Specialised cells

Nucleus- carries genetic information

Cell membrane-controls what goes in and out of the cell
Cytoplasm- where chemical reactions take place
Ribosomes- this is where protein synthesis occurs
Mitochondria- where aerobic respiration takes place. Releases
energy
Chloroplast- these absorb light to make food during photosynthesis
Vacuole- this contains cell sap
Cell wall- this is made of cellulose and keeps the cell rigid
Nerve cells, Red blood cells, Sperm cells, Muscle cells, Ciliated
epithelial cells, Root hair cells, Fat cells
Living things are made out of cells.
Three parts of all cells are nucleus, cytoplasm and cell membrane
A group of cells working together are called a tissue
A group of tissues working together are called organs
A group of organs working together to do a specific job are called an
organ system

Skeletal system- helps in movement and support

Respiratory system- allows us to breathe
Reproductive system-allows us to reproduce
Digestive system- allows us to break down our
food
Circulatory system- transports blood around the
body. It includes
 The heart- to pump blood
 Arteries-to carry blood away from the heart
 Veins- to return blood to the heart
organ cell tissue Organ system
liver Plant cell muscle Digestive
system
lungs Skin cell Respiratory
system
kidney

THERE ARE TWO FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE YOUR

CHARACTERISTICS:
 Genetic factors- characteristics you get from
your parents.
 Enviromental factors-characteristics due to
influence around you.
The DNA is found in the nucleus
A section of DNA is a gene
We have 23 pairs of chromosomes
Deoxyribonucleic acid- DNA
A different version of a gene is called an allele
Mitosis-cell division
Xx-girl
Xy-boy
FERTILISATION
Uterus-where fertilised egg would implant and
develop into a foetus
Ovaries- releases egg cells
Fallopian tube- where the egg travels down to go
to the womb
Cervix- protects the uterus from infection
Vagina- a tube that opens to the outside of the
body-sperm deposited here
Fertilisation is the joining of an egg and sperm
cells
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
If an egg cell is not fertilised it will be removed
from your body in the form of blood(period).
The period will stop when the unfertilised egg
implants itself in the lining of the uterus
Hormones are chemicals produced by specific
glands
The egg is released on day 5
Polydactyly
They have extra fingers and toes
Treatments:
 Tying something around the extra digit and
you wait till it falls off if it hasn't developed
 You can also do surgery if it has developed
 Dominant gene-allele which controls the
characteristics whenever it is present
Cystic fibrosis
Production of thick and sticky mucus
Treatments:
 Have about 20 tablets a day
 Use breathing equipment that opens up the
air ways.
 You can go to gene therapy(physiotherapy).
 Recessive gene- allele whose characteristics
only show up when it is present on both
chromosomes