SCIENCE

CLASS- V
CHAPTER 11 – FORCE, MACHINE
AND ENERGY
1.Define the following.
Gravitational Force-
Force of the Earth that attracts or
pulls objects towards it.
Magnetic Force –
Force of magnets that attracts
objects made of iron and nickel.
Muscular Force –
Force used by our limbs to pull or
push an object.
Electrostatic Force –
Force possessed by charged
objects when rubbed with other
objects.
Mechanical Energy –
Energy possessed by an object
because of its position or its
movement.
Solar Energy –
Energy that we get from the Sun.
Hydroelectric Energy –
Energy produced by flowing or falling
water.
Frictional Force –
Force that tries to slow down or stop
the movement of a moving object when
the two surfaces are touching each
other.
Buoyant Force –
When we push a floating object down in
water it comes up with an upward
thrust, this is called buoyant force.
2. What is force? What are
the effects of force on an
object?

Ans: The pushing and pulling of

an object is called force.
 Effects of force:-
• Move a stationary object
• Slow down or stop a moving
object
• Change the direction of a moving
object
• Change the shape of an object
EFFECTS OF FORCE
ELECTROSTATIC FORCE
3. What is a lever? Name the different
types of lever showing the position of
its parts.
Ans: A lever is a simple machine
consisting of a rigid rod capable of
moving about a fixed point called
the fulcrum. There are three types
of lever:-
• First class lever
• Second class lever
• Third class lever
 A PAIR OF
SCISSORS

SEESAW
 LOAD

EFFORT
FULCRUM

BOTTLE OPENER

NUT CRACKER
 ICE TONGS

TWEEZERS
4. What are simple machines?
Name the types of simple
machines.
Ans: Simple machines are tools
which help us to do a great deal of
work with less effort. There are
six types of simple machines:-
Lever, Inclined plane, Wedge,
Screw, Wheel and Axle, Pulley.
5. What is energy? What is the
law of Conservation of
Energy?
Ans: Energy is the power to do
work/ how work gets done.
The law of Conservation of
energy states that energy can
neither be created nor be
destroyed although, it may be
transformed from one form to
another.
6. What is an inclined plane?
How does it make our work
easier?
Ans: An inclined plane is a flat
supporting surface with one
end higher than the other used
for raising or lowering a load.
Using an inclined plane
requires less force than lifting
it straight up.
7. What is mechanical energy?
What are the two main types
of mechanical energy?
Ans: It is the energy in an
object due to its motion or
position or both. The two main
types of mechanical energy
are Kinetic Energy and
Potential Energy.
8. Write the change of energy from one
form to another in each case:-
Use of solar heaters.
Solar Energy →Heat Energy

Water falling from height in a dam.

Potential Energy → Kinetic Energy

Working of Wind mills.

Wind Energy → Electrical Energy
9. Give reasons for the following
statements.
a) There are grooves on the tyres of
vehicles.
The grooves produce friction on the
road otherwise the tyres would skid on
the road and cause accidents.

b) A ball thrown upwards comes down

back on the ground.
The gravitational force of the Earth
attracts and pulls objects towards it.
c) We should encourage the use of
wind energy.
Wind energy is a renewable source
of energy. It does not create
pollution and is environment
friendly.

d) A labourer uses a ramp to load

heavy containers on a truck.
A ramp is an inclined plane so the
container can be loaded easily
using less effort.
10. Define with examples:-
Wedge-
It is thick at one end and thin,
sharp- edged at the other end.
It can pull an object or cut it
into pieces. Eg.- A knife, a fork
and an axe.
Screw-
It is also an inclined plane but
it is spiral at one end and
holds objects firmly. Eg.- A
bulb, A nut and bolt.
Wheel and Axle –
When a wheel has a rod
attached to it which helps in
movement, the rod is called
axle. Eg.- Sewing machine,
Bicycle and the steering wheel
of a car.
EXAMPLES OF WHEEL & AXLE
11. What is a Pulley? Mention any
two uses.
Ans: A wheel which has
grooves on it on which a rope
or a chain moves to lift objects
is called a pulley.
Uses
It is used to draw water from a
well.
The cranes also have a pulley
to lift objects.
DIAGRAMS OF 3 TYPES OF LEVERS
Thank You!