JMJ Marist Brother

Notre Dame of Marbel University

College of Arts and Science
Psychology Department
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

Bernie E. Cepillo Jr. Fil Psyc (10:30-11:30, Thurs) March 17, 2021
BA-PSYC 3

What are the bases of Sikolohiyang Pilipino as a science and a cultural character?

The indigenous psychology tradition of Sikolohiyang Pilipino has concerned into

scientific proofs which can be fit as a scientific discipline and therefore can evaluate/assess the
psychological orientation of the Filipinos. Further, this topic has been centering discussion in
validating indigenous psychological development.

According to Western Scientific Psychology as cited by Dr. Virgilio Enriquez has

proposed Sikolohiyang Pilipino has borne out of two processes; the indigenization from without
and, indigenization from within. Indigenization from without defined as ‘search of local
equivalents for assumed universal psychological concepts or the contextualization of imported
methods and techniques’. In contrast, The Indigenization from within means ‘formalizes
Filipinos’ implicit psychological theories, knowledge, methods, and practices developed with the
local culture as basis’.

The major development in the areas of Sikolohiyang Pilipino as science are the
development of Panukat ng Ugali at pagkatao (PUP). Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao (PUP)
(Measure of Character and Personality) in 1975 which utilized dimensions of personality that are
relevant to Filipinos. Enriquez presented the core concept in Filipino Psychology is ‘Kapwa’; as
a recognition of shared identity, an inner self shared with others. Further, the three-tiered value
structure (core, surface, and societal) to demonstrate the Filipino personality. “Pakikiramdam”
(shared inner perception) is pivotal to interpersonal value which is ‘necessarily tied to the
operation of all the surfaces values’. Surfaces values, on the other hand, a set of values that are
easily obvious, esp. to the notice of outsiders (non-filipino). The accommodative surface values;
Pakikisama (companionship/esteem), hiya (propriety), and utang na loob (gratitude/solidarity).
Confrontative surface values; bahala na (determination), pakikibaka (resistance), and lakas ng
loob (resentments/guts). Kagandahang-loob, the linking sociopersonal value; karangalan
(dignity), katarungan (justice), and kalayaan (freedom) in society. Thus, Filipinos in social

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 JMJ Marist Brother
Notre Dame of Marbel University
College of Arts and Science
Psychology Department
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato

interaction: Ibang-tao (outsider) category; pakikitungo (civility), pakikisalamuha (act of mixing),

pakikilahok (act of joining), pakikibagay (conformity), pakikisama (being united with the group.
While the hindi ibang-tao (one-of-us) category; pakikipagpalagayang-loob (ac of mutual trust),
pakikisangkot (act of joining others), pakikipagisa (being one with other)

Addionally, major developments are observed in the trends in personality measurement

has expand dramatically such as; areas of personality testing, the measurement of abilities and
aptitudes, and of deviant behavior. According to Cipres-Ortega and Guanzon-Lapena (1997) has
recently observed upsurge in the development of indigenous psychological measures. The areas
of development in handful of test are; educational psychology, personality testing of the
projective type, development in the test of creativity, self-perception, personality and vocation
testing.

Utilizing Indigenous research methods

Sikolohiyang Pilipino has focused on developing indigenous research approaches and
methods deducted from Filipino’s cultural ways of gathering information. First, pagtatanung-
tanong (asking around); researchers, delve in a more unstructured and interactive questioning
session and questions to be asked should be based on participants’ prior responses. Second,
pakikipag-kuwentuhan (exchanging stories); requires the researcher to motivate participants to
narrate their experiences about an episode or event. Third, ginabayang-talakayan (indigenous
facilitated discussion); is a combination of a community diaglog, focused group discussion, and
group attestation. In addition, researchers are guided by Iskala ng Mananaliksik (researcher-
method scale) and Iskala ng Pagtutunguhan ng Mananaliksik at Kalahok (researcher-participant
relationship scale).The research method scale represents a range of methods that vary in their
obstructiveness to more obstructiveness. Thus, researcher-participant relationship scale
determined the depth or quality of relationship necessary for the research goals to be met.

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