CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
1.0 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
In today's world, switches have become an integral part of our lives, from
your mobile phone to various security systems, they can be seen wherever
even the sound of your car horn is a kind of switch used to warn people.
and cars in front of you. The sole purpose of the switch is to activate or
deactivate a device. This can be a visual indicator such as a flashing light, or
a switching circuit such as an audible alarm or siren. it is more widely
accepted because it is capable of awakening both the unconscious and the
outsider [Tokhiem RL, 1999].

This work is done on the sound switch. The clap on / off switch is
designed to automate real devices using clap signals.
The word "switch" is a very common name that is found in almost all
aspects of electrical / electronic engineering. Switches are used in computer
information technology, telecommunications, power electronics, electrical
systems, instrumentation, and more. Many people or organizations have
defined them in different ways. Some transformation definitions are listed
below [Tokhiem RL, 1999];

 As a device that is used to break or stop the flow of charges in a circuit.

 As a device used to connect two or more computers together
 A device used to interrupt the flow of electrons in a circuit.

All the above definitions are correct, but for this project we are going to
define a switch as a device which can be used to control the action of an
electrical load, by allowing or obstructing the flow of the electrical signal
sent it [Tokhiem R. L, 1999]

1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT

 In industries such as petroleum or chemical, some production

processes have been started or stopped due to accidental switching
of equipment / machinery resulting in injury or death, which can
stress the company's economy.
  In the radioactive process, manual switching poses great health
hazards to the operator due to the side effects of exposure to the
radioactive elements.
 Manual switching is a difficult task for disabled people / people with
disabilities and the elderly due to movement constraints.
 Sometimes we become victims of electric shock from our appliances
when we try to turn them on / off due to current leakage from
electrical switches.

1.2 PROJECT MOTIVATION

The motivation of this project is to fulfil the following;

 To reduce stress when walking from one end to the other or from room
to room in a building, turn the devices on / off.
 The provision of remote switching helps to safe guard operators and
equipment.
 To ensure a reliable and safe method of switching domestic and
industrial devices.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT

The goal of this project is to construct a device that can be used to turn
devices on and off using a clap signal. This device is built on the basis of a
transistor.

1.4 SCOPE OF PROJECT

The scope of this work is defined by the following points

 The switching interface in this project is universal, since it is not limited
to one type of load.
 The clap/sound signals received by the computer will not be limited to
just one person
 Not limited to low-voltage, low-current AC / DC applications with a
maximum operating voltage of 240 V.
  The type of control used in this project is a simple on / off control of
device.

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF PROJECT

The completion of this project will greatly benefit our increasingly

demanding and developing society. Some of the benefits include;

 Going from one point to another to change a switch will be a thing of the
past
 Accidental switching of devices will be reduced to a minimum in our
industries and homes.
 Our factories and homes will become more convenient for people with
disabilities.

1.6 ADVANTAGES OF PROJECT

 High accuracy
 Elimination of manpower
 Energy efficient
 Low cost and reliable circuit

1.7 PROJECT LIMITATION

 The clap switch works well in a place with minimum noise.

 The clap switch is very sensitive to sound, because the sensor used is
Sound Module which is likely detects any kind of sound.

1.8 APPLICATION OF PROJECT

The main benefit of a clap switch is that you can turn something (e.g a
light) on and off from anywhere in the room (for e.g while lying in bed) by
simply clapping your hands. The main application concerns an elderly
person or a person with disabilities. Clap/sound switches are commonly
used for lights,
televisions, radios, or similar electronic devices that a person wants to turn
on / off