Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM

Introduction

Technology has played an important role in the daily lives of the people. There

have been a number of inventions and innovations discovered and most of those have

been out in the market. Remote control, because of its ability to control over

equipments from a distance without having to move around has always been

considered a novelty. It makes a system simple to understand and execute, a system

that would be affordable, reliable and easy to maintain. It also offers convenience in

everyday living especially when watching television by switching manually the

channel every time you wanted to see something new, which would be time

consuming if you had hundreds of channels to choose from. The system seeks to

develop a system that is cost effective without sacrificing its efficiency.[1]

At homes, there are more lights and electric fans than any other appliances.

Most electric fans with remote controller are being offered at noticeably electric fans

with remote with high prices. Filipino families who have meagre incomes could not

afford the same ordinary convenience that the well-off have. With these scenarios,

developing universal remote for electric fans and lights could extend ordinary peoples

comfort.

The researchers concentrated the topic in controlling the fan and light by using

ordinary remote. This idea is inspired by watching on internet videos where different

appliances are controlled in different ways. The researchers have a background in this

specialization, which served as an advantage and also a challenge of what the

researchers learned and how the researchers applied it on this research. Picture a

1
scenario where one can put the bedroom lights on and off, turn the ceiling fan on by

pressing any buttons of the same remote control. It is an additional comfort that does

not require one to be rich to afford.

Statement of the Problem

The main concern of this study was to create a device using remote control

that switches off/on a fan and a light. It will also seek answers to the following

questions:

1. What electrical/electronic components will be used in creating the device?

2. What are the necessary tools/materials to be used?

3. What is the level of acceptability of remote control in terms of:

a. safety

b. cost- effectiveness

c. durability

d. user- friendly

e. number of appliances to be controlled

Scope and Delimitation

The researchers limit this study in controlling the fan and lights by using the

remote control with the distance of three to eight meters. When other object blocks

the infrared it may cause difficulties. The remote can control the on and off power of

the fan and light and also the limited voltage that can control the power of fan and

2
light is 230 volts. It can control three lights and one fan. The device is for single phase

only and its amperage rating is 20 amperes.

Significance of the Study

The study could benefit the following individuals or groups:

Consumers. The product serves as an additional choice among product consumers

especially for comfort.

Entrepreneurs. This study provides an innovation that the manufacturers can

develop and promote to suit the tastes and needs of the consumers.

Technologists. To encourage them to improve and innovate a remote that control

lightings and fans.

Technology teachers.This study helps to provide and illustrate work by which future

research students may encourage to work and specialize on.

Students and future researchers. This study will benefit the students who are

interested in research studies. This will serve as their guide in making their research.

School. This study will be used as basis for demonstration that can enhance the

learning of the students.

3
 NOTES

1
Design and Implementation of Remote controlled fan Regulator
http://www.ijareeie.com

4
 Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies which are deemed

related to the present study. It likewise includes the Synthesis- of- the- Art, Gap

Bridged of the Study, Theoretical Framework, Conceptual Framework and Definition

of Terms.

Related Literature

A remote control is an electronics device component used to control television

set, DVD player etc. Originally, is used for operating another device wirelessly from a

short line-of-sight distance. Nowadays, Remote control has continually evolved and

advanced to include motion sensor, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth connectivity, GPS to enable

capabilities and voice control. [1]

Usually, remote controls are operating throughout

two ways: IR and radio signals. The remote controls used to issue commands from a

distance to any other consumer electronics device. Remote controls are usually small

wireless handheld model while it is rarely come as wired object specially nowadays

we can say that there is no more such remotes. The user just press with an array of

buttons for adjusting different setting settings ex. change channel, increase volume.

Most of the electrical device has its own control bottom but the remote is used only

for easier usage and more convertibility. At the same time most of the remote controls

communicate with their electric device through an infrared signal while a few via

radio signals. However, the first remote controls were using ultrasonic tones in 1973.

The remote controls its electric device trough specific code which must be different

from any other device code because if so there will be wrong reading for the signal

which is usually happen during using of radio wave.[2]

5
 (RKE) is an electronic access system that can be controlled from a distance.

RKEs, which are typically used to remotely lock or unlock doors, require the end user

to initiate an action that will cause a physical or software key fob to transmit a radio

signal to a receiver that controls an electronic lock. Typically, the action is to press a

button on a physical fob or mobile app. Remote keyless entry, which is commonly

used to protect vehicles from theft, can be contrasted with passive keyless entry

(PKE), which does not require any action on the part of the end user. Most RKEs

operate at a frequency of 315 MHz for North America-made cars and

at 433.92 MHz for European, Japanese and Asian cars. Modern systems since the

mid-1990s implement encryption as well as rotating entry codes to prevent car thieves

from intercepting and spoofing the signal. A controller chip in the receiver changes

the exact frequency required for RKE each time the lock is accessed, a security

feature known as rolling code or hopping code.At a minimum, modern systems have

40-bit security, for a possible near-trillion rolling codes. The rolling codes are chosen

by a pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) and the fob and lock controller are

synchronized each time the fob is used. Because a new code is generated after each

use, momentary access to a fob will not provide permanent access. The chance of

opening a lock on another person’s car, given that they use the same RKE system for

instance, is estimated to be about a one in a billion.[3]

With the wide spread use of cellular networks, this approach is also popular

when small amount of data is to be transferred through the network. Extensive work

has been carried out by researchers using this approach especially in medical field.

(Chen Peijiang and Jiang Xuehua, 2008) describe a remote monitoring system based

on SMS of GSM. The system includes two parts which are the monitoring center and

the remote monitoring station. The monitoring center consists of a computer and a

6
TC35 GSM communication module. The computer and TC35 are connected by

RS232. The remote monitoring station includes a TC35 GSM communication module,

a MSP430F149 MCU, a display unit, various sensors, data gathering and processing

unit. (Scanaill et al., 2006) developed a tele-monitoring system, based on short

message service (SMS), to remotely monitor the long-term mobility levels of elderly

people in their natural environment. Mobility is measured by an accelerometer-based

portable unit, worn by each monitored subject. The portable unit houses the Analog

Devices ADuC812S microcontroller board, Falcon A2D-1 GSM modem, and a

battery-based power supply. Two integrated accelerometers are connected to the

portable unit through the analog inputs of the microcontroller. Mobility level

summaries are transmitted hourly, as an SMS message, directly from the portable unit

to a remote server for long-term analysis. Each subject’s mobility levels are

monitored using custom-designed mobility alert software, and the appropriate medical

personnel are alerted by SMS if the subject’s mobility levels decrease. (Jiang et al.,

2008) proposed a system for early diagnosis of hypertension and other chronic

diseases. [4]

Ultrasonic devices are wireless system that uses very high frequency sounds

which is beyond the auditory spectrum of the human ear. Ultrasonic transmission is

non-directional, when it encounters a solid object, will bounce around the room for a

finite amount of time. Once an ultrasonic receiver recognizes the control signal, the

command is completed. [5]

The advantages are the following: The user does not need to face the device

they are attempting to control, signals are not sensitive to interference as with RF

transmission and ultrasonic systems use through the air transmission method and are

portable.

7
 The disadvantages are: The user must be in the same room as the device they

are attempting to control, systems that use ultrasound are often limited to 4-8 channels

and ultrasonic transmission may be blocked by solid objects or absorbed by porous

surface.

TSOP17XX is a commonly used IR receiver for Infrared PCM remote control

systems. It is used in TVs, DVD Players, Burglar Alarms etc. This component is built

with PIN Diode, Preamplifier and internal filter for PCM (Pulse Code Modulation)

frequency and its epoxy package is designed as an IR filter. These are available with

different carrier frequencies out of which TSOP1738 is very common whose carrier

frequency is 38KHz. The output of TSOP17XX receivers can be directly connected to

a microcontroller or microprocessor for further processing. [6]

Related Studies

In coming with the study of Remote Control Fan and Light, the following

studies have provided sufficient background information and insights that enable the

researchers to pursue the study.

The study of Arevalo entitled “Remote Lighting Switch” used cell phone to

remotely turn on and off the light by using missed call as a signal. [7] This study is

related to the present study in a way that they are both remotely controlled.

The study of Lessiter et.al., “Three Remote Controls” this study was

designed to explore the usability of three remote controls that operate a specific

digital set top box (Logik LDR V3) amongst consumers who may have more

difficulty than most in accessing and using digital television equipment. Participants

were UK consumers (a) aged over 75 years with various sensory, physical and/or

8
cognitive impairment, (b) aged under 45 years with learning difficulties, and (c)

aged under 45 years without any sensory, physical or cognitive impairment. Using a

repeated measures design, participants were asked to perform a series of everyday

tasks using remote controls with digital television equipment. Subjective and

objective data were collected to explore how intuitive and desirable the remote

controls were, and how well subjective preferences related to objective performance

data. The study provides evidence that user interfaces that meet the UK Digital TV

receiver recommendations (V1.3) for digital terrestrial television (section 5: remote

controls) better meet the needs of consumers likely to face difficulty using digital

television equipment. [8] It is related to the study because it is also operate specific

appliances such as fans and lights.

The study of Soufi “Remote Control System through Mobile and DTMF” In

this paper, the proponents proposes a method that uses a mobile phone and DTMF

decoder to control remote machine. A mobile phone will be used as a remote control

to the cutter machine to work. It is the one that will send controlling signal to the

SIM card number in the Sudani One modem (connected with PC through USB port).

Sudani One modem is an auto-answering mode. A DTMF tone is produced when

you press a button on the phone when it is being called. The signal is fed to 8870

DTF decoder chip that will send a BCD value of tone to the PC through a parallel

port. It will be the one that will determine if the appliance will switch on/off. This

methodology can be applied to remote switching devices using DTMF technology in

home automation. [9]

9
 The study of Errol et.al.,“Safe and Secure PIC Based Remote Control

Application for Intelligent Home” This study describes a safe and secure way of

intelligent home automation that uses PIC controller and DTMF technology. The pin

number and the order of the user will be transmitted as DTMF signal, and the PIC

Based Remote Controller will receive the signal, since the PIC remote controller is the

control unit of the system, it can take the order of the user to the appliances or devices

that is being operated Remote controller system designed is connected parallel to

telephone line and electrically operated home appliances can be controlled by using

telephone from any places all over the world. Anybody who has GSM and public

phone can access the controller by calling the phone number to which PIC based

remote controller is connected. At the first stage, opto-counter unit counts the number

of rings. When the number of rings has reached to specified number, the controller

opens the line and waits the user to enter the pin-number. The pin-number must be at

least 4 digits long for the security reasons. If there is no pin number entered in 15

second, the controller closes the line automatically. This feature has been put into the

system introduced in this paper to not to keep the telephone line busy for unwanted

reasons or for miss calls.[10]It has a similarity in the present study in a sense that it will

also control an appliance, the difference is that the remote control switch is connected

series to the fans and lightings.

The study of Belen et.al.,“Bluetooth Remote Home Automation System

Using Android Application” In this paper, the proponents deigned a remote

switching control system for home automation via android phone application using

Bluetooth technology to help fulfil the needs the elderly and disabled persons in

their homes. The Bluetooth enables the system to communicate on the PC /laptop or

10
smart phone with the Graphical User Interface (GUI). In this paper, the window GUI

is the one acting as a server to transmit data from/to the smart phone and main

control board after the Bluetooth on the smart phone is connected to the PC/laptop.

The system Main Control Board is the one controlling the target appliances in the

house. The PIC Microcontroller, PIC18F2550, is directly connected to the electrical

current by which separates the regulator and relay circuit.[11]

Synthesis of theArt

The related literature and studies reviewed have provided the researcher

important insights and ideas to give direction and proper perspective to uncover the

potentials of remote control specifically in controlling appliance like lights and fans.

The studies of Arevalo,Lessiter et.al.,Soufi, Errol et.al., Belen et.al., focus to

design a usable and effective Remote Control in different types of devices.

The construction and manufacturing of a remote control device that was

conducted bySoufi, Errol et.al., Belen et.al., Lessiter et.al.,. The Remote Control uses

5v relay, IRX-TSOP 1738, capacitor 100 microfarad, resistors, sensors, PCB in

making a specific device.

Gap Bridged by the Study

In this experimental research, the researchers know that there will be gaps to

be filled in. One of these is the availability of the components, there are limited source

of the components within the area. Another is the troubles that may encounter by the

researchers on making a prototype of this research. Financial can be a major problem

11
on purchasing of components will be needed. Patenting can also be a problem even if

the research will be a success.

Theoretical Framework

In the development of the “Remote Control Fan and Light,” the researchers

adopt the theories and principle of product development.

The Theory of IR Remote control, “states that it will control a device within a

visible range are via Infra-Red Light. Almost all audio and video equipment can be

controlled this way”.[12] This part of knowledge base will explain the theory of

operation of IR remote control and show some details of the protocols that are used in

consumer electronic devices.

The Principle of product development, “states that the process both the

developing and evaluating the product, and any certain new ideas may arouse to

catalyze the birth of “The Remote ControlledFan and Light”. [13]In relation to this

principle, the researchers came up with the idea to improve the existing IR Remote

Control to control lightings and fans.

The Ohm’s law, “states that the current through a conductor between two

points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points”[14]In relation to this

principle, the researchers came up with the idea since it is a basic tool for all who

work with electrical circuits. It can use by the researchers to find an unknown value in

a series of circuits.

12
THEORY OF IR PRINCIPLE OF PRODUCT
REMOTE CONTROL DEVELOPMENT

REMOTE CONTROLLED FAN

AND LIGHT

OHM’S

LAW

Figure 1. Theoretical Paradigm

Conceptual Framework

This part of the study explains the conceptual framework which adopts the

process flow concept. The ideas of the process are shown in a step by step process to

obtain the objectives of the study.

13
 As shown in the conceptual paradigm (figure 2),the first step was the

preparation of components, consisting of the resistors,9V battery, connector, capacitor

100 µf,5V relay, LED and other components. Next, follow the schematic diagram and

analyze it. And at the end of the process the Remote Controlled Fan and Light was the

output.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Components Analysis

 LED  Data analysis REMOTE

 Resistors CONTROLLED
Design FAN AND
 Capacitors
 IN 4007 LIGHT
 Schematic
diode PROTOTYPE
diagram
 5V relay
 9V battery Creation
 Sensor  Wiring
 IC  Testing

EVALUATION

 Safety
 Cost-Effectiveness
 Durability
 User-friendly
 No.of appliances to
be controlled

Figure 2. Conceptual Paradigm

DEFINITIONS OF TERMS

The following terms used in the study are conceptually and operationally

defined to provide for better understanding of the concepts of this present research.

14
Battery- It is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy by

a reaction. In this study it refers to the source of electricity that applies to the fan and

light remote to be able to operate.

Component – It is of the parts of something one of the parts of something. In this

study it refers to every piece of a thing that makes the remote control work.

Connecting wires- it is use for the connection between the different materials of the

device.

Entrepreneurs – It is a person who starts a business and is willing to risk loss in

order to make money. In this study, it refers to a person who is willing to produce

device for business purposes.

Frequency –It is the number of repetitions of a periodic process in a unit of time.

Innovations – the act o process of introducing new ideas, new devices, or method.

Invention – the action of inventing something typically a process or device.

LED Indicator- it is used as an indicator of the device.

PCB- it is used to create a circuit needed for the construction of the device. In this

study it is used where in the components are mounted.

Reliable – It means able to be trusted to do or provide what is needed

Remote – It means distant. In this study, it refers to the ability to control the on and

off functions of lights and fans using a device.

15
Soldering Lead- it is use for mounting the different semi- conductors into the PCB.

In this study it used to connect the wires to make the device work.

16
 NOTES

1
Theraja B.L., Theraja A.K., A text book of electrical technology, Ed. 21st, Publisher;

publication of division of Nirja construction and Development co., Ltd. Ram Nagar.,

1994.

2
http://www.academia.edu/9823175/

DESIGN_OF_INFRARED_REMOTE_CONTROL_SYSTEM

3
http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/Remote-keyless-entry-RKE

4
http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/5394/5/05_chapter2.pdf

5
Horowitz P., Hill W., The art of Electronics, 2nd Ed., Cambridge University Press,

U.S.A., 1995

6
https://electrosome.com/tsop1738-receiver-ir-remote-control/

7
https://paragraphica.com

8
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-69478-6_42

9
AbdiweliAbdillahiSoufi, AbdirasoulJabarAlzubaidi, “Remote Control System

through Mobile and DTMF,” International Journal of Computational Engineering

Research, vol. 03, pp. 45-52, August 2013.

10
YavuzErol, Hasan H. Balik, SerkanInal, DuyguKarabulu, “Safe and Secure PIC

Based Remote Control Application for Intelligent Home,” IJCSNS International

Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, vol. 7, pp. 179-182, May 2007.

11
http://www.dlsu.edu.ph/conferences/dlsu-research-congress-proceedings/2016/

HCT/HCT-I-06.pdf

17
12
https://www.elprocus.com/ir-remote-control-basics-operation-application

https://www.bptrends.com/bpt/wp-content/uploads/05-06-2014-BR-The-Principles-
13

of-Product-Development-Flow-Bellinson.pdf
14
https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/ohms-law

18
 Chapter 3

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research methodology to be used. It also includes the

Sources of Data, Respondents of the Study, Data Gathering Procedures, Research

Instrument and Statistical Treatment.

Research Methodology

The researcher applied developmental method of research because this study

aimed to develop a new product out of the existing. The study adopted the existing

process and procedure for making a prototype Development and Acceptability of

Universal Fan and Light Remote Control.

The processing step started with the preparation of all the required

components to be used in making a device. The components needed are Integrated

Circuits (IC), sensor, relay, light emitting diode (LED), capacitor, resistors, battery,

transistors and diode.

After the preparation, the researcher installed all the components to their

corresponding position in the bread board and the terminals were connected to their

designated position. All of the components were connected to the Alternating Current

source to control the light and fan and after that the researchers test the connection to

make sure that the remote was functional.

The researcher also used experimental method because it used trial and error

method to determine the correct connection in making a Development and

Acceptability of Universal Fan and Light Remote Control.

19
Sources of Data

The primary sources of data were gathered through surveys from fifteen (15)

respondents coming from Camarines Norte State College Jose Panganiban Campus

and from Jose Panganiban National High School.

Secondary sources of data were obtained from theses, and other related

documents.

Respondents of the Study

A purposive sample is a non-representative subset of some larger population,

and is constructed to serve a very specific need or purpose. The researcher will use

purposive sampling in determining the target population of the respondents. The

researcher selected fifteen (15) respondents who will tests the acceptability of the

device made gathered from Camarines Norte State College Jose Panganiban Campus

and from Jose Panganiban National High School.

Data Gathering Procedure

The respondents were given each paper containing the different scales they

marked for the researcher to measure and interpret to be able to come up with a

conclusion. The different scales are about the appearance, cost-effectiveness, user-

friendly, durability, and safety of the device. The respondents put a vertical line on the

scale to signify their rating of the device. Zero (0) means that the device is NOT

ACCEPTABLE; one (1) means that the device is SLIGHTLY ACCEPTABLE; two

(2) means that the device is ACCEPTABLE; and three (3) means that the device is

HIGHLY ACCEPTABLE. After the respondents signified their ratings, the

researchers computed for the arithmetic mean and weighted arithmetic mean of data.

20
Interpretation is: 0 the device is NOT ACCEPTABLE; from 0.01 to 1, the device is

SLIGHTLY ACCEPTABLE; 1.01 to 2, the device is ACCEPTABLE; or 2.01 to 3,

the device is HIGHLY ACCEPTABLE.

Research Instrument

The researcher used the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis Score sheet and

Rank Preference Score as an instrument used to evaluate Development and

Acceptability of Universal Fan and Light Remote Control in terms of appearance,

cost-effectiveness, being user- friendly, durability and its safety. Each descriptive

term was described through six (6) inches line where attributes were evaluated by the

respondents by placing vertical line on the point on each end of the corresponding line

at best described samples. The range of the equivalent score for the whole line is from

0 to 6, each point in line has an equivalent score. Suggestions and comments for the

development of device were also solicited by having open-ended question.

Statistical Treatment

A statistical tool enables the researcher to attain the objectives, answer the

questions raised, and facilitates the researcher to draw conclusions. To determine the

acceptability of Remote Controlled Fan and Light, the statistical treatment will use the

arithmetic mean. [1] Mathematically it is written as :

x = Σx =X1+ X2+…+Xn

n n

Where:

x = arithmetic mean

21
Σx = summation of the values of x

n=number of values

22
 NOTES
1
http://www.statisticssolutions.com/common-statistical-formulas/

23
 Chapter 4

DEVELOPMENT AND ACCEPTABILITY OF UNIVERSAL FAN AND

LIGHT REMOTE CONTROL

This chapter discusses the components used, steps in making the device and

the respondents’ assessment of level of acceptability in terms of appearance, cost-

effectiveness, user-friendly, durability and safety, the result of survey analysis and the

production cost of Development and Acceptability of Universal Fan and Light

Remote Control.

Components List

Semiconductors
IC2 CD4017 Decade Counter
IRX1 TSOP1738 IR Receiver
RELAY 6V
LED1 5 mm LED
T1 Transistor BC 558
T2 Transistor BC 548
D1 IN 4007 Diode

Resistors
R1 220 K Ω
R2,R4 330K Ω
R3 1KΩ

Capacitors
C1 100 µF, 16V
C2 0.1 µF

Decade Counter

The CD4017 is a CMOS Decade counter IC. CD4017 is

used for low range counting applications. It can count from 0 to

24
10 (the decade count). The circuit designed by using this IC will save board space and

also time required to design the circuit.[1]

Voltage Regulator

A voltage regulator is an electricity regulation

device designed to automatically convert voltage into a

lower, usually direct current (DC), constant voltage.

The term may refer to a voltage regulator integrated

circuit (IC), which is often found in computers and other

electronic devices that are plugged directly into an alternating current (AC) wall outlet

but require only a small DC voltage.[2]

TSOP 1738

The TSOP 1738 is a member of IR remote control

receiver series. This IR sensor module consists of a PIN

diode and a pre amplifier which are embedded into a single

package. The output of TSOP is active low and it gives

+5V in off state.[3]

Light Emitting Diode

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that

emits visible light when an electric current passes through it. The

25
light is not particularly bright, but in most LEDs it is monochromatic, occurring at a

single wavelength.[4]

Diodes

A diode is a semiconductor device that essentially

acts as a one-way switch for current. It allows current to flow

easily in one direction, but severely restricts current from

flowing in the opposite direction. Diodes are also known

as rectifiers because they change alternating current (AC) into pulsating direct current

(DC). Diodes are rated according to their type, voltage, and current capacity. Diodes

have polarity, determined by an anode (positive lead) and cathode (negative lead).

Most diodes allow current to flow only when positive voltage is applied to the anode.
[5]

Transistors Transistor is a semiconductor device for amplifying,

controlling, and generating electrical signals. Transistors are the

active components of integrated circuits, or “microchips,” which

often contain billions of these minuscule devices etched into their

shiny surfaces. Deeply embedded in almost everything

electronic, transistors have become the nerve cells of the Information Age.[6]

Resistors

26
 A resistor is an electrical component that limits or

regulates the flow of electrical current in an electronic circuit.

Resistors can also be used to provide a specific voltage for an

active device such as a transistor.[7]

Capacitor

A capacitor is a two-terminal, electrical component. Along

with resistors and inductors, they are one of the most

fundamental passive components we use. You would have to

look very hard to find a circuit which did not have a capacitor in

it. [8]

Relay

A relay is an electromagnetic device for remote

or automatic control that is actuated by variation in

conditions of an electric circuit and that operates in

turn other devices (such as switches) in the same or a

different circuit. [9]

Schematic Diagram

Fig. 1 Schematic Diagram of Universal Fan and Light Remote Controlled

27
PCB Layout

Fig.2 PCB Layout of Universal Fan and Light Remote Controlled

Components Layout

Fig.3 Components

Layout of Universal Fan and Light Remote Controlled

28
Steps in Making Development and Acceptability of Universal Fan and Light

Remote Control

In the development of the study, the device is processed through the preparation of

materials, etching, drilling and soldering. In etching, the researcher prepared the

necessary tools and materials needed in PCB etching, wore an apron and surgical

gloves in order to prevent from accidental splash on the researchers dress or on their

skin, when the researchers were ready, they pour the ferric chloride in the plastic

basin then etched the PCB by immersing it in a basin filled with ferric chloride until

the uncovered part of the copper clad is totally etched, after 10-15 minutes, they

checked the PCB if all the parts needed to be removed were totally etched, (used the

popsicle stick in hauling to avoid a skin irritation because of the solution) At certain

point that PCB were not completely etched, they return them into a plastic basin filled

with ferric chloride then checked at 3-5minutes . And hauled the PCB from the plastic

basin and washed it from flowing water. To remove the remaining residue in the PCB

a clean and dry piece of cloth with little amount of lacquer thinner was used to wiped

the markings of the permanent marker pen in the copper clad. In doing these, the

researchers needed to wear a surgical gloves. Aided by bright light inspect the PCB

for possible hair line break or short. If there is a hair line path between the copper

conductors, cut it by a knife or cutter. And if there is a break between the copper

conductors solder it and then apply plastic varnish to the newly etched PCB to prevent

corrosion or rust, and let it dry before touching it. In boring the researcher need to

prepare all the materials needed ( mini drill, designed PCB) and after that mark a sign

where the hole should be drilled and using the mini drill, bore hole perpendicularly to

the surface if the PCB, then clean the surface of the PCB and look for open line or

short circuit then apply varnish on the clad surface to prevent it from corrosion. In

29
 soldering the researchers need to prepare all the materials needed (soldering lead,

soldering iron) using a soldering iron the soldering lead will be melt in a volcano

shape so that the terminals of the component will be attached permanently to the PCB

and cut out the excess of the terminals of the components by using a side cutter so the

researchers device can function accurately.

Preparation of Materials
Components

Designed PC

Ferric Chloride

Plastic Basin
Etching
Popsicle Sticks

Old Newspaper

Apron
Drilling
Piece of Cloth

Plastic Varnish

Lacquer Thinner
Soldering
Surgical Gloves

Knife or Cutter

Covering

Installing

Development and Acceptability of Universal Fan and Light Remote Control

30
Fig.4 Process Flow of Development and Acceptability of Universal Fan and Light
Remote Control

Acceptability of Universal Fan and Light Remote Control in terms of

Appearance, Cost- effectiveness, User-friendly, Durability and Safety

Appearance is one of the palatability factors that attract the eyes of the

consumers. The Development and Acceptability of Universal Fan and Light Remote

Control prototype was assessed. In terms of appearance, the respondents evaluated it

with the range of 2.83 considered as HIGHLY ACCEPTABLE, for cost-

effectiveness, the respondents evaluated it with the range of 2.92 considered as

HIGHLY ACCEPTABLE, for being user- friendly, it was evaluated with the range of

2.96 considered as HIGHLY ACCEPTABLE, for durability, the respondents

evaluated it with the range of 2.83 considered as HIGHLY ACCEPTABLE, and for

safety it was evaluated with the range of 2.94 considered as HIGHLY

ACCEPTABLE.

Table 1.

Acceptability of Universal Fan and Light Remote Control in terms of

Appearance, Cost- effectiveness, User-friendly, Durability and Safety

Acceptability in terms of: Mean Score Description

1. Appearance 2.83 Highly acceptable

2. Cost- effectiveness 2.92 Highly acceptable

3. User-friendly 2.96 Highly acceptable

4. Durability 2.83 Highly acceptable

5. Safety 2.94 Highly acceptable

GRAND MEAN 2.90 Highly acceptable

31
Production Cost of Development and Acceptability of Universal Fan and Light

Remote Control

Materials Price

IC Php 100.00

6V Relay Php 180.00

Capacitor 100 µf Php 30 .00

Resistor Php 30.00

Battery and connectors Php 160.00

0.1 µf capacitor Php 10.00

Diode Php 16.00

Sensor Php 100.00

LED Php 16.00

Transistor Php 120.00

Regulator Php 100.00

PCB Php 60.00

Ferric Chloride Php 100.00

Switch Php 60.00

IC Stand Php 100.00

TOTAL COST Php 1,182.00

32
 NOTES

1
https://www.electronicshub.org/ic-4017-decade-counter/

www.britannica.com/technology/voltage-regulator
2

3
https://www.engineersgarage.com/electronic-components/tsop1738-datasheet

4
http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/light-emitting-diode-LED

5
https://www.google.com.ph/search?

q=diodes&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi_soLMxr_ZAhWDEpQK

HfTiDJAQ_AUICigB&biw=1024&bih=662#imgrc=sAdg96zIgm3_VM:

6
https://www.britannica.com/technology/transistor

7
http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/resistor

8
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/capacitors

9
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/relay

33
 Chapter 5

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION and RECOMMENDATION

This chapter discussed the summary, findings and conclusion based on the

problem of the study. Recommendations are also given to the future researchers as an

additional input or idea to further development of the study.

Summary

Technology play an important role in our life, inventions and innovation are

discovered and out of the market. Remote control is an electronic device that

commonly used with television, dvd etc. Using remote control, you don’t need to

move just to control the equipment. It would be affordable, reliable, and easy to

maintain. It gives convenience in everyday life.

The main objective of this study was to create a device using a remote control

which can switch off and on a fan and light especially to sought answer the following

questions:

1. What electrical or electronic component will be used in creating a device?

2. What are the tools or materials that are going to use?

3. what are the level of effectivity of remote control in terms of

a. safety

b. cost-effectiveness

c. durability

d. user –friendly

e. number of appliances to be controlled

34
 With the distance of 3 to 8 meters by using remote control it can on and off the fan

and lights. This study will benefit the consumers, entrepreneurs, technologist,

technology teachers, students, future researchers and schools.

Fifteen (15) respondents were purposively selected from CNSC faculty and

students and JPNHS students. One (1) from CNSC faculty, twelve (12) CNSC

students, two (2) from Jose Panganiban National High School (JPNHS). According to

the evaluators the device is very useful and it is easy to maintain and operate and most

especially the materials and components used are safe so that the consumers can use

the device without any hesitation.

Findings

Based from the result of the study, the following are the important findings:

1. The Development and Acceptability of Universal Fan and Light Remote

Control prototype was evaluated by fifteen (15) respondents in terms of its

appearance, cost- effectiveness, user- friendly, durability and its safety. The

grand mean is 2.90 which mean it is HIGHLY ACCEPTABLE.

2. Based from the sensory evaluation results conducted, all of the respondents

agreed that the device is safe and it is easy to maintain and operate. And some

of them suggested that the improvement of its appearance will make it more

presentable and will attract more consumers.

Conclusion

Based from the foregoing findings the following conclusions are considered.

1. The appearance of the device is pleasant, affordable and user-friendly that

the consumers used it without hesitation.

35
 2. The device is properly fixed and there are no loose components hence it

will work according to its function.

3. The components used and materials used are safe and it will give

satisfaction to the consumers safety.

4. The device will save time and effort to the user.

5. It is more effective and efficient most especially to the Physically

Challenged Person (PWD).

6. The production cost of Universal fan and light remote controlled are the

following materials and components which amounted Php 50.00 for

Integrated Circuit, Php 90.00 for 6v relay, capacitor which is 100

microfarad Php 15.00, 5 pieces resistors Php 15.00, 9 volt battery an

connector Php 80.00, capacitor 0.1 microfarad Php 5.00, diode Php 8 .00

, sensor Php 50.00, 2 pieces LED 8 pesos, 2 pieces transistor Php 60.00,

regulator Php 50.00, PCB Php 30.00, ferric chloride Php 50.00,switch

Php 30.00, IC Stand Php 50.00 the total amount of Php 591.00.

Recommendation

Based on the forgoing findings and conclusions of the study, the following

recommendations are suggested.

1. The device can be converted to gate opener.

2. The device could use a little more improvement and need to be more attractive

to the consumers.

3. The device can be more presentable.

36
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Accessed Articles

Design and Implementation of Remote controlled fan Regulator

http://www.ijareeie.com

Theraja B.L., Theraja A.K., A text book of electrical technology, Ed. 21st,

Publisher; publication of division of Nirja construction and Development co.,

Ltd. Ram Nagar., 1994.

http://www.academia.edu/9823175/

DESIGN_OF_INFRARED_REMOTE_CONTROL_SYSTEM

http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/Remote-keyless-entry-RKE

http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/5394/5/05_chapter2.pdf

Horowitz P., Hill W., The art of Electronics, 2nd Ed., Cambridge University Press,

U.S.A., 1995

https://electrosome.com/tsop1738-receiver-ir-remote-control/

https://paragraphica.com

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-69478-6_42

AbdiweliAbdillahiSoufi, AbdirasoulJabarAlzubaidi, “Remote Control System through

Mobile and DTMF,” International Journal of Computational Engineering

Research, vol. 03, pp. 45-52, August 2013.

YavuzErol, Hasan H. Balik, SerkanInal, DuyguKarabulu, “Safe and Secure PIC

Based Remote Control Application for Intelligent Home,” IJCSNS

37
 International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, vol. 7, pp.

179-182, May 2007.

http://www.dlsu.edu.ph/conferences/dlsu-research-congress-proceedings/2016/

HCT/HCT-I-06.pdf

https://www.elprocus.com/ir-remote-control-basics-operation-application

https://www.bptrends.com/bpt/wp-content/uploads/05-06-2014-BR-The-Principles-

of-Product-Development-Flow-Bellinson.pdf

https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/ohms-law

http://www.statisticssolutions.com/common-statistical-formulas/

https://www.electronicshub.org/ic-4017-decade-counter/

www.britannica.com/technology/voltage-regulator

https://www.engineersgarage.com/electronic-components/tsop1738-datasheet

http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/light-emitting-diode-LED

https://www.google.com.ph/search?

q=diodes&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi_soLMxr_ZAhWD

EpQKHfTiDJAQ_AUICigB&biw=1024&bih=662#imgrc=sAdg96zIgm3_VM:

https://www.britannica.com/technology/transistor

http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/resistor

https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/capacitors

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/relay

38
APPENDICES

39
 APPENDIX A

Quantitative Descriptive Analysis Score Sheet

DEVELOPMENT AND ACCEPTABILITY OF UNIVERSAL FAN AND
LIGHT REMOTE CONTROL
Name: Course: Date: ______

INSTRUCTION: You are presented with a Universal Fan & Light Remote
Controlled. Please evaluate according to its appearance, cost- effectiveness, user
friendly, durability, and safety; by drawing vertical line mark by the corresponding
questions across the horizontal line, which best describe the range of characteristics.

1. Appearance : The device is aesthetically pleasant

0 1 2 3

2. Cost – effectiveness : The device is affordable

0 1 2 3

3. User- friendly: The device is easy to use and operate

0 1 2 3

4. Durability: The device is properly fixed and there are no loose components

0 1 2 3

5. Safety: The components and materials used are safe

0 1 2 3

Comments:

Thank you!

The researchers

40
 APPENDIX B

Tools and Equipment used in making Development and Acceptability of

Universal Fan and Light Remote Control

Plate No.1 Tools and Equipment Used

41
Plate No.2 PCB Layout

Plate No. 3 PCB Etching

42
Plate No.4 Drilling

Plate No.5 Soldering

43
Plate No.6 Cover of the device

44
 Plate No. 7 Development and Acceptability of Universal Fan and Light Remote
Control

Appendix C

Survey of Development and Acceptability of Universal Fan and Light Remote

Control

45
CURRICULUM VITAE
46
Name : Mhel Rose A. Bibon

Birthday : January 08, 1996

Age : 22 years old

Gender : Female

Civil Status : Single

Parents

Father : Casiano Bibon Jr

Mother : Anita Bibon

Educational Background

Elementary : Parang Elementary School

47
 Parang, Jose Panganiban Camarines Norte

Secondary : Jose panganiban National High School

Parang, Jose Panganiban Camarines Norte

Tertiary : Camarines Norte State College

College of Trades and Technology

Jose Panganiban, Camarines Norte

Degree : Bachelor of Science in Industrial Education Major in

Electrical Technology

Name : Reymark V. Occiano

Birthday : April 12, 1992

Age : 26 years old

Gender : Male

Civil Status : Single

Parents

Father : Rene Occiano

Mother : Catherine Occiano

Educational Background

Elementary : Nakalaya Elementary School

Barangay Nakalaya , Jose Panganiban Camarines Norte

48
Secondary : Larap National High School

Larap Jose Panganiban Camarines Norte

Tertiary : Camarines Norte State College

College of Trades and Technology

Jose Panganiban, Camarines Norte

Degree : Bachelor of Science in Industrial Education Major in

Electrical Technology

Vocational Course : TESDA PTC-CN

Automotive Servicing NC1

Name : Argen V. Ramos

Birthday : October 31, 1997

Age : 20 years old

Gender : Female

Civil Status : Single

Parents

Father : Arnel Ramos

Mother : Marigen Ramos

Educational Background

49
Elementary : Calogcog Elementary School

Luklukan Norte, Jose Panganiban Camarines Norte

Secondary : Jose panganiban National High School

Parang, Jose Panganiban Camarines Norte

Tertiary : Camarines Norte State College

College of Trades and Technology

Jose Panganiban, Camarines Norte

Degree : Bachelor of Science in Industrial Education Major in

Electrical Technology

50