LABORATORY APPARATUS AND ITS FUNCTION

GROUP 6

 Bunsen burner - allows for precise regulation of the mixing of gas and oxygen in its central barrel before
combustion, which ignites the flame. By manipulating the Bunsen burner, both the size and temperature of
the flame can be controlled.
 Iron Stand- An Iron stand supports the iron ring when heating substances or mixtures in
a flask or beaker.
 Iron Ring- An iron ring is used to support flasks or funnels upright in a stand. This is to enable the stability of
the flask or funnel while testing.
 Tripod- A laboratory tripod is a piece of three-legged equipment commonly used to conduct experiments in
laboratories. It is used as a platform to hold and support glassware, such as beakers and flasks, during
experiments and when the glassware is not in use.
 Wire gauze- A wire gauze is a sheet of thin metal that has net-like patterns or a wire mesh. It is placed on the
support ring that is attached to the retort stand between the Bunsen burner and the glassware during
heating.
 Iron clamp- An iron clamp is a piece of laboratory equipment used to hold things and is placed in an iron
stand to elevate other equipment.
 Tongs- Laboratory tongs are used to grasp and lift hot vessels and harmful substances during any kind of
reaction taking place in the lab. Tongs differ in shape are designed to pick up laboratory items including, hot
evaporating dishes, beakers, crucibles, and
other laboratory apparatuses.
 Test tube holder- A test tube holder is used to hold test tubes. It is used for holding a test tube in place when
the tube is hot or should not be touched. By squeezing the handle, the holder’s spring-loaded jaws open in
order to grip the test.

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 Test tube rack- A piece of scientific laboratory equipment that holds several test tubes upright at once.
 Test tube brush- A brush used to clean test tubes and scientific glassware with narrow mouths.

 Test tube- Also known as a sample tube.  Widely used by chemists, scientists, and researchers to hold, mix, or
heat small quantities of solid or liquid chemicals.
  Hard glass test tube- It is a boiling tube. Its function is for heating a substance. The glass is resistant to
chemicals, and it can withstand pressure and heat.
 Beaker- It has a cylindrical glass or plastic vessel used for holding liquids.

 Florence flask- it has a round body, a long neck, and often a flat bottom. It is used for holding chemicals and
heat it if needed.
 Erlenmeyer flask- also known as conical or titration flask
-Wide flat bottom, conical body and tall cylindrical neck
-Emil Erlenmeyer; 1860
-Used to contain liquids and for liquid-handling processes such as mixing, heating, cooling, filtering,
storage and many more.
 Distilling flask- Also known as fractional distillation flask or fractioning flask. Vessel with a round bottom for
uniform heat distribution and a long neck/s with a protruding side arm for cooling heated vapors. Used for
distillation - separating mixtures of liquids with different boiling points through evaporation and condensation.

GROUP 8

 Graduated cylinder- known as a ‘measuring cylinder' or a mixing cylinder, a narrow cylindrical shape with
each marked line. Large graduated cylinders are usually made of polypropylene for its excellent chemical
resistance or polymethylpentene for its transparency, making them lighter and less fragile than glass. They are
used to measure the precise amount of liquids, chemicals, or solutions during routine lab work. Graduated
cylinders commonly range in sizefrom 5 mL to 500 mL.
 Funnel- A funnel is a tube or pipe that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, They are used to transfer
liquids carefully without spillage into containers. It is for pouring liquids or powder through a small opening
and for holding the filter paper in filtration. Often, they are made of plastic such as polypropylene.
 Separatory Funnel- A separating funnel takes the shape of a cone with a hemispherical end. It has a stopper
at the top and stopcock (tap), at the bottom. Typical sizes are between 50 mL and 3 L. They are used in liquid-
liquid extractions to separate (partition) the components of a mixture between two immiscible solvent
phases of different densities.
 Condenser– is used in the laboratory to cool hot gases into liquids. Condensers are routinely used in
laboratory operations such as distillation, reflux, and extraction. A condenser's function is to allow high
pressure and temperature refrigerant vapor to condense and eject heat.
  Thistle tube- consist of a shaft of tube, with a reservoir and funnel-like section at the top. Thistle tubes are
typically used by chemists to add liquid to an existing system or apparatus. Thistle tubes are a useful piece of
glassware for adding chemical solutions to a reaction vessel. Thistle tubes minimize the risk of a reaction
occurring too quickly and bubbling over.
 Watch glass- is a circular concave piece of glass used in chemistry as a surface to evaporate a liquid, to hold
solids while being weighed, for heating a small amount of substance and as a cover for a beaker. They are
mainly used to dry and weigh solid compounds and to cover containers.
 Evaporating dish- The evaporating dish is a small bowl with a spout, usually made of porcelain or borosilicate
glass it is used to heat and consequently evaporate liquids. As its name suggests, it is commonly used to
evaporate solvents in a sample like (decanting, sorting samples, crystallization, removing solvents). In this
way experiments can increase a liquid's concentration. The dish is relatively shallow and features a lip to
facilitate pouring the liquids. 
 The material of an evaporating dish can withstand higher temperatures without breaking. This allows
for some common functions such as the evaporation of solvents. The evaporation of solvents is a
process that removes the part of the solution that is more easily evaporated. 

 Crucible with cover- A crucible is a small container that is used to hold reactants during heating at higher
temperatures. It used to burn, melt or mix solid chemical compounds over a burner. It can hold all kinds of
substances, materials and fluids. It is also used in quantitative gravimetric chemical analysis. The crucible lid
covers it to ensure that nothing enters it during the reaction and that nothing also leaves during the reaction.

GROUP 9

 Mortar and pestle- ”An Ancient device for milling by pounding”, The Mortar is a durable bowl commonly
made of stone, ceramic or wood. The Pestle is a rounded grinding club made of the same material as the
Mortar. It is used to grind solids into fine powders to speed the mixing or reaction process.
 Glass Rod- It is a piece of laboratory equipment used to mix chemicals. They are usually made of solid glass,
about the thickness and slightly longer than a drinking straw with rounded ends.
A Glass Rod can also be called a Glass Stirring Rod, Stirring Rod or Stir Rod.
 Dropper- A pipette consisting of a small tube with a vacuum bulb at one end for drawing liquid in and
releasing it a drop at a time.
 Thermometer- Used to measure temperatures or temperature changes with a high degree of precision. They
are made of metal or glass and strengthened through thermal tempering or annealing.
TYPES: Liquid-in-glass, Bimetallic strip, Electronic thermistor thermometer, Infrared (IR) device.
 Clay triangle- It is basically used in conjunction with other equipment to form a framework where a
substance sort of a solid chemical is placed for heating at very high temperatures.
A clay triangle is composed of three lengths of galvanized wire that are organized in a triangular shape.
 Water bath- Is a tool used for regulating the temperature of substances subjected to heat. The vessel is
surrounded by another vessel containing water which may be kept at the desired temperature.
The water bath is often employed in chemistry labs for a variety of temperature-related applications.
 Cork borer- is a metal tool for cutting a hole in a cork or rubber stopper to insert glass tubing. Cork borers
usually come in a set of nested sizes along with a solid pin for pushing the removed cork (or rubber) out of
the borer. The individual borer is a hollow tube, tapered at the edge, generally with some kind of handle at
the other end.
 Triangular file- “Metal file with three cutting edges” is a specialized tool for trimming and sharpening edges,
and are used primarily to cut glass rods.