HYPOTHESIS TESTS FOR A SINGLE MEAN

¿
11.1 TESTING A HYPOTHESIS CONCERNING THE Note: 1) t is the computed test statistic.
MEAN BY USE OF THE z DISTRIBUTION 2) t α , t α / 2 and the p-values are based on (n – 1) degrees
H o : μ=μ o of freedom.
Test Statistic: z – test (if  is known)
Example 01: DUNKIN donuts claim that the waiting time of
where: x́=¿ sample mean
customers for service is normally distributed with a mean of three
x́−μ
μ0=¿ hypothesized
0 mean minutes and a standard deviation of one minute. The quality
z=
σ =¿σ population
/√n assurance department found in a sample of 50 customers that the
standard deviation mean waiting time is 2.85 minutes. At a 0.05 level of significance,
n=¿ sample size can we conclude that the mean waiting time is less than three
If the sampling distribution is normal, the test is minutes?
appropriate for any sample size. Example 02: Home Videos Inc. surveys 450 households and finds
Alternative that the mean amount spent for renting or buying videos is P135 a
Critical Region p – value
Hypothesis month and the standard deviation of the sample is P75.25. Is this
Reject H 0 if the Reject Ho if the evidence sufficient to conclude that the mean amount spent is
H A : μ> μo greater than P127.50 per month at a 0.025 level of significance?
computed test statistic p – value=P ( z> z ¿ )
is greater than + z α . is less than . Example 03: A manufacturer contemplating the purchase of new
Reject H 0 if the Reject Ho if the tool making equipment has specified that, on average, the
H A : μ< μo computed test statistic p – value=P ( z< z ¿ ) equipment should not require more than 10min of setup time per
is less than −z α . hour of operation. The purchasing agent visits a company where
is less than .
the equipment being considered is installed; from records there the
Reject H 0 if the agent notes that 25 randomly selected hours of operation included
Reject Ho if the
computed test statistic a total of 4hr and 30min of setup time, and the standard deviation
H A : μ ≠ μo is greater than + z α / 2 or
p – value=2 P ( z >|z ¿|) of setup time per hour was 3.0 min. Based on this sample result,
is less than . can the assumption that the equipment meets setup time
less than −z α / 2 . specifications be rejected at the 1 percent level of significance?
Note: z ¿ is the computed test statistic.
Example 04: A teachers' union would like to establish that the
11.2 TESTING A HYPOTHESIS CONCERNING THE average salary for high school teachers in a particular state is less
than $32,500. A random sample of 100 public high school
MEAN BY USE OF THE t DISTRIBUTION
teachers in the particular state has a mean salary of $31,578. It is
The t distribution is the appropriate basis for determining known from past history that the standard deviation of the salaries
the standardized test statistic when the sampling distribution of for the teachers in the state is $4,415. Test the union's claim at the
the mean is normally distributed but σ is not known. 5 percent level of significance.
H o : μ=μ o
Example 05: Canon, Inc., introduced a copying machine that
Test Statistic: t – test (if  is unknown) features two-color copying capability in a compact system copier.
where: x́=¿ sample mean The average speed of the standard compact system copier is 27
x́−μ0 μ0=¿ hypothesized mean copies per minute (as advertised in national business magazines
t= and elsewhere). Suppose that the company wants to test whether
s/√n s=¿ sample standard
deviation the new two-color copier has the same average speed as its
standard compact copier and it conducts a test of 24 runs of the
n=¿ sample size
new machines, giving a sample mean of x́ =24.6 and sample
Alternative standard deviation s=7.4 (copies per minute). Using the
Critical Region p – value
Hypothesis significance level α =0.05 , is there evidence to conclude that the
Reject H 0 if the Reject Ho if the average speed of the new machine is different from the standard
H A : μ> μo computed test statistic p – value=P ( t>t ¿ ) machine?
is greater than +t α . is less than .
Example 06: Cloud seeding has been studied for many decades as
Reject H 0 if the Reject Ho if the a weather modification procedure. The rainfall in acre-feet from
H A : μ< μo computed test statistic p – value=P ( t<t ¿ ) 20 clouds that were selected at random and seeded with silver
is less than −t α . is less than . nitrate follows: 18.0, 30.7, 19.8, 27.1, 22.3, 18.8, 31.8, 23.4, 21.2,
27.9, 31.9, 27.1, 25.0, 24.7, 26.9, 21.8, 29.2, 34.8, 26.7, and 31.6.
Reject H 0 if the
Reject Ho if the Can you support a claim that mean rainfall from seeded clouds
computed test statistic exceeds 25 acre-feet? Use a 0.01 level of significance.
H A : μ ≠ μo is greater than +t α / 2 or
p – value=2 P ( t>|t ¿|)
is less than .
less than −t α / 2 .

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