DYNAMICS LAB REPORT

NAME: CHILUSANI SAI TEJA(ME18BTECH11007)

GENEVA MECHANISM
Aim:

1. To show the circular motion of the drive unit is transformed into the
intermittent motion of the star wheel.
2. To show how the star wheel is caused to accelerate and decelerate
during the transmission process.
3. To see how the star wheel is rigidly locked while the crankpin moves
through its free orbit.

Theory:

Geneva is a gear mechanism that translates rotational motion to intermittent

rotatory motion. It has a star wheel and a driving wheel. The rotatory drive
wheel has a pin that reaches the slot of the star wheel by advancing it by one
step. the drive wheel also has a raised circular blocking disc that locks the star
wheel in position between steps. when the drive wheel rotates 120 degrees star
wheel rotates 60 degrees.

Apparatus:

Starwheel, driving wheel, scale

Procedure:

1. Start rotating the driving wheel using your hand and observer the angle of
rotation of the star wheel with respect to the angle of the driven wheel and
take the readings.
2. Both are to be calibrated at exact positions to avoid backslash.
3. Then observe the values and make the conclusions.

Results:

The angle of the Driving Angle of Starwheel

wheel

0 0

35 5

50 10

55 15

60 20

65 25

70 30

75 35

80 40

85 45

95 50

110 55

120 60

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Graph:

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Conclusions:

1. Angle of star wheel increases slowly up to 500 then there is change in slope
of the curve.
2. After 500 angle of driven slope is increased and there is fast increase in
angle in star wheel when compare before 500.
3. Beyond 80 angle of driven slope again decreases indicating an intermitted
motion occurring.
4. We can observe second graph that angular difference increases from 350 to
500 then slope increases we can say star wheel is accelerating.
5. It accelerates upto 550 then difference is constant upto 850.
6. After 850 from the graph we can observe there is deceleration upto 950 then
again acceleration occurs so,slope becomes positive.

Quick Return mechanism

Aim:

1. To show a quick return mechanism at work and record the relationship

between the rotation of the crank and movement of the slide.
2. To find the quick return ratio.
3. To find the Stroke length of the quick return mechanism.

Theory:

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The quick return mechanism is a crank and slotted lever mechanism. A quick
return mechanism is an apparatus to produce a reciprocating motion in which
the time taken for travel in return stroke is less than the forward stroke. this is
also known as the slider-crank mechanism. When we rotate the crank slotted bar
transfers the rotatory motion into translating motion so, the slider slides forward
and return back. minimum and maximum position of the ram occurs when the
slotted lever is tangential to the circular crank. Ram moves from the minimum
position to the maximum in a line.

Apparatus: crank, slotted lever, slider(ram).

Procedure:

1. The crank is fixed at the centre and rotates along its axis.
2. A pin that connects the crank and slotted lever convert the rotational
motion of the crank that is given to translatory motion in ram(slider).
3. The slotted lever is connected to the ram which slides from the minimum
position to maximum as we move the crank.
4. Note the position of the ram with respect to the angle of the crank.

Observations:

The radius of crank=20mm (Pivot joint to centre).

Length of rocker=125mm.

Length of the fixed link=60mm.

The angle between the line passes through the centre of the crank and slotted
lever at its maximum position,

−1 −1 0
θ = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (20/60) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (1/3) = 19. 47

Stroke length=2×125×𝑠𝑖𝑛θ=2×125×(⅓)=83.33mm

0
Angle rotated by the crank in the return stroke =2× (90 − θ)=141. 06 .

Angle rotated by crank during stroke=360 -the angle at the return stroke

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 0 0 0
=360 − 141. 06 =218. 94
0
218.94
Quick return ratio(QRR)= 0 = 1.55
141.06

Results:

Crank rotation Slider displacement

0 0

10 0

20 5

30 7

40 11

50 15

60 21

70 26

80 32

90 38

100 44

110 50

120 55

130 60

140 66

150 71

160 76

170 78

180 82

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 190 84

200 85

210 86

220 86

230 83

240 77

250 70

260 60

270 50

280 40

290 30

300 17

310 10

320 5

330 3

340 1

350 0

360 0

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Stroke length=maximum displacement-minimum displacement

= 86 - 0

= 86 mm

Angle rotated by crank during stroke = 2200+210/2-0=2150

Angle during return stroke=3600-2200=1400

Quick return ratio(QRR)=2150/1400 = 1.48

Conclusions:

1. Stroke length and QRR are closer but the difference occurs to the neglected
forces like friction, compressions, imperfect geometrys.
2. From graph we can observe forward stroke takes more crank rotation than
backward stroke and this is because of difference in lengths of arcs
between two extremes.

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 Double Hooke’s joint

Aim:

To show the application of double Hooke’s joint in power transmission between

the shafts.

Theory:

A Hooke’s joint is used to connect two non-parallel and intersecting shafts. In

Automobile it is used to transmit power from the gearbox is the rear axle. The
driving shaft rotates at a uniform angular speed were as the driven shaft rotates
with continuously varying angular speed. The change in angular speed between
diving and driven shafts is due to the uneven angular speed of the central yoke.

Apparatus:

Central Yoke, Driving shaft, Driven shaft.

Procedure:

1. When we start rotating the driver shaft at regular intervals of angle and
observe the driven shaft and note the reading.
2. Driven and the driving shaft rotates along the translating axle connected

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 with the central yoke.
3. Take all the reading driven shaft rotates for regular intervals of the driving
shaft.

Results:

The angle of rotation of The angle of rotation of the

driver shaft(deg) driven shaft(deg)

0 0

10 6

20 10

30 16

40 22

50 28

60 36

70 44

80 54

90 70

100 86

110 102

120 120

130 132

140 146

150 154

160 160

170 168

180 174

190 180

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 200 186

210 190

220 198

230 204

240 214

250 224

260 240

270 256

280 274

290 290

300 306

310 316

320 324

330 330

340 338

350 349

360 360

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Conclusion:

1. From the graph we can observe there is difference in angle of rotation of

driven and driver because uneven angular speed of central yoke.
2. Slope of the curve is uneven increases and decreases.
3. Central yoke undergoes tension,compression so,there is difference in angle
of rotation between driven and driver.
4. We can also observe that after complete rotation driver and driven are at
same initial positions.

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 RATCHET PAWL MECHANISM

Aim:

To demonstrate the basic one-directional motion (converting oscillatory motion to

intermittent circular motion) of the Ratchet Pawl mechanism.

Theory:

The Ratchet wheel usually engages with a tooth-shaped lever called a pawl.
Ratchet pawl mechanism allows intermitted motion in only one direction.it has
two pawls that only can move in opposite directions. The ratchet wheel is
connected to the ground at the centre and can rotate along its axis. when we give
the motion to the lever arm it translates motion to ratchet wheel and two pawls
restricts the motion in the opposite direction of the ratchet wheel by using spring
which is connected to pawls.

Apparatus: pawl, Ratchet wheel, lever arm, spring

Diagram:

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Conclusion:

1. The motion is restricted in only one direction, it provides one way

transmission and safety against heavy loading conditions.
2. Both pawl and ratchet wheel are both surfaces are considered to be
hardened.

Scotch-Yoke mechanism

Aim:

To demonstrate the basic one directional motion (converting oscillatory motion to

intermittent circular motion) of the Ratchet Pawl mechanism.

Theory:

Scotch_yoke mechanism converts rotational motion to linear motion.It consists of

two parts rotating scotch and sliding yoke. Sliding yoke is driven by a pin that is
eccentrically placed on to the rolling scotch.when we rotate the rotating scotch,
the pin attached that is attached to it converts it to linear motion.the distance it
goes from the centre will be 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛ω𝑡.maximum will be when 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛ω𝑡 becomes x and
the distance sliding yoke travels from the centre will be x.The stroke of the sliding
yoke in this mechanism will be diameter of the rotating scotch and extreme
positions will be along the horizontal axis.

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Apparatus:

Sliding yoke, rotating scotch, pin.

Diagram:

Conclusions:

1. Friction between the pin and slider and slider and ground is neglected.
2. Maximum and minimum positions are the extreme positions of rotating
scotch and distance between them will be equal to diameter of rotating
scotch.

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 SCREW JACK

Aim:

To demonstrate the basic conversion of circular motion to translatory motion by

using scotch-yoke mechanism.

Theory:

Screw jack is a device used to convert rotational motion to linear motion.It

utilises the property of screw thread providing a mechanical advantage.It is used
when ever there is a lift of high weights.

𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡

𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑

𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑
𝑚𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑑𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡

𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑚𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑑𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒

𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡
× 100 = 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜
× 100

Pitch of screw=2.5mm, circumference of string drum=189mm.

Readings and observations:

Load Effort Distance Distance Velocity Mechanical Efficienc
moved moved ratio advantage y(η)
by effort by load

6.5N 0.79N 378 5 75.6 8.23 10.89

5.5N 0.6N 567 7.5 75.6 9.16 12.12

7N 0.85N 378 5 75.6 8.23 10.89

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Conclusions:

1. Velocity ratio will be same for all the cases.

2. load /effort that is mechanical advantage is same for 6.5N and 7N but
there is change for 5.5N.
3. As mechanical advantage is different for 5.5N we observe there is
change in efficiency.
4. 5.5N has more efficiency than other two loads.
5. As mechanical advantage is same for 6.5N and 7N both will have
same efficiency.

References:

1. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instruc
tables.com%2FGeneva-Mechanism%2F&psig=AOvVaw2BXqAiEXLFvQ
qnEnNPLGx2&ust=1630519079522000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=
0CAsQjRxqFwoTCLCApInr2_ICFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
2. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fskill-lync.co
m%2Fstudent-projects%2Ffinal-independent-project-121&psig=AOvV
aw3JkZZaL03aLff3IZB8BeY5&ust=1630519207275000&source=images
&cd=vfe&ved=0CAsQjRxqFwoTCIDy88Xr2_ICFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
3. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.7227/IJMEE.32.2.2
4. https://www.iitism.ac.in/~shibayan/MCC%2013103%20Kinematics%20
of%20Machines/TOM%203BT%2014-15%20lecture%20set-4%20_lowe
r%20pair%20joints_Rattan.pdf
5. https://www.irjet.net/archives/V4/i5/IRJET-V4I5631.pdf
6. http://article.aascit.org/file/pdf/8930782.pdf

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