uts(pins8
TABLE l-LCM FREQUENC IES and 9). Those inp ut currents are set by timing resistors
co nnected to pin 4-pin 7. The values for those resistors
LCM100-0l LCM100-02 can be seen in Table 2.
f1 (mark) 150.00 100.00 The LCM100 uses only two of the four FSK levels. The
f2 (space) 156.50 106.50 unused timing inp uts (pins 4 and 5) are left unconnected ,
and the second b inary-keying input, p in 8, is tied to
ground . The mark and space frequencies are set by the
values of timing -resistors R3 and R4 and timing-capacitor
TABLE 2- TIMING RESISTORS
C1 between pins 2 and 3. The FSK input signal is applied
Frequency (kHz) R3 (K) R4 (K) to pin 9. A low applied to pin 9 (with p in 8 tied low)
150 20.20 produces a signal with a frequency f1 determined by:
30.30 c....
100 ' 1 = 1/(R3 x C1) c
156.5 466.2 r:<
106.5 466.2 A high app lied to pin 9 p rod uces a signal f2 with a <D
frequ ency de termined by: ~

89
 PARTS LIST
Note: Component values in parentheses are fo r the
LCM100- 02 board ; other values are for the
LCM100-01 board.
All resistors are V4-watt, 5% unless otherwise noted .
R1, R2, R4, R5. R1 5, R19, R28. R29-4700 ohms
R3-5000 ohms, PC-mount trimmer potentiometer
R6-200,000 ohms. PC-mount trimmer potentiometer
R7--4. 2 ohms
R8-300 ohms
R9-notused
R1D-17,400 ohms, 1% (24,900 ohms, 1%)
R11-360,000 ohms
R12-3900 ohms
R1 3-5100 ohms
R1 4-3000 ohms
R16, R20. R22, R30, R31-10.000 ohms
R17-150,OOO ohms
R18-220,000 ohms
R21--470,000 ohms
R23, R35--820 ohms
R24-510,000 ohms
R25-100,000 ohms
R26-300.000 ohms
R27-24,900 ohms, 1% (16,200 ohms, 1%)
R32- S000 ohms. PC-mount trimmer potentiometer
R33, R34-100,000 ohms (47,000 ohms)
Capacitors
C1 , C2-1 fLF, 135 volts
C3-1800 pF (3900 pF)
C5-330 pF
C6-1000 fLF, 35 volts, electrolytic
C4, C7-G10, C13. C18. C22, C23, C27, C3D-O.1 fLF, 25
volts, monolithic
C1 1-100 fLF, 25 volts, electrolytic
C12, C17-10 fLF, 25 volts, tantalum
C14, C25, C33-330 pF
Ci S, C16, C19, C2D-O.1 fLF, 135 volts
C21-3900 pF
C24-100 pF
f2 = f1+M1
w here !'1.f1 = 1/(R4 x C1). In both eq uatio ns, f is spe cified
in Hz, R3 and R4 are in ohms, and C1 is in farads.
In an actua l circ uit, R3 and R4 can have values between
2K and 2 megohms, and the timing capac itor should be
polycarbonate, polystyrene, or mylar, for optimum tem-
perature stability Table 2 shows the resistor values used to
obtain the highb and and low b and freq uencies, in both
cases using a 330-pf timing capacitor. Note that the value
of R4 is the same for both the freq uency bands . That is
b ecause the d ifference b etween the mark and space
frequ encies is the same for both frequ ency pairs. Because
non- stand ard values are obtained, a series co mbinatio n
of a fixed resistor and a potentiometer permit fine tuning
the mark and space frequencies.
(j) The square wave output of the XR2207 ( p in 13) is an
~ open-collector stage that drives power transistor Q1.
o Resistor R15 is a pull-up resistor for the ICs output.
g: Pow er transistor Q1 drives the tuned line co upler (T1
frl
....J
and C3) that effects the impedance transformation neces-
w sary to impose the FSK carrier onto the 60-Hz power line.
§ Protective capacitors .C1 and C2 isol ate the modulatio n
ri ci rcuitry fro m the power-line vo ltage.
90
C26, C29, C32, C36-3900 pF (1800 pF)
C28-0.01 fLF, disk
C31 , C35--470 pF
C34-6.8 pF
Semiconductors
SRi-50 volts, 1 amp
01,02,03.06-1N4148
04, 05-1N4728 (3.3-volt Zener)
LE01-standard red
LE02-standard green
IC1-XR2207, FSK modulator
IC2- LM311N, op-amp
IC3-1488, RS-232 line driver
IC4-78L12ACZ, precision + 12-volt regulator
IC5-79L1 2ACZ. precision - 12-volt regulator
IC6-X~2211 . FSK demodulator
IC7-LM318N,op-amp
Q1-MJE180. NPN power transistor
Q2-PN2222, NPN switching transistor
Q3-2N3906, PNP switching transistor
Other components
J1-115-volt AC receptacle J2-2S-pin 0 connector Pi ,
P2-3-pin header strip P3-2-pin header strip MOV1-
150-volt varistor T1-RF coil, TOKO RAN10A6729HK
T2-24-volts, 180 rnA, PC mount (Dale PL-13-07)
T3-T6-RF coil, TOKO RAN10A6729
Miscellaneous
Note: The following are available from CRC Elec-
tronics, 13547 S. E. 27th Place, Suite 3D, Bellevue ,
WA 98005, (206) 747-9636: Etched and drilled PC
boards with plated-through holes, $24.95/pair; Par-
tial kit (includes PC boards, all transformers, coils,
jacks, and high-voltage capacitors) $49.95/pair ;
Complete kit excluding case and power cords,
$99.00/pair; Assembled and tested PC-board as-
sembly without cases and power cords, $119.95/
pair; Complete assembled and tested system,
$159.95/pair. Individual components are also avail-
able.
Receiver Stage
As shown in Fig. 4, the parallel line couplers, 13/C29
and T4/C26, are capacitively iso lated from the AC line by
protective capacitors C15, C16, C19 and C20. One of the
LC circuits is tuned to the "mark" frequency of the line-
carrier signal, and the other is tuned to the "sp ace" fre-
quency. The line co up lers effectively present a high im-
pedance to the 60-Hz power-line signal while presenti ng
a low -imp ed ance path to the tuned frequencies.
Next, the received signals are amplified by 10, an
LM31 8N high-slew-rate op-amp. The output of 10 is fed
through a b andpass filter network co mposed of C35 and
R31, T5 and C36, C31 and R30, and T6 and C32. Those
co mponents shape the signal and reject no ise; Zener-
diodes D6 and D7 cl ip the peak-to-peak signal voltage to
6.6 vo lts to avoid damaging the demodulator (lC6).
Exar XR2211 Demodulator
The XR2211 is a Alase-Locked-Loop (PLL) IC designed
especia lly for data communication and particularly suited
for FSK-mod em applications. It operates over a frequency
range from 0.01 Hz to 300 kHz and can accommodate
analog input signals between 2 mi llivo lts and 3 volts. A
b lock di agram of the XR2211 and a typical FSK-d emod -
ulator hookup are shown in Fig. 5.
 C F = 3/data rate in bits per second
.y I XR-Z211 where CF is in microfarads. Since the LCM100 is designed
~ l VCC for operation up to 9600 bps (bits per second),avalueof
- .1
330 pf is acceptable.
1~~~T <>-1""2.-'t-2- -' The final area requ iring calculation is the lock-detect
.I
section of the XR221 1, which is used in a carrier-detect
Rl R, function.Theopen-collector lock-detect output (p in 6) is
5K
connected to the data output (p in 7). That d isables any
Cl
output created by noise, unless a carrier signal is present
R2
C4 wi thin the detection passband of the PLL. Presuming a
.1
5.1K
+ y -Wr-~----' '' II, parallel resistance of 470 kilohms, the minimum value of
lOOK
the lock-detect filter capacitor, CD, is:
Co = 16/(f1 - (2)/2
The LCM1 00 uses a 3900-pf capacitor for CD'

FIG. 5-BLOCK DIAGRAM and basic hookup of the XR2211 FSK

demodu lator. See the text for information on calculating resistor 4
and capacitor values. R4
4.7K
+ IZV 5
- -Frequency-shift =keyed -input -signals_are_fed_to_ pin_2_of + lZV RZ
the IC through a 0.1-I-LF coupling capacitor. The internal 4.7K
6
impedance is 20 kilohms and the minimum recom- CI8
PI RI
mended input signal is 10 mV ~ .1 OUTPUT 4.7K
The center frequency of the demodulator's passband Z
must be set at the centerof the frequencyband that isto FROM B
be detected. In the LCM100 the passband is set halfway FIG.4
between the frequency pairs: (106.5 + 100)/2 = 103.25 + 17V
kHz for th e LCM100-01 demodul at or, and LE02
GREEN
(156.5 +150)/2 = 153.25 kHz for the LCM100-02. CARRIER
In Fig. 5, the oscillator's center frequency is calculated DETECT CO-+- -'

as follow s:
fo = 1/(R o 'C o)
where Ra is in ohms and Co is in farads. Using a 330-pf
capacitor for Co the computed values for Ra are 29.35K
and 19.77K for the LCM1 00-01 and LCM100-02 modules
respectively. With a 5K trimmer w ired in series, 1% re-
sistorsw ith values of 24.9Kand 16.2Kare used. Capacitor
Co should be mylar, polycarbonate, or polystyrene.
System bandwidth is set by R1 , and C1 sets the loop-
filter time constant and damping factor. The value of R1 is
determined by the mark/space frequency difference:
R1 = (Ro ' fo) /(f1 - (2)
The calculated values for R1 are 395 kilohms (fo = 103.25
kHz) and 382 kilohms (fo = 153.25 kHz). However, in
order to increase the detectab le bandw idth, both
LCM100 modules use a 300K value for R1.
The equation for computing the loop-damping factor
associated w ith C1 is complex, but there is a convenient
rule of thumb. The damping factor should be approxi-
mately 1/2, and a value of C1 = Cd 4 w ill produce that.
With Co equal to 330_pf, C1 equals 82.5 pf. Because the
loop low-pass filter time constant T equals R1 x C1, the
LCM100 usesa100-pfva lueforC1 in order to compensate
for the lower value of R1.
Resistor RB provides positive feedback across the FSK
comparator and facilitates a rapid transition between
output states. A value of 510K is normally used.
Components CF and RF form a single-pole post-detec-
tion filter for the FSK data output (R F generally = 100K).
Capacitor CF smoothes the data output; itsvalue is calcu-
lated roughly as:
P2
INPUT
03
2N3906
P3
CARRIER
FROM DETECT JZ
FIG.4 A TO FIG. 2 C R5232
FIG. 6-0UTPUT AMPLIFIER AND CONNECTORS. Transistor Q2
amplifies the output of the XR2211. Line buffer IC3-a then con-
verts the signal to RS-232C form.
Output driver
Referring to Fig. 6, the dataoutput of the XR2211 (pin 7)
is amplified by NPN-transistor 02, which drives 1C3-a,
one section of a 1488 quad RS-232C line driver. It pro-
duces the positive- and negative-voltage levels required
by the RS-232C interface.
The carrier-detect output of the XR2211 (pin 5) drives
the base of transistor 03, w hichcontrolsLED2, the carrier-
detect LED. The LED provides a convenient means of
verifying that the tw o modems are "talking" to each other.
Next time
The only circuitry thatwe have not discussed yet isthe
power-supply section. Untortunetely we have run out of
room in this issue. However, the power supply's circuitry
and operation will be discussed in detail in next month's
ComputerDigest . We'll also give you the construction
details, PC board patterns, and the testing and tuning
instructions, so that you can get your system up and 2:
running. At this time, it might be a good idea for you to ~
gatherup all the partsyou'll need, or order anyof the kits co
co
that are offered at the end of the Parts List..CO. co

91
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92
BUILD
THE PT·68K
This month we
install the DRAM circuitry
PETER A. STARK f 1
ast month we d iscussed the internal structure of dy-
L namic RAM (DRAM), and how it w orks. Thi smonth we' ll
describe and build the DRAM circuit actually used in the
PT-68K. We've already discussed the general principles
behind DRAM circuits, so let's start by discussing the
specific circuits used in the PT-68K.
DRAM operation during CPU accesses
Let's begin ourdiscussion with the timing circuit shown
in Fig. 1. First, assume flip -flops IC49-a and IC49-b are
reset, which is the conditio n most of the time, because
IC49-a is reset every time AS (Address Strobe) goes low.
Since IC49-b is reset, its REFRESH outp ut is low and REFRESH is
high. Furthermore, since IC49-a is also reset, the CAS and
DRAM DTACK outputs are both low.
When the 68000 wants to access DRAM (either to write
to it or to read from it), it p laces a valid address on the
address bus. The address decoder (d iscussed in the
January issue and shown in Fig. 3 of that article) recog-
nizes the address as referring to the DRAM, and sends out
the DRAM enablesignal which goesto IC51-c (shown in Fig.
1) to initiate a DRAM cycle. The signal travels a long
distance on the board, so C68, a 33-pFcapacitor, is used
to reduce noise pickup. When DRAM goes l o~ pin 10 of
IC51-c is also low (aswe w ill see in a moment), so IC51-c
sends a low pulse to pin 10 of IC37-c.
(Actually, IC51 -c is an OR gate, but it is shown as an AND
gatewith bubbles on both its inputs and itsoutputs. That
notation was explained in the January 1988 installment.)
So, to recap, when the 68000wants to access DRAM,
the RAM signal is asserted, and that in turn makes pin 8 of
IC51-c go low. Then pin 8 of IC37-c goes high. That signal
now does two things.
First, it is inverted to a low by IC66-d to generate RAS,
the Row Add ress Strobethattellsthe DRAM ICsto accept
a row address. RAS alsogoes to pin 12of IC51-d; because
I t _ " t , • \ , , ,
t J , .. 1 t , , , \
• , , • t , \ , ,
pin 13 is already low (justlike pin10), pin 11 of IC51 -d also
goes low. That providesa second low to IC37-c, ensuring
that it continues to output a high on pin 8 even if the DRAM
signal should disappear. That's not important now,
though, because the RAM signal wi ll not disappear until
after the DRAM operation is complete. (In other words,
that circuit is only needed during refresh.)
Second, the highon pin 8 of IC37-c alsogoesto IC52, a
150-nanosecond delay line. That IC does what the name
implies-it delayssignals. It has several outputs,of which
we use two. Whenever a logic signal isapp lied to itsinput
on pin1,thatsignal isdelayed and appears on theoutputs
a specified delay-time later. The total delay line is spec-
ified as 150 nanoseconds(ns), wh ich meansthatthe input
comes out the last output, pin 8, 150 ns after it entered .
But the delay line also has an intermediateoutput on pin
12, which provides only a 30-ns delay (When you think
about it, 30 nsisavery shorttime. For example, a beamof
light-the fastest thing we know of-travels only about
30 feet in 30 nsl)
Until nov; the input to the delay line was lo~ so both
of its outputs were low. Pin 8 of IC52 therefore has been
sending a low backto IC51-c and IC51-d. Meanw hile, pin
12 of IC52 has been sending a low to flip-f lop IC49-a, to
pin 4 of IC35-b, and to the N BSELECT line. After the 30-ns
delay, however, pin 12of IC52 goeshigh. That togglesthe
N BSELECT signal from low to high, and it also clocks flip-
flop IC49-a. Since the data input (pin 2) of the flip -flop is
already high (since flip-flop IC49-b was reset, REFRESH was
high), the flip -flop now sets and sends out a high on CAS
and DRAM DTACK.
Now let's jump ahead to Fig. 2 and seewhat ishappen-
ing in the DRAM address multiplexers. As mentioned last i::
time, the DRAM address pins receive three separate ad- !<
dresses. During normal memory operation, first they re- <0
ceive a row address, then a co lumn address; d uring &l
93

Further Help
If you need further help, contact us throug h our BBS at
914-241-3307. If that is not possible, hardware questions
can be answered by Periphera l Technology, 1480Terrell Mill
Rd. # 870, Marietta GA 30067, (404) 984-0742. Software
questions dealing with the HUMBUG monitor program or
the SK'OOS disk operating system can be answered by
Star-K Software Systems Corp., P. O. Box 209, Mt. Kisco
NY 10549, (914) 241-0287.
Ordering Information
Complete details were given in part one (in the October
1987 issue). To summarize : the basic kit (PT1, $200) con-
tains all parts except power supply, case, and video termi-
nal or persona l computer to get a small system (ROM
monitor, 2K RAM) up and running. The full basic system
(PT-68K, $530) includes 512K of dynam ic RAM, floppy-dis k
controller, para llel port, battery-backed cloc k/calendar,
three PC-compatible expansion slots, SK*OOS operating
system , editor, assembler, and system utilities. To order, or
for more information, contact Peripheral Technology, 1480
Terrell Mill Road # 87 0, Ma rietta GA 30067, (404)
984-0742 .
refresh, they receive a refresh address. The multipl exers
shown in Fig. 2 select w hich of those three addresses is
app lied w hen.
In our circuit d escriptions until nov-; REFRESH has be en
low and REFRESH has been high. The circuitry at the top of
Fig. 2 generates the refresh address, which can b e sent to
the DRAM's through a set of three-state buffers in IC61 if
their oc (O utput Control) input goes low But since REFRESH
is high, that keeps oc high and therefore prevents the
refresh add ress from getting to the DRAM's.
Instead, the low REFRESH signal is app lied to the G(gate)
inputs of IC88, 10 5, and IC62. Each is a "q uad two-inp ut
multiplexer", meaning that it contains four multiplexers,
eac h with two inputs. The NB SELECT input on .each IC
selects which of the two inputs is sent to the output of
each multip lexer. Scanning down the inputs of IC88, for
examp le, A1 goes to output MA3 if the N B SELECT inp ut is
10VY, or AS goes to MA3 if the NB SELECT inpu t is high.
Similarly;either A 2 or A 6 goes to MA2, dependi ng on the
N B SELECT inpu t. Noti ce that the A inputs and MA outputs
seem to b e mixed up in a crazy order, w hich seems as
though the memor y is going to be very confused . In
actual operation, it simp ly means that every time the
68000 stores something into memory it wi ll go into what
looks like the w rong location; but the next time the 68000
wants to read it back, it w ill be read back from the same
j
w rong loc ation, so the correct data will co me back out.
A t the begi nning of the operation, N BSELECT w as 10VY, so
each of the multip lexers chose one set of nine b its to send
to the MA outputs. But after the d elay line outp uts a high
NB SELECT, the mult ipl exers switch and send the other nine
address bi ts to the MA out puts. The first set of nine b its
was the row address; the second set is the column
address. A lthough it loo ks as though the column address
comes out just 30 ns after the row address, actually the

L :r :r
IC65-a IC65·b + 5V REFRESH CLOCK

10~
~ 74LS390 ~ 74LS390 + 5V

I Cl KS /
1 CKA QAW fl§o I>CKA QAW 12 0
10
PR
Q ~O
PR
Q5 12 0
PR
Q9 REFRESH
.ic I>CKB QB ri- l!.k I>CKB QB ui,
IC50-b IC50-a IC49-b
QC ,i.. QC ~ Y, 74LS74 Y, 74LS74 ~ 74ALS74

t- CLR Qorl-, !- CLR QO 9 11

CLK
CL
o:~ .l.. I> CLK
CL
o:~ .u I>CLK
CL
o:S I REFR ESH

BERRCLK I-- 131' 1~ 13

~
IC66·c
Ii 74LS04 6 IC35·b L
MPUCLK)

AS "'
~6 13 -
IC4B-d
12 l4 74LS08
:)n l4 74LSOO ~

R12
/
4~ + 5V 10K + 5V

~ 12
Uo PR Q~ CAS
IC51·a 1,... 3 9 ~ 30 3 CLK DRAM OTACK)
l4 74LS32 r-: 10 J IC37·c S 1 IC52 IC49-a
~

" ~~
Y, 74ALS74

9 r- • 9 150.1.. o: ~
I DRAM) IC51-c B IN LINE
CL

~1
C6S l . IC66.d DELAY
10 l4 74LS32
PF Ii 74LS04
33 I AlB SELECT
8
U) RAS )
o
z
oa::
~ IC51 -d 11
13 Y, 74LS32 ,..-
b
UJ
....J
UJ
o FIG. 1-THE PT-68K'S TIMING CIRCUITRY. The system clock (ClKS) is divided by 100 by
o
« IC65-a and IC65-b; it, in combination with MPUClK, Mi, and DRAM generate the refresh-
a:: enable signals that allow DRAM to be refreshed.

94
 I REFR ES H " + 5V
IC46-a
y, 74HCTJ93 tl
1 ,
I REFRESH CLOCK A QA 3 1 G
OB
4
~ DC07 Q7 19
OC h l l 17 D6 06 16
~CLR OD 1 ~4 D5 IC61 05
15
D4 74S373 04 12

IC46-b
8 D3 03 9

~I
y, 74HCTJ93 7 D2 02 6

~A OD
OC
~3 DODl 01~
oo.f-
OB 10
13 CLR QA ll
,
I Al-A18 " Al
R18-d
A5
2 lA
3 lB
lY 4 -{§)
A2 R18-g
A6
5 2A
6 2B
2Y 7
R18-h
-®
~
- - A3 11 -3A- IC88 -3Y 9
A7 10 3B 748257
A4 14 4A 4Y 12 R18-e ~
A8 13 4B MAO
15 4 X 330
I REFRESH ') G
1 AlB

13 R17-d 4 ~ MEMORY ADDRESS

A9 2 1A 1Y 4 >
I AlB SELECT >- A13
Al0
3 lB
5 10 R17-g 7
MA6
-®
LINES TO
ALL DRAMS
2A 2Y 7 MA5
A14 6
2B
All 11 IC75 3Y 9 9 R17-h 8 - §
A15 10;~ 748257
MA7
A12 14 4Y 12 12 R17-e 5 - §
4A ,.. MA4
A16 13 4B 4 X 330
15 G
1 AlB

A17 2 lA lY 4 15 R17-b 2 - §
MA8
A18 3 lB 330
5 2A 2Y 7
6 2B
11 IC62 3Y 9
10 ;~ 748257
14 4A 4Y12
13 4B
15 G
f AlB

FIG. 2-THE PT-68K'S ADDRESS MULTIPLEXERS. IC61 provides the refresh addresses ;
IC62, IC75, and IC88 provide row and column addresses.

delayis somewhat greater. The row address is applied to
the DRAM ICs as soon as the 68000 starts its memory
operation; the column address is not applied until after
the address decoder has recognized the DRAM address
and sent out the RAM signal, which must then go through
IC51 -c and IC37-c before even entering the delay line.
To summarize, operation proceeds as follows:
1) The 68000 sends out anaddress; since REFRESH and N B
SELECT are both lovv, nine bits of the address go to the
DRAM's as a row address.
2) The address decode r sends out RAM, which startsthe
DRAM circuitry
3) RAS goes low:
5) CAS goes low:
6) DRAM DTACK goes low:
Note that DTACK normally signals the 68000 that a data
transfer is completed, yet the DRAM access is nowhere
near beingfinished.To operatethecomputerat maximum
speed, DTACK issentto the DTACK circuitry (lC36,shown in
Fig. 5 of the January issue) before the DRAM actually
finishes the operation. The 68000 doesn't respond for
several moreclock pulses, so the DRAM wi ll have enough
time to finish w hat it isdoi ng before the 68000 continues
its operation .
c....
Regretfu lly, our discussion must wait until next month c
because we've run out of space. How ever, w hen we !<
~

4) After a short d elay, N BSELECT goes high and sends the return, we'll continueour discussion on the DRAM circuit- CD
ex:>
other nine address b its (column address) to the DRAM's. ry's operation. ce

95
 •
~

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7
is value. And no one else delivers it
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REACTS
continued from page 50
vate the water valves, and how many
valves will be act ivate d si multa-
neou sly. When you are calcul ating the
power that is neede d , remem ber to
consider the amount of current that is
use d by the water valve's so lenoid
when it is first activated (the inrush
curre nt), whic h will be somewhat
higher than the hold ing current of the
solenoid.
In most cases, each of the octal VO
relays would activate only one valve.
Therefore the relays, which are rated
at 6 amp s, will have no trouble at all ,
as the average consumer water valve
_ _(e_quir~_es_Uhan_Lamp._ Be_sure_to_
protect the transform er agai nst shorts -
and overloads with the proper size
fuse .
Also, follow the water-valve man-
ufacturer's guide lines pertaining to
the minimum diameter of the wire to
be used , and their recomm end ations
on waterproo fing the wire and the
connections. Finally, be sure to ad-
here to any local building codes that
may apply to the install at ion . It's
worth it in the long run .
For information on water valves,
sprinkler heads, etc ., contact your 10-
cal lawn and garden supply store . Two
maj or manu facturer s of co ns umer
sprink ler-system produ cts are Toro
and Rainbird. You should be able to
find them, and many other manufac-
turers of suc h equ ipme nt, in the
yellow pages.
In conclusion
By now, we hope that the wheels in
your head have started turn ing as to
what the REACTS modular syste m
can do for you . It is no secret that
co mputers are now being used for
more th an j ust number cr unching,
word processing, drafting, etc . The
system we have been showing you
makes computerized home control af-
fordable . It also bridges the gap be-
tween process contro llers and person -
al com puters .
In the articles to come, we will
oen
z disc uss and build more of the process -
~ control mod ules . We will also con-
t; struct mod ules that will enhance the
~ system , suc h as the battery-backed
6 power supply and the CRT controller/
Ci printer interface . We hope you will
r.? stay with us. R-E
98
ladia-
LC METER Ell!lIlranilil
continued from page 45
and work with a simple binary coun-
ter scheme composed of inexpe nsive
CMOS chips, required an Apple II
program that ran for almost 4Y4 hours.
The prog ram that calculated all the
required funct ion addresses for the
EPROM for each of the approximate-
Iy 15,000 solutions to the equation ran
for another 2Y2 hours. And after all the
APPLIANCE REPAIR HANDBOOKS-13
time spent calculating the EPROM vo lumes by ser vice ex perts; easy -to-
data, the build er would need access to understand diagrams, illustrations. For major
an EPROM programm er. To simp lify appliances (air conditioners, refrigerators ,
everything, a programm ed EPROM is washers, dryers, microwaves, etc.), elec.
hous ewares , personal-care applia nces .
available from the source listed in the Basics of solid state, setting up shop, test
Parts List. instruments . $2.65 to $7.90 each . Free
Just in case )'ou dec ide to test the brochure. APPLIANCE SERVICE,.P.O. Box
EPROM data against your own cal- 789, Lombard, IL 60148. (312) 932-9550.
cula tio ns , bear in mi nd that the CIRCLE 84 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
EPROM data have been compe nsated
for the parasitic capac itive and indue-
tance values that exists across the in-
strument's input terminals.
That's it for the theory. Next month
we' ll build and align the LC meter so
that you can begin using it in your lab.
R-E
CPIB
THE MODEL WTT-20 IS ONLYTHE SIZE OF
continued from page 60
A DIME, yet transmits both sides of a tele-
phone conversation to any FM radio with
There are system and measu ring- crystal clarity. Telephone line powered - never
related co nstraints that also affect the needs a battery! Up to V4 mile range. Adjusta-
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data -transfer rate. Exam ples of those + $1.50 S + H. Free Shipping on 2 or more!
are high resolution (5 1/2 to 6 1/2 COD add $4. Call or send VISA, MC, MO.
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quency counting, and narrow band
spectrum analysis. Those slow real-
time measuring processes were fine
when a human could wait 5 or 10
seco nds for a measurement to come
up; however, with automated test in-
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As a result , the test-equipment indus-
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computer-interface com bination. • Regularly $150, R&E Special $135, M-
When we continue, we'll look at
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99

R-E Engineering Admart
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HARDWARE HACKER
co ntin ued from p age 73
catalog number 109. O f all th o se
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FCC LICENSE
PREPARATION
The FCC has revised and updated the
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vo rite here is th e M50734, A 128K
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old Appl e li e, Il c, or Il gs w o rks ju st
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ment syste m .
Turnin g to my own st uff, check
into m y cl assi c TTL an d CMOS
Cookbooks if yo u happen to be
in t er ested in t he funda me ntals of
digit al in t egr ated circ u its . Some -
t h ing like 1,400,000 co pies are now
in print, w h ic h mu st b e so me so rt
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A n d I d o have a "zeta rel ease"
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AUDIO UPDATE
continued fro m p age 74
By now, if my sho rt t utori al o n
resonan ce has been abso rbe d, at-
te nt ive read ers shou ld have so me
in sigh t into th e g ro ove -s k ip pi ng
probl em. Th e new cartridge was
o bvio usly heavi er, o r m ore co m -
pl ian t th an t he old o ne . Th at sh ift-
ed t he ar m/ca rtri dge re son an t
f re q ue ncy down w ard in t o th e
w arp dan ger-zon e, and t on e-arm
lift- off occ u rre d w he n th e re so-
nan ce was tri ggered by a wa rp at or
near t he critical f req ue ncy of t he
arm/cartridge co mb inatio n .
Th e obvio us so lutio n is a ca r-
trid g e wh o se co m p l i ance, o r
we ig ht more closely resembl es t he
o ld on e, whi ch apparently wo r ke d
o ut we ll w it h t he to ne arm . The
moral of t he story-for th o se w ho
wa nt suc h thi ngs- is t hat t he re's a
ri sk in choosi ng a cart ridge or a
t on e arm in isol ati on. Th e two
mu st be selected (o r d esign ed ) as
a co m pat ib le t eam to ens u re th at
t he reson ances occ u r in t he p re-
ferred ran ge. In ci d en tall y, because
the re are no mechanical interac-
t io ns betw een a compact d isc and
th e laser beam t hat " p lay s" it, CO
pl ayer s, as a rul e, do not generally
suffe r fro m any resonan ce p ro b-
lem s. R-E
 MARI{ET CENTER
FOR SALE DESCRAMBLERS. All brands. Speci al : Jerrold PHOTOFACT folders, under # 1400 $3.00. Others
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2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9 10

11 12 13 14 15 ($42.75)

16 ($45.60) 17 ($48.45) 18 ($51 .30) 19 ($5 4 .15) 20 ($57.00) MICROWAVEantennas, multichannel 1.9-2.7 Ghz
dual polarity. From only $49.95. "Best in the west!"
GALAXY ELECTRONICS. Call 1 (602) 939·1151.
21 ($59.85) 22 ($62.70) 23 ($65.55) 24 ($6 8.40) 25 ($71 .25) TUBES, name brands, new, 80% oil list. KIRBY,
298 West Carmel Drive, Carmel, IN 46032.
IS it true...jeeps for $44 through the government?
Call for facts! 1-(312) 742-1142, ext. 4673.
26 ($74.10) 27 ($76.95) 28 ($79.80) 29 ($82.65) 30 ($ 85 .50)
TV tunable notch filters, free brochure. O.K. VIDEO,
Box 63/6025, Margate, FL 33063 1-(305) 752-9202.
RUN three-phase motors on single phase, free bro-
31 ($88.35) 3 2 ($91 .10) 33 ($94.05) 3 4 ($96.90) 3 5 ($99.75) chure. MOTORS, Box 63/6025, Margate, FL 33063
1-(305) 752-9202.
We accept MasterCard and Visa for payment 01orders. II you wish to use your credit card to pay lor your ad fill
in the following additional inlormation (Sorry, no telephone orders can be accepted.): TUBES. "Oldest," "latest." Parts and schematics.
SASE for list. STEINMETZ, 7519 Maplewood Ave.,
R.E. Hammond, IN 46324.
SOLAR battery chargers. Homes, RVs, boats.
From $30.00. Brochure. SUN POWER, Texas, Dept.
Card Number Expiration Date 01B, P.O.B. 2788A, Freeport, TX 77544.
TESLA coils- Kirli an electrophotography- plas-
ma bulbs...Free 1988 science plan catalog! SCIEN-
TIFIC, Box 1054HRH, Duvall, WA 98019.

- --------_/ _
Please Print Name
-- - - - - - - -
Signature

IF YOU USE A BOX NUMBER YOU MUST INCLUDE YOUR PERMANENT ADDRESS AND PHONE
NUMBER FOR OUR FILES. ADS SUBMITIED WITHOUTTHIS INFORMATION WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED.
CLASSIFIED COMMERCIAL RATE: (lor firms or individuals oll ering commercial products or services)
$2.85 per word prepaid (no charge lor zip code)...MINIMUM 15 WORDS. 5% discount for same ad in 6
issues; 10% discount lor same ad in 12 issues within one year; if prepaid. NON-COMMERCIAL RATE: (for
individuals who want to buy or sell a personal item) $2.30 per word, prepaid....no minimum. ONLY FIRST
WORD AND NAME set in bold caps at no extra charge. Additional bold face (not available as all caps) 50¢
per word additional. Entire ad in boldface, $3.40 per word. TINT SCREEN BEHIND ENTIRE AD: $3.55 per
word. TINT SCREEN BEHIND ENTIRE AD PLUS ALL BOLD FACE AD : $4.15 per word. EXPANDED GREAT buyst Surplus prices, ICs,linears, transfor-
TYPE AD : $4.30 per word prepaid. Entire ad in boldface, $5.15 per word. TINT SCREEN BEHIND ENTIRE mers, PS, stepping motors, vacuum pump, pho-
EXPANDED TYPE AD: $5.40 per word. TINT SCREEN BEHIND ENTIRE EXPANDED TYPE AD PLUS totransistor, meters, Isase, FERTIK'S, 5400 Ella,
ALL BOLD FACE AD: $6.25 per word. DISPLAY ADS : 1" x 2\14" - $320.00; 2" x 2\14"-$640.00; 3" x Phila., PA 19120.
21/4'-$960.00. General Information: Frequency rates and prepayment discounts are available. ALL
COPY SUBJECT TO PUBLISHERS APPROVAL. ADVERTISEMENTS USING P.O. BOX ADDRESS WILL SURPLUS Zenith Z100 computer motherboards.
NOT BE ACCEPTED UNTIL ADVERTISER SUPPLIES PUBLISHER WITH PERMANENT ADDRESS No RAM/ROM, over 100 chips in sockets including
AND PHONE NUMBER. Copy to be in our hands on the 12th of the third month preceding the date of the 8088,808 5, 74LSxxx, 74ALSxx, crystals and more,
issue. (i.e., Aug. issue copy must be received by May 12th). When normal closing date falls on Saturday. $49.95. Boards without chips $12.95 shipping in- ~

Sunday or Holiday, issue closes on preceding working day. Send for the classified brochure. Circle Number cluded. Visa Master. LYNBAR INDUSTRIES, (616) c.o
49 on the Free Information Card. 983-3389. co
co

101
 A CCESSOR I ES FOR THE
NEW
SCANNER
MOTION CONTROL SYSTEM
3500
CONNECTS TO THE VIDEO LOGIC
BOARD AND ALLOWS THESVSTEM TO MONITOR
92 SWITCHI RElAY CONT ACTS. ASS EMBLED s; TESTED
R ERNUM R 0 1 4 A 4 f OR SHIPPIN HAN I
SPIN CONNECTS TO THE SER IAL PO RT S AND 5900
ALLOWS PULSEWIDTH MODULATION OF TWO
DC SERVOMOTORS . TRANSPARENT TO NORMAL USE OF
SERI AL PORTS. OPTI CAL ENCODER FE ED BAC K KEEPS
THE MOTORS UNDE R CaNTRaL ' INCLU DES REF LECTIVE
LEOS, ENCODER DISKS, DRIVER KIT. ANDSO FTWAR E. H
PATTERN ORIVERS ALLOW FORWARD& REVERSE fROM
ONE 12 VOLT POWER SUPPLY. FOR USE WITH MOTORS
UPTO.6 AMPS AT 12 VDC.
R RN M RS 1 A D 4 f R HIPPIN HAN IN
~q~f~uMW~AO: f~~pEM~~ ~~1~1E~
4A MP MOTORS. OR USE 2 TO DRIVEONE 16 AMP MOTO R
OROER NUMBER 50/06 ADD f OR SHIPPING& HANDLING
~ :::::,,~10=RR~232
" CPU'\;
~:'~;:'- '~iikit" , ~
• GENERAL PURPOSE 64K SINGL EBOARD COMPUTER
• AMBER MONITO R WITH 80 BY 24 LINES DISPLAY
• QUAlITY KEYBOARD WITH KEY PAO s.FUNCTION KEYS
.4 "EASYSTEPPER' MOTORS AND DRIVER KIT
• PDSDOS MICROSOFT BASIC AND PI LOT LANGUAGE
• MOTOR CONTROL PROGRAM WITHSOURCE LISTING
• POWERSUPPLIESINCLUDED OR USE YOUR BATTERIE S
.• FULLY DOCUM ENTED'I NC l UDING SCH EMATICS- - - -
• ALL BOARDS EXCEPT THE ORI VER ARE PRE A5SEMBLE D
• DISK STORAGE (not includ.d)fXPANDABLE TO 3.2 MEG
• OR DER NUMBER S0 /03 . PLEASE ADD $ 14 FO RS&H.
MOTION CONTROL SYSTEM
CllI for I co .. of 15 de. Irlll .. r eemenl. Tex &
freight exln.COD to conI USAo k Idd S3 10 S&H
Pnce rna, change .Store Price ma"J differ. While
supplies list. No PO, t erms or credit cards
S i1icon"alley S urpius
'Ir OPEN
41 "-261-4506
440 I OAKPORT OAKLAND CA , 9460 1
CIRCLE 51 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
PLANS-Bu ildYourself-All PartsAvaila~e InStock
• LCl-BURNING CUTTING CO, LASER
• RUB4-PORTABLELASERRAY PISTOL ...
• TCCI-3SEPARATETESLACOIL
PlANSTO1.5 MEV .......... .....................
• lOCI-IONRAY GUN
• GRAI-GRAVITYGENERATOR
• EMU-ELECTROMAGNET COILGUN/LAUNCHER ...
KITS
• MFT3K-fMVOICE TRANSMITTER3MI RANGE . .
• VWPMl- TELEPHONETRANSMITIER3MI RANGE
• BTC3K-250.ooVOLT 10·14' SPARK TESLACOIL
• LHC2K- SIMULATEO MULTICOLORLASER .................
• BLS1K-loo.00c WAnBLASTER DEFENSE DEVICE ..
• ITMIK-loo.00c VOLT20' AFFECTIVE
RANGEINTIMIDATOR ..
• PSP4K- TIME VARIANTSHOCK WAVE PISTOL
• PTGIK- SPECTACULARPLASMA
TORNADOGENERATOR ..
• MVPIKSEEINDARK KIT .
ASSEMBLED
• PTWIK-SPECIALEFFECTVISUAL PlASMA GENERATOR
FORGLOBESiNEONTUBING ETC
• BTCIo-50.000 VOLT-WORLD'SSMALLEST
TEStACOIL
.LGU4D-1MWHeNe VISIBLE REO lASERGUN.. .. . ..
• TAT30 AUTO TELEPHONE RECORDING DEVICE... ... . .... .•. 24.50
• GPVlo-SEE IN TOTALDARKNESS IRVI EWER
o: • lI ST1o-SNOOPERPHONEINFINITY TRANSMITIER
o • IPOl o-l NVISIBLEPAIN FIELDGENERATOR-
Z MULTI MODE . 74.5lJ
o Michigan sales (313) 979-8356.
a: • CATALOG CONTAININGDESCRIPTIONSOF ABOVEPLUS
I- HUNDREDS MORE AVAILABLE FOR $1.00 OR USE OUR
o
ill
PHONE FOR "ORDERS ONLY' 603·673·4730.
...I PLEASE INCLUDE $3.00 PH ON ALL KITSAND PRODUCTS
ill PLANSAREPOSTAGE PAID. SENDCHECK. MO. VISA. MC IN
6 US FUNDS.
(5 INFORMATION UNLIMITED
«a: P.O. BOX 716 DEPT.RE,AMHERST. NH 03031
102
FINALLY!
An interesting and worth-
CONVERTER sales and repa irs on all types SA,
J errold , Panasonic, Pioneer. RE DC OAT EL EC-
while project. This EASY·TO- iTRONICS, (718) 459-5088 .
BUILD circuit lets you use HACK ER'S Handbook, $12.95. Computer Under-
any regular TV set as a sim- gro u nd, $ 14 .. 95, se nd $ 1 p o st a g e .
DETAILED PLANS: $4.95 ple OSCILLOSCOPE. Build CABLE TRONICS, Box 30502 R, Beth esda, MD
for less than $10. NO MODI- 20814.
TV-SCOPE FICATIONS TO TV! Single or
PENN RESEARCH, dual trace. Send for FREE COMMODORE -Amiga chips-diagnostics-parts-or
Box 3543 CATALOG of other plans and low cost repair, (C64-$39.95 including parts and
Williamsport, PA 17701 kits. labor). Send for complete catalog for the lowest
price in town. VISNM C. KASARA, INC., 31 Murray
Hill Dri ve, Spring Vall ey, NY 10977 , 1-(800)
19 9 9 ELECTRONIC liquid ators , computer kits, thou -
sands of parts, chips, transistors, speakers, hard-
248-2983 (Nationwide) or (914) 356-3131.
ware, hobby kits, surplus. send $3.50 for catalog. FREE power supply, connectors ($8.95 val·
BOX 27656, Lansing, MI 48901. .ue) with Assortment #103 (February 1984
MOTORS
TWO-Way-Radio, PC computers. Uniden service. article) contains PCB, Tokocoils, tran-
General Radiotelephone licensed techni cian. Cata- sistors, lC's, diodes. $25.00. Five/S112.50.
log-RAYS, 2025 Moline. Ft. Worth , TX 76117 (817)
Assortment #104 contains all other parts.
831-7717.
ATTENTION laser holographic experimenters: $10. Shipping $2,00. JIM RHODES, INC.,
optical computer components. instru ctions. $22 .95 POBox 3421, Bristol, TN 37625.
postpaid. STELLAR TECHNOLOGIES, 4710 Uni-
versity Way N.E., # 1003, Seattle, WA 98105.
AIDS? Yes we have! Cable aids to help you. Zenith,
Jerrold , Scientific Atlan ta , Oak, Hamlins , much
more. No Michig an sales ! HOTRONICS, (313)
675·5834 .
An ENTION, are you 00 mg or surplus test equip-
ment volt meters oscilloscope . etc . J.B. ELEC-
TRONICS, 9518 W. Grand, Franklin Park, IL 60131,
(312) 451-1750.
$149°0 CABLE TV converter/descramblers-wholesale
quantity prici ng. 1-5- 10- 20: J errold 4 50
$ 179-$ 14 9 -$ 129-$ 119; To com 5504 $ 179 -
$169-$159-$149; Oak M35B $79-$69-$59-$49; Jer-
rold 400 $149-$129-$109-$104; also converters, re-
motes, and more. 90 day warranty. Visa , MIC , COD.
1 cern- 6 pm
ARIZONA VIDEO, 3661 N. Campbell. #310, Tuc-
CLOSED
SUN&MON
son, AZ 85719. (602) 323-3330.
MOTOROLA Mostar radios 1 base, 1 telephone, 2
radi os all hard ware i ncl ude d $8,5 00 va lue for
$4,000 firm (206) 754-4485.
DESCRAMBLERS! C.O.D. Quality, fast service. All
types available. (in stock ! SA8580-338's) S.E.E.D.
(800) 288-7333 or (404) 594·537 6.
RESTRIC TED technical information: Electronic
surveillance, schematics, locksmithing , covert sci- ELECTRO NIC comp onents available. Free flyer,
ences, hacking. etc. Huge selection. Free bro- SASE to SANTECH ELECTRONICS, 11 Revere
chures. MENTOR-Z, 135-53 No. Blvd., Flushing, Place, Tappan , NY 10983. (914) 359-1130, Telex:
NY 11 354. 155205423.
20 to 40% off retail computer parts! Free catalog. DESCRAMBLERS-con verters whol esale pric es
Dealers wanted . NETCOM, Box 12056-RE , Omaha, example Jerrold 400 combo remote $149.95 M35B-
NE 68152. VIS $79.95, SA-3 SB-3 $69.95 all brand s in stock,
fJI
guaranteed. SAC. (702) 647-3799.
Oak M35B combo $90.00: VSM35B $100.00: Eagle
cha nnel 3 doubl e notch filt er s $2 4 .00 : J er rold
DRZ-3DI C rebuilt combos, new case s, new re-
$ 2000 motes. $175.00; Sylvania 4040 combos , wireless
20.00 remotes, $135.00; Eagle EVPDC wireless remote Quality Microwave TV Antennas
20.00
converter, descrambler, parental, favorite channel. Multi-Channel 1.9 to 2.7 GHz. 40dB Gain
10.00 fine tune, $175.00; all prices COD delivered to you! 3O-Channel System complete $149.95
10.00 PONDEROSA, (719) 661-1659. 12-Channel Sy stem complete $104.95
6.00
4950
3950
FREE remote control converter with purchase of
SB3, N12, VN12, SA3 , etc. While quantities last.
PONDEROSA, (719) 661-1659.
, l ., . 2-Channel System comp lete $79.95
PhIllIPS-T8Ch ElectroniCS
. - -.• JlI p.D. Box 8533 • SCotbdaII, AZ 85252
LIFETIME (602) 947·7700 (S3.00 Credil allphon. ordersll
199.50 PLA STIC BAGS many sizes, types. Samples $2 list WARRANTY Mastercard . Visa. COO',
3950 LSASE. BAGMAN , E2 Box 466 , Geo rgetown, TX
6950 78627.
69.50 TUBES 59¢. Year guarantee. Free catalog. Tube
59.50 checker $8.95. CORNEL L, 4215 University, San TRS-80 color computer software! Low prices! Huge
149.50 Diego, CA 92105. selection! Free catalog. T + 0 , P.O. Box 1256. Hoi-
.199 50 land, MI 49422.
SCHEMATIC drawing progr am for IBM co mpat i-
bles. Printer output. SAS.E. for info . $25 for pro- NEW technology M VIP 3D color television tech-
gram. DJ M, 2329 So. County Divide, Pearl City, IL nology utilizing a new type micro processor video
.. 55950 61062. concept. VCR tape-opti on. Details $2 .00 . WEN-
DELL L. DANIELS, Engineering Consultant. 8450
4950 L ED lamp s. Manufacturer direct to you! Spe cify
.. 249.50 Anthony Wayne Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45216.
color, R,G,Y or mixed. T1 3/4 . Buy 200 PCs for
$19.00 postpaid. EDC, POB 4188, Burlin game, CA
.349.50 94011-4188.
... 169.50
FAIR pr ices SB-3. SX3, SA3 . TRI-B I, MLD-1200-3. PLANS AND KITS
Some Oak, any notch filters. Small dealer only. No
VOICE disguisers! FM bugs! Telephone transmit-
ters! Phone snoops! More! Catalog $1.00. XANDI
FEDERAL legal memorandum: subsc ription T.v. in-
cludes descrambler use. $16.95 $2 .00 P&H. G.H.
ELECTRONICS, Box 25647, Dept. 60C, Tempe, AZ
85282 .
PUBLICATIONS, RR1 Box 121, Hartl and , MN
BUILD this five-digit panel meter and square-wave
56042 .
MAKE/save $1000's, high technology insider se-
generator including an ohms, capacitance and fre-
quency meter. Detailed instructions $2.50. BAG -
crets, catalog $2.00 exotic parts; LEEWARE , Box NA LL ELECTRONI CS , 179 May, Fairfi eld . CT
5636, Greensboro, NC 27435. 06430.
CATALOG: Hobby/broadcasting/HAM/CB : Ca-
ble TV, transmitters, amplifiers, bugg ing devices,
computers, more! PANAX IS, Box 130-F7 Paradise,
CA 95967
VIDEO catalog, electronic kits, remote control items.
much more. Write VIDEO VIBES , 670 Cen tral Park
Ave., Yonkers, NY 10704. (914) 476·4 864,
STRANGE stuff. Complete items, plans, kits. Laser
eavesdropp ing, hidd en we apo ns, bugging and
countermeasure sources, adult toys. Informational
photo package $3.00 refundab le. DIRIJO CORPO -
RATION, Box 212-R, Lowell, NC 28098. Information
(704) 868-3408.
PROJECTION TV ...Conve rt your TV to project 7
foot picture. Results comparable to $2,500 proj-
ectors..tota l cost less than $30.00. Plans and 8" lens
$24 .9 5.. .lll us trated information f ree ... MAC-
ROCOMA-EK, Washington Crossing, PA 18977 .
Creditcard orders 24hrs (215) 736-3979 .

RCA 36 CHANNEL CONVE RTER (Ch . 3 output only) 29.00 18.00

PANASON IC WIRELESS CONVERTER (our best buy ) 88.00 69.00
400 OR 450 CONVERTER (manu al fin e tun e) 88.00 69.00
' JERROLD 400 COMBO 169.00 119.00
JERRO LD 400 HAND REMOTE CO NTROL 29.00 18.00
' J ERROLD 450 CO MBO 199.00 139.00
'JERROLD 450 HAND REMOTE CO NTROL 29.00 18.00
JERROL D SB-A OD- ON 89.00 58.00
'JERR OLD SB-A OO-O N WITH TRIM ODE 99.00 70.00
'M-35 B COMB O UNIT (Ch . 3 output only) 99.00 70.00
DETECT ION-surveillance, debugging, kits. Latest ' M-35 B COMBO UN IT WITH VARISYNC 109.00 75.00
high-tech. Catalog $2.00. DETEC TION SYSTEMS, ' MIN ICOOE (N-12) 89.00 58.00
2515 E. Thom as, Suite 16-864, Phoenix, AZ 85016. 'M INIC ODE (N-12) WITH VARISYNC 99.00 62.00
KITS·parts· plans. We have hard to find parts! Vari- 'M INICO DE VARISYNC WITH A UT O ON-OFF 145.00 105.00
able tuning capacitors, tuning coils, cr y stal head- ECON OCOOE (mi nic ode sub stitute) 69.00 42.00
phones, ger ma nium d io des, sh ortwave, crystal, ECON OCODE WIT H VARISYNC 79.00 46.00
CB radio kits (no soldering ). Very inexpens ive. Send ' MLD-12QO-3 (Ch. 3 ou tput) 99.00 58.00
large SAS E for catalog. YEAR LY COMMUN ICA- 'M LD-12oo-2 (Ch. 2 output) 99.00 58.00
TIONS, 12922 Harbor # 800, Garden Grove, CA 'ZENITH SSAVI CA BLE READ Y 175.00 125.00
92640 . INT ERFERENC E FILTERS (Ch. 3 o nly) 24.00 14.00
SCRAMBLING news. Current series " SSAVI· ' EAGLE PD-3 DESCR AMBLER (Ch . 3 output only ) 119.00 65.00
SAVVY" Is most detailed ever produced. Recent 'SC IENTIFIC ATLANTA ADO-O N REPLACEMENT DESCRAMBLER 119.00 75.00
turn-ens include zenith ST-1622, ST-4010, Oak ·CAL L FOR AVAILA BILITY
TC-35B and Hamlin CRX.5000, etc. S24.95/yr.
May backdate to October. 1327R Niagara,
Niagara, NY 14303-1732, COD's (716) 284-2163. Outpu t Price TOTAL
Quantity Item
Sample $3, Channel Each PRICE
DESCRAMB Ll NG, new secret manual. Build your
own descrambler s for cable and SUbscri pt io n TV .
Instructions, schematics for SSAV I, gated sync,
sinewave. (HBO, Cinema x, Showtime, etc). $8.95,
$1 postag e. CAB LET RONICS , Box 30502R, Beth-
esda, MD 20814.
California Penal Code #593- D for bids us SUBTOTAL
from shippi ng any cabl e desc ram bling unit Shipping Add
$3.00 per unit
to anyo ne residin g in the state of California.
COD & Credit
Prices subjec t to cha nge w itho ut noti ce. Cards - Add 5%
You nt n build an educational kit Ihat ""orb on
TOTAL
~
J trrold (nol Tri·m Ootk), S)h ln ia.namlin &. F..ax1e.
N~s no rerereece or pilot. Coib inducth f ly pick
PLEASE PRINT
up dcRKti on )o ke $Cannine cumnu.. In~I .ll alion
is saft and simple. Uni1 connects bt l"' totn do" n-
converter a nd TI'. Vel')' sllb lt . d n r picture.
Tlwor,- and plans book $15.00. Edua lionlil idl &.
boo k SSO.OO. Allo....4 10 6 weeks for cklhft). 8
.
_ _ _ _ _ _ Zip _ ...
o Mone y Order o Visa o Mastercard
•
3
CRYSTAL radi o sets, plans , parts , kits, catalog
$1.00. MIDCO, 66 0 North Di xie Highway, Hol- ~
lywood, FL 33020 . u
SPECIALTY circuits/computer programs designed
I
t-
for your projects send $2.50 for details to DESIGN
SPECIALTIES, RD # 1, Box 117-A, Weirton , WV
26062.
DECLARATION OF AUTHORIZE D USE -
FOR OUR RECORDS: Il
I, the undersigned, do hereby declare under pena lty of perjury ell
that a ll prod ucts purchased. now and in the fut ure , will only be used on cable TV systems w ith proper 2:
authorization from local oIfi cials or cable company officials in accordance with all applicable federal and
..
ell
CENTRONICS interface for C128/C64. Plugs into
user port. Schematic and details $6.00. ACE, Box
273 Richmond , Ontari o KOA 2Z0
slate laws. FEDERAL AND VARIOUS STATE LAWS PROVIDE FOR SUBSTANTIA L CRIMINAL AND CML
PENALTIES FOR UNAUTHORIZED USE, !
'C

BUILD your own printer buffer. Send SASE for infor-

matio n or $12.00 for the compl ete set of plan s.
HARLEEN FRANCISCO, 8332 Peggy St., Tampa,
FL 33615.

SATELLITE TV c...
c
DISHES syste ms upgrades, Chaparral, Drake, !:<
Houston, etc. SAVE $$$$$ Toll free , 800/334-6455 ~

CD
SKYVISION, 2066 R Collegeway, Fergus Falls, MN co
56537 co

103
 I ' ..
1.9-2.7 GHz Parabolic Dish 40+ dBGain
LIFETIME WARRANTY
CABLE T.V. M EC HANICALLY inclin ed ind ividua ls desiring
owne rship of sma ll electronics manufacturing busi-
ness- with out investme nt. Write : BUSINE SSES,
CompleteSystem 899.95 (Shipping Incl.)
Replacement Components
& Expert Repairs Available
"BOXES" 92-R, Bright on 11th, Brooklyn, NY 11235.
PROJECTION TV...Make $$$ 's asse mbli ng proj-
K & S ELECTRON ICS Call now for sl m~ Converters-Descramblers ecto rs easy...results co mparable to $2 ,500 proj-
P.O. BOX 34522 day shlppmgl ecto rs Total cost less than $30 .00 . Plans, 8" lens
PHOENIX, AZ B5067 (602) 230.(J640 Remote Controls-Accessories and dea lers informat ion $20 .50 ... Illustrated infor-
S2 CREOIT ON PHONEOROERS
* Guaranteed Best Prices * m ati on free . MACROCOMA GKX, Was hi ngton
* 1 Year Warranty-e.O.O.'s * Crossi ng, PA 18977 . Credi tcard orders 24 hrs (215)

CABLE TV Sec rets- the out law publication the ca- * Immediate Shipping * 736-2880 .

ble compa nies tried to ban. HBO, Movie Cha nnel, * FREE CATALOG * YOUR own rad io st ation ! AM , FM, TV, cable. Li-
censed/unlice nsed . BROADCASTING , Box 130 -
Showtime, descram bl ers , co nve rte rs, etc . Sup- Call or Write
plier 's list include d $8 .95. CABLE FACTS , Box 711- F7 , Paradise, CA 95967 .
R, Pataskala, O H 43062.
TRANS·WORLD CABLE CO.
12062 Southwest 117th Court. Suite 126 CRT eq uipme nt rebuilds So ny/co lo r tubes/ot he r
Miami, Flo rida 33186 CRT sys tems, 633 Nort h Semora n, Orlando , FL
SATELLITE T V receive r kits ! Instruction manu al, 800-442-9333 328 07 . Ca ll (407) 275-95 43.
boards, semico nductor part s ! 59 0 LNA's! LN B's ! Ku-
Ba nd LNB 's! Cata log $1.0 0 (refundable) : XA NDI P.C. board /c ircuit des ign, prototypin g, and manufac-
ELECTRONICS , Box 2564 7, Dept. 21GG, Tem pe,

...
ture, o rcad l fut ure netlsche ma nelli st s ro ute d .
AZ 85282 . PLOTTING services ; sc hema , hiwire, smartwo rk,
DESCRAMBLERS for mov ies, networ ks, $149. up.
ElECTRONIC EE DESIGNER suppo rted call (609) 586 -4469 .
Visa, MC accep ted. Cata log $4 SKYWATCH, 238 ASSEMBLY BUSINESS HIGH return hom e operated bus iness you can start
Davenport Ro a d , To ro nt o , O nta rio, Canada , Start home. spare time. Investment knowledge or for $50 .00 . For information send $7 .50 to P. O. SON,
M5 R-1J6. experience unnecess ary. BIG DEMAND assem- 35080 George Sm ith Roa d, Squ aw Va lley, CA
bling electronic devices. Sales handled by profes- 93675.
sionals. Unusual business opportunity.
FREE: Comp lete illustrated lit erature , Bi~ Profits! _
w~~~:~re~t-'b~~;~924~897----- 1 - I.EARN VCR CLEANING -REPAIR. Prior Expe rien ce
UN:-.1 ECESSARY. Ne ed on ly sm all hand too ls & average
mechani ca l abil it ies . BIG DEMAND performing VCR
cleanin g an d repairs. REAL EXAMPLES o fV eR mal-
fun ct ion s a nd th eir so lut io ns. Photos and illu st rat ion s.
ALSO : In fo rmatio n on sta rting you r own b usiness.
BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES Free in fo rm atio n ; Write :
Viejo VCR Repa ir
EARN thousand s wit h your own part tim e e lec- 230 10 Lake For est Dr. # 1S5
tron ic s busin ess . I do . Free proof, inf ormation .
Lag un a Hill s, CA 92 65 3
INDUSTRY, Box 531, Bronx, NY 10461.
(7 14)7 68-1 925
EASY, luc rat ive. One man CRT rebuilding machin -
VIDEOCYPHER II descrambling manual, sc he-
ery. Free info : (815) 459 -0666 CRT, 1909 Loui se,
matics, both video and audio enco ding , DE S, clon-
ing, mu skateering , EPRO M codes. (HBO , Cine max ,
Crys talake , IL 60014. EDUCATION & INSTRUCTION
a d u l t c ha n ne ls .) $ 13 .95 , $ 1 post a g e . EARN big bucks---<les ign transform ers. Design tips F.C.C. Comme rcial General Rad iote lep hone
CABLETRON ICS , Box 30502 R, Beth esd a , M D and proce dures $10. V.P.B. TECHNOLOGIES, Box license. Electronics hom e study. Fast , inexpensive !
208 14. 1770, Temp le City, CA 91780 . "Free " det ails. COMMAND, 0 -176, Box 2223, San
Francisco , CA 94126.
ENGINEER ING software for IB M- PC . Co m -
pD e s .. .circ uit desi g n . Co m p Ma t h ... m ath tutor.
JUST SIMPLY PUT .. . . Co mpView...digit al signal analysis. $49 each . (614)
"Wh en you're lookin g for a comp any that pro vides service and 491-0832. BSOFT SOFTWARE, 444 Co lton Road ,
up-to-date technic al advance s, call us. That's what we're here for." Co lumbus, O H 43207.
800 -85 -AMCOM
100 FCC actual sam ple test questions. $10 and
SAS E. PEl, Box 12056-R E, Oma ha, NE 68152.
MICROPROFESSO R 8 bit train er, Z-80 C. P.U., 158-
},...v,i
-t-{,.~,
~~\- z-TAC A DD-ON
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AUTOMATICALl.Y HANDLES NORMAL & S&H . ETRONIX, 5326-9th Ave. N.E., Seatt le, WA
INVERTED VIDEO. NO SWITCHES. 98105 1-(800) 426 -1044 .
$ 219.00 MICRO PROFESSOR 16 bit trainer, 8088 C.P.U., 8
Assembled andtested $ 15 0.00 bit data bus, 4.77M Hz, 59-key, full -size keyboa rd,
Standard SSAVI ADD-ON Kit includes all parts 89 . 0 0 Ce ntro nics pa rallel interface. Design, write, debug ,
CH'3 IN CH .3 OUT
" BLAST ER" $25.00 a nd exec ute assemb ly lan gu ag e pr og r am s.
TEN·TEC DW-12 $349 .95 + $7 .50 S& H. ETRONIX, 5326-9th Ave.,
VHF TUNER $ 1 49 .00 Metal Enclosure UHF PREA,MP KIT
I'KJ BLOCK caWERTER
w _ 1 0' N.E ., Seatt le, WA 98105. 1-(800) 426-1044.
S UNITS $ 13 0.0 0 10 UNITS $ 11 0. 00 L - 10 .2 S· $ 2 2 25 db , ain with only .5 Nf
ROBOTICS Interests Newsletter $36 .00 for 12 is-
50 UNITS $100 .00 100 UNITS $ CALL H _ 4.50' Ion when mus mOllnted .
WITH HARD'NARE USCS PH»lT OO POWER O ne tree can make sues . Sa tis fac t io n g ua ra ntee d . Sa mp le $ 5 .00 .
STRIPLINE CIRCUITRY
3,000,000 m atches. Chec k payab le to N.R. PUBLICATIONS , Dept. RE1,
INTERFERENCE FILTERS $ 1 5 . 0 0
CHANNEL #2 , 3, 8, 9, 17 ONLY WALL PWR SUPPLIES PO. Box 416, Webster, MA 01570-0416.
UHF SSA VI UNIT
ADVANCED TRIMODE AOD-ON SPANISH custom made translations. Write it in En-
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12 VAC 265 MA W/C 1.7 5 easy learning. $9. 95/500 wor ds for writte n transla-
ORIGINAL I-T AC
TV TUNER V AR ACTORS ANO
tion . Add $8.95/500 wor ds audio translation on cas-
CALL US!!! sette tape. TRADUCCIONES, Valle Verde 5, 0 -2,
VHF/MID/UHF MITSUMI $25 . 00 SSAV I POWER SUPPLY
WE BUY EXCESS
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Ponce, Puert o Rico 00731.

L I N E AR CMOS OTHER RARE IC CHIP

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oa: UPS DAILY
f- AMCOM
ouu P. O. Box 683 91 COD ACCEPTED INVENTORS
-l Virgin ia Beach , V A 23455 MINIMUM ORDER $15.00
uu CALL ANYDAY BIR)RE 3 PM
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oo 8 04 -456 - 55 0 5 (TECHNICAL)
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1-(800) 338 -5656. In Massachusetts or Ca nada call
<C (413) 568-3753.
a:
104
 WANTED Cable TV Converters
Why Pay A High Monthly Fee?
INVENTORS! AIM wants- ideas, inventions, new
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MIDWEST ELECTRONICS, INC., 51 43-R
WANTED older Atlos SSB transceiver model 210X W. Diversey, Chicago, IL60639. MCNisa
or 215X in work in g orde r reason abl e (707)
445-2525. orders accepted . No Illinois orders ac-
cepted. Mon .-Fri. 8 A.M .-5 P.M. CST
TUBES · 2000 TYPES
DISCOUNT PRICES!
Early,hard-to-find, and moderntubes.
Also transformers, capacitors and CAB LE·TV AT IT'S BEST
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ANTIQUE ELECTRONIC SUPPLY 8 1'$...$95.00. SA-3's...$99.oo_Zenith (t-Tac) de-
688 W. First St..Tempe, AZ 8528 1 · 602/894-9503 scramblers...$169.00. N-12 (Varl-sync).. .$S9.00.
M ·35 8 (Va r l-s ync ) . .. $99 . 00 . Hamlin
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CABLE TV CONVERTERS
LATEST technology alternative to Jerrold SB-3 or
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PHONE TODAY for 3 minutes of
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RECEPTOR TECHNOLOGY INC., 2 Kenwood complete the form on the first pape .ot the
Street, Somerville, MA 02144. Market Center and we will bill.

MARK V ELECTRONICS INC., 1-800-423·3483

801 9 , E. SLAUSON AVE. TOLL FREE
MONTEBELLO CA90640 On ly f or or de r s paid by M ast er or Vis ac ar d
TELEX: 371 691 4 MARK 5 IN CAL. : 1-800-521-MARK
INFORMATION:(213) 888-8988

300W HQ HI·FI POWE R

AMP L I F I ER (M O NO )
T A -3600 6l:J::,

Ef&
QUAS I CO MP l ( M EN T AR Y SYM M E.TR Y WI T H
PARALLE L H I G H OU T PU T TR AN SI ST OR S' ELE CTRO NIC ECH 9 A N D i:f.
SPEC IF IC AT IO NS
· P OW E R O UT PU T J OOW IR MS) I NTO 8 O H MS .. "" ':::: - REVERBERATION ,,_~AQQ'
745Q\...... CP M P O I I f\lT O 8 OH MS · 0-49 D IG ITS D ISPLA Y, SU ITA BL E FOR LOTTE R Y GA ME.
5 40 W IMUS IC PO WEHI INTO 8 O HMS
• A UTO -SHU T OF F POWER, SO POWER CONSUMPTI ON IS V ERY LOW. AMPLIFI ER
· 0.5" GREEN L EO D ISPL AY WITH FA NCY PL AST IC PA NEL.
' lO A D IMPEOA NCE 4 () HM S O H B Q H M S
• ~ ~H.aUE NCY RE SPO N St ; 10HI 10 0. 0 00 Hl
;J •
• OPERA TION VOLT AG E: 9V DC (B ATT ERY NOT INCLUDED )

Nf
• D IM ENSIONS : 3.1"" 2" x 0 .5"
• TOT AL HAHMO N I C D I ST Of-H I ON lESS T HA N 005' KIT
' IN PU T SE.. NS I TIVITY /'d lj D IMPEOAN C E AT l K HI
1V ·, 4 V 4 7 K O H M S
' SU PP L Y V O LT A GE [) C: ~ } <;' VO H AC <;' 3 V ,, 1 B A .
K I H A SSM W I TH TESHLJ $80 / 110
Ass w,th te sted $ 99 8 5
X ' FOHMEH $38 .00
120W VERSATILE ST EREO '
8 Digit 1G Hz POWER BOOSTE R M lp.. _30'2
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Counter )}
FC --1000 A . •. :.. -~~~~'~';
~ - ~ ~'?~ ~"" ~
- ~
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A .& '.u ' ,. ', bOf" O'Y b.. ",, 1> a ,!·tal <0""'.' .. . ,1> f ''' ( , ...... C T' O .. I>.. d o " .. , nca
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OT L full tr.nlisto rize end low dinon ion of SEPP circuit design, hilJh output
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reco rde r deck to 101M. It cln boost 'w l lkm l n' tYpe of rad io an d t ape p l.y ....,
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l-Io '''' 'un<l·on HO'<l I"" " " '''''''' ' '; ''' ' ' ''' '' 8 " 'g " " TA -302 is • versatile Implif ief fo r both vi su. l and li sten ing enjoym ent .
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ASS'" ....,1HT(S TfO &CAl
K IT/ASSM WI T H T ESTE O $5 0/70

Y uu (' .. II u ...lI .. , It· ,. ,u TV h o m 1 0 tJ~'I"

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, b' . mo "Oi" O ' ~ lSI ,I p fodu ctd" sul>"''' O' "" " '09
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t o •• """' " ' 0 Af<lAlO G STEREO Un OOub l l:'d lv .1 'S ,,, .. SPECI FICA TIONS
... OS. J,d .. . nnd ~ ...,pm t n , '0< ....... fV ..... ,1. . . .." jt "
16 SEC. RECO RD TI M E L ED FUN CT ION IN D IC A TOR
' '' OU'O Con tl , b...l t 10 VOUf 10\1' '''' " ') p"",,, ' 1"
Ass '''' I n tt s tt'd AU TO RE CORD CI RCU I T ' INT ERNA L 2S6 K DRAM M EMOR Y
I [JU.l ~ S lD m ,n ,,,<1... . S'D ,"",n d '.. , ~ .. c. ,,j 0'0 '" _ Ct...... . IT"oO " H ""0'"
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TWO R ECORD FUNC T ION TA LK -BA CK MOOE 8< M ESSA GE co
USA ,}n' ~ ' • CA ' o-:.,:..·nts .td d ", lei la_ .. 0\11... t ' C" ' .-.u,w ... u, K' To (" .., ' ....... . f",·C. '
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9V 10 MA D. C .
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105
CIRCLE 93 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
 MICROPROCESSOR COMPONENTS
Replac e the 803 6 or 8088 in Your IBM·PC and
Part No. Increa se Its Speed by up to 40 %! Price
MISCELLANEOUS CHIPS
Part No. Pric e
6500 /6800/68000 ConI.
Part No. Pric e
8000 SERIESConI.
Part No. Price
SPECIALS!
UPD70108-5 (5MHz) V20 Chip• • • •• $ 7.49 D7 6 5AC -+.95 3 .95 6845 &95 2.9 5 82 28 2.95 SMP81FY Prec. Sample & H old Amp.
UPD70108-8 (8MHz) V20 Chip.. .. . $ 8.95 ;fs~~'6 .: . :~. ~~~ ~~ : : : : : : :: ~~~ ~~~5 : ~ i:i~ MAX232CPE Du a l RS 23 2 Hec.Zfran s ..
UPD70108-10 (10MHz) V20 Chip• • • • $21 .95 Z80 Z80A l808 SERIES MC68000L8 11.9 5 8250A 6.49 LM306P Dual Comp arator . .
UPD70116-8 (8MHz) V30 Chip $11.95 zoo' • +.£5 99 MC68000L10 13.95 82508 (Fo r 18M) 6.95 6116P-1 1 6K CMOS S RA M (1 OOn s) .
UPD70116-10 (10MHz) V30 Chip $24 .95 ~:gr~~ : : :+.T9 4:~ ~g:g~g~boi2Biri~~; g~~~ . . . . . ~ :~~ 27128-45 12 8 K EPROM (4 5 0 ns) 21V .

~APlO '-89 1:~~ MC~~;i~:I~S'4995 ~;~A~5" : :: : : i~~

74LS612 Memory Mapp er, Tri-State .
7 400
Part No .
7400. .
7402. .
1-9
.29
.2 9
10 +
.19
.19
Part No.
7485. .
7486. .
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.55
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8279-5
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2.95
74HC HI SPEED CMOS
Part No.
-
Price Part No. Price
74HCO O. . .. . . . ~ .19 74 HC 175. . . ... . ,eg .49
7404.. .29 .19 7 489. .. 2.05 1.9 5 ZOOS 3 '49 808OA 2:95 2.49 8741 9.95 74 HC02. . .. . . .. ~ .19 74 HC221. . .. .. +.t'il .89
7405. . .35 .25 7490. . .49 .39 zao B~CTC . . 3'95 B085A 2.49 8742 ~ 22.95 74 HC04. . . .. . . . . £9 .19 74 HC240. . .. .. . . ,gg .69
~:~: : :~~ :;~ ;:~1 : ::; :g; zaoB- PI0 r: ·.m · 3:9 5 =~2 ·.·.·. ::: : ~ : :~~~ ~j:~~4~;f6si i2·1V1 .: ~:~~ 74H C0 8 .. £9 .19 74 HC244. .... .. . ,gg .69
7408 . .35 .2 5 74123. . .55 1~ ~~gg/6800 /68000.~E:5 gg~;:~~~~H,:)i~~~~ ~m · .. :: 3§§~ 74HC 10. . . ...... £9 .19 74 HC245. . . . . . . . ,gg .79
74HC14. .... .... ,og .29 74 HC253 •. . ... . 059 .49
;: ~~:: :~~ :~~ ~:~ ;~: : :~ .59 65C02(CMOS) 8:957.75 8087 -2 (8MHz) 159.95 8755 14.95 74HC30. . %9 .19 74 HC259 ...... . ,eg .49

.. im~2 : : = m ~ggg~~~~l~~
74H C3 2. . . . .. .. . £9 .25 74 HC273 . . . .... ,gg .69

H~~i~i ;m~ : : :: m H~ ~~t: :.~H~ 74 HC74. . ..... . . ,gg .29 74 HC3 73 ... .... ,gg .65
74 HC75. . . .. . . . ,gg .35 74 HC3 74 . . . . . . . ,gg .65
. .. .. ~ .35 74 HC 595
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74 HC125 .. . . . . . ,og .39 74HC 404 fl .. ... . 059 .49
74 HC 132 . . . .. . ,eg .39 74 HC4050. . .. .. . ~ .49
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7 447. . .8 9 .79 74 18 9 1.95 1.85 '
7448 2.05 1.9 5 7 41 9 3. .79 .69
74 HC 139 ..... . . ,og .39 74H C45" .. . . H'91 .09
7472. .89 .79 74 19 8. 1.85 1.7 5
74 HC 154 +:0491.19 74 HC4514 . . : 89 1.09
747 3 . . . .39 .2 9 7 4 221 . . .99 .89
74H C1 63 .. .. . . . ,as .39 74 HC4538. .89
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74LS 74HCT02. . T9 .17 74HCT157. . . . ,65 .35
74LSOO.. .29 .19 74LS1 65 . . .75 .65 74HCT04. ... . .. .. T9 .17 74HCT174. .. : .: .. ,65 .35
74 L$02. . .29
74HCT08. . . . .. T9 .17 74HCT175. . . .. ,65 .39
.19 74LSl 66 .. .99 .89
74L$04.. .35
74HCT10. . . . . T9 .17 74HCT240. . . . ,99 .89
.2 5 7 4LS 173 .. . .59 .49
74LS05. .35
74HCT32. .. .. . . . . T9 .21 74HCT244. . .. ,99 .59
.25 74 LS 17 4. . .49 .39
74 LS06. . 1.09
74HCT74. . .... . . . ,;g .25 74HCT245. .... . . +¥.l .79
.99 74 LS 175 ... .49 .39
74HCT86. . . ,;g
74L$07 1.09 .99 74 LS 189. .... 4.59 4.49 .29 74HCT373. . . . . . . +¥.l .55
74 LS08. . .29 .19 74LS1 91 . . .59 .49
74HCT138. . . .. ... 059 .35 74HCT374. ... . . . +¥.l .49
74LS10. . . .29 .69
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74LS1 4. . .49 .39 7 4 L$22 1. .. .69 .59 74C-CMOS I
74 LS2 7. . .35 .25 74 LS2 40. . .69 .59 74COO.. .29 74C 174. .79
74LS30.. .29 .19 7 4 LS243. . . .69 .5 9 74C02.. .... . . . .. .29 74C 17 5 .. ... . ... . . .79
74 LS32. . . .35 .25 74 LS244. . .69 .59 74 C0 4. .29 74C22 1. . . . . . .. .. .. 1.79
74LS4 2.. .49 .39 74 LS 2 45 . . .89 .7 9 74C08. .. . . .35 74C240.. .. . 1.79
74 LS 47 . . . .99 .8 9 74 L$259. . .9 9 .89 74C 10 . . . .35 74C244 . . . .. . . .. .. 1.79
74 LS73. . .3 9 .29 74 LS273.... .89 .79 Part No• Pric e Part No. Price 74C 14. . .59 74C373 .. 1.9 5
74 LS74... .35 .25 74 LS 27 9. . . .49 .3 9 74C3 2.. .35 74C3 74. .. . . . . .... 1.95
74 LS75. . .39 .29 74 LS322. . . . . 4.05 3.95 ·41 16-15 16,384 x 1 (15Ons) . . . ... . . .. ... . 1.09 74 C7 4. .59 74C9 12.. .. .. .. .. . . 8.95
LAG570 . . . 4GS5 9.95
74LS76.. . .5 5 .4 5 74 L$ 3 6 5. . .49 .39 4 128-20 131 ,07 2 x 1 (200ns) (P1g gyback) S:25 2.75 74C85. .. ... 1.49 74C 9 15. . .... . . 1.39
74 LS 8 5. . .5 9 .49 7 4LS3 6 6. . . .49 .3 9 · 41 64-1 00 6 5,536 x 1 (lOOns) . . . . . .' 3 .49 WD1770. . . . ... 11.95 74C86. .35 74C920 . . . . . .. . 6.95
74 LS86. . . . .35 .25 74 LS367.. .49 .39 ·4 164 - 120 6 5,536 x 1 (120ns).. .. . .. .. . . .. 2.75 74C89. . . . .. ...... . 5.49 74C92 1. . . . . . 6.95
·4164-150 SI3052P . . . 2 .4 9
74 LS90. . .49 .39 74LS368.. .49 .39 65,536 x 1 (l50ns) .. . .. . . . . 2 .49 74COO.. .99 74C922 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 5
74LS93. . . .49 .39 74 LS3 73.. .7 9 .69 ·4 164-200 65,536 x 1 (2oons) . .. . .. .... .. . . 1.95 6502 . 2.6 5 74 C1 54.. . ..... .. . . 2.95 74C923... .. .. . .. .. 3.95
74LS 123. . . .59 .49 7 4LS 37 4. . .79 .69 ·TM S441 6 -1 2 16,3 84 x 4 (12Ons) .. .. . . . . . 7.49 6 5 0 4 A. . 74C173. . . .. . 1.05 74C925 . . . . . 5.9 5
·412 56 - 80 262, 144 x 1 (BOns).. 1.9 5
74LS1 2 5. . .49 .39 74 LS393. . .89 .79 . . . . . . 11 .9 5
74 LS 13a .
74 LS139.
.49
.49
.3 9
.39
74 LS590.. . 6.0 5
74 LS624. .. . . 2.05
5.9 5
1.9 5
· 41 2 56-1 00
· 41 2 56 -1 20
2 6 2,144 x t
262, 144 x 1
(100ns).. . ..... . 11.4 9
(12 0 n s).. ... . . . . . . . . . 9 .95
65 0 7 .
65 1 0 . .
4.3 9
9 .95
I LINEAR 1
74 LS 15 4 . .. . 1.09 .99 74 LS629. . . . 2.95 2.85 ·41256-150 262, 144 x t (15Ons).... .. . . . . . . . . 9 .49 DS(X)26CN . . . 1.95 LM1458 N. .. .39
74LS 157.. . .45 .35 74 L$640 1.09 .99 · 50454 - 15 65 ,536 x 4 (15Ons) (4464) . . .. 9.95 6520.. 1.95 TL 0 7 4C N . . . . . . . . .. 1.19 LM1 488 N . . . . . . . . . . .49
74LSl 58 . . .45 ·5 1 1000P- l0 1,04 8 ,5 7 6 x 1 (lOOns) 1 M eg.. 49 .95
TL 084C N. . .. .. .99 DS1 4C88 N (CMOS) 1.19
.35 74LS645 1.09 .99 6 52 2. 3.95 AF l 00 - 1CN. .
74 LS l63.. .5 9 · 51 4 2 5 6P - 10 26 2,144 x 4 (lOOns) 1 Meg ... . . . 89 .95 ... . 8.95 LM1 489 N.. . . . . . . . . .49
.49 74 LS670 1.09 .99 LM 3 0 7N. .45 DS1 4C89N (CMOS) 1.19
74 LSl64. . .59 .49 74LS688 2.39 2.29
STATICRAMS
6525 . 4095 3.49 LM309K. . . . . . . . 1.2 5 LM1 496 N... . . . . .. . .89
·2 0 16-12 2048 x 8 (120ns). . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . 3.95 65 2 6 . ~ 1 2 . 95 LM311 N.. .45 MCl648P.. . . .. . . .. 3.49
74S/PROMS· 20 18-45 2048 x 8 (45ns). .. . .. . .. . . . &95 5.49 65 2 9 . 2. 95
LM317T .. .79 LM1 8 71 N . . . ... ... 1.95
74500. . .2 9 74S188 ". . . 1.49 2 102 1024 x 1 (350ns). . .89 LM 3 18 N.. . . .. .99 LM 1872N. . . . . . . . . 1.95
74504. .. .29 745 189. . 1.69 2 1 14 N 102 4 x 4 (450ns).. .99 6532 . 6,49 5 .4 9 L M 3 19N. . . 1.29 LM1 8 96 N - l . . . +.049 .79
74 S0 8. .. .3 5 745 196 2.49 21 14 N-2L 10 2 4 x 4 (200ns) Low R) wer. . . . . . 1.49 LM 323K . . ..... 3.9 5 ULN 200 3A. . .7 9
6545-1 .... 4095 3.25 LM 324N . . .... .. .. .39 XR2206... ... . . . . . . 3.95
7 45 10. .. .29 7 4S2 4 0. . 1.49 2 1C14 1024 x 4 (200 ns) (CMOS). .49
5 10 1 6 5 5 1. 4049 2 .95 LM 3 3 8 K. . . 4.95 XR22 11.. .2.95
74532. . .35 745244 1.49 256x 4 (450ns) CMOS ..... . .. . 1.9 5
·61 16P-3
LM 33 9N . . .39 XR2243.... . . . . . . . . 1.95
74574. . .45 745253. . .79 2048 x 8 (l 50 ns ) CMOS. . . . . . . . . . 3 .95 6 5 6 0 . . .. .. . . .. 10 .9 5 LF3 47N . .. . . ...... 1.79
745 8 5 1.79 ·61 16 LP-3 2048 x 8 (l50ns) LP CMOS. .. . . . . 4 .49
26 LS29 .... . . . . . .. . 3.95
74S287·. . .. 1.49 LM348N . . .... . .. .. .69 26LS3 1...... . ... . . 1.19
74586. . . . .. .49 7 4S288·. . 1.49 *6264LP- 12 8192 x 8 (120ns) LP CMOS .... . . 6.89 6 56 7 . . . .. ... . . 14 .9 5 LM 350T. . 2.95 26 LS32 . .. ... .. . . . . 1.19
74S 124.. . 2.75 745373 1.49 *6264P- 15 8 192 x 8 (150ns) 0v1 0 S.. .. . . . ... 5.89 6569 . .... .. . .. 2 4.95 LF3 51 N. .39 26 LS33 ... 1.49
745 174. . .7 9 7 4S374 1.49 *6264LP-15 8 192 x 8 (150ns) LP CMOS ..... . 6.39 LF353N .. . . . .49 LM29 01N. . . . . . . ':99 .25
745175. . .7 9 74S472· 2.95 65 14 1024 x 4 (35Ons) CMOS. .. . . . . .. . 3.49 6572. 8. 9 5 LF355N . . .. .79 LM 2907 N. . .... . . . . 1.29
*43 2 56-1 5L 32,768 x 8 (15Ons) Lo w Pow e r. . . 12 .95 65 8 1 (12V). . .. . 14 .9 5 LF356N . . .89 LM 29 17N (8 p in ).... 1.95
74F EPROMS 6 582 (9V ) . ~ 9.95
LF357N .. . ....... 1.09 MC3419CL . .. . . . . . 6.95
.29 74 F139. TM S 251 6 2048 x 8 (450ns) 25V. . .. . . . . . . . . 6.95 LM 3 58N .. .49 MC3446N . ..... .. . . 1.6 9
TM S2 53 2 4096 x 8 (4 50 n s) 25V. ....... . . . . 6.95 8360 . ..... ... . 14 .9 5 LM360N. . . ... 2.19 M C3 4 50P . 1.95
.29 7 4 F1 57 . LM 3 61 N .. .. . 1.79 MC3470P. . . ... .... 1.9 5
.2 9 7 4 F l93. TM S253 2A 4096 x 8 (4 50 ns) 21V. ..... . . . . .. 5.95 8 50 1.
TM S 2 564 . 1 0 .9 5 LM 380N-8... .99 MC347 1P.... .. .. . . 1.9 5
.29 74 F240.. 8192 x 8 (4 50 n s) 25V.. .. . . . .. 9 .95 LM386N-3. .
TM S 271 6 8 5 02 . . .89 MC3479P... . . . . . .. 4.79
.29 74 F244 . 2048 x 8 (450ns) 3 \bltage . .9:95 6.95 7 .9 5 LM387N. .99 M C348 6P..
170 2A 256x8 (l/1s)..
. 1.69
.39 7 4 F253 . . . . . . . &95 4.95 8 563. . . 1 5 .9 5 LM 393N . ..... . .39 MC3487P. . . .... .. . 1.69
.3 9 74 F373. . 2708 10 2 4 x 8 (450ns). . 4.9 5 LM 399H .. ... .. . . . . 2.95 LM39OON .. . . . . .49
.6 9 74F374. 27 16 2048 x 8 (450ns) 25V. . .. 3.75 8564 . . 9.95 LF4 11C N. . . . . . .. . .79 LM 3 90 5N ... . . . . . .. 1.19
27 16 - 1 2048 x 8 (350ns) 25V. . . ... .. .. . 4.25 LM 3909N . . .... .. . . .99
8566 . . . . ..... . 2 4 .95 TL497ACN. . . . . . .. 1.49
CD-CMOS 27C 16
2732
2048 x 8 (450ns) 25V (C MOS) . .. 5.49
4096 x 8 (450ns) 25V... . . . . . . .. . 3 .95 87 01. 9.95
N E540 H (C540H) ... 2.29 LM3914N . . . . ..... . 1.9 5
CD4oo1 . . .19 CD4076.. .5 9 N E555V. ... .29 LM3 91 6N....... ... 1.9 5
2732A-20 4096 x 8 (2oons) 2 1V .. .. . . . .... 4.25
8721 . ... . . . .. . 14 .9 5 XRL555. . . .. .. . .59 NE5532.. .. .. .. .69
CD4008. . . .6 9 C D 408 1 .25 2732A-25 409 6 x 8 (250ns) 2 1V ... .. . ... . . . 3.95 LM556N . . N E5534.... ... . . . . .69
CD401 1.. .19 CD 4082 .25 27C32 8722.. 9 .9 5 .49
4096 x 8 (4 5Ons) 25V (CMOS) . .. 5.95 NE 5 58N. . . 7805K (LM34OK-5) . . 1.29
CD4013. . .29 CD4093. . . .3 5 2764-20
.89 781 2K (LM 34OK-12) . 1.29
8 192 x 8 rzoonsi 2 1V . . . . . . . . .. . 4.25 "251 10 4 -04 . .... 10 .9 5 LM 56 5N . . .
CD40 16 . . .29 CD4094.. .8 9 2764-25
.99 7815K (LM340K-15) . 1.29
8 192 x 8 (250ns) 2 1V . . . .. . . . . . 3.75 LM 56 7V..
CD 401 7. .49 CD40103 2.49 2764A-25 8 192 x 8 (250ns) 12.5 V . .
3 1 06 54 - 0 5 . 9.95 .79 7oo5 T (LM340T-5) . . .49
.3.95 NE 592N . .. . .89
CD40 18 .59 CD40 107 . . .49 2764-45 8 192 x 8 (4 50 n s ) 2 1V . . . . . .... . . . 2.95 3 18 0 18 - 03 . .... 10 .9 5 L.M741 C N. .
7812 T (LM340T- 12) . .49
C D4020. . .59 CD40 109. .7 9 27C64- 15
.29 78 15T (LM340T- 15) . .49
8 192 x 8 (150ns) 2 1V (CMOS) . .. 6.49 LM 74 7C N . .
CD4024. . .49 CD 45 1D.. .69 27 128-20 16,3 8 4 x 8 (2oons) 2 1V
3 18 0 19-03. . . . 10 .9 5 .59 7OO5K (LM 32OK-5) .. 1.35
6.95 MC1350P. . .. ... . .. 1.09
CD4027. . . .35 C D45 11 . . .69 27 128-25 16,3 8 4 x 8 (250ns) 2 1V .. ... .. . ... 5.95 3 18020-04. ... . 10 .9 5 7OO5T (LM320T-5) . .59
MC1372P.. . . . .. 1.95 75472.. .59
CD4030. . .29 C D4520. . .75 27 128A-25 16,384 x 8 (250ns) 12 .5V . . . . .. . .. 5.25 MC1377P. . ..... .. 2.29
CD4040. . . .65 C D4522. .79 27C 128-25 16,384 x 8 (250ns) 21 V (CMOS) . . 6.95
3253 02 -0 1. . . .. 10 .9 5 75477......... .89
CD 4049. . .29 C D4 53 8.. .79 M C 1398P. .. . . . . . . . 895 MC145106P.. . 9£5 2.49
27256-20 32 ,768 x 8 (2oon s) 12 .5V . . 6.95 3 2 5 5 72 - 0 1. .. . . 1 4 .9 5 LM1 41 4N . . . . . 1.29 MC1 45406P. . . .. . .. 2.95
CD40SO. . .29 CD4541 . .89 27256-25 32 ,768 x 8 (2 5On s ) 12.5 V . . .... .... 5.95
CD405 1. . .59 CD4543. .79 "82S10 0 PLA"" ... 15 .95
2 7C256-25 32 ,768 x 8 (250ns) 12.5V (CMOS) . 7.9 5
IC SOCKETS I
CD 4052. . . . .
CD4053. . . .
C D4063
.5 9
.59
1.49
CD4553. .
C D4555. .
C D4559. .
4.95
.79
7.95
27512-20
275 12- 25
68764
65.536 x8 (2oons) 12.5V . .. . . .. . . 13 .49
65,536 xB (250ns) 12.5V . .. ... .. . 11 .95
8 192 x 8 (450ns) 25V. . . .. . . ... . 13 .95
9 0 1225 -0 1. . . . . 11.9 5
90 12 26 -0 1. .... 11 .9 5
•8 LP. .
Low Profil e
.11
Wire Wrap (Gokt) Level #3
8WW. . .59
CD 4066. . .29 CD 4566.. . 2.49
EEPROMS 90 1227-03. 1 1.95 14 LP. . . . . .. .. .. . . .12 14 W W . .. . .. .. .. .65
CD 4067. . 1.29 CD4583. . .89
28 16A 2048 x 8 (35011s) 5V Re a d f\J\.tite. ... 5.9 5
16 LP... .13 16WW.. ... .69
CD4069. . .2 5 CD4584. . .39 9 0 12 2 9-05.... . 1 1.9 5 24 LP. . .25 24WW .... . .
2817A 2048 x 8 (35011s) 5V Re a d f\J\.tite.. . . 7.95 . . . 1.19
CD4070. . .2 5 C D4585.. . . . . . . . . .8 9
2865A 8 192 x 8 (250ns) 5V Readf\J\.t ite. "No spec s. availab le 28LP. . . .27 28WW. .. ... .. .. . .. 1.39
CD407 1. . .25 MC1441 1P 8.95 . 9.95 4OLP. .
528 13 (2 1V) 2048 x 8 (35Ons) 5V Read O n ly. . . . 1.49 "Note: 82S 100PLA :::: .29 4(JWW. .. . .. 1.89
CD4072. . .2 5 M C 14 490P 4.49 U17 (C-64) Soldertlll Standa ~ (Gold & nnJ & Hader Plug Sockets Alsa Availlble

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CIRCLE 114 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

 PROTOTYPING PRODUCTS Uam eco 's New and Improved ATCompatible Kit!
Jameco Solderless FREE! Word Processing Software! I Now with I/O Board!
Breadboard Sockets IBM AT Compatible Kit
Mini-286 6/8/10/12MHz Kit
Baby AT Moth erboa rd
(Zero- K RAM - includ es
JE1007 A rd BIDSROMs) $349.95
JE1015 XT/ AT Styl . Koyboa rd • •• • • $ 59.95 ST225
ST225K
JE1017 Baby AT Flip- Top Case• • •• $ 69.95
ST238
JE1022 5"' - " ·Den slty o;s k Drive •• S109 .95 ST238K
JE1032 200 Watt Power Supply. • . . S 89.95 ST238AT
ST251
36 0K/720K/ 1.2M Roppy
JE1043 Con'roIl... Card• .• .. . . .. 5 49.95 ST251XT
ST251AT
JE1065 Inpu VOu tput Card ••• . • • •. 559.95 ST277
JE23 JE24 JE27 ST277K
Part Dim . Cont act Binding Regular List $789.65
No. L" xW" F\:>ints Post s Prk:e
JE1059 $ 519.9 5 ! Jameco 5.25" PC/XT
~~~~ ~~ ~ 2~~ ~gg g ~ U~ SAVE $99. 70! ~c;::~7~~,~::~ I & AT Compatible
JE22
JE23
6\'1 x n.
6\'1x 2\.
630
830
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$ 5.95
$ 7 .49 JE
2009* ..
IBM AT Compatible Kit ••••••• 689.95
$
'.
Disk Drives
JE10 22 (Pictu ,ed)
JE24- 6\'l-X 3 \' - ' ,360- - 2-$14.95 - - JE286M -- J E200 9·Tech n i ca l· Ma n u a l.~-.- . . $29.95- - JE1020 - - $ -89'95
JE25 6\'1 x 41> 1660 3 $22.95 • . __ . . 36 0K BI.ck Bzl.(PCIXT/AT) . .. •
JE26 6,. x 5~ 2:390 4 $27.95 RAM not ,""'ud ed - M".mum RAM con " gu,, " on 512K (4125 6·1 20 RAM C.... - s.. left) JE1021 $ 89.95
36 0KBe;ge Bzl.( PC/XT / AD • • •
JE27 7'1< x 7\'1 3,220 4 $37.95 IBM COMPATIBLE DISPLAY MONITORS JE1022 1.2MB Beige Bzl. (PC/ XT/AD • $109 .95

Jameco's
IBM PCIXT/AT
Compatible \
"
~-, -
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......'
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..
'""

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12" Amber Monochrome -
TTL Input, High Resolution (PC/X l /AT)
AMBER. .... $-W9:95 $99.95
Toshiba 3 .5 " PC/XT/AT
Compatible Disk Drive
352KU t~~~~i~~·~~:A'ri~:. $129.95
Motherboards .. • 1 14" RGB Color - CGA Compatible
f.- :,:. Ambe r / Green/Color Switc hable , 640 x TTX14 10
2400/1200/300 Modems
• Award
BIOS ROMs " . ',... ·~I ... : 200 Resolut ion (PC/Xl/ AT)
•,
r: -,
'''iii, , ''
'ft1
til
Datatronics
TTX1410 $279.95
. _=..a
• Hayes co mmand co mpat-
in clu ded JE1001 --
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'R ~, I

JE1001 4.77/8MHz (PC/XT) ••• • $ 99.95 14" EGA Color - EGN CGACompat., 720 x 350 (max.) resolu tion (PC/Xl/Al ) pa tible· Au to- d ia l/au to -
answe r . FCC ap p roved
JE1002 4.77/10MHz (PC/XT) ••• $119.95 TE5154 $399.95 1-year warranty · Incl udes
, .- . ~. -~,
JE1007 6/8/10/12MHz (AT) •••• $349.95 IBM PC/XT/AT COMPATIBLE CARDS Ma xiMite Commu nic ation
Softw are
1200H 1200 /3 00 Baud In' ... re! Mod em.• • • $ 79.95
2&3MB 2400$ 240011200/3 00 Inte'n . l Mod em• . • • $174 .95
Memo~ 1200C 1200 /3 00 Baud Extern al Modem • ••• $119.95
Expansion Graphic 2400E 240011200 / 300 Extem . 1Mod em .... $219 .95
Cards for
IBM AT and Compatibles JE108 2 Display Jameco Extended 80-Column
2MB of expanded or extend ed Cards Card for Apple lie
JE1081 memory eero- K on-beard) (An • . • $129.95 ° 80 CoI.l 64K RAM· Doub les
3MB of expanded or extended memory, JE10 50 amoun t of d ata your App le fie
parallel pr inter port , seria l port and ca n disp lay as well as its mem-
JE1082 game port (zero- K on-boa rd) lAD .. $169.95 JE1050 Mono Graphi cs Card w/Prin ter fUrl (PCIXT/AT)• ••• • $59.95 ory capacity • Idea l for word
p roce ssin g ' Comp lete with
in structions
Jameco JE1052 Color Grap hics Card w/ Printer fU rl (PC/Xl/Al) • • • •• • $49.95
Computer JE1055 EGA Card with 256K Video RAM (PC/Xl/AT)••• ••• $169.95 JE864 $39.95
Power
Protection JE1~90
';;!i i i i ! ! J JE1071
$99.95
JE1190 Power Base • • • • • • • • • $29.95 TEST EQUIPMENT
JE1191 6-Qutlet Power Strip •••• $11.95 Multifunction, I/O and Expansion Cards
IBM PCIXT I ATCompatible Keyboards I/O Card with Serial, Game, Parallel Printer Digital Multimeters
JE1060 Port and Real Time Clock (PC/ Xl] •• • • • • • • • • •• • $59.95 Kingdom KD302 :
• Pocket Size in hand y
JE1061 RS232 Serial Half Card (PC/Xl/ AT)•• • • ••••••• •• $29.95 ca rry case
• 3" Digit LCD

~~~I~dp~~\~~~~I(,*.m.e .a~d••• •••••

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JE1016
JE1065 ••••••• $59.95 • Audibl e co ntinuity tester
· Tests: ACIDC Voltage,
Pictured Expand to 38 4K (zero-K on- boa rd) Multifunc. w/Serial, Resistance and
• Tac tile touch keyswitc hes • Switch selectable between
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JE1078 Game,Parali eIP rint er fUrl&ReaITime Clock (PC/ XT) •• $79.95 Continuity
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Loc k • Size: 4'.."L x 2'W x l,' 'H
JE1015 $59 .95 Floppy and Hard Disk Controller Cards
JE1040 36 0KB Floppy Disk Drive Controller Card (PC/ XT)••• • $29.95 KD302 .. $27.95
• Enha nce d keyboa rd tavouf - Illuminated Num Loc k. Caps
Lock and Sc roll Loc k • Automa tica lly switc hes betwee n Mele x M4650 :
PC/Xl or AT JE1041 20/40MB Hard Disk Co ntroller Card (PC/Xl) ••• • • •• $79.95 • Hand held,h igh accuracy
• 4", Digit LCD
JE1 016 $79.95 JE1042 30/60MB RLL Hard Disk Contro ller (PC/ Xl) •••••••• $99.95 · Manual ranging with
Overload Protecti on
DATA BOOKS JE1043 36 0K/ 720K/ 1.2MB Flo ppy Disk Cont. Card (PC/Xl / AT) $49.95 • Audible co ntinuity tester
• Tests: AC/DC Voltage,
400041 $14 .95
~~~\;'~I~~~~;~~MI~~~y:~~r~ ~~s~ • • .••
NSC Lin .., D Book -VoU (87) •• • •• Resista nce , Conti nuity
400042 NSC un.. r D " --VoU I (87) • • .• $ 9.95 JE1045 •• • • • $159.95 Capac itance. Frequency
400043 NSC Lin. . r D . . -· VoI.III (87) •• • . $ 9.95 • One Year Warranty
210830 $17 .95 • Size : r Lx 3 '7- Wx 1,?oH
Intel Memo.y Hand book (87). • • • • • •
Additional Add-Ons Available!

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CIRCLE 114 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

 2 11 2 2 5 6x 4 1450nsl 2 .9 9 7 4 Lsao . 16 7 4 LS 112 .2 9 7 4lS2 41 .6 9
2114 10 2 4 x4 1450ns l .9 9 74 LSOl .18 7 41 51 2 2 .4 5 74 LS242 .6 9
2 114l· 2
TMM2016-100
10 24 :x4
2048 :x8
1200ns lllOW POWER )
11 0 0 ns)
1.4 9
1.95 Ba5~AH WITH BA§IC 74 1502
7 4 1503
.17
. 18
74 LS1 2 3
74 LS 124
.4 9
2 .75
7 4 LS243
7 4 LS2 44
.6 9
.6 9
HM6116 ·4 2 0 4 8:x8 120 0 nsll CM0 5) 1.79 74 LS04
H M6 11 6·3 2 048x8 11 5 0 ns1l CM0 5) 1.85 5 *349 74 l S05
. 16
. 18
74 LS125
7 4lS 12 6
.3 9
.3 9
14 LS245
74 LS251
.7 9
.4 9
HM 6116LP-4 2 048x 8 12 oons1l CM0 511l P) 1.85 7 41 5 0 8 . 18 74 tS132 .3 9 74 15253 .4 9
HM6116LP-3 2 0 4 8x 8 1150ns 1lCM0511lP ) 1.90 * SINGLE CHIP MICRO-CONTROLLER WITH BASIC IN ROM 7 4150 9 . 18 7415 133 49 74 LS257 .3 9
HM6116lP·2
HM6264LP-15
2 0 48:x8
81 92x8
11 2 0ns1l CM0 511l P )
(1 5 0nsIlCM0 5I1l P)
2 .45
3 .95
* BUILT -IN SERIAL PORT, THREE 16 BIT TIMERS, FIVE 7 4LS1 0
74LS11
.16 7 4 LS136 .3 9 7 4 15258 .4 9
INTERRUPTS AND 256 BYTES OF RAM .2 2 74 LS 138 .3 9 7 4 15259 1.29
HM6264lp·12 8 192x8
HM43256Lp·15 3 2 7 6 8x 8
(1 20ns1lCM0511lP )
1150ns llCM0511lP I
4.49
12. 9 5
* REQUiRES VERY FEW PARTS TO BUILD AND EASY·TO- 74l S1 2
74 LS 13
.2 2
.2 6
7 4L S1 3 9
7 4LS1 4 5
.3 9 .
.9 9
7 4 1 5260
7 4 LS266
.4 9
.3 9
HM43256LP-1 2 3 2 7 6 8:x8 1120ns llCM0511lPI 14.95 PROGRAM CONTROLLER 74lS1 4 .3 9 7 4LS1 4 7
HM43256lP-l0 3 2 7 6 8x 8 110 0 ns ll CM0 5 1ll PJ 1 9 .95 * BASIC INTERPRETER is OPTIM iZED FOR CONTROL 74lS1 5 .2 6 7 4LS1 4 8
.9 9
.9 9
74 LS2 73
74 LS279
.7 9
.3 9
APPLICA nONS 7 4 l S20 . 17 74 LS 15 1 .3 9 7 4 LS280 1 .9 8
7 41 5 21 .22 7 4LS1 5 3 .3 9 7415 283 .5 9
DYNAMIC RAM§

**
7415 22 .22 74lS1 54 1.4 9 74lS 2 9 0 .8 9
7 4 l S 27 .2 3 74 LS 155 .5 9 74lS 2 93 .8 9
16384 xl (250ns) .4 9 7 4 LS28 .2 6 74 LS 1 56 .4 9 7 4lS 2 9 9 1 .4 9
16384 xl (2 00ns l .8 9 741530 .17 7 4lS1 5 7 .3~ 7 415 32 2 3 .95
16384xl (1 5 0 ns l _9 9 741532 .18
4116-1 20 163 84 xl (120ns l 1 _49 7 4 lS 158 .2 9 7 4 LS 32 3 2 .49
- M K4 3 3 2 32768" _120 0ns ) 6 .95 _.
Bi!OO 7415 3 3
o;="'::::'::::==-,-;;,"" .==---::-:-:~~=~:-:-~-:-::-=- I. 7 4LS 3 7 -
.28 74tS1GO .2 9 74L5 3 6 5 .3 9
-.26 - 74 tS 161 .3 9 - 7 4 LS 3 6 7 .3 9
4164 ·150 65 5 3 6x l (150ns) 1.7 9 74153 8 .2 6 7 4 LS 162 .4 9 74lS36 8 .3 9
4164-120 6 55 36xl (120ns ) 1 _99 74154 2 .3 9 7 4 LS163 .3 9 74 15373 .7 9
MCM6665 65536 xl (2oons ) 1 _95 74LS 47
TMS4164 655 36x l (15 0 ns) 1. 9 5 .7 5 7 4LS1 6 4 .4 9 7 4 LS3 74 .7 9
74LS48 .8 5 74 lS 165 .6 5 74 LS375 .9 5
4164·REFRESH 6 5 536x l (1 50 ns){PIN , REFRESH)2 .9 5 7415 51 . 17 7415 166 .9 5 7 4LS 377 .7 9
TMS 44 1 6 16364 x4 (150ns) 3 .75 74lS73
41128-150 131072 xl (1 5 0 n s l 5 _95 .2 9 7 4L S1 6 9 .9 5 7415 3 9 0 1.1 9
74 LS 74 .2 4 74lS1 7 3 .4 9 7415 3 93 .7 9
TMS4464-1 5 6 5 5 36x4 (1 5 0 nsl 4 .95 7 4 LS7 5 .2 9 74lS174 .3 9 74LS541 1 _49
41256·150 2 62144 xl (1 5 0 ns l 3 .95 7 4 15 76 .2 9 74L S1 7 5 .3 9 74LS6 2 4 1.95
4 12 5 6 -120 2 62144x l 11 2 0 n sl 4 .9 5 74 LS83 .4 9
41256-100 2 6 2144 xl 1100n s ) 5 .4 9 7 4t$1 91 .4 9 74lS6 4 0 .9 9
7 4LS 85 .4 9 74LS1 9 2 .6 9 74LS 64 5 .9 9
HM51258-100 2 62 14 4x l 1100ns1lCMOS ) 6 .9 5 7 4 1586 .2 2
1 MB -120 1048576x1 1120nsl 31 .95 74 LS 193 .6 9 7 4 l S67 0 .8 9
7 4LS 90 .3 9 74LS1 9 4 .6 9 74LS 6 8 2 3 .2 0
1 MB-l00 1048576 x1 (lOOns) 34.95 7 4159 2 .4 9 7 4 LS 19 5 .6 9 7 415 6 8 8 2 .4 0
74159 3 .3 9 7 4 15196 .5 9 7415783 22 .95
EPRDM§ 7 4L S 9 5 .49 74LS1 9 7 .5 9 2 5 LS 252 1
2708 10 24 :x8 (450nsIl25V) 4 .95
MATH COPROCE§§OR§ 74LS107
74LS109
.34
.36
74LS2 2 1
74lS240
.5 9 26 LS31
.6 9 2 61532
2716 2048:x8 (450ns)( 25V) 3 .49 8 087
2716-1 5 MHz 599.95
2048 x8 (350ns)(25VI 3 .95 8087·2
TM52532 4096 x8 (450nsj(25VI 5 .95 8 MHz 5 1 59. 95
2732 40 96 x8 (4 5 0 ns l(2 5 V) 3 .95 8087·1 ,0 MHz 5229 .95 7400 LINEAR
27 32A 4 09 6 x8 1250nsl( 21 V) 3 _95 80287 6 MHz 5 179 .9 5
2732A·2 40 96 x8 (200ns 1(21 VI 4 _25 80287·8 8 MHz 5249.95 7 4 00 .19 TL071 .6 9 LM5 6 7 .7 9
2 7 C64 8 192x8 (250ns)(1 2 .5V CMOS) 4 .9 5 7402 .19 TL07 2 1.0 9 NE 57 0 2 .95
2764
80287·10 '0 MHz 5309 .95 7404 .19 TL074 1. 95 NE59 2
8 19 2x 8 (4 5 0 ns )(1 2.5V) 3 .49 .9 8
2 7 64·2 5 0 8192x8 (2 5 0 ns )(1 2.5V) 3 .69 80387·16 '6 MHz 5499.95 7406 .2 9 Tl0 8 2 .9 9 lM72 3 ' .4 9
2764·200 8192 :x8 (2 oons)(12.5V) 4 .2 5 80387-20 20 MHz 5 7 99. 9 5 7407 .2 9 Tl O8 4 1 .4 9 lM73 3 .9 8
MCM68766 7408 .2 4 LM3 0 1 .3 4 LM7 41 .2 9
81 92x8 (3 5 0 ns)(21 V)l 2 4 PIN I 15 .95 7 41 0 .19
27128 lM 3 0 9 K 1 .25 LM7 4 7 .6 9
16384x8 12 5 0 ns)( 12 .5V) 4 .25 7 411 .2 5 lM31 1 .5 9 MC 1330 1 .6 9

--
27C256 32768 x8 1250ns )l1 2.5V CMOS) 7 .95 7414 .49 lM 31 1H .8 9
27256 MC 1 3 5 0 1.19
32768 x8 !2 5 0 ns)(12.5V) 5 .9 5 741 6 .2 5 lM 31 7 K 3 .4 9 LM 1458 .3 5
27512 6 553 6x 8 (250ns )(1 2.5V ) 11 .95 7 41 7 .2 5 LM Jl n .6 9 LM1 48 8 .4 9
27C512 6 5536 x8 (250ns)l1 2 .5V CMOS) 12 .95 7 420 .19 lM 31 8 1 .4 9 LM1 4 8 9 .4 9
xx V : Pr ogram Volt ~ 7 4 30 .19 lM 31 9 1. 2 5 LM14 9 6 .8 5
7 4 32 .2 9 LM3 2 0 see7900 UlN200 3 .7 9
74 3 8 .29 lM 3 23K 3 .49 XR2 206 3 .95
744 2 .4 9 LM3 24 .3 4 X R22 1 1 2.95
6500 Z-BO Vi!OSERIES 7445
74 47
.6 9
.8 9
lM331
lM 3 34
3 .9 5 LM2 91 7 1.95
1 .1 9 CA30 4 6 .8 9
' .0 MHz i!.5MHz 5 MHz 7 4 73 .3 4 lM 3 35 1 .7 9 CA31 4 6 1. 2 9
8 .95 7 47 4 .3 3 l M3 3 6 1 .75 MC3373 1. 2 9
6502 2 .2 5 Z80·CPU 1 .2 5 74 75 .4 5 lM 338K 4 .4 9 MC3470
1771 1. 95
65C02 ICMOS) 7 .95 7 47 6 .3 5 LM3 3 9 .5 9 MC348 0 8 .9 5
6520 1 .6 5 4.0 MHz 1791 7 48 3 .5 0 l M3 4 0 see7 800 MC3 4 8 7 2 .9 5
6522 2 .95 Z80A ·CPU 1. 2 9 179 3 7485 .5 9 lF3 5 3 .5 9 lM39 0 0 .4 9
6526 13 .95 Z80A-CTC 1. 6 9 179 5 7 486 .3 5 l F3 5 6 .9 9 LM3 911 2 .25
6532 5 .9 5 Z80A-DAR T 5 .95 1797 7 489 2 .15 lF357 .9 9 lM3909 .9 8
6545 2 .9 5 Z80A -DMA 5 .95 2 79 1 74 90 .3 9 lM 3 5 8 .5 9 LM3 91 4 1 .8 9
6551 2 .9 5 Z80A-PIO 1.89 27 9 3 749 3 .3 5 l M380 .8 9 MC 4024 3 .49
Z80A -SIO 0 5 .95 2 797 CRYSTALS 74FOO .3 5 74 12 1 .2 ~ LM3 8 3 1 .9 5 MC 4 0 4 4 3 .99
i!.OMHz Z80A -SIO 1 5 .95 82 7 2 32.768 KHz .95 74F02 .3 5
7 412 3 .4 9 lM 3 8 6 .8 9 RC4 1 3 6 1 _2 5
UPD 7 6 5 1 .0MH z 2 .95 74 125 .4 5 lM39 3 .4 5 RC4558 .6 9
6502A 2 .69 Z80A -SIO J 2 5 .9 5 74F04 .3 5 7 4 15 0 1.3 5 LM3 94H
6520A MB8 8 7 6 1 .843 2 2 .95 74F08 5 .9 5 LM13 6 0 0 1. 4 9
2 .9 5 .3 5 74 151 .5 5 Tl4 9 4 4 .2 0 7 51 07 1 .49
6 522A 5 .9 5 6. 0 MHz MB 8 8 77 2 .0 1.95 74Fl0 .3 5 741 5 3 .5 5 Tl4 9 7 3 .2 5 751 10 1.95
6532A 11 .95 Z8 0B·CPU 2 .75 16 91 2.4 5 76 1 .95 74F32 .3 5 74 154 1 .4 9 NE5 5 5 .2 9 7 51 50
2 143 3.579545 1.95
6545A 3 .95 Z80B·CTC 4 .25 1 .95 74F64 .5 5 74157 .5 5 N E5 5 6 .4 9 751 54 1 .95
6551A 6 .95 Z8 0B -PIO 4 .25 92 16 4 .0 1.95 74F74 .3 9 74 159 1.6 5 NE 5 5 8 .7 9 751 8 8 1.2 5
Z80B-DART 6 .9 5 5 .0 1 .95 74F86 .5 5 7 41 61 .6 9 N E5 6 4 1.95 751 8 9 1.2 5
3 .0 MHz Z80B ·S IO / 0 12.9 5 5 .068 8 1 .95 74F138 .7 9 7 4 16 4 .8 5 lM5 6 5 .9 5 7545 1 .3 9
6502B 4 .2 5 Z80B-SIO / 2 12 .9 5 6 .0 1.95 74 F139 .7 9 7 41 6 6 1 .00 LM5 6 6 1.49 7 5 4 52 .3 9
Z8 6 71 Zll OG 9 .95 UARTS' 6.144 1 .95 74F253 .8 9 7 41 7 5
74 36 7
.8 9
.6 5
N E5 9 0 2 .50 7 5477 1. 29
8 .0 1 .95 74F157 .8 9 H ·TO·5 CA N. KoTO·3 . T.TO·2 2 0
3 .95 10.0 1.95 74F240 1.29
6BOO 4 .95 10.7386 35 1 .95 74SOO .2 9
3 .95 12.0
r.oMHz CLOCK 1 .95 74502 .2 9
4 .95
3 .9 5
14.3181 8 1 .95 74504 .2 9 CMOS /HI6H SPEED CMOS
6800
6802
1 .95
2 .9 5
CIRCUITS 9 .95
16.0
18.0
1 _95 74S08 .3 5
1 .95 74510 .2 9 4001 .19 4066 .2 9 74HC154
6803 3 .9 5 MM58167 6 .95 18.43 2 1.95 4011 .19 4069 .19 74HC157
10 .95 74532 .3 5
6 809 2 .9 5 MM58174 20 .0 1.95 74$74 401 2 .2 5 4070 .2 9 74HC244
.4 9
6809E 2 .95 M5M5832 22 . 1 184 1.95 74586 40 13 .3 5 4081 .2 2 74HC245
.3 5 .2 9 4093
681 0 1 .95 24 .0 1.95 745112 4015 .4 9 74HC273
.5 0 4016 .2 9 14411 9 .9 5 74HC373
6 8 20 2 .9 5 32.0 1.95
6 8 21 1 .25 MISC. 74S1 24 2 .7 5 401 7 .4 9 14433 14.95 7 4HC374
(J) 6840 3 .95 BIT RATE ADC0 8 0 4 2 .99 OSCILLATOR
7 45138
74S15 3
.7 9
.7 9
4018 .6 9 14497 6 .95 74HCToo
40 20 .5 9 4 5 03 .4 9 74HCT02
~ 6 843
6 844
4 .95
6 .95
6ENERATORS ADC0809
DAC 0 8 0 0
3 .85
3 .29
1.0MHz
1.843 2
5 .95 14S157 .7 9 40 21 .6 9 4 5 11 .6 9 74HCT04
Z IY'C14 411 9.95 5 .95 7 45158 .9 5 4 023 .2 5 45 18 .8 5 74H CT0 8
6 845 2 .75 DAC080 8 1. 95 2 .0 5 .95 74S1 6 3 1.2 9 4024 .4 9 45 28 .7 9 74HCT32
0 6847 4 .75 BR 1941 4 .95 DAC 1022 5 .95 2 .4576 5 .95 7 4S175 .7 9 4025 .2 5 4538 .9 5 74HCT74
a: 6850 1.9 5 4 702
CO M8 1 16
9 .95
8 .95
MC1 4 0 8L 8 1.95 2 .5 5.95 74S1 9 5 1. 4 9 4027 .3 9 4 7 02 9 .9 5 74HCT138
I- 688 3 22 .95 8T 28 1 .2 9 4 .0 4 .95 74S24 0 1 _49 4028 .6 5 74HCOO .2 1 74HCT139
oW i!.oMH" 8T 97
DP8304
.5 9
2 .29
5 .0 68 8 4 .9 5 7 4S2 41 1 .49 4 040
4 042
.6 9
.5 9
74H C0 2
74HC04
.2 1
.2 5
74HCT1 6 1
74HCT240
6 .0 4 .95 74S244 1.49
...J 68BOO 2.95 9334 1 .75 4044 .6 9 74HC08 .2 5 74HCT244
W 68802 3 .9 5 INTERSIL 9 368 2 .8 5
6 .144
8 .0
4 .9 5
4 .95
7 45280
74S287
1.95
1.69
4046 .6 9 74HC10 .2 5 74HCT245
4 047 .6 9 74HC14 .3 5 74HCT273
6 68B09E
68 B09
5 .49
5 .9 9
9602
UlN2003
.6 9
.7 9
10.0
12 .0
4 .95
4 .9 5
745288
7 45299
1 _69
2.95
4049
4050
.2 9
.2 9
74HC32
74HC74
.3 5
.3 5
74HCT373
74HCT374
0' 68B21
6 8 B45
1 .8 5
4 .9 5
MAX 23 2 7 .9 5 16 .0 4 .95 745373 1.6 9 4051 .6 9 74HC86 .4 5 74HCT393
<l: MC3470 1 .95 1 8 .432 4 .95 74S374 1.69 4052 .6 9 74HC138 .4 5 74HCT4017
a: 68B50
6 8000
1 .75
9 .95
MC3487 2 .9 5
AY5 -3600 PRO 11 .95
20.0
24 .0
4 .95 74$471 4 _95 4053
4 060
.6 9
.6 9
74HC1 39 .4 5
74HC151 .59
74HCT4040
74HCT4060
4 .95 74S571 2.95

CIRCLE 113 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

 CAPACITORS 5 DWER 5TATION
TANTALUM U L A PP RO VED
1 .0'" 15V .12 1.0'" 35V .4 5 • A DJ U STA B LE HEAT
6 .8 15V 42 2.2 35 V .1 9 SETIING W / TIP TEMP
10 15V .4 5 4 .7 3 5V .3 9 READOUT
22 15V .9 9 10 35 V .6 9 • QUICK HEATIN G
UI!!iC & RECOVER Y
~ RANGE : 2 00 o -90 0 oF
1 0 pf 50V .0 5 .OOl ,A 50V .0 5 i!5 PIN O-SUB
22 50V .0 5 .0 0 5 50V .0 5
.GENDER
33
47
100
50V
50V
50V
.0 5
.0 5
.0 5
.0 1
.0 5
.1
50 V
50V
12V
.0 7
.0 7
.1 0
CHANGERS $49.95
22 0 5 0V .0 5 .1 5 0V .1 2 .7.95
MONOLITHIC EXTENDERCARD5
, O ' ~I 50 V . 14 . 1'" 50 V . 18
.0 4 7'" 5 0 V .1 5 .4 7'" 5 0V .2 5
FDRIBM
ELECTROL YTIC EXT-SOSS 529 .95
RADIAL AXIAL EXT-S02S6 539 .95
FOR PS/i!
'''
4 .7
10
47
25V .14
50V .11
50V .11
35V . 1 3
'''
10
22
47
50V . 14
50V . 16
16V .14
50V .1 9
JDR-PR32 5 69. 9 5
FORXT
ISM ·rRl $2 7 .9 5
2 c onductor :s ~c;: 32 B IT PROTOTYPE CARD WITH t 5 V AND GROUND PLANE
100 16V . 15 100 35V .19
220 35V .2 0 470 5 0V .2 9 3 co n d u c tor ss e JDR-PR16 $ 49 .9 5 IBM ·PR2 $ 2 9 .9 5
470 25V .3 0 1000 16V .2 9 3 con d uc to r w /female sock et 16 BIT WITH 110 AS ABOVE WITH DECODING LAYOUT
22 0 0 lGV .7 0 2 200 16V .7 0 DECODING CIRCUITRY
$ 1 .4 9 JOR -PR1 6 ·PK 5 15 .9 5
4700 25Vl .45 4700 16Vl.25
PARTS KIT FOR ABOVE
JOR·PR1 6V 5 39 .9 5 FOR AT
EXTENDED CONNECTORS
RESISTOR NETWORK VOLTAGE FOR VIDEO APPLICATIONS JOR·PR10 $ 34 .95
16 BIT WITH DECODING LAYOUT
10
8
PIN
PIN
9
7
RESISTOR
RES IS TOR
.6 9
.5 9
REGULATORS J O R· P R 10 · P K " 2 .9 5
16 P IN 8 RESISTOR 1 .0 9 7805T .4 9 7 812K 1 .39 PARTS KIT FOR ABOVE
16 PIN 15 RESISTOR 1 .0 9 7808T .4 9 7905K 1 .69
14 PI N 7 RES ISTOR .9 9 7812T .4 9 79 12 K 1 .49
14 PI N 13 RESISTOR .9 9 7815T .4 9 7 8L05 .4 9
7905T .5 9 78 112 .4 9
7908T .59 79 L05 .6 9
791 2T .5 9 7 9112 1 .49
SDLDERLESS
3B PIN CENTRONICS 7915T .5 9 LM323K 4 .79 BREADBOARDS
ID CEN36_RIBBON CABLE_3 .95 _ 7805K 1.59 LM338K 6.95
WBU ·D 100_TlE I'OINTS _ 2 .9 5
CEN36 SOLDER CUP 1 .85 WBU·T 630 TIE POINTS 6 .9 5
IDCEN36 /F RIBBON CABLE 4.95 DISCRETE WBU -204·3
WBU· 204
1360 TIE
1660 TIE
POINTS
POINTS
17 .95
24 .95
CEN36PC Rt Ang le PC Mount 1 .85
1N75 1 .1 5 4N28 .6 9 WBU·206 43 90 TIE POINTS 29 .9 5
lN4148 25 ' lOll 4N33 .8 9 WBU ·208 3 2 20 TIE POINTS 3 9 .95
lN40041 0 ' 10:1 4N37 1 .19
EOGECARD lN5402 .2 5 MCT·2 .5 9
KBP02 .5 5 MCT·6 1 .29
CONNECTDRS 2N2222 .2 5
100 Pin ST S-100 .12 5 3 .95 PN2222 .10
Tl L-111
2N3906
.9 9
.10
PAGE WIRE WRAP WIRE
10 0 Pin WW S- 100 .12 5 4 .95 2N2907 .2 5 2N4401 .2 5
62 Pin ST IBM PC . 10 0 1 .95 2N3055 .7 9 2N4402 .2 5
PRECUT ASSORTfIlENT
50 Pin ST APPLE .100 2 .95 2N3904 .1 0 2N4403 .2 5 IN ASSORTE D COLORS S27.50
44 Pin ST STD .15 6 1.95 4N26 .6 9 2NG045 1 .75 10 0 ea : 5 .5 " , 6 .0 " , 6 .5 " , 7 .0 "
44 Pin 'WW STD .156 4 .95 4N27 .6 9 TIP31 .49 2 5 0ea: 2 .5 " , 4 .5 " , 5 .0 "
500ea : 3 .0 " , 3 . 5 " , 4 .0 "

I DC CDNNECTORS/RIBB ON CABLE SPOOLS

100 f oeet $ 4 .3 0 250 f eet $ 7 .2 5
500 feet $ 1 3.2 5 1000 f e et $ 2 1.9 5
CONTACTS
DESCRIPTION ORDER BY 10 20 26 34 40 Please spec ify color:
SOLDER HEADER ID H xx S .8 2 1 .29 1.68 2 .20 2 .58 Blue. Black. veuo» or Red
Chip Intens ity
M od e l Timer
RIG H T A NG L E SOLDER HEADER IDH xx SR .8 5 1 .35 1.76 2 .31 2 .72 C apa c ity (uW /Cm 2 J
WIREWRA P HEADER IDH x x W 1 .86 2 .98 3.84 4 .50 5 .28 PE -140 NO 9 8.000
RIGHT AN GLE WIR EWR A P HEADE R ID H x x W R 2 .05 3 .28 4.22 4 .45 4 .8 0 PE -1 4 0 T YES 9 8.000
SOCKET-WRAP 1.0 T•
RIBBON HEADER SOCKET I D Sx x .6 3 .8 9 .9 5 1.29 1 .49 PE -240T YES 12 9 .600 • SLIPS OVER WIRE wRAP PINS
• ID EN T I FI ES PIN NUMBERS ON WRAP
RIBBON HEADER ID M x x 5 .50 6.25 7 .0 0 7 .50 SIDE OF BOARD
RIBBON EDGE CAR D I D Ex x .8 5 1.25 1.35 1.75 2 .05 • CAN WR ITE ON THE PLASTIC;
10· GREY RIBBON CAB LE RC x x 1 .60 3 .20 4.10 540 6 .40 SUCH AS AN IC It
DATARASE PINS PART It PCK. OF PRICE
FOR ORD ERING INS TRUC TIO NS. SEE O·SU BMINIA TURE CONNEC TORS. BELD W 8 IDWRAP 08 10 1 ,95
* ERASES 2 EPROMS IN 10 MINUTES

.--
• VERY COMPACT. NO DRAWER 14 IDWRAP 14 10 1. 95
• TH IN METAL SHUTIER PREVENTS 16 IOWRAP 16 10 1.95
D -SUBMI NIATURE CDNNECTORS UV LIGHT FROM ESCAPING 18 IOWRAP 18
20 IDWRAP 2 0
5
5
1 .95
1.95

DESCRIPTION
C ONTACTS .34.95 2 2 IOWRAP 22
24 IOWRAP 24
5
5
1 .95
1 .95
O RD ER BY
9 15 19 25 37 50 2 8 IDWRAP 28 5. 1 .95
MA LE OBxx P .4 5.5 9 .6 9 .6 9 1. 3 5 1 .85 40 IOWRAP 40 5 1 .95
SO LDER CUP PLEASE ORDER BY N UMBER OF
FEMALE OB xxS .49 .6 9 .7 5 .7 5 1 .39 2.29 PACKAGES I PC K . OF)
MALE DBxxPR .49 .6 9 .7 9 2 .27
RIGHT ANGLE PC SOLDER
FEMALE DB xxSR .5 5 .7 5 .8 5 2 .49

WIREWRAP
MALE DBxxPN'N 1 .69 2.56 3 .8 9 5 .60 SWITCHES
FEMALE DBxx5WW 2 .76 4 .27 6 .84 9 .95
LIGHT EMITTING DIODES SPOT MI NI ·TOGGLE ON ·ON
MALE IDB x xP 1 .39 1 .99 2 .25 4 .25 DPOT M IN I·TOGGLE ON ·ON
IDC RIBBON CABLE
FEMALE JDBxxS 1.45 2 .0 5 2 .35 4 .49
LED DlSPLA VS DPDT M IN I-TOGGLE ON ·O FF-O N
FND ·357135 9 ) COM CATHODE .3 6 2 " 1.25 SPST M IN I·PUS HB UnON N .O .
METAL MHOODxx 1.05 1.15 1.25 1.25
HOODS FND -5001503 ) COM CATHODE .5" 1.49
GREY HOODxx .3 9 .39 .3 9 .6 9 .7 5 FNO -50 71510 ) COM ANODE .5 " 1.49
DIP SWITCHES
OROERING INSTRU CTIONS: MAN·72 COM ANODE .3 ·· .9 9 4 p o s it io n .8 5 7 p o sition
INS ERT THE NUM BER OF CON TAC TS IN THE POSITIO N MA RKEO ··xx ·· OF THE ··ORDER BY ·· PAR T MAN·74 COM CATHODE .3 " .9 9 5 p osit io n .9 0 8 p o sition
NUMBER LIST ED. EXAMPLE: A 15 PIN RIGHT ANGLE MAL E PC SOLDER WOULD BE DB15PR TIL-313 COM CATHODE .3" . .4 5 6 p o s iti on .9 0 10 posit ion
T1l-311 4 )(7 HEX W /LOGIC .2 7 0 " 10 .95
MOUNTING HARDWARE 59t
DIFFUSED LED!i " SNA PA B LE " HEADERS
1-9 9
CAN BE SNAPPED APART TO
IC SOCKETS/DIP CONNECTORS JUMBO RED
JUMBO GREEN
T P /.
T 1J~
.10
.14 MAKE ANY SIZE HEADER.
CONTACTS JUMBO YELLOW T P IiI . 14 ALL W ITH .1 " CENTERS
DESCRIPTION ORDER BY MOUNTING HOW T P Io . 10 STRAIGHT LEAD
8 14 16 18 20 22 24 28
SOLDERTAILSOCKETS xx ST .1 1 .1 1 .12 .15 .18 .15 .2 0 .2 2 MIN I RED Tl .10 RIGHT ANGLE LEAD
2 STRAIGHT LEADS

[tFJ
WlREWRAP SOCKETS xx WW .5 9 .6 9 .69 .9 9 1 .09 1.3 9 1.4 9 1.69
ZIF SOCKETS
TOO LED SOCKETS
OO LEOWWSOCKETS
ZIFxx
A UGATxxST .6 2
A UGATxxWW 1.30
4.95
.7 9
1.80
4 .95
-:8 9
2.10 -
1.09
2.40
5 .95
1 .29
2 .5 0
1.39
2.90
5.95
1.49
3.15
6 .95
1 .69
3.70 3 VOLT ~
I!i- ~. (i m 2x n 2 AN r LEH * r 9

*'* t .~
OMPONENT CARRIE RS teen .4 9 .5 9 .6 9 .9 9 .9 9 .9 9 .9 9 1.09 UTHIUMBATTERVj ·'

n~
DIP PLUGS IDC IOPx x .9 5 .4 9 .5 9 1.29 1 .49 .8 5 1.49 . '.95 ~ .. / .
FOR ORDERING IN$rRl IC TICINS <:;fE D·$ UBMINJA TURE CONNEC TORS ABOVE
HOLDER .'.49 ~ J) .

109
CIRCLE 177 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
 SAMSUNIi
MONOCHROME
MONITOR

DIABLO
_'i!g9S
PRINTER • IBM COMPATIBLE
TT L INPUT

!/ii!7g
:
9S
;~T,~E~5~~;~~}-~~-~opg~~i~~~~~~~CTNG,----- I. · .
• 12" NON-GLARE.
LOW DISTORTION
AMBER SCREEN
• 72 0 X 350
RESOLUTIO N
SW IVEL BASE
• SERIAL & PARALLEL INTERFACE
• AUTO PAPER LOAD. FRICT ION FEED
• FULL XEROX WARRA NTY

IT' S TIME TO TRADE UP NOW THAT JDR BREAKS THE

PRICE BARRIER ON 2400 BAUD MODEMS
• AUTO DIAL AN SWER NEC MULTISYNC $599.95
• SELF TEST ON POWER-UP • ORIGINAL CGA/EGA/PGA COMPATIBLE MONITOR
• TOUCH TONE OR PULSE DIALING • AUTO FREQUENCY ADJU STMENT
• HAYES & BELL SYSTEMS COMPATIBLE • RESOLUTION AS HIGH AS 800 X 560
• FULL OR HALF DUPLEX
• MIRROR II COM MUNICATIONS SOFTWARE INCLUDED CASPER EGA $399.95
MCT·241 • 15.75/21.85 KHz SCANNING FREQUEN C IES
• 640 X 200/350 RESOLU TIO N • .31 MM DOT PITCH
MCT·1211200 BAUD 1/2 CARD $ 69.95
CENTRONICS • 14" BLACK MATR IX SCREEN . 16 COLOR S

CASPER RGB $i!79.95

LASER !Iiff.9'~
EXTERNAL MOOEMS
• COLOR/GREEN/A MBER SWITCH • .39MM DOT PITCH
MCT·12E 1200 BAUD
~
$ 99.95 • 640 X 240 RESOLUTION . 14" NON -GLARE SCREEN
MCT·24E 2400 BAUD $169.95 PRINTER • RGB/IBM COMPATIBLE . CABLE INCLUDED

NEAR TYPE!!iET DUALITY SAKATA

AFFORDABI.E AT I.A!!iT MONOCHROME $69.95
• IBM COMPATIBLE TT L INPUT
COMPUTER • 8 PAGES PER MINUTE . 300 DPI RESOLU TION !
• 1 YEAR WARRANTY . CHO ICE OF EMULATION BOARDS
MULTI·PRINTER EMULATION BOARD :
• 12" NON-G LARE SCREEN
• CABLE FOR IBM PC INCLUDED

CASES
ATT RACTI VE. STUR DY STEEL CAS ES FIT THE POPULAR
EPSON FX-80 EMULATION-NOTHIN G ELSE REQUIRED
IBM PC GRAPHICS. PROPRINTER & DIABLO 630
MONITOR STANOS
SIZED MOTHER BOARDS AND INCLUDE SPEAKERS. EMULATION REQUIR ES ADDITIONAL FONT CARD
HP LJ + EMULATION BOARD : MODEL MS·100 512.95
FACE PLATES. EXPANSION SLOTS. FRONT PANEL
HP LASERJET EMULATION-3 RESIDENT FONTS & • TILTS AND SWIVELS
KEYLOCKS . LED INDICATO RS AND ALL NECESSARY
2 PITCHES ADDITIO NAL FONT CA RD AVAILAB LE • STURDY PLASTIC CONSTRUCTIO N
HARDWARE.
1.5MB RAM CARD $139.95 MODEL MS·200 539.95
EXTRA FONT CARDS $199.95 • TILTS AND SWIV ELS . BU ILT-IN SURGE SUPRESSOR
TONER CARTRIDGES • INDEPENDENT LY CONTROLS UP TO 5 AC OUTLETS
$59.95
PFS FIRST PUBLISHER $99.95

LOIiITECH
MOUSE

XT STYLE FLIp·TOP
r .......
_. ~

· ~~-:>l ·r ;
$34.95
*7g9S
PC MAGAZINE'S EDITORS CHOICE
XT STYLE SLIDE· TOP
AT STYLE SLlDE·TOP
$39.95
$89.95
IBM ALL MODELS HAVE SERIAL SUPPORT (COM1 COM2j . 200
DP.I . RESOLUTION. LOTUS 1-2-3 SHELL. SELF-INSTALLI NG
JR. AT STYLE FLlp·TOP
• INC LUDES 150 WATT POWER SUPPLY
$149.95 COMPATIBLE SOFTWARE AND "PO INT EDITOR"
SERIAL MOUSE WIPC PAINTBRUSH

KEYBOARDS
FUll ONE YEAR WARRANTY
BUS MOUSE WIPC PAINTBRUSH
BUS MOUSE WIPC PAINTBRUSHICAD

IBM ENHANCED STYLE LAYOUT 579.95

POWER • AUTOSENSE FOR XT OR AT COMPATIBLES
, . LED INDICATORS . AUTO REPEAT FEATURE
3.5" FLOPPY
(J)
o
SUPPLIES • SEPARATE CURSOR PAD
MCT·5339
DISK DRIVE~
IBM AT STYL E LAYOUT 559.95
Z
o
a:
f-
FOR IBM XT COMPATIBLE
• UL APP.• 135 WATTS
• + 5V .15A , t 12 V 4.2A
- 5V .5A. - 12V .5A
• SOFTWARE AUTOSENSE FOR XT OR AT COMPATIBLES
• LED INDICATORS . AUTO REPEAT FEATURE
MCT·5060
*fi!g9S ~ "--..-
oUJ PS· 135 ItfAXI-!!iWITCH KEYBDARD!!i
PS-150 150W MODEL $69.95 ENHA NCED STYLE LAYOUT 584.95 • IBM COMPATIBLE DRIVE . AT AND XT VERSIONS
...J AVAILA BLE . FORMATS TO 720K. DS/QD UNDER DOS 3.2
UJ • STANDARD ENHANCED KEYBOA RD LAYOUT • MEDIA COMPATIBLE WITH PS'2 & LAPTOP MACHINES
o FOR IBM AT COMPATIBLE
. 200 WATT S
•
•
TACTIL E FEEDBACK
LIGHTED NUM. CA PS. AND SC ROL L LOCK
• INCLUDES HARDWARE FOR MOUNTING IN 5 14" SLOT
'
is • + 5V 22 A , + 12V SA • NUMERIC & CURSOR KEYPADS. 12 "F' KEYS
• QUIET OPERATION
«
a: - 5V .5A. - 12V .5A MAX·5339
FDD·3.5X (FOR XT)
PS·200 FDD·3.5A (FOR AT)
MAX·5060 MAXI·SWITCH , AT STYLE

CIRCLE 178 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

 DISK DRIVES
' .44 MB 3'1., ' ORIVE
• ULTRA HIGH DENSITY
I/r! HEIGHT DRIVES • ALSO WORKS WITH 720K DISKS
eo MB, liS M!i, !iT-i!i!S .i!i!S.OO FDD·1 .44X-BLACK FDD·1 .44A-BEIGE
WITH MCT·HDC CONTROLLER $26 9. 00
W ITH MCT·ATFH CONTROLLER $339.00
'I.. HEIIiHT FLOPPY DISI( DRIVES
30 MB RLL, liS M!i, !iT-i!3B .i!49.00 5'14" TEAC FD·55B DS/DD 360K
WITH MCT·RLL CONTROLLER $299.00 5'14" TEAC FD ·55G DS IHD 1.2M
WITH MCT·ATFH·RLL CONTROLLER $389.00 5 '14" FUJITSU M2551 A DS/DD 360K
5'1<" FUJITSU M2553K DS IHD 1. 2 M
5'1<" DS IDD 360K
4U MB, 4U M!i, !iT-i!S' Hi!9.00 5'14' DS IHD'l .2M
WAS $649 AN INCRED IBLE PRICE REDUCTION' SAVE $'50 W ITH MCT·HDC CONTROLLER $469.00 3'11" MITSUBISH I DS/DD (AT OR XT)
AND GET MORE MEGABYTES PER DOLLAR THAN EVER W ITH MCT·ATFH CONTROLLER $539.00
BEcOR E, THE ST·277 IS AN RLL DRI VE WITH A FAST 40 MS
ACCE SS TIME'
ST-27 7 FULL HEIGHT DRIVES ARCHIVE XL
W ITH MCT·RLL CONTROL LER
WITH MCT·ATIFH CONTROLLER
$549.00
$639.00
30 MB, 40 MS, ST ·4038
80 MB, 28 MS , ST ·4096
$559.00
$895.00 TAPE BACK-
!/i3699 5
INTERFACE CARDS FROM BACK UP 40 MB IN 40 MINUTES'
• EASY-TO-USE MENU DRIVEN

MODULAR CIRCUIT TECHNOLOGY SOFTWARE

• USES STANDARD
QIC DATA FORMAT
DISPLAY ADAPTORS AT MUL TlI/O CARO .S9.9S • FULL & INCREMENTAL ~
USE WITH MCT·ATFH FOR MINIMU M OF SLOTS USED BACK-UP
MONOCHROME liRAPHIC!i CARO .S9 9S
TRUE HERCUL ES COMPATIBILITY. SUPPORTS LOTUS"23
• SERIAL, PARALLEL AND GAME PORTS. USES '6 450
~~+~i;I~PPORT CHIPS FOR HIGH SPEED OPS
• PART IAL & FULL RESTORE
AR 5240 XT - FOR XT'S & AT'S
1-
~~;:R:L~ig~~~i~~ I~~~~CE<;'~~~~~~~I~~'~~T~'-OR--ATIO:SERIAL=2ND SERIA L:"PORT----$24:95- - A R 5540 AT - AT'S ONLY, 2X FASTER -
TAPE NOT INCLUDED
- - - - -

TA PE CARTR IDGE-40 MB $24 ,95

MC T·MGP
MEMORY CARDS
ENHANCEO liRAPHIC!i AOAPTOR .'49.9S S7liK RAM CARO .S9.9S
100'0 IBM COMPATIBLE, PASSES IBM EGA DIAGNOSTICS
• 256K OF VIDEO RAM ALLOWS 640 X 350 IN '6 OF 64
A CONTIGUOUS MEMORY SOLUTION IN A SHORT SLOT
• USER SELECTABLE CONFIGURATION UP TO 576K
• USES 64K & 256K RAM CHIPS (ZERO K INSTALLED)
i!OMB HARD DISK
COLORS . COMPATIBLE WITH COLOR AND
MONOCHROME ADAPTORS
MC T· EGA
MCT·RAM ONACARD
COLOR liRAPHIC!i AOAPTOR
COMPATIBLE WITH IBM GRAPHICS STANDARDS
H9.9S
• SUPPORTS RGB. COLOR & COMPOSITE MONOCHROME
EXPANOEO MEMORY CARO .'i!9.9S
2 MB OF LOTUS INTEL MICROSOFT COMPATIBLE MEMORY
FOR AN XT • CONFORMS TO LOTUS INTEL EMS . USER
EXPANDABLE TO 2 MB • CAN BE USED AS EXPANDED OR
!/i349
• SAVES SPACE AND REDUCES POWER CONSUMPTION,
CONVENTIONAL MEMORY, RAMDISK AND SPOOLER
• 640 '320 X 200 RESOLUTION, LIGHT PEN INTERFACE • IDEAL FOR PC'S WITH FULL HEIGHT FLOPPIES
MCT·EMS
M CT · CG • LEAVES ROOM FOR A HALF LENGTH CARD IN
MCT·ATEMS AT COMPATIBLE VERSION $139.95 ADJACENT SLOT

MULTIFUNCTION CARDS DRIVE CONTROLLERS

MONOliRAPHIC!i MULTI I/O . . " 9.7S FLOPPY Ol!iK CONTROLLER .i!9.9S
TOTAL SYSTEM CONTROL FROM A SINGLE SLOT' QUALITY DESIGN FOR SINGLE SLOT CONTROL OF 4
• CTRL 2 FLOPPY'S . SERIAL, PARALLEL, GAME PORT. FLOPPY'S . INTERFACES UP TO 4 FDD'S TO AN IBM PC
CLOCK'CAL • RUN COLOR GRAPHICS SOFTWARE ON A OR COMPATIBLE . SUPPORTS BOTH DS,DD AND DS,QD
MONOCHROME MONITOR WITH DOS 32
MCT·MGMIO MCT·FDC

MUL TlI/O FLOPPY CONTROLLER .79.9S '.i! MB FLOPPY CONTROLLER .li9.9S

A PERFECT COMPANION FOR OUR MOTHERBOARDS ADD VERSATILITY AND CAPACITY TO YOUR XT
• SUPPORTS UP TO 2 360K FLOPPIES, 720K WITH DOS 3 2 • SUPPORTS 2 DRIVES, BOTH MAY BE 360K OR 1.2 MB
• SERIAL. PARALLEL. GAME PORT. CLOCK,CALENDAR • ALLOWS DATA TO FLOW FREELY FROM XT'S TO AT'S
MCT·MIO MCT'FDC·1.2
MIO·SER IAL-2ND SER IA L PORT $15.95 I'M WRITING TO EXPRESS MY PLEASURE WITH THE
FLOPPY/HARO CONTROLLER .139.9S PC-XT TYPE COMPUTERS BUILT f ROM MCT COMPONENTS
THAT WE HAVE OBTAINED FRDM YOUR COMPANY, AfTER
MUL TlI/O CARO .S9.9S XT SYSTEM STARVED FOR SLOTS? THIS CARD FREES ONE 3 YEARS Of DAILY USAGE I AM EXTREMELY PLEASED
USE WITH MCT-FH FOR A MINIMUM OF SLOTS USED UP • INTERFACES UP TO 2 FDD'S & 2 HDD·S. CABLING WITH THE LEVEL Of COMPATIBILITY AND PERfORMANC E.
FOR 2 FOOl' HOD. SUPPORTS BOTH DS,DD & DS,QD WITH A RECENT PURCHASE. I WAS ELATED WITH
• SERIAL PORT, CLOCK'CAL ENDAR WITH BATTERY BACK- THE PROMPT MANNER IN WHICH OUR ORDER WAS
UP • PARALLEL PRINTER PORT ADDRESSABLE AS LPT, WITH DOS 32 HANDLED. AFTER DEALING WITH OTHER MAIL ORDER
OR LPT2 MCT·FH fi RMS, I HAVE FOUND ONLY JDR AND 2 OTHER SOfTWARE
MCT·IO VENDORSHELPFUL AND RELIABLE. KEEP UP THE
EXCELLENT WORK. , .
AT/FH CONTROLLER .'49.9S
AT MULTIFUNCTION CARO .139.9S FLOPPY,HARD DISK CO NTROL IN A TRUE AT DESIGN J.R.D.
ADDS UP TO 3 MB OF RAM TO YOUR AT • SUPPORTS UP TO 2 360KI720KI 1.2MB FDD'S AS WELL OMAHA,NE.
• USER EXPANDABLE TO 1.5 MB, OR 3 MB WITH OPTIONAL AS 2 HOD'S USING STANDARD CONTROL TABLES
PIGGYBACK BOARD (0 K INSTALLEDr • INCLUDES MCT·ATFH
SERIAL AND PARALLEL PORT
MCT·ATMF·MC PIGGYBACK BOARD $29.95 RLL Ol!iK CONTROLLER .'99.9S
ATMF SERIAL·2ND SERIAL PORT $24.95 IMPROVE SPEED AND STORAGE OF YOUR AT
COMPATIBLE . SUPPORTS UP TO 2 RLL HARD DISCS AND
2 FLOPPY DRIVES. SUPPORTS 360/72011.2 MB
FLOPPIE S IN 525' & 3.5'
MCT·ATFH,RLL

INBOARD 3BEilPC
$B95.00
UPGRADE YOUR XT TO A 386 FOR LESS THAN $1000
• 16 MHZ PROCESSOR REPLACES 8088 • 1 MB
INSTALLED. EXPAND TO 3MB WITH PIGG YBACK CARD
• 5 YA WARRA NTY

INBOARD 386/AT $1199 .95

ABOVE BOARD PS 286 $399.95
ABOVE BOARD 286 $369.95

111
CIRCLE 179 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
TURBO 4. 77/B MHZ $99.95 Ii! MHZ MINI BOi!B6 $399.95
• 4.77 OR 8 MHZ OPERATION WIT H 8088·2 & OP TIONAL • 6 MHz. 10 MHz (011 WAIT STATE), 12 MHz (1 WAIT STATE)
8087 ·2 CO· PROCESSOR • USES ZYMOS ASIC 'S FOR LESS CHIPS. GREATER
• FRONT PANELLED SPEED INDICATOR AND RESET RELIA BILITY
SWITCH SET SUPPOR TED • SUPPORTS 256K-l024 K MEMOR Y
• CHOIC E OF NORMAUTUR BO MODE OR SOFTWARE • RE·CHARG EABLE HIGH CAPACITY NI·CAD BATT ERY
SELECT PROCESSO R SP EED • 6 16· BIT SLOTS. 2 8·BIT SLOTS
MCT·TURBO • MOUNTS IN STANDARD XT CASE
MCT·XTMB STANDARD MOTHERBOARD $87.95 MCT·BATMB·12
MCT·BATMB 6110MHZ MINI 80286 BOARD $389.95

BOi!B6 6/B MHZ $ 3 7 9 .9 5 16 MHz MYLEX 3B6 $1649.00

•
•
8 SLOT (2 EIGHT BIT. 6 SIXTEEN BIT) AT MOTHERBOARD
HARDWARE SELECTIO N OF 6 OR 8 MHZ
•
•
1 MB RAM ON BOARD
8 SLOTS. 2 8·B IT. 6 16·B IT
10 MHz SINGLE CHIP XT
•
•
1 WAIT STATE
KEY LOCK SUPPORTED. RESET SWITCH. FRONT PANEL
LED IND ICATOR
• SOCK ETS FOR 1 MB OF RAM AND 8028 7
•
•
•
•
SUPPORTS 80287 MATH CO· PROCE SSOR
SUPPORTS 80387 Wi ADAPTOR
64 KB CACHE FOR NEAR 0 WAIT STATE
USES AMI BIOS •
9S
!/ili!9
SINGLE CHIP USES LESS POWER. IMPROVES REliABILITY
• BATTERY BACKED CLOCK MCT·386 MB • KEY SELECTABLE SPEED . 4.77 MHz OR 10 MHz
MCT·ATMB MCT·386 MB·4 4 MB MEMORY INSTALLED $2649.00 • 2.3 TIMES FASTER THAN A STANDARD
MCT·386 MB·MCB MATH CO·PROCESSOR • RESET SWITC H. KEYLOCK AND SPEEDIP OWER
ADAPTOR BOARD $149.00 IND ICATORS SUPPORTED
MCT·TURBO·l0

EPROM 'YEAR
PROGRAMMER WARRANTY ON
MCT PRODUCTS
!/ili!9
9S
PROGRA MS 27 XX & 27XXX EPROMS UP TO 27512 --------------
----; • 30 DAY
MONEY BACK
• SUPPO RTS VARIOUS PROGRAMMING FORMATS AND
VOLTAGES
• SPLIT OR COMBINE CONTENTS OF SEV ERAL EPROMS
GUARANTEE
OF DIFFER ENT SIZES
• READ. WRITE. CO PY. ERASE CHECK AND VERIFY
--- " • TOLL-FREE
• SOFTWARE FOR HEX AND INTEL HEX FORMATS TECHNICAL
MCT·EPROM
MCT·E PROM·4 4 GANG PROGRAMMER SUPPORT
MCT·E PROM·l 0 10 GANG PROGRAMMER
MCT·PAL PAL PROGRAMMER • NEXT DA YAIR
MCT·MP PROCESSOR PROG. SHIP AVAILABLE

CIRCLE 180 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

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CIRCLE 82 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
113
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;!".T.PRlonl(S (0 ,I~.
*. a UALlTYPARTi
*. FAST SHIPPING

ALL E,,5' I 10 AMP SWITCHES

4
TRANSISTORS SOLID STATE M IN IATU RE TOGG LE
S WITC H E S
ATI CASE
TYP E PRICE
PN2222 NPN TO-92 5 for .75
RELAYS all rated 5 Amps

~
N2904 PNP TO-5 3 for $1.00
WE STOCK OVER 4000 ITEMS 2N2906 PNP TO-t8 3 for$1.00 S.P.D .T. (on- on)
PN2907 PNP TO-92 5 for_75 ~.f:S~
( Solder lug terminals.
CALL OR WRITE FOR OUR FREE 2N3055 NPN
PN3569 NPN
TO-3 $1.00each
TO-92 5 for .50
,,~ CAT# MTS-4
$1.00 each
CATALOG OF PARTSl 2N3904 NPN
2N3906 PNP
TO-92 5 for .75
ELECTROL# S2181 10 for $9.00
TRW# OPB815 TO·92 5 for .75
U shaped 2N4400 NPN TO·92 5 for .75 CONTROL:
opto emitte r RESISTORS · CAPACITORS· DIODES· CABLES ·
2N4402 PNP TO·92 5 for .75 Rated 5.5 to 10 Vdc S.P.D.T .(on -on ) ~
2N5400 PNP TO-92 4 for $t .00 will operate on 3-32 Vdc) Non threaded bushing.
and sensor unit. BRIDGE RECTIFIERS · CHOKE COILS· CRIMP 2N5880 PNP TO-3 $2.00 each LOAD: P.C. mount. u'
CONNECTORS· SUB MINIATURE 0 CONNECTORS · 2N5882 NPN TO-3 $2.00each
CAT# OSU -3 10 Amp @ 240 Vac CAT # MTS-40P C 'l~
MJ2955 PNP TO-3 1.50 each
2 for $1.00 CRYSTALS· LAMPS· HEAT SINKS· I.C.'S MJE2955T PNP TO-220 .75 each 2 1/4" X 1 3/4" X 7/8" 75¢ each
C la i rex# ·TRANSISTORS · MOTORS · PROTO BOARDS · MJE3055T NPN TO-220 .75 each CAT# SSRL Y-10 B 10 lor $7.00
CLl 800W POTENTIOMETERS · POWER SUPPLIES · JACKS TIP30 NPN TO-220 .75 each
TIP31 NPN TO-220 .75 each $9.50 each ,
• PLUGS· SWITCHES · PERF BOARD · FANS· 10 for $8.50 each D.P.D.T.(on-on)
U shaped unit TIP32 PNP TO·220 .75 each QUAN TITY DISCOUNT! Solder lug terminals.
with fla nge FUSES· SHRINK TUB ING · TIE WRAPS· TIP41 NPtl TO-220 .75 each
TIP42 PNP TO-220 .75 each
25 for $7.00 each CA T# MTS-8 .
moun t. KEYPADS · VIDEO ACCESSORIES · TOOLS 50 for $6.00 each $2.00 each ,
TIP1 21 NPN TO-220 .75each
CAT# OSU-2 • TRANSFORMERS · TELEPHONE ACCESSORIES TIP1 26 PNP TO· 220 .75each 100 lor $5.00 each 10 for $19.00
75¢ each • S.C.R.'S · RELAYS· WIRE· I.C. SOCKETS
• RIBBON CABLE · CRYSTALS· CIRCUIT
Op to emitte r
BREAKERS · TRANSDUCERS ·VOLTAGE
and sensor on
_ _ REGULATORS ' AND MANY-OTHER ITEMS.....- -
oppos ite sides
of slotte d
opening. P.C. mount.
CAT # ILED-U SWITCHING
2 for $1.00
POWER SUPPLY GRAB ITT PUSH B UTTON
Co mpac t, . well regulated BAGS In MDPL series. 3/4" X 1/2"
gray rectangular key cap.
sw itching power supply
designed to power Texas In- $1. 00 each S.P.S.T. N.O. Push to close.
RATED:
str ument computer equipment.
0.1amp
INPUT : 14-25 Vac @ 1 Amp 50 A SS O RTED switching,
OUTPUT: +5 Vdc @ 1.2 Amp, -5 Vdc @ 200 ma., 12 DIS C CAPS. 0.25 amp
Vdc @ 350 ma oSIZE : 4 3/4" square. Includes 18 Vac Cut leads. Many common carry current. P.C. mount
@ 1 Amp wall transformer designed to ope rate thi s values, some 500 volts. CAT# PB-8 65¢ each
powe r supply. CAT# PS-TX $ 5 .0 0 each CAT# GRABDC 10 for $6.00 ' 100 lor $50.00
10 f or $ 4 5 .0 0 HALL E F FECT
SWITCH
WALL PROTO MICROSWITCH #4BE3
Slanted keyboard
TRANSFORMERS BOARD switch with hall ~.
effect sensor. m
~ffi:~ To
Snaps into 5/8"

ALL PLUG ig l~! ~ ", 0 XENON square chassis

hole. Hall effect
DIRECTLY I~
IQ
'I H ~,
," m
FLASH TUB ES sensor slides easily Irom
INTO
120 VAC i~ ~,II~ II switch and can be used in
other applications.

!~I ~I~,I I ' ~I~

OUTLET CAT# HESW 4 for $1.00
10 for $2.00
6 Vd c @ 20 0 m a o $2 .25 3/4" long X 1/8" diam eter
10 100 lor $15.00
CAT# DCTX-620 CAT# FLT-1 2 for $1.00
6 Vdc @ 7 50 mao $3. 5 0 Large enough to NICKEL- CA D
design most
C AT# DCTX -675
experimenta l circu its.
FULL WAVE (RECH A R GEABLE)

FLASHING 9 Vd c @ 25 0 mao $2 .5 0 BATIERIES

This proto board BRIDGE
CAT # DCTX-925 measures
L.E.D. KIT 12 Vac @ 93 0 m ao $3 .5 0 63/4" X 2 1/2". RE CT IFIERS
Contains main board

T~~;hE~.' S l5~
CAT# A CTX - 12 9 3
and two power buss
18 V a c @ 1 A m p . $3 .50 strips.
unison when
a 9 volt
• CAT#ACT X-18 8 5 C AT# PB-101
$11.00 each
10 AMP
200 P.I.V. m' 600 I 600 OHM
~~::~r:e~s
5/8" SQUARE
.:..::::-:'. W ATER TIGHT ENCLOSURE COUPLIN G A A SI Z E $2 .0 0 each
CAT# FWB· 1020 T RANSFORMER 1.25 Volts 500 mAh
Requires easy assemb ly,
you solder the parts to
the circ uit boar d.
CA T# LED KIT
ROSE# 02081905
Molded fiberglass enclosure
with neoprene gasket.
2" X 3" X 7 1/2". Light blue.
$1.00 each, 10 lor $9.00
25 AMP
RATING
1 1/8" SQUARE
P"i'~8
~
I)
60~.?hm
P.C. mount --,
(1_ CAT# N C B · A A
AA SI Z E $2.20 each
WITH SOLDER TABS
CAT# NCB-SAA
$ 1.50 each CAT# WP-90 5 $7 .50 eac h metal epoxy filled case 1" centers C SI Z E $4 .2 5 each
20 0 P.I.V. $2 .50 each on mounting tabs. 1.2 Volts 1200 mAh
LI GHT EMITTING DIODES (L. E.D.) C A T# FWB·25 1
400 P .I .V. $3 .00 each
1" X 3/4" X 7 /8"
CAT# CPTX
CAT# NCB· C
D SIZE $4 .25 each
LED HOLDER C A T # FW B-254
C/)
Two piece holder.
$1.25 each 1.2 Volts 1200 mAh
a CAT# HLED
600 P.I .V. $3 .50 e ac h 10 for $11.00 CAT# NCB-D
Z 10 for 65¢
o STORES: MAfL ORDERS TO: TOLL F R E E
a: LOS ANGELES ALL ELECTR ONICS 80 0·82 6-5432
f- 905 S. VERMONT AV E.
a
ill
LOS ANGELES, CA 90006 P.O. BOX 567
IN FO: (81 8)9 04 -0 524
(213)380 -8000 VAN NUYS. CA
...J FAX: (818 )781-2653
ill 9 1408 QUAHnTlES UWIltD
o B I-P O L A R LE D VAN NUYS TELEX: TWX.5 1010101U
MIHi WUW ORDERS $10.00
CALIf. ADO . ...U S TAX
C!C
.".
Lights RED one ~
£5 6228 SEPULVEDA BLVD.
Al l ElECTRONICS
utAl UllO llHl Pf"lMQ

«
a:
direction, GREEN the
other. Two leads.
VAN NUYS, CA 91411
(8 18}9H-18 06
FOREIGN CVS10wns SEND ' 1.$0
fO l'lllGK 01'10(11$ IMCUIOE
-.ur' ICIEHT SHlI'fI'IMa.
~
~
POSTAGE FOA FAEE CATALOGII IfO C.O.o.
CAn LED-6 2 for $17.00

114 CIRCLE 107 O N FREE INFORMATION CARD

'\j\Jhat's New at " The Sourc e " of the
elec tro -mechanical components
AMERICAN DESIGN COMPONENTS? for the hobbyist.

W e warehouse 60,000 items at 5%" , FULL-HEIGHT

American Des ign Compon en ts - 10Mb
e xpensive , often hard-to-find com-
5 %" FULL HEIGHT
DISK DRIVES -
3 % " MICRO FLOPPY
DI S K
5 % ", 1.2Mb
HA LF - H EIG H T
HARD 48 TPI (IBM ~ Compatible ) DRIVE DISK DRIVE
pon ents for sale at a fraction of their DS/DD, 40 Trac k
~
original cost! DISK
Tandon #TM 10 0 -2 or equiv .
You'll find eve ry part yo u need - DRIVE Item #7928 $79,00 New
e ithe r brand new or rem ove d from 2 for $150 .00 New
equipment (RFE) in exce llent condition. 48 TPI (TRS8 0 /Zenith/Xe rox
But qu antities are limited. Order from 800 Compat. JDS/DD, 40Trac k
this a d, or visit our retail showroom Shugart #4 50 . Item #1892,
and find exactly what you ne ed from 1 Mb (unf orma tt ed) . 135 TPI ,
$79 .00; 2 for $150 .00 3 rns, acce ss t ime . Power requir e-
the thousands of item s on display. 48 TPI. SS /SD , 40 Track m ent s: + 12V , + 5V . (Remove d
ST41 2 Compatible. IBM~ AT Compatible
OPEN MON. - SAT., 9-5 Shugart #SA400. Item #1895. f rom op eration al computers -
$39.50; 2 for $75.00 Mfr - Test ed - Like New!
NEC, model FD 1035
4 8/9 6 TPI, 1.2 Mb
96 TPI, DS/Quad Density Doub le side , high density; 160
Item #17171 $79.00 ea. t racks. Mfr - Panasonic #J U· 47 5
Item #17199 $99 .00 ea CDC # 91 ;~~~ 1 89 3 $89.00 2for $ 1 5 0 . 0 0 Item #10005 $109.95 New
* * * * *
TIMEX-SINCLAIR. . . FANS
115 CFM MUFFIN<'.l EXTERNAL
DISK DRIVE CHASSIS
2040
PRINTER
50 160 Hz.;
12W. Low
(Less 115VAC noi se-leve l With
f ans . Can be 60W

tiiii~i~:]~
60Hz., mo un te d fo r blowin g or exhaus t . powe r
No w iring nee. 21W.. supply
(just plU9S to-
printer) 28A., 1 Thin - 00

(f an cooled).
gethe.!1J:io.o!s:.up-, 3100 RPM , 5-blade model, alumin- Conta in !!JLR lastic blad es. Can acco mm odate :- I-
diag ram inc ! um hou sing . Can be mounted for 0 rmen5io ns :- 3 '.' " sq. x 1 " deep
Mfr -- Tobishi #U920 18 2 full ht . drives our item #7928
Includes : keyboard , 1 cassette digita l data blowi ng o r exhaust. 2 floppydrives #1904
drive. 2 game controllers , power supp ly & 32 column - comp atible w / any Dimens ions : 4 \ '/1l~ "sq . x 1 Y2" deep
Item #109 60 $7. 9 5 RFE 1 harddrive& 1 floppy #13250
one cas sette . Capab le of run ning CP/M , of th e Time x-Sinclair computers,
NEW - MI~~~~~864 $ 9.95 Con 1 Y, Standard _ 00 Input: 115 / 2 30 V , 50 160 Hz .
haslt~~t~~~10bd p~~r;:,;7e~~ _ $99.00 Uses standard 4 %" thermal paper. USED - Mfr: CentaurlHoward
as we ll as our PC 8300 Computer. ta ins 7 meta l blades.
Mfr - Rotron #SU2A1
Originally fo r Burroughs computer .
Dim.: 11"W x 8"H x 12" deep
Accessories . . . Item #15851 $39 .95 New Item #534 5 $5 .95 Item #5970 $7 .95 New Item #14 541 $59 .50
DATA DRIVE item #6641 $19.95 PC 8300 STEPPING MOTO RS Fig . 2 MAGNIFYING
Shaft 1 1 8 " L
HOME COMPUTER for ROBOTICS . .. » LAMP
PRINTER POWI~~mS:;:~~Y $14.95 r Precis ion steppe rs '<J~Q
x ' ." dia .
w i th incremen ts ~ ~
ASCII KEYBO~~~ #6643 $19 .95 from 1 to 7. 5 °. .::.\~
Sp eeds up to tI
CONTROLLERS ISet of 4) - 5, 0 0 0 ste ps.
Item #70 13 $9 .95 RFE
Shaft Y2" L x
ADAM CASSETTES-
(Consist ing of Smart Basic, Buck Rogers &
blank casse;1eKk~~; fJi:: _
$1 9 .95 It em
Stall
St ep Vo lt s Torqu e
ADAMLINK MODEM - (Softwareinc/.I' No. Angle DC lozllnl Type Mfr. & Part No. Fig Price
Item #12358 $29.95 5275 1.8 1.8 72 PM SuperiorEiectric 2
HIGH RESOLUTION 2 CD M061-FF-62018
7630 .8 3.0 200 PM Superior Electric
TTL MONITORS M092-FT-402
(Open Frame) 16410 1.8 12.0 A pplied Motion
Prod. 40 17-839

12V @450 ma
Conta ins 10 AA cells. Rech arge
rat e: 45 rna . 16 - 18 hours .
Dim .: 2 1.'HI " H x 1 1,4 HW x 2 \s/16" L
Mfr - GE 123233 or equiv.
Item #5443 $ 5 .95 New
" D" CELLS
""........1lII.

., .
AMERICAN DESIGN COMPONENTS , 62 JOSEPH STREET, MOONACHIE, N,J. 07074 MINIMUM
DS1216 is a 28-pin, 6 -wide dipsocket wi
00

built-in CM OS wa tc h functi on . Non-vo latile YES! Please s end me the fo llow ing it e m s : D My c heck or mon ey orde r is e nclose d. ORDER
RA M controller and lithium energy source . Ac - Item How D Charge my c red it ca rd . $15.
cepts either 24 -pin 2K x 8 or 28 -pin 8K x 8 No Many' Description Price Total D Visa D Mas te r Card D Ame x RE-788
CMOS stat ic RA M . Com mu nicat ion w /Sm art
Watch fu nction is est ablished by pattern re- Card No.
cog nition on a serial bit st ream of 64 bits on
D .O. Mf r: Dallas Sem iconductor Exp. Date
Item #15939 New - $29 .9 5 Signa tu re
5 -WATT 'AUDIO Te lephone : Area Code Number
POWER Total Name
Shipping & handling, we ship UPS unless I----
AMPLIFIER
othe rwise specif ied. Add $ 3 plus 10 % t ot al. Add ress
in a CHIP - Pall "'"09 Canadian: $3 plus P.O. cost. Charge only.
SGS 8305 IIVith
cc
S/JppI. Sales Tax IN.J. residents only,
I---- City
Freq. response: 40 to 10 Khz .. .3 % eL-e'}- elt)ell please add 6% of totall I---- State Zip
d isto rt ion . Input sensitivity : 50mv . Power t ~
Oreler. ORDER TOTAL All inquirie s and free catalog requests call 20 1-939-2710. CD
req .: 4 -20 VDC . Id eal for bu ilding cus t om ~
CO
amplifiers , et c . It em # 1 5 3 9 0 .
$ 5.95 ea.: 2 for $10.00
For all phone orders, call TOLL-FREE 8 00-524 -0 809 . In New J erse y, 20 1-939 -2710. CO

CIRCLE 106 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD 115

 'TE'MW.4. Micro Iron
• 16 watt. 117VAC • Small size ideal·for soldering ICs
• Low wattage for heat sensitive devices
#21·775

TE'NM.4.
12Volt Soldering Iron
• This iron is specially designed for the
autosound installer. Fast heat-up and
recovery heating element. 7', 18 gauge
cord with 12V cigarette lighter plug
#21·780

Pistol Grip Joystick ,

• To be used with Atarl, Commodore and
~

,
other VCS compatible systems. Three .,
, ,
."
firing buttons. 4'12' cord with 9 pin plug .)"'

. ....,.
• >
~

#83·765
, .':
.,'" ....
Replacement Joystick . ~'J ' ."
• Quality replacement joyst ick for Atari \\~ ,;),
video games. 4'12' cord with 9 pin plug
• Atari # CA012994-3
#83·080

TF Solvent
• Non-toxic solvent dissolves
accumulated dust and oxide particles
adhering to heads, restoring clear
contact for better recording and playback
• Non-conductive, leaves no residue
• Contains 100% virgin freon TF • New
adjustable nozzle adjusts spray force
• 16 oz. aerosol can. 12 cans per
case
#20·490

Circuit Cooler
• Will not leave residue. Cools circuits
instantly for rapid location of heat related
problems • Adjustable spray nozzle. 16
oz. • 12 cans per case
#20·220

... AND FOR MORE QUALITY PARTS,

LOOK INSIDE OUR FREE CATALOG!

MCM ELECTRONICS
S5S E. CONGRESS PARK DR.
CENTERVILLE, OH 45459-4072
A PREMIER Comoeny
CIRCLE 87 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
 lIadl8/haek Etart I Etlaee™_......
ELECTRONICS VALUES AT OUR STORE NEAR YOU
"Hotline" service Switch Selection Ham package and "How-To" Book

(1)
(1) SPOT Lighted. 3 amps at
120 VAC. 12-volt lamp.
#275-676 6.49 (1) Includes Two (2)
SPST Push-On/Off. 3 amps at Cassettes Great Beginner Book
Your Radio Shack store manag er 125 VAC. #275-1565 .... . 1.99
can special-ord er a hug e variety (2) Momentary SPST Push- (1) Novice License Exam Package. Become a Ham ! Everything you
of parts not in our catalog: tubes, On/Off. 3 amps at 125 VAC. need to prepare for the new voice/dig ital class FCC exam . Two instruc-
ICs , trans ist ors, crys tals and #275-1566 1.89 tiona l audio tapes, plus practice exam questions and answers .
much more. No minimum .order, (3) Mini SPOT Relay. 1 amp at #62-2402 19.95
no postage. Delivery time , about 125 VAC. Coil : 6-9 VDC , 500 (2) Getting Started in Electronics. " Hands on" introdu ction featuring
one week! ohm. #275-004 2.99 basic electronics projects . 128 pages. #276-5003 2.49

Sight In Sound Builder Bargains computer and peripheral Hookups

_ (1) _(~) (1) (2) Solder-Type "0 " Submini Connectors

(2)
Fig. Type Cat. No. Each
(ll High-Torque Motor. 1.5-3 1 Male 9 276-1537 1.49
(1) Big Red LED. VDC, approx. 8300 RPM . 2 Femal e 9 276-1538 2.49
#276-064 3.49 #273-223 89C 3 Hood 9 276-1539 1.19 First Quality
(2) Brilliant Red LED. (2) 1: 1 Audio Tra nsformer.
#276-066 1.19 600-900 ohms imped ance. Data Connectors
Type Pos. Cat. No. Each
(3) Tri·Sound Siren. Three 80- #273-1374 3.49 (4) RS·232 Modular Jack Adapter
dB output s. #273-072 . . . . 5.95 (3) Magnet Wire. Three spool Male 25 276-1547 1.99 Kit. For interoff ice local area net-
(4) 12VDC IC Chime. set-22, 26, 30 gauge . Female 25 276-1548 2.99 working. For 2,4,6 wire hookups .
#273-071 8.69 #278-1345 4.79 Hood 25 276-1549 1.29 #276-1405 2.99

Coax Cable Tools Rare Values project Bonanza IC "Talk" Sale!

(1)

(1) (2) (3) (2)

(1) (3)
(1) Vented Metal Cabinets.
(1) CPu/RAM Backup Cap. For 3'/. x 2'/8 x 4". #270-251 . . 2.99 (1) Speech Synthesizer. Cut 23%.
CMOS mic ropr ocessors . 0 .1 4 x 23/a x 6". #270·252 . . . 3.99 Interfaces with most PCs. Requires
(1) Stripper. For a ll popular farad, 5.5 INV. #272-1440 . . 2.95 4'/. x 3 x 57/8". #270-253 .. 5.79 3.12MHzcrystal (special-order). Reg.
sizes. #278-240 11.95 (2l Dual-Ganged 335 pF Cap. (2) Panel-Mount Fuse Holder. $12.95. #276-1784 Sale9.95
(2) Cutter. Blades do not flatten pC mount. Knob, pinout. Squar e bezel. UL recogniz ed. (2l RS-232 Adapter. 30% Off. Pre-
cable, preserve impedance. #272-1337 4.95 #270-365 1.49 programmed 8-bit processor trans-
#278-244 5.95 (3) 6-50 pF Trimmers . PC/ (3) Panel -Mount DC Voltmeter. lates serial port data into control data
for #276-1784 above. Requires 10
(3) Professional Crimper. perfboard mount. o to 15 volts DC. MHz crystal (special-order).
#278-243 14.95 #272-1340 . . . . . Pkg . of 2/1 .59 #270-1754 7.95 Reg. 16.95. #276-1786 .. . Sale11.88

Autoranging VOM Logic Probe & RS-232 Mini Tester AC Outlet voltage
Pulser Spike Protectors
(1)
1695
With
Probes

Operate from 4.7 to 15 VDC. Ob-

Just select the func tion, and it
does the rest! Digital display rnul-
timeter measures to 1000 volts
DC, 500 volts AC, DC current to
200 rnA. Resistance to 2 meg-
ohms. With test leads. Batteries
extra. #22-188
tain power from circuit under test.
(1l Probe. " Peek inside " TIL,
LS and CMOS digital ci rcuits.
Color-coded LEDs. #22-303
(2) Pul ser. Single sus pulse or a
conti nuous 5 Hz pulse train at the
push of a button . #22-304
Diagnose interface problems in
micros and peripherals yourself ,
withou t costly outside repairs.
Dual-color LEDs indicate stat us
of TD, RTS, DSR, CD, RD,CTS
and DTR lines. Connects inline.
#276-1401
(1) Heavy-Duty Single Outlet.
Rated 15 amps at 120 VAC.
#61-2792 9.95
(2) Triple Outlet. Ideal for pro-
tecting audio/video systems. Sta-
tus indicator light. 15 amps, 120
VAC. #61-2793 14.95

Over 1000 it ems in stock: Bind ing Posts, Boo ks , Breadboards, Buzzers, Capacitors, Chokes,
Clips, Coax, Connectors, Fuses , Hardware, ICs, Jacks, Knobs, Lamps, Multitesters, PC Boards, ltadlO IhaeK
Plugs, Rectifiers , Resis to rs, Switches, Tools, Transformers, Wire , Zeners and Mor e! The Technology Storer..
Prices apply at participating Radio Shack stores and dealers A DIVISION OF TANDY CORPORATION (0
00
00
CIRCLE 78 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
117
 ADVERTISING INDEX
RADIO-ELECTRONICS does not assume any responsibility fo r errors tha t may appear in th e ind ex belo w.

Free Information Number Page

81 A.I. S. Satellite . 99 82 Digi-Key . . . . 113 McGraw Hill Book Club 36
108, 176 AMC Sa les 82 88 ETE Enginee ring . . . 99 61 Microprocessor s Unlld. . . . 92
AMCOM 104 Electro nic Techn ology Today . . . 30 204 Movie Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
107 All Electro nics . .. 114 Electronics Book Club . . . . . . . . . . 25 199 Music Q uest. . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Amazi ng Devices . . . . 102 121 Fluke Ma nufacturi ng . . . . . . . . . . .8 1 NRI. . . 18
106 America n Design Compo nents 115 194 Fordha m Radi o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. CV4 196 Needha m . . . 92
84 Appliance Serv ice 98 205 G. D.C . Computers . . . . . . . . . . .92 72 NuScope Associates . .. 92
76 Associated Electronics/3M 24 Gra ntha m Col. of Engineering 77 203 Nutro nix . . .82
77 B&K Precision . . . 3 Heath 78 Pacific Cable 103
250-255 B&K . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 65 j & W. .. . . .. . .. . . 32 56 Parts Express . . . . . . . I 18
186 Bann er Technica l Books . . . . . 82 202 j .B. Electro nics . . . . 99 68, 201 Philips ECG . . . . . . . . . 96
85 Blue Star Industries . . . 99 59 jDR Instrum ents . . . 23 260-264 Philips ECG . . 96
109 C & S Sales . . . 33 113, 177 jDR Microd evices. . 108, 109 78 Rad io Shac k . . . . ... I 17
C. O.M .B. . . . . 35 178, 179 jDR Microdevices. . . 110. II I 187, 188 Sencore . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 31
- - - 60 - - C IE . . . . . . . . . 8- - 180 - - j DR-Microdevices 112 - 51 Silicon Valley Surpl us . . . . 102
50 Caig Laboratories . . 78 114 Jameco 106. 107 197 Simpson . . . . . . . .. 7
54 Chemt ronics 16 115 j ensen Tools 99 83 Synergetics . . . . . . . . . . . .. 70
192 Chenesko Products 99 j oseph Electro nics 27 195 Talking Technology . . . . 92
Comma nd Pr odu ctio ns 73 193 Kelvin 79 92, 182 Tektro nix CV2, 13
58 Cook 's Institute 24 181 Kikusui 29 183, 184 Tektro nix IS, 17
191 Crystek 75 200 M Test Eq uipment. 98 185 WPT Publicat ions 100
189 Daetron 28 87 MCM Electro nics 116 190 Weka Publi shing CV3
Damark Intern ation al. 40 53 MD Electro nics 73 198 Z World 92
127 Deco Industries 98, 99 93 Ma rk V. Electro nics 105

Gernsback Publications, Inc.

500-B Bi -County Blvd ,
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Pres ident: Larry Steckler
b1111- Vice Presid e nt : Cathy .Steckler
Eleclra Ics For Adv ertising ONLY
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MPIONEER' MPIONEER'
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9
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10"WOOFER 8" POLY WOOF ER Shelli Weinman
Heavy du ly paper co ne w ith 20 oz.
magnet. 60 walls RMS, 90 watts
Clear rtbbed polypropylene cone
60 walls AMS, 90 walts max
power. 20 oz. magnet. 35-2500 Hz.
(RE-BBS) a dve rtising associate
Lisa Strassman
max. Response: 35-3.500 Hz.
' 290-083 118" $1690
4-8 o hm com pat ible .
11290-055 120" $1895
516-293-2283 credit manage r
(1-3) ("·UP) Christina Estrada
(1-3) ("· UP)
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M PIONEER' Call or write today for The more you use it the
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118
~ major NEW publication
or anyone with a real
interest in electronics
iThis brand new MODERN AMATEUR
ELECTRONICS MANUAL provides
~ou with a single comprehensive
and practical reference work-to
keep you completely up-to-date with
all aspects of amateur electronics.

Ifyou'reexcitedabout electronics...ifyouwanttounderstand,
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THE MODERN AMATEUR ELECTRONICS MANUAL book-a sturdy, well-built looseleafbinder.
..i he majorguideandreference volumeintheelectronicsfield.
IMPORTANT: WEKA Publishing
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Now with THE MODERN AMATEUR ELECTRONICS of parts and service.
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Everything fortheelectronics hobbyist.

THE BASICS. Learn aboutmeasurement COMPONENTS. Needcapacitors,
instruments-neon bulbvoltage inductors, semi-conductors, switches,
indicators, VOMs, VTVMs. Build your relays andmanyotherkindsofelectronic
own circuit boards. Checkout the hardware? Check the MANUAL. You
MANUAl:sprinted-on-film PCB layouts, will find descriptions and sourcesand MONEY BACK
ready to transferto copper cladboards veryoftenalternative possibilities. GUARANTEE
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stereo, VC R, compact disc,and other Use BAS IC or otherlanguages; it's all pletely satisfied
audioequipment is provided. in the MANUAL. Modems, bulletin with any book
ASSEMBLY. Hobbyists interestedin boards,graphic cards, and muchmore
are allexplained. you orderfrom
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Fordhalll
measuresup
Quality • Price • Delivery
Mini-Meten with Maxi-Specs
SCOPE 3V2 Digit
LCD Meter
• 0.5% Accuracy • DC Volt·
age • AC Voltage • DCCur-
rent • Resistance • Diode
Test• Battery Life 300 Hrs.
• Overload Protection: DC
5rxN, AC 35(JJ, ohms 250V
DC I AC.
~Y.~~~e30 $2995
Zippered carrying case
CC-30 $4 .50
SCOPE Hand-Held Digital Multimeten
• Overload protection • Auto-decimal LCD readout • Polarity indication
• 300 hr. 9V battery life • Low battery indicator.
• 8 Function, 'Jl I
ranges including
Transistor and
Capacitance
measurements
Model DVM-636
$6750
Our Price
CA-92 Deluxe Padded Case for DVM meters. $9.95
TL-216Transistor and Capacitance Test Leads$9.90
'Ielephone Orders Nowi
I'
ASK FOR FREE CATALOG. Money orders, checks accepted. C.O.D.'s
Fordham ~~e 800·645·9518
260 Motor Parkway, Hauppauge, NY 11788
NEW!
SCOPE Frequency Counters
• 8-<ligit LED • Compact· lightweight
• High performance' Automatic
range and Hold function' High
stability inreference oscillator.
Model FC·7011 ~1 69 95
100 MHz Our Prlcr
Model Fe-7051 $24995
L- ----I 550 MHz Our Price
FORDHAM Frequency
Counter
• 10 Hz • 150 MHz Range • 7-digit
LED display' VHF I HF selection
• Gate time1sec., 5sec. • ±1count
accuracy.
Model ~:;~~i~e$13990
NEW
FORDHAM Function
Generator
• 0.5 Hz -500 KHzin6ranges • Sine,
square & triangle wave forms • VCA
and VCF inputs • Accuracy ±5% of
full scale.
NEW! SCOPE 3V2 Digit LCD Model FG·202
Our Price
$14990
SCOPE 3V2 Digit,LCD withAutoranging
8Function with • 0.5% Accuracy' AutoI FORDHAM Signal Tracer I
Transistor Tester Manual range selection
• DC Voltage' AC Voltage Injector
• 0.50/0 Accuracy' Audible • AC Current. DC Current • Easy to operate • VU meter• Two
continuity and diode test • Resistance. LED mode indicators' 1 KHz test
• 10 Amp measurement tone • 8ohmspeaker • Test leads.
~y'~~~:1 $49 95
• Resistance • DC lAC
Voltage.
Model SE.61~ $11990
Model
DVM·632
Reg. $60.00 $4495 Special
Our Pnce
Our Price
Zippered carrying case Deluxe carrying case
CC-30 $4 .50 CA·92 $9.95 FORDHAM LCR Bridge Meter
• Fully transistorized • 1 KHz signal
generator • Measures resistance
• Inductance • High mechanical and
electrical stability • Battery operated.
Model ~::3p~l~e$14995
• 11 Function, 38
ranges including Logic
Level Detector, Audible
and Visual Continuity, !-?"'-""""'........- -, SCOPE Digital
Capacitance and Capacitance Meter
Conductance
measurements • Dig~ LCDdisplay • LS I-circu~ • High
accuracy: 100 rpm0.5% • Broadtest
Model DVM-638 range • Fast sampling time • Capacitor
discharge protection • Compact, light·
$8750 weightdesign • One-hand operation.
Our Price
Model DCM·602
Our Price $5995
rn.
EVERYDAY INCLUDING SATURDAY Service & Shipping Charge Schedule
• Mon. - Fri. 8 a.m . • 8 p.m. EST. Sat. 9 a.m . • .3 p.m. EST Continental U.S.A.
requi~ 25% deposit ' VISA' I FOR ORDERS
$25-100
ADD
$4 .50
$101-250 .. $8.00
S251·5OO . $1100
S50 1·75O . . . . . . $10.50
$751-1,000 . $12.50
$1.001-1.soo . . $1li5O
$1.501-2,000 . .. ..... • $20 .00
$2 .001 and Up . . $25-00
In NY State 800·832·1446