APPENDIX A

List and Uses of Apparatus

1. Beaker

- A beaker is a simple container for stirring, mixing and heating liquids commonly

used in many laboratories. Beakers are generally cylindrical in shape, with a flat

bottom. Most also have a small spout (or "beak") to aid pouring.

2. Corks

- Cork keeps the experimentation environment sealed so that liquids or gases

cannot escape (or enter). Some chemistry corks may also include one or more

holes so a glass tube or laboratory funnel may be inserted through the cork and

into the container or another piece of apparatus.

3. Iron Stand

- A metal rod attached to a heavy metal base. The heavy base keeps the stand

stable, and the vertical metal stand allows for easy adjustment of the iron

ring/clamp.

4. Thermometer

- It is used to measure temperatures or temperature changes with a high degree of

precision. They are made of metal or glass and strengthened through thermal

tempering or annealing. The way a laboratory thermometer works depends upon

its type.

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5. Large test tube

- Test tubes are used to handle chemicals, especially for qualitative experiments and

assays. Their spherical bottom and vertical sides reduce mass loss when pouring, make them

easier to wash out, and allow convenient monitoring of the insides. The long, narrow neck

slows down the spreading of vapours and gases to the environment.

6. Pipetol

- Also known as rubber bulb, is used in chemistry laboratory, by placing them on top

of a glass or plastic tube. It serves as a vacuum source for filling reagents through a pipette or

Pasteur pipette and also help control the flow of liquid from dropping bottle.

7. Pipette

- A small piece of apparatus which typically consists of a narrow tube into which

fluid is drawn by suction (as for dispensing or measurement) and retained by closing the

upper end.

8. Graduated Cylinder

- Used for measuring cylinder or mixing cylinder is a common piece of laboratory

equipment used to measure the volume of a liquid. It has a narrow cylindrical shape. Each

marked line on the graduated cylinder represents the amount of liquid that has been

measured.

9. Bunsen Burner

- Is a common piece of laboratory equipment that produces a single open gas flame,

which is used for heating, sterilization, and combustion.

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10. Wire Gauze

- A Wire gauze is a sheet of thin metal that has net-like crosses or a wire mesh. The

purpose of wire gauze is to be placed on the support ring that is attached to the ring

stand between the Bunsen burner and the beakers to support the beakers or other glassware or

flasks during heating.

11. Stirrer

- Is a piece of laboratory equipment used to mix chemicals and liquids for laboratory

purposes. They are usually made of solid glass, about the thickness and slightly longer

than a drinking straw, with rounded ends.

12. Medicine Dropper

- A small tube having a rubber bulb at one end for drawing up and dispensing drops of liquid.

13. Weighing Balance

- Used to determine the mass of a reagent or object.