Science 5 Q4-Week 1

WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
Science 5, Quarter 4, Week 1
How Rocks Turn into Soil
Name: ___________________________________ Section: ___________________
Most Essential Learning Competency:
Describe how rocks turn into soil (S5FE-IVa-1)
Learning Objectives:
1. Define weathering
2. Identify the agents of weathering
3. Explain how weathering works
4. Differentiate mechanical and chemical weathering
5. Express the importance of weathering in the environment
Time Allotment: 1 Week
Key Concepts
(Science 5 LM pp. 154- 157)
Illustrator: Kennith P. Gallardo
Earth is mostly made up of rocks of various sizes, shapes, and colors.

Though rocks seem to be very hard, dense, and indestructible, they still
break. The breaking of rocks into fragments is known as weathering.
Weathering is an important process that contributes to the shaping of
the Earth's surface. The breaking of rocks results in the formation of soil
and different landforms. This is also the reason of the amazing rock
formations.
Author: Nora C. Atezora

School/Station: Awasian Elementary School
Division: Tandag City
email address: nora.atezora001@deped.gov.ph
Weathering can either be mechanical or chemical. Mechanical
weathering is the physical wearing away of rocks, while chemical
weathering involves the change in the composition of rocks that allows
them to break down into pieces.
Weathering includes disintegration and decomposition. Disintegration

is also known as physical weathering. It is a mechanical process that breaks
big mass of rocks into smaller pieces.
In disintegration, water gets into cracks and pores in rocks. When

water freezes, it expands and exerts pressure on the rocks causing the rocks
to break. Disintegration also happens as plant roots grow on the cracks of
rocks. They exert more pressure on the rocks, causing the widening and
loosening of rocks fragments.
These examples illustrate physical weathering:
• Swiftly moving water :

Rapidly moving water can lift, for short
periods of time, rocks from the stream
bottom. When these rocks drop, they
collide with other rocks, breaking tiny
pieces off. Image source: "K-5 Geosource: Explore Content". American
Geosciences Institute, 2021,
https://www.americangeosciences.org/education/k5geosourc
e/content/rocks/what-is-physical-weathering.
• Ice wedging :
Ice wedging causes many rocks to break. This refers to the repeated
freezing and melting of water within small crevices in the rock surface.
This expansion and contraction is also a major cause of potholes in
streets. Water seeps into cracks in the rocks, and, as the temperature
drops below freezing, the water expands as ice in the cracks. The
expansion exerts tremendous pressure on the surrounding rock and
acts like a wedge, making cracks wider. After repeated freezing and
thawing of water, the rock breaks apart.
• Plant Roots:
Plant roots can grow in cracks. The pressure of a confined growing
root can be substantial. These pressures make cracks in the rocks
larger, and, as roots grow, they can break rocks apart.
Decomposition, also known as chemical weathering, is the process

that forms new substance from minerals in rocks .Water, air, and
substances dissolved in water react with minerals in rocks.

This is the decomposition of rocks
due to chemical reactions occurring
between the minerals in rocks and the
environment.
Image source: "K-5 Geosource: Explore Content". American

https://www.americangeosciences.org/education/k5geosource/conte
nt/rocks/what-is-chemical-weathering.
The examples below illustrate chemical weathering.
Water weathers the rock by

dissolving the rock. Oxygen causes
red or brown rust to form on some
rocks and makes the rocks soft and
crumbly. Carbon dioxide produces
carbonic acids that easily weather
marble and limestone. Living
organisms produce weak acids that
dissolve rock around roots. Acid
rain, formed by burning coal oil, and
gas , causes very rapid chemical Image source: "K-5 Geosource: Explore Content". American
weathering. https://www.americangeosciences.org/education/k5geosource/cont
ent/rocks/what-is-chemical-weathering.
Mechanical and chemical weathering often work together to break
down rock and other substance at Earth’s surface.
Agents of Weathering
Water, wind, temperature, plants, animals, and people are all

weathering agents. It causes rocks to break into pieces.
Water
Water can break rocks in different ways. Strong waves may cause it to
break. Water seeps through the cracks in the rocks. The water can expand
and turn into ice when it gets colder. This can trigger rocks to break as well.
Wind
Wind is another weathering agent that results in many lovely

formations like the Mahayaw Arch in Sabtang Island, Batanes, Philippines.
As the wind blows, it carries sand or small rock particles that scratch the
rocks surface. Mechanical weathering may occur as a result of this, resulting
in a variety of rock formations.

Temperature
The expansion of rocks occurs as they are exposed to different

temperatures. Rocks contract when exposed to cold temperatures. The
repeated expansion and contraction of rocks due to changes in temperature
results in weathering.
Plants
Weathering can also be triggered by other plants, such as lichens,

ferns, and mosses. It can grow on rocks, causing them to break apart.
Eventually, metabolic or life process of these plants will cause the gradual
breakage of rocks into smaller pieces. Trees can also trigger weathering. Its
growing roots can break the cemented ground in search for more minerals in
the soil
Animals
Animals that live underground also contribute to weathering.

Burrowing animals break rocks into pieces as they dig deeper.
Humans
Humans also contribute to the weathering of rocks. Subdivision

developers use a bulldozer to flatten mountains or hills to build houses.
When repairing roads, some construction workers use a jackhammer to
break up boulders of rock. Mining companies extract stones or rocks from a
quarry or rocks from a quarry or an open-pit mine. Some miners throw
dynamites and other explosives on quarry sites to get more rocks or stones.
This mining activity can trigger landslides.
Exercises / Activities
Activity 1: Define Me
(Science Grade 5 LM, p. 157)
What you need:

• pen and paper
What to do:
A. Choose among the phrases from the box that best defines weathering
by putting a check on the space provided.
_______ The movement of sediments from broken rocks.
_______The breaking down of rocks.
_______The dropping of sediment in a new place.

B. Read carefully the questions below, then choose the letter of the best
answer.
1. Which refers to the breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces?
A. erosion D. runoff
B. flooding E. weathering
2. What type of weathering that involves the change in composition of the

rock?
A. erosion C. mechanical
B. chemical D. both B and C
3. What do you call the method of humans extracting stones from

mountains for construction?
A. digging C. quarrying
B. flattening D. weathering
4. What happens when a rock is exposed to a higher temperature?
A. contracts C. expands
B. evaporates D. sinks
5. Which is the physical wearing away of rocks?
A. chemical C. mechanical
B. landfill D. reservoir
Guide Question:
1. What is weathering?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Activity 2: Match Me
What you need:
• pen and paper
What to do:
A. Match the agents of weathering in column A on how it contributes to

weathering in column B. Choose the letter of the best answer.
B
A
1. The repeated scratching and kicking of
animals on rocks can cause it to wear A. animals
and break into small pieces. B. humans
2. Activities like quarrying breaks down C. plants

rocks easily. The use of vehicles and D. temperature
tools such as the bulldozer and
E. water
jackhammer can break rocks with ease.
F. wind
3. The rocks expand if it is too high and if it
is too low, the rocks contract.
4. The waves of the sea crashing on rocks

cause the rocks to break.
5. It causes the particles of sand and dirt to

be blown away.
.
Guide Question:
1. In the weathering of rocks, how do waves contribute?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Activity 3: Tell Me How

What you need:

• pen and paper.
What to do:
A. Explain how each agent of weathering will impact the process.

1. Wind
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Water
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Temperature
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Plants
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
5. Animals
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
6. Humans
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Guide Question
1. Cite some changes that caused by weathering. Explain how do these

changes affect the Earth?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Activity 4: Mechanical or Chemical

What you need:
• 2 pieces of chalk
• hammer
• 1 tablespoon of vinegar
• piece of fine cloth

What to do:
A. 1. For setup A, get a piece of chalk and wrap it in a piece of cloth. Pound
it using a hammer. Be extra careful in using the hammer.
2. For setup B, get another piece of chalk and pour the vinegar on it.
Observe what will happen.
3. Compare the changes that happened to the two pieces of chalk.
4. Answer the questions below.
a. What kind of change or transformation happened to the first
piece of chalk? The second one?
b. How can you compare the two forms of weathering based on the
activity?
B. 1. Place dry fine sand in a wooden box.
2. Place the box next to an electric fan on the flour.
3. Stand behind the electric fan. Turn it on, then observe.
4. Answer the questions below.
a. What happened to the particles of sand?
b. What caused the fine sand to be blew by the weathering agent?
Guide Question:
1. How will you differentiate mechanical from chemical weathering?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Quarrying operations in certain provinces have been stopped by the

Department of Environment and Natural Resources or DENR. Why do you
think so?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Activity 5: Let’s Check !
What you need:
• pen and paper
What to do:
Answer the following questions:

1. Why is weathering an important process in the environment?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

2. How are these different forces in the environment contribute to the
breaking down of rocks?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Reflection:
Weathering plays a significant role in the environment. In what way do the
different processes affect our day-to-day life?
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________ ______
Reference:
Evelyn T. Sarte et .al, Science Beyond Borders (2016) Vibal Group, Inc. G.
Araneta Avenue, Quezon City pp.154-157
Tan, C., et al Science for Daily Use (2002) 16 Horizon St., Rim View Park,
SSS Village, Marikina City: JICA Enterprises, pp.220-221
Website :
https://www.americangeosciences.org/education/k5geosource/content/roc
ks/what-is-physical-weathering.> [Accessed 25 April 2021].
https://www.americangeosciences.org/education/k5geosource/content/roc
ks/what-is-chemical-weathering.> [Accessed 25 April 2021].
https://slideplayer.com/slide/5969215/> [Accessed 25 April 2021].

Activity 3
1. Wind- The wind causes the particles of sand and dirt to be blown away. When
these particles hit the surface of the rock, this causes scratches which will then
damage the rock over time.
2. Water – The waves of the sea crashing on rocks causes the rocks to break. The
water can also seep into the cracks of rocks. When it gets colder, the water inside
will expand and cause the rocks to crack further.
3. Temperature – If the temperature is too high, the rocks expand and if it is too
low, the rocks contract. This repeated contraction and expansion of rocks will
cause the rocks to break after some time.
4. Plants – The roots of the plants growing on rocks can break the rocks
eventually, when the roots get bigger, the cracks become larger until such time
that the rock will be split or broken.
5. Animals – The repeated scratching and kicking of animals on rocks can cause it
to wear and break into smaller pieces.
6. Humans – human activities like quarrying breaks down large rocks easily. The
use of vehicles and tools such as the bulldozer and jackhammer can break rocks
with ease.
Activity 2 Activity 1
1. D A. Answer Key
2. A The breaking down of rocks.
3. E B.
4. F
5. B 1. D
2. C
Guide Question: 3. C
4. C
Strong waves hitting 5. C
the rocks can break
the rocks into Guide Question:
fragments
(Answers may vary Weathering is the breaking down or dissolving of
rocks and minerals on the surface of the earth.
Answer Key
Activity 4
A. Answer for No.4
A. The first chalk was broken down physically by means of hammering. on the other
hand, the second piece of chalk was damaged chemically because of the vinegar.
B. Mechanical weathering happens when a rock is broken down by physical means,
just like how the chalk was hammered on the first set up. On the other hand,
chemical weathering occurs when a rock is damaged or broken down when it is
subjected to a chemical reaction, like what happened on the chalk when it reacted
with the vinegar.
B. Answer for No. 4
A. The particles of sand were blown away by the wind from the electric fan.
B. The wind caused the fine sand to be blown away.
Guide Question:
1. Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces without changing their
composition while Chemical weathering breaks down rocks by forming new
minerals that are stable at the Earth's surface
2.The quarrying operations may cause the loosening of the slope of the mountain,
increasing the risk of landslides occurring during the rainy seasons. Quarrying also
destroys the natural habitat of some animals in the mountain.
Activity 3 Cont.
Guide Question:
Weathering can cause changes to the shape, size, and texture of different landforms
(such as mountains, riverbeds, beaches, etc). The effects of weathering disintegrate
and alter mineral and rocks near or at the earth's surface
RUBRIC FOR ESSAY QUESTIONS
EXPERT CAPABLE BEGINNER
CRITERIA (5 POINTS) (4 POINTS) (3 POINTS)
Substantial, Sufficiently Minimal to less
CONTENT specific and developed content apparent point of
OF WRITING demonstrates with adequate ideas. Limited
strong ideas. elaboration of content with
ideas. inadequate
elaboration.
Sophisticated Generic use of Confused or
arrangement of variety of words
inconsistent proper
STRUCTURE contents, precise and sentence
usage of grammar.
OF use of words and structures. Limited word
GRAMMAR there is an choice.
evident control of
grammar usage
Activity 5
1. Weathering helps shape Earth’s surface (Answers may vary)
2. Forces like wind and water break down rocks through the processes of
weathering. (Answers may vary)

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WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

Science 5, Quarter 4, Week 1

How Rocks Turn into Soil

Name: ___________________________________ Section: ___________________

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Describe how rocks turn into soil (S5FE-IVa-1)

Time Allotment: 1 Week

Illustrator: Kennith P. Gallardo

Earth is mostly made up of rocks of various sizes, shapes, and colors.

Author: Nora C. Atezora

Weathering includes disintegration and decomposition. Disintegration

In disintegration, water gets into cracks and pores in rocks. When

These examples illustrate physical weathering:

• Swiftly moving water :

Decomposition, also known as chemical weathering, is the process

Author: Nora C. Atezora

Image source: "K-5 Geosource: Explore Content". American

Water weathers the rock by

Water, wind, temperature, plants, animals, and people are all

Wind is another weathering agent that results in many lovely

Author: Nora C. Atezora

The expansion of rocks occurs as they are exposed to different

Weathering can also be triggered by other plants, such as lichens,

Animals that live underground also contribute to weathering.

Humans also contribute to the weathering of rocks. Subdivision

What you need:

_______The breaking down of rocks.

_______The dropping of sediment in a new place.

Author: Nora C. Atezora

1. Which refers to the breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces?

2. What type of weathering that involves the change in composition of the

3. What do you call the method of humans extracting stones from

5. Which is the physical wearing away of rocks?

Author: Nora C. Atezora

What you need:

• pen and paper

A. Match the agents of weathering in column A on how it contributes to

2. Activities like quarrying breaks down C. plants

4. The waves of the sea crashing on rocks

5. It causes the particles of sand and dirt to

1. In the weathering of rocks, how do waves contribute?

Activity 3: Tell Me How

What you need:

A. Explain how each agent of weathering will impact the process.

Author: Nora C. Atezora

1. Cite some changes that caused by weathering. Explain how do these

Activity 4: Mechanical or Chemical

What you need:

Author: Nora C. Atezora

1. How will you differentiate mechanical from chemical weathering?

2. Quarrying operations in certain provinces have been stopped by the

Activity 5: Let’s Check !

What you need:

• pen and paper

Answer the following questions:

Author: Nora C. Atezora

https://slideplayer.com/slide/5969215/> [Accessed 25 April 2021].

Author: Nora C. Atezora

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Name: _________________ Section: _