GENERAL CHEMISTRY(ORGANIC)
TOOLS: 5.Erlenmeyer or titration flasks
1.TEST TUBE
-A cylindrical tube of clear glass, usually open at
one end and rounded at the other,used as a
container for small amounts of a substance in
laboratory tests and experiments usually liquid,
which are then manipulated in some way, such as
being placed over the flame of a Bunsen burner.
2.test tube brush or spout brush
-is a brush used for cleaning test tubes and narrow
mouth laboratory glassware, such as graduated
cylinders, burettes, and Erlenmeyer flasks.
3.Test tube racks
vertical wells that prevent the tube from tilting.
Some test tube racks feature wells with a very
narrow tolerance and hold test tubes securely in
vertical position. Other racks have wells with larger
diameters and allow the tubes to tilt slightly
without spilling their contents.
-are laboratory equipment used to hold upright
multiple test tubes at the same time. They are
most commonly used when various different
solutions are needed to work with simultaneously,
for safety reasons, for safe storage of test tubes,
and to ease the transport of multiple tubes.
4.test tube holder
-The tool consists of a piece of wire bent into a U-
shape with loops on each end that can be
squeezed together to hold the test tube. The loops
may have plastic or rubber coating to provide extra
grip and prevent scratching of the test tube. The
wire may be straight or have a curved shape,
depending on the application.
-on the other hand, is a tool used to hold one test
tube. By squeezing the handle, the holder's spring-
loaded jaws open in order to grip the test tube. It is
used for holding a test tube in place when the tube
is hot or should not be touched. For example, a
test tube holder can be used to hold a test tube
while it is being heated
-have wide flat bottoms, conical bodies, and tall
cylindrical necks. They are named after their inventor
Emil Erlenmeyer. Erlenmeyer flasks are used to contain
liquids and for mixing, heating, cooling, incubation,
filtration, storage, and other liquid-handling processes.
6.A Florence flask/boiling flask
- is a type of flask used as an item of laboratory
glassware and is named after the city Florence. It is
used as a container to hold liquids. A Florence flask has
a round body, a long neck, and often a flat bottom.
7.Laboratory flasks
-are science equipment with a wide base and narrow,
tubular neck. These flasks are used for mixing,
measuring & heating chemicals, samples and solutions.
These flasks come in a range of sizes, materials & are
used for varied purposescalibrated to contain a precise
volume at a certain temperature. Volumetric flasks are
used for precise dilutions and preparation of standard
solutions.
8.Graduated cylinders
-are long, slender vessels used for measuring the
volumes of liquids. They are not intended for mixing,
stirring, heating, or weighing. Graduated cylinders
commonly range in size from 5 mL to 500 mL.Place the
graduated cylinder on a flat surface and view the height
of the liquid in the cylinder with your eyes directly level
with the liquid. The liquid will tend to curve downward.
This curve is called the meniscus. Always read the
measurement at the bottom of the meniscus.
9.Beaker - A beaker is a glass container with a flat
bottom and a small spout for pouring. It is used in the
chemistry lab for mixing, heating, and stirring liquids.
Beakers come in various sizes and are shaped like a
cylinder.Beakers can be used to hold liquid or solid
samples or as a container for reactions. They are also
used to collect filtrates from filtering operations as well
as liquids from titrations. It is used for stirring the liquid.
10.Watch Glass
a curved glass disc that covers the dial of a watch a
similarly shaped piece of glass used in laboratories for
evaporating small samples of a solution,circular concave
piece of glass used in chemistry as a surface to
evaporate a liquid, to hold solids while being weighed,
for heating a small amount of substance, and as a cover
for a beaker.
11.Pipette
-a small piece of apparatus which typically consists of a
narrow tube into which fluid is drawn by suction (as for
dispensing or measurement) and retained by closing
the upper end.Laboratory funnels are used to channel
liquids or fine-grained chemicals (powders) into labware
with a narrow neck or opening. Often, they are made of
plastic such as polypropylene.
12.Laboratory funnels.
-are used to channel liquids or fine-grained chemicals
(powders) into labware with a narrow neck or opening.
Often, they are made of plastic such as polypropylene.
13.Stirring Rod
-A glass stirring rod, glass rod, stirring rod or stir rod is a
piece of laboratory equipment used to mix chemicals.
They are usually made of solid glass, about the
thickness and slightly longer than a drinking straw, with
rounded ends.
14.Laboratory Thermometer
-are used to measure temperatures or temperature
changes with a high degree of precision. They are made
of metal or glass and strengthened through thermal
tempering or annealing. The way a laboratory
thermometer works depends upon its type.laboratory
thermometer is an instrument used to measure
temperature. It consists of a glass tube with a bulb at
one end, containing a liquid, such as mercury or alcohol,
that expands and contracts as the temperature
changes. The other end of the tube is marked with a
scale that indicates the temperature.temperature
15.Mortar and Pestle
-A device made up of a bowl (the mortar) and a heavy,
blunt object (the pestle), the end of which is used for
crushing and grinding ingredients or substances into a
fine paste or powder.The mortar is a durable bowl
commonly made of stone, ceramic, or wood. The pestle
is a rounded grinding club often made of the same
material as the mortar.
16.Tripod
-three-legged platform used to support flasks and
beakers. Tripods are usually made of stainless steel or
aluminium and made light-weight for efficient
portability within the lab
17.Alchol Lamp
-used for heating, sterilization, and combustion in a
laboratory. The alcohol lamp uses ethyl alcohol or spirit
as a fuel. It is generally made up of glass, brass or
aluminum.An alcohol burner is a small, portable
laboratory device that uses denatured alcohol as fuel to
produce a controlled flame for heating, sterilization,
and experimental purposes.
18.Wire Gauze
-a sheet of metallic wire mesh with a fireproof fabric
woven in the center, used to support beakers or other
flasks when heated with an open flamesquare shape
laboratory instrument made of thin metal sheet that
has a wire mesh with a ceramic centre. It is placed on
the tripod stand between the Bunsen burner and the
glassware to be heated to support the flask or beaker or
any other glassware during heating.
19.Iron Stand
-a scientific equipment used in chemistry to hold other
kinds of equipment and glassware, such as burettes,
test tubes, and flasks. A conventional retort stand is
constructed out of a sturdy base and a vertical rod, both
of which are generally composed of metal.A metal rod
attached to a heavy metal base. The heavy base keeps
the stand stable, and the vertical metal rod allows for
easy height adjustment of the iron ring/clamp.
20.Iron Ring
-An iron ring or ring clamp is an item of laboratory
equipment which comprises a conjoined metal ring and
radially-extending rod. In some cases, the rod
terminates in a screw clamp for attachment to a retort
stand or other support; in others, the rod may be
attached to a stand by means of a laboratory clamp
holder.Ring clamps (or iron rings) are also commonly
used in the organic lab. They are used to hold
separatory funnels , and can be used to secure funnels
when filtering or pouring liquids into narrow joints.
21.Bunsen burner
- named after Robert Bunsen, is a kind of ambient air
gas burner used as laboratory equipment; it produces a
single open gas flame, and is used for heating,
sterilization, and combustion.The lab burner
(sometimes referred to, and often erroneously so, as
the Bunsen burner) is an indispensible tool for doing
general chemistry lab work. It can be used to heat
samples with high or low heat, for sterilization, to bend
glass tubing or rods, or for other purposes.
23.Rubber Tubing
-Rubber tubing, also known as rubber hose or rubber
piping, is made of natural and synthetic rubber and is
used to circulate and transport liquids and gases for
household and industrial uses.
24.crucible w/Cover
-A crucible is a cup-shaped piece of laboratory
equipment used to contain chemical compounds when
heating them to very high temperatures. Crucibles are
available in several sizes and typically come with a
crucible cover (or lid).A crucible is a vessel used to melt
substances, usually metallic elements, prior to casting.
This demands extremely high-temperature resistance,
plus outstanding chemical and physical stability. As a
minimum, crucibles must have a melting point higher
than that of the materials they contain.
25.Crucible Tong
-Crucible tongs are welded steel tools used to lift a hot
crucible from a furnace or for other items which cannot
be handled with bare hands. Crucible tongs may also be
used to prevent any inaccuracies regarding mass
measurements as any moisture or oil will affect the
readings and accuracy.Crucible tongs are typically made
of metal and have two curved and concave pincers. The
arms themselves may also be curved to accommodate
the shape of crucibles, flasks, beakers, or other
glassware items.
26.Platform Balance
-a laboratory apparatus which is used for weighing
objects. The balance has two platforms either mounted
on or suspended from a cross-arm, and weights are
placed on one platform until they balance the object
being weighed.Abalance having a platform on which
objects are weighed. called also platform scale.A
weighing balance is an instrument that is used to
determine the weight or mass of an object. It is
available in a wide range of sizes with multiple weighing
capacities and is an essential tool in laboratories,
commercial kitchens and pharmacies.
27.Clay Triangle
-a wire and ceramic triangle used to support a crucible
while it is heated over a Bunsen burner.a ceramic vessel
with a lid that is used to heat solid chemical substances
to high temperatures to dry them completely or to
induce a reaction without solution.It is made of wires
strung in an equilateral triangle on which are strung
hollow ceramic, normally fire clay, tubes.
28.Rubber Bulb Aspirator
-are used in chemistry laboratories, by placing them on
top of a glass or plastic tube. It serves as a vacuum
source for filling reagents through a pipette or pasteur
pipette and also help control the flow of liquid from the
dropping bottle.Flexible, variable-capacity bulbs used to
create a vacuum or apply pressure to the liquid
contents of serological, volumetric, or transfer pipets to
collect, transfer, and dispense liquids; available in
various styles and materials.
29.Evaporating Dish
-Evaporating Dishes are glassware containers used for
laboratory testing. They are used for the evaporation of
liquids and solutions to produce a solid substance or
concentrated solutions. Dishes have a shallow flat
round surface to promote evaporation.
30.Medicine Dropper
-tools usually made from a long piece of glass or plastic
with a flexible rubber handle that is used to suction
liquids in and out of the device. Medicine droppers have
other uses outside the medicine field and can be handy
househole items.An eye dropper, also called Pasteur
pipette or simply dropper, is a device used to transfer
small quantities of liquids. They are used in the
laboratory and also to dispense small amounts of liquid
medicines.
31.Spatula
-Laboratory spatulas are utensils that help with mixing,
scraping, and other tasks related to transferring
materials and samples from one place to another.
°Flat Metal
-Laboratory spatulas are implements with flattened
ends used to mix, spread and lift chemicals. Spatulas are
most commonly made of stainless steel to provide clean
mixing and prevent corrosion. Other materials include
rubber and certain polymers such as Nylon®. Spatulas
can have soft or stiff blades.to transfer samples or
chemicals from their original containers to weighing
paper, weighing boats, weighing bottles, weighing
funnels, or other vessels or containers for weighing.
°Ceramic Spoon
-with long spatula on one end and knob on the other
end. Thermal Shock Resistance - Extra Length for
Sampling from Larger Bottles This large stainless steel
lab spoon
Capillary tubes are used in laboratories, industries, and
households. It is a cylindrical tube with a constant
diameter that can be filled up with any gas, liquid, or
solid particles. The diameter of the capillary may range
from. 3 mm - 5 mm and the length ranges from.

32.Cork Borer

-A cork borer is often used in a Biology or Chemistry

laboratory. It is a metal tool used for cutting a hole in a
rubber or cork stopper to insert the glass tubing.
Usually, the cork borers are available in a nested size
set including a solid pin, used to push the removed cork
or rubber out of the borer.often used in a chemistry or
biology laboratory, is a metal tool for cutting a hole in a
cork or rubber stopper to insert glass tubing.

33.Burette

-also spelled buret, laboratory apparatus used in

quantitative chemical analysis to measure the volume
of a liquid or a gas. It consists of a graduated glass tube
with a stopcock (turning plug, or spigot) at one
end.Burette is a laboratory apparatus commonly used
to dispense and measure variable amounts of liquid or
sometimes gas within chemical and industrial testing
specially for the titration process in volumetric analysis.
Burettes can be specified according to their volume,
resolution, and accuracy of dispensing.

34.Hot Plate

-Hot plates are frequently used in the laboratory to

perform chemical reactions, to heat samples, and for
numerous other activities. Hot plates are conceptually
simple – a flat surface with heating elements. They do
not produce open flames and are well suited for oil or
sand bath use.hot plate" is defined as a device with a
flat surface and an internal electric heating element
that is used for cooking or heating food.

35.Capillary Tube

-Capillary tubing or capillary tubes are very thin tubes

made of a rigid material, such as plastic or glass in
which a liquid flows up into the tubes against gravity in
a process called capillary action (capillarity).