Generic Structure of Descriptive Text

When writing descriptive text, there are some generic structures (actually not mandatory) for our
writing to be true. The arrangement is:

# Identification: (contains about the introduction of a person, place, animal or object will be
described.)
# Description: contains a description of something such as animal, things, place or person by
decribing its features, forms, colors, or anything related to what the writer describe.

Purpose of Descriptive text

– To describe person, thing or place in specific
– To describe a particular person, thing or place.

Language Feature of Descriptive Text

– Specific participant : has a certain object, is not common and unique (only one). for example:
Bandengan beach, my house, Borobudur temple, uncle Jim
– The use of the adjective (an adjective) to clarify the noun, for example: a beautiful beach, a
handsome man, the famous place in jepara, etc.
– The use of simple present tense: The sentence pattern used is simple present because it tells the
fact of the object described.
– Action verb: verbs that show an activity (for example, run, sleep, walk, cut etc….

Descriptive text is a text which says what a person

or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and reveal a
particular person, place or thing. 

Teks Deskriptif yaitu teks yang menjelaskan gambaran

seseorang atau benda. Tujuannya adalah untuk
menggambarkan atau mengungkapkan orang, tempat
atau benda tertentu. 

Bisa dikatakan juga bahwa Descriptive text adalah teks

yang menjelaskan tentang seperti apakah orang atau
benda yang dideskripsikan, baik bentuknya, sifat-sifatnya,
jumlahnya dan lain-lain.

Struktur Descriptive Text (generic structure) adalah :

1. Identification (identifikasi) adalah pendahuluan , berupa
gambaran umum tentang suatu topik.
2.Description (deskripsi) adalah berisi ciri-ciri khusus yang
dimiliki benda, tempat, atau orang yang dideskripsikan.
Ciri-ciri Descriptive Text :
- Menggunakan simple present tense 
- Menggunakan attribute verb, seperti be (am, is, are) 
- Hanya fokus pada satu objek tersebut.

Descriptive text is a text which says what a person

or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and reveal a
particular person, place or thing.

Descriptive text is text that describes the description of a

person or thing. The aim is to describe or express a
particular person, place or object.

It can also be said that Descriptive text is a text that

describes what the person or object described is, its form,
characteristics, number and so on.
Descriptive Text ( generic structure) are:
1. Identification is an introduction, in the form of a general
description of a topic.
2. Description (description) is to contain special
characteristics possessed by the object, place, or person
described.
Descriptive Text Characteristics:
- Using simple present tense
- Using the verb attribute , such as be (am, is, are)
- Only focus on one of these objects.

Example Text Description About Mountain Beauty

Paragraph description of the beauty of the mountain
Gunungg Bromo is a beautiful mountain located in East Java, included in the Bromo tenggerr
Semeru National Park. This mountain region has a unique feature where at an altitude of 2392
meters above sea level, there will be a very stretchy stretch of sand of around 5,250 hectares. Here
visitors can enjoy the view by riding a horse. Another thing that can't be missed is enjoying sunrisee
on Mount Bromo, from the top of Mount Penanjakann which is at an altitude of 2,770 meters above
sea level.

 Also Read : Definition, Types, Structure, and Examples of Exposition Texts

The natural scenery at sunrise is amazing, the sun which slowly begins to rise in the background of
a mountainous semeru who emits smoke from a distance will expose beautiful landscapes that are
difficult to describe so at such times it is very dear if it is not captured with precious moments in the
form of shooting. .

Mount Bromo is inhabited by native people of the Tengger tribe. This Tengger native community
believes that Mount Bromo is a mountain where a prince sacrificed his life for a family.  The public
routinely conducts Yadnyaa Kasada or Kasodoo festivals. So the best time to visit Gunungg Bromo
is Kasada or usually in September until November.

This Kasada month can be witnessed by the Kasadaa festival, which is an annual ceremony of the
native Tenggerr tribe who came to Bromo to throw offerings in the form of vegetables, chicken,
money into the volcano's crater as an expression of gratitude and offerings to the gods.  Each
process of this ceremony attracts so many tourists that the Bromo Kasada ceremony is increasingly
visited by newcomers.
According to the story of Mount Bromo comes from the word Brahma yaknkii one of the Gods of
Hinduism. As a large and beautiful gunungg, Bromo is still included in the active gungunfire group,
although Mount Bromoo is not as big as other volcanoes in Indonesia, but the views of alamm and
the atmosphere of the mountain make this gunungg very suitable for sambangi. So the tourists are
not a deterrent for visiting.

To get to Mount Bromoo, visitors can first travel to the city of Malang. Because the city of Malang is
a city that is large enough to go to this city, it can be traveled with a variety of means of
transportation. From the start of private vehicles, buses, trains or through aircraft. A 4 × 4 Jeep or
land rover vehicle is a public vehicle used in the Bromo mountain region. The price is quite
expensive, but everything will be lighter if it is temporarily mixed.

Report text : Definition, Purposes, Generic Structures, Language

Features
August 13, 2017 admin Explanation of Text Genre 8
Report text adalah sebuah teks yang menghadirkan informasi tentang suatu hal secara apa adanya.
Genre atau jenis text ini memang ada kesamaan dengan descriptive text yaitu, baik descriptive text
dan report text sama sama memberikan gambaran secara langsung tentang seseorang atau suatu
benda. Perbedaannya adalah jika kita berbicara tentang benda atau seseorang secara spesifik
seperti warna, style, nama, dsb, itu disebut descriptive. Dan apabila kita berbicara tentang benda
atau seseorang secara umum yang meliputi bagian-bagiannya, kekuatannya, fungsinya, atau sifat
umum lain dari benda atau seseorang seseorang itu disebut report.
Definition of Report text
“Report is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as a result of systematic
observation and analyses.” (Report adalah sebuah teks yang menghadirkan informasi tentang suatu
hal secara apa adanya. Teks ini adalah sebagai hasil dari observasi dan analisa secara sistematis.)
Generic Structure of Report text
# General Clasification ; Stating classification of general aspect of thing; animal, public place, plant,
etc which will be discussed in general (Menyatakan klasifikasi aspek umum hal; hewan, tempat
umum, tanaman, dll yang akan dibahas secara umum).
# Description : tells what the phenomenon under discussion ; in terms of parts, qualities, habits or
behaviors. (Pada bagian ini biasanya memberikan gambaran fenomena-fenomena yang terjadi; baik
bagian-bagiannya, sifat-sifatnya, kebiasaannya, ataupun tingkah lakunya. Intinya adalah penjabaran
dari klasifikasi yang disajikan dengan ilmiah.)

Purpose of Report text

Its social purpose is presenting information about something. They generally describe an entire class
of things, whether natural or made: mammals, the planets, rocks, plants, countries of region, culture,
transportation, and so on.
The Characteristics / Language Feature of Report text:
– Use of general nouns, eg hunting dogs, rather than particular nouns, eg our dog;
– Use of relating verbs to describe features, eg Molecules are tiny particles;
– Some use of action verbs when describing behaviour, eg Emus cannot fly;
– Use of timeless present tense to indicate usualness, eg Tropical cyclones always begin over the
sea;
– Use of technical terms, eg Isobars are lines drawn on a weather map;
– Use of paragraphs with topic sentences to organise bundles of information; repeated naming of the
topic as the beginning focus of the clause.

Contoh Report Text Tentang TSUNAMI

The word “tsunami” comes from the Japanese language meaning Great
Waves (Tsu: port and Nami: wave). Adapan agreed definition many people
is a tsunami is a natural disaster caused by rising sea waves to the mainland
at high speeds due to the earthquake centered under the sea. The quake could
have been caused by soil erosion, the plates were shifting, volcanic eruptions
and who experienced meteor that crashed in the ocean. This usually happens
when the tsunami earthquakes exceeding magnitude 7 on the Richter scale.
Tsunami is quite dangerous, especially for those who live in Area beach.
With great power, he will sweep everything in its path.
When talking about the tsunami, then we would have to start from the cause,
namely the earthquake in the ocean. Tsunami always preceded a powerful
movement that we commonly call the earthquake. Although it is known that
there are various types of this earthquake, but 90% of the tsunami caused by
the movement of the plates in the earth that happened to be located in areas
of the oceans. It should be also mentioned, the history of tsunamis ever
recorded due to the eruption of Krakatoa.
An earthquake in the bowels of the earth will result in the emergence of
pressure to the vertical direction so that the bottom of the sea will rise and
fall in a short time span. This will then lead to an imbalance in the ocean
water which is then pushed into a large wave that moves reached the
mainland.
With great power there in the water waves, naturally if the buildings on the
mainland can be washed away easily. The tsunami waves propagate at
speeds unimaginable. He could reach 500 to 1000 kilometers per hour at sea.
And when it reaches the shore, the speed is reduced to 50 to 30 kilometers
per hour. Although reduced rapidly, but the pace was able to cause severe
damage to humans.
If we look at the tsunami, of course we understand that there is no human
intervention in it. Thus, we do not have control to prevent these causes.
However, the preparation and maximum vigilance, we can minimize the
impact of the tsunami itself. A good example has been shown in Japan.
Although prone to tsunamis, but the awareness of people able to reduce the
number of victims of the disaster.

eks Prosedur – Pengertian, Tujuan, Ciri, Struktur,

Kaidah Kebahasaan, Macam dan Contohnya
Lengkap
By penulis oke Posted on July 22, 2019

4.4 (88.66%) 367 vote[s]

Struktur teks prosedur ialah teks yang isinya tentang langkah-langkah ataupun tahap-
tahap dalam melakukan suatu hal dari mulai melakukan kegiatan tertentu atau membuat hal
tertentu yang di sajikan dengan berurutan. Untuk itu, anda harus tahu bagaimana
sebenarnya struktur teks prosedur.

Pengertian Teks Prosedur, Tujuan, Ciri, Struktur, Kaidah

Kebahasaan, Macam dan Contoh Teks Prosedur
Contents [show]

Tujuan Teks Prosedur

Teks prosedur memiliki tujuan tertentu yang harus dicapai. Tujuan utama dari teks prosedur
adalah membantu pembacanya atau pendengar untuk memahami tentang bagaimana cara
melakukan ataupun membuat sesuatu secara tepat. Bisa di katakana juga tujuan ditulisnya
teks prosedur ialah guna memperoleh hasil akhir yang baik.

Ciri-Ciri Teks Prosedur

Didalam teks prosedur juga memiliki cirri cirri diantaranya:

 Didalamnya menggunakan pola kalimat perintah atau kalimat imperative.

 Memakai kata kerja aktif
 Memakai konjungsi/ kata penghubung dalam mengurutkan kegiatan ataupun cara.
 Memakai kata keterangan dalam menyatakan cara, waktu dan tempat secara akurat.

Struktur Teks Prosedur Kompleks

Dalam pembuatan teks prosesdur memiliki 3 struktur penting yang harus ada diantaranya:

1. Bagian Tujuan
Pada bagian tujuan teks prosedur ini dapat berisi tentang tujuan pembuatan teks prosedur
atau hasil akhir yang hendak dicapai bila sudah melakukan beberapa tahapan dalam teks
prosedur itu.

2. Bagian Material
Selanjutnya ada pada bagian material dari teks prosedur yang isinya terkait bahan, alat,
ataupun material yang diperlukan. Namun tak semua teks prosedur ada bagian satu ini.
Umumnya pemakaian bagian material ada dalam teks prosedur yang membahas tentang
pembuatan tertentu seperti pembuatan resep makanan ataupun lainnya.

3. Bagian Langkah-Langkah
Yang ketiga ada bagian langkah langkah yang isinya tentang langkah langkah yang perlu di
lalui agar memperoleh hasil yang sesuai terhadap tujuan dari teks prosedur. Di bagian ini,
setiap tahapnya juga harus dilakukan secara urut tidak boleh dilakukan secara acak.

Kaidah Kebahasaan Teks Prosedur

Sama halnya dengan jenis teks lainnya, pada teks prosedur juga mempunyai kaidah
kebahasaan tersendiri. Kaidah kebahasaan yang dimaksud diantaranya:

a. Konjungsi temporal
didalam teks prosedur juga banyak ditemukan adanya kata konjungsi temporal ataupun
kata penghubung menyatakan waktu kegiatan dan bersifat kronologis contohnya seperti
kata penghubung selanjutnya, berikutnya, lalu, kemudian, serta setelah itu.
b. Kata kerja imperatif
Pada teks prosedur juga banyak ditemukan adanya kalimat imperatif ataupun kalimat
perintah serta larangan yang perlu ditaati untuk pelaksanaan hal yang di tulis pada teks
prosedur.

Baca Juga :   Puisi Baru : Pengertian, Ciri, Jenis Beserta Contohnya Terlengkap

c. Verba material dan tingkah laku

Yang dimaksud verba material ialah sesuatu yang focus pada tindakan fisik misalnya
memotong wortel, menghaluskan bumbu maupun lainnya. Sementara verba tingkah laku
adalah tindakan yang dilakukan menggunakan suatu ungkapan.

d. Partisipan manusia
Pada partisipan manusia ini, hanya manusia yang menjalankan dalam acuan teks prosedur
yang ditulis.
– Ada bilangan sebagai penanda dan urutan teks prosedur.
– Ada kalimat introgatif ataupun kalimat yang berisi pertanyaan.
– Ada kalimat deklaratif ataupun kalimat yang berisi pernyataan.

Macam-Macam Kalimat Dalam Teks Prosedur

Ada 3 jenis kalimat yang terdapat dalam teks prosedur diantaranya:

1. Kalimat Imperatif
Yang pertama adalah kalimat Imperatif. Dalam kalimat ini berisikan perintah yang berfungsi
meminta dan juga melarang agar seseorang tidak melakukan hal tersebut.

2. Kalimat Deklaratif
Selanjutnya ada Kalimat Deklaratif yakni kalimat yang berisikan tentang pernyataan dan
kalimat ini berfungsi guna memberi informasi ataupun berita tentang sesuatu.

3. Kalimat Interogatif
Yang ketiga ada Kalimat Interogatif yang merupakan sebuah kalimat yang berisikan tentang
pertanyaan dan berguna untuk meminta informasi terkait sesuatu hal.

Macam-Macam Teks Prosedur Dan Contohnya

Ada beberapa jenis teks prosedur diantaranya teks prosedur sederhana, teks protocol dan
teks prosedur kompleks.
1. Teks Prosedur Sederhana
Jenis teks yang pertama adalah teks prosedur sederhana yakni teks yang Cuma
menyajikan prosedur dan Cuma ditempuh dengan 2 atau hanya 3 langkah saja. Contoh dari
prosedur teks sederhana ialah cara menggunakan setrika listrik, kemudian cara mematikan
televisi, maupun cara mengirim pesan lewat handphone.

Dalam teks prosedur tersebut terdapat langkah awal sebagai syarat langkah berikutnya.
Sehingga 2-3 langkah sederhana itu tak dapat berubah urutan.

2. Teks Prosedur Protokol

Jenis teks prosedur yang kedua adalah teks protocol. Yakni jenis teks prosedur dengan
langkah kerjanya tak terlalu ketat ataupun langkah kerjanya bisa dirubah. Sehingga langkah
langkahnya tak harus dilakukan dengan urut sebab tak saling berkaitan. Walaupun
urutannya dirubah, tapi tujuannya tetap harus terpenuhi dengan baik. Dibawah ini ada
contoh dari prosedur protocol.

Cara Memasak Mie Instan : Yang pertama, didihkan air terlebih dahulu, lalu masukkan
mie instan didalam air tersebut. Kemudian, masukkan di wadah beda bumbu mie instan.
Setelah mie instan matang, tuangkan didalam wadah yang berisikan bumbu mie tersebut.
Kemudian aduk dan hidangkan selagi hangat.

3. Teks Prosedur Kompleks

Yang ketiga ada teks Prosedur Kompleks. Yakni teks prosedur yang didalamnya terdapat
banyak sekali langkah langkahnya dan berjenjang dengan ada pula sublangkah disetiap
langkahnya.

Purpose of the Procedure Text

The procedure text has certain objectives that must be achieved. The main purpose of the
procedure text is to help the reader or listener understand how to do or make something
right. It can also be said that the purpose of the written procedure text is to obtain a good
final result.

Characteristics of Procedure Text

In the procedure text also has a feature, including:

 It uses command sentence patterns or imperative sentences.

 Use active verbs
 Use conjunctions / conjunctions in sorting activities or methods.
 Use adverbs in expressing how, time and place accurately.

Complex Text Structure Procedures

In making text the process has 3 important structures that must exist including:

1. Purpose section
In the purpose of the procedure text, this can contain the purpose of making the procedure
text or the final results to be achieved if it has done several stages in the procedure text.

2. Material Section
Next there is the material part of the procedure text whose contents are related to the
materials, tools, or materials needed. But not all procedure texts have this one
part. Generally the use of material parts is in the procedure text that discusses certain
preparations such as making food recipes or others.

3. Steps section
The third part is the steps that contain the steps that need to be taken in order to obtain
results that are consistent with the objectives of the procedure text. In this section, each
stage must also be done in order not to be done randomly.

Language Rules of Procedure Text

As with other types of texts, the procedure text also has its own linguistic rules. The
language rules referred to include:

a. Temporal Conjunction
in the procedure text there are also many temporal conjunctions or conjunctions that
indicate the time of the activity and are chronological for example such as the next, next,
then, then, and after.

b. Imperative verbs
In the procedure text there are also many imperative sentences or command and prohibition
sentences that need to be obeyed for the implementation of the things written in the
procedure text.

Also Read: New Poetry: Comprehension, Characteristics, Types and Examples Complete

c. Material verbs and behavior

What is meant by a material verb is something that focuses on physical actions such as
cutting carrots, smoothing spices and others. While verbs of behavior are actions carried
out using an expression.

d. Human Participants
In this human participant, only humans who carry out the written procedure reference text.
- There are numbers as markers and procedure text sequence.
- There are introgative sentences or sentences that contain questions.
- There are declarative sentences or sentences that contain statements.

Various Sentences in the Procedure Text

There are 3 types of sentences contained in the procedure text including:

1. Imperative Sentences
The first is the Imperative sentence. In this sentence contains commands that function to
ask and also forbid that someone does not do that.

2. Declarative Sentences
Next there is a Declarative Sentence, a sentence containing a statement and this sentence
serves to provide information or news about something.

3. Interrogative Sentences
The third is the Interrogative Sentence which is a sentence that contains questions and is
useful for requesting information related to something.

Various Text Procedures and Examples

There are several types of procedure texts including simple procedure texts, protocol texts
and complex procedure texts.

1. Simple Procedure Text

The first type of text is a simple procedure text which is a text that only presents procedures
and is only taken in 2 or only 3 steps. Examples of simple text procedures are how to use
an electric iron, then how to turn off the television, and how to send messages via mobile.

In the procedure text there are initial steps as a condition for the next step. So that 2-3
simple steps can not change the order.

2. Text of the Protocol Procedure

The second type of procedure text is the protocol text. Namely the type of procedure text
with the steps of work is not too strict or the steps can be changed. So the steps do not
have to be done in order because they are not interrelated. Even though the order has been
changed, the goal must still be fulfilled well. Below is an example of a protocol procedure.

How to Cook Instant Noodles : First, boil water first, then put instant noodles in the
water. Then, put it in a different container of instant noodles. After the instant noodles are
cooked, pour them in a container containing the noodles. Then stir and serve while warm.
3. Complex Procedure Text
The third is the Complex Procedure text. Namely the text of the procedure in which there
are many steps and tiered with there are also sub-steps in each step

ample Text of a Short Procedure

500px.com
How to make Instagram on an Android phone
Instagram is an application for sharing pictures or photos, it can even be used to share
videos. On Instagram a lot of interesting content. At this time Instagram is very popular
especially among teenagers. Then how do you create an Instagram account using an
Android phone? Please follow the steps below:
1. First search the PlayStore with intagram search then install.
2. Click install, wait a moment then click open.
 3. Click sign up.
4. Fill in your complete data properly and correctly.
5. Then you will be asked to connect Instagram with Facebook.
6. At this stage you are asked to join a group, promotion or follow people you know.
7. Your account has been successfully created.

Pengertian Recount Text

Recount text adalah jenis text dalam Bahasa Inggris yang menceritakan tentang suatu
cerita, tindakan, atau kegiatan. Biasanya, recount text menceritakan tentang pengalaman
seseorang. Tujuan dari recount text adalah untuk menghibur pembaca, sehingga tidak
terdapat konflik dalam text ini. Selain itu, teks ini juga bertujuan untuk memberikan
informasi pada pembaca.

Ciri-ciri Recount Text

 Menggunakan kalimat Past Tense (lampau), seperti went, departed, would, woke up,
dan lain sebagainya.
 Menggunakan adverb dan adverbial phrase untuk mengungkapkan waktu, tempat
dan cara, seperti: last September, Pari Island, on then second day, dan lain
sebagainya.
 Menggunakan conjunction dan time connectives guna mengurutkan peristiwa atau
kejadian, seperti: and, before, then, after that, dan lain sebagainya
Generic Structure of Recount Text
1. Orientation
Menceritakan mengenai latar belakang informasi tentang siapa, di mana, kapan kejadian
atau peristiwa terjadi.

2. Events
Menceritakan serangkaian peristiwa yang terjadi sesuai urutan kronologis.

3. Re-orientation
Merupakan penutup atau kesimpulan cerita. Untuk menutup suatu cerita, kita bisa
memberikan opini kita mengenai cerita tersebut.
The characteristics of Recount Text
 Use Past Tense sentences , like went, departed, would, woke up, and so on.
 Use adverb and adverbial phrases to express the time, place and method, such as:
last September, Pari Island, on then second day, and so on.
 Using conjunction and time connectives to sort events or events, such as: and,
before, then, after that, and so on

Generic Structure of Recount Text

1. Orientation
Tells about background information about who, where, when events or events occurred.
2. Events
Tells a series of events that occur in chronological order.
3. Re-orientation
It is the conclusion or conclusion of the story. To close a story, we can give
our opinion about the story.

Communicative Objectives of Recount Text TUJUAN

The communicative purpose of Recount Text as explained above is to report events, events or
activities with the aim of preaching or entertaining of course without any conflict in the story.

My Eid al-Fitr Experience

A few months back was Ramadan 1440 H and I was so excited. As usually, I woke up early to get
myself ready for Eid prayer that would be started at 07.00 am. I did the dawn prayer, took bath, and
had a bit breakfast before went to the mosque.

I went back to home at 09.00 am, after the Eid prayer and sermon had done. At home, my big family
always does a Javanese tradition that’s called sungkeman to honor the elders. The younger
members of my family kneeled down and pressed their face to the elders’ knee, one by one. After
that procession had ended, we usually took some pictures together to preserve this moment and to
fill our family albums.
After we had taken enough pictures, then we had brunch of a great feast for all family members.
There were cakes, cookies, meatball soup, and opor. My favorite one was the meatball soup which
was made by my aunt. The meatball was so delicious and its chili sauce was so spicy. I love it very
much. When our energy had been refilled, we continued to visit our neighbors, close friends, and
some relatives.

Narrative adalah cerita khayal yang bertujuan menghibur pembaca. Tentu yang

namanya cerita khayal itu ya belum tentu keberannya karena bisa jadi itu hanyalah imaginasi atau
cerita fiktif yang dibuat oleh seseorang atau cerita buatan sekelompok masyarakat yang tida terbukti
kebenarannya. Contoh narrative yaitu, Cinderella, Sangkurian, Snow White, Rabbit and Crocodile,
dsb. Untuk penjelasan lebih rinci silahkan baca penjelasan berikut

Narrative is an imaginary story that aims to entertain the reader. Of course the name of the
imaginary story is not necessarily its existence because it could be just an imagination or a fictional
story made by someone or a story made by a group of people whose truth is not proven. Examples
of narrative are Cinderella, Sangkurian, Snow White, Rabbit and Crocodile, etc. For a more detailed
explanation, please read the following explanation
Definition of Narrative Text
A narrative text is an imaginative story to entertain people (narrative text is an imaginative story that
aims to entertain people).
Generic Structure of Narrative Text
# Orientation: It is about the opening paragraph where the characters of the story are introduced.
(Contains an introduction to the characters, the place and time of the story (who or what, when and
where)
# Complication: Where the problems in the story are developed. (Problems arise / begin to occur
and develop)
# Resolution: Where the problem in the story is solved. Problem solved, either "happy ending" or
bad "bad ending".
# Coda / reorientation (optional) - lesson from the story
Sometimes the generic structure of a narrative text can contain: Orientation, Complication,
Evaluation, Resolution and Reorientation. Although "Evaluation" and "Reorientation" are
optional; can be added and can not be. Evaluation contains an assessment / evaluation of the
course of a story or conflict. While Reorientation contains the conclusion of the contents of the end
of the story.

The Characteristics / Language Feature of Narrative Text:

- Past tense (killed, drunk, etc)
- Adverb of time (One time, one day, etc)
- Time conjunction (when, then, suddenly, etc)
- Specific character. The character of the story is specific, not general. (Cinderella, Snow White,
Alibaba, etc)
- Action verbs. A verb that shows an action. (killed, dug, walked, etc)
- Direct speech. It is to make the story lively. (Snow White said, "My name is Snow White). The
direct speech uses present tense.
The Legend Of Prambanan Temple
Once, there was a beautiful Javanese princess whose name was Rara Jonggrang. Rara
Jonggrang whose beauty was very famous in the land was the daughter of Prabu Baka, and evil
king.
One day, a handsome young man with super natural power named Bandung Bondowoso defeated
and killed Prabu Baka. On seeing Princess Rara Jonggrang’s beauty, Bandung Bondowoso fell in
love with her and wanted to marry her.
Meanwhile, Princess Rara jonggrang felt sad due to her death father. She did not want to marry
Bandung because he had killed her father. But she was also afraid of Bandung. So to refuse
politely, she made a condition. “I will marry you but you have to build one thousand temples in
one night as a wedding gift” requested Rara Jonggrang. Bandung Bondowoso agreed with the
condition. Helped by the spirit of the demons, Bandung Bondowoso started building the temples.
Approaching midnight, the work would nearly be done. Rara Jonggrang knew and thought, “What
shall I do? Bandung Bondowoso is smarter than I thought. I would lose against Bandung.”
Suddenly she got an idea. She woke up all the women in the palace and ordered them to make the
noisy sounds of grinding rice so that the rooster thought that it had already been dawn. Bandung
Bondowoso got frustrated because he failed completing one, the thousandth temple.
The Princess has deceived me!” Following his anger, he cursed Roro Jonggrang, “You have been
cheated. Now, the thousandth temple is you!”
At once, the Princess turned into a statue. knowing this, Bandung Bondowoso regretted and he
went away into a farm land. From then, people called the temple, Prambanan Temple, and the
Princess statue, Rara Jonggrang statue.

Terjemahan The Legend of Prambanan Temple

Suata ketiak, ada seorang putri yang cantik dari Jawa yang bernama Rara Jonggrang. Putri Rara
Jonggrang yang kecantikannya sangat terkenal di dareah kekuasaanya ini adalah putri dari Prabu Baka,
seorang raja yang jahat.
Suatu hari, seorang pemuda tampan dengan kekuatan sakti mandarguna bernama Bandung Bondowoso
mengalahkan dan membunuh Prabu Baka. Karena melihat kecantikan Putri Rara Jonggrang, Bandung
Bondowoso jatuh cinta dan ingin menikahinya.

Sementara itu, Putri Rara Jonggrang merasa sedih karena ayahnya telah meninggal. Dia tidak ingin
menikah dengan Bandung karena telah membunuh ayahnya. Tapi dia juga takut pada Bandung. Jadi
untuk menolak dengan halus, Putri Roro Jonggrang membuat satu syarat. “Aku mau menikah dengan
kamu, tetapi kamu harus membangun seribu candi dalam satu malam sebagai hadiah pernikahan kita”
kata Rara Jonggrang. Bandung Bondowoso setuju dengan syarat tersebut. Dengan dibantu oleh pengikut
halusnya, Bandung Bondowoso mulai membangun candi. Mendekati tengah malam, pekerjaan itu hampir
akan selesai. Rara Jonggrang mengetahui itu dan berpikir keras, “Apa yang harus aku lakukan? Ternyata
Bandung Bondowoso lebih pintar dari aku kira. Aku akan kalah kalau melawan Bandung.”

Tiba-tiba dia punya pikiran. Rara Jonggrang membangunkan semua wanita di istana dan memerintahkan
kepada mereka untuk membuat suara berisik dari penggilingan padi sehingga kawaana ayam jago
mengirah wajtu telah fajar. Bandung Bondowoso menjadi frustrasi karena ia gagal menyelesaikan candi
yang keseribu.

“Putri, kamu telah menipu aku!” Setelah kemarahannya, dia mengutuk Roro Jonggrang, “Kamu sudah
menipu aku. Sekarang, jadilah candi keseribu itu!”

Seketiak, Putri Rara Jonggrang berubah menjadi patung. Mengetahui hal ini, Bandung Bondowoso
menyesal dan ia pergi ke sebuah tanah pertanian. Sejak saat itu, orang orang yang candi tersebut sebai
Candi Prambanan dan patung putri itu sebagai patung Rara Jonggrang.