S.No.

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1.1 s-Block 06 Show OST
with title
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and a soft
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1.2 Hello Guys! We are back with another Centre
session on s-block. In the previous videos Show
you must have observed how, Lithium periodic
becomes an exception for almost all the table in bg
properties of Alkali Metals. So, today we with s-
shall learn how Lithium is different from block
other Alkali Metals. highlighted
in it
Transition Break
2 [1] Lithium shows some of the properties Lithium: Abnormal Behaviour[1] Side
which are like alkali metals. However, most [1] Fade in
of the time it becomes an exception for screen title
them. So, let us see, what are the reasons [2-4] fade
for this abnormal behavior of Lithium. in text and
image in
sync with
First, [2] Lithium ion has the smallest size VO
among the Alkali metals. It also has the [2] [X] Fade
[3]highest polarising effect on anions due [2] Smallest Size out All
to which there is [4]increased covalent [5-6] fade
character in Lithium compounds. in text and
image in
[X]
sync with
Second, due to its small size, lithium also VO
has[5] high ionisation enthalpy and [6] low [X] Fade
electropositive character compared to [3] Highest Polarising Effect on out All
other alkali metals. Anions [7-8] fade
[4]Increased Covalent Character in text in
[X] [X] sync with
VO
Third, for Lithium, there are [7]no d-
[X] Fade
orbitals available in the valence shell. out All
And fourth, Lithium has [8]strong metallic
bonding which is responsible for the low
reactivity to some extent.
[5]
Now, let us see, how different is Lithium [5] High Ionisation Enthalpy
 from other metals. [6] Low Electropositive Character
[X]
[7]No empty d-orbitals
[8]Strong Metallic Bonding
Transition
3.1 [1] Firstly, it is[2] harder and lighter than Difference from Other Metals[1] Side Slides 3.1
rest of the alkali metals. [2] Lithium is harder and lighter Slides 3.1 to 3.4 to
[3] It is not affected by air and maintains its than other alkali metals to 3.4 to be read as
lustre, even in its molten state. [3] It is not affected by air, be News
[4] It reacts slowly with water compared to maintains its lusture, even in designed Headlines
other alkali metals to liberate hydrogen molten state. like taking
gas. Li(s) + air ----> very slow or no breaking pauses
Lithium does not [5] react with oxygen reaction at room temperature news after
below zero degree Celsius and at higher [4] Reacts with water slowly to headlines every
temperature it [6] forms monoxide that is release hydrogen [1] Fade in point
less basic than other alkali metals. While 2Li(s) + 2H2O --> 2LiOH + H2 screen title
other alkali metals are also known to form (slow) [2-6] fade
peroxides and super oxides, apart from [5] Doesn’t react with O2 below 0⁰ in text one
their monoxides. Li(s) +O2(g) --> No reaction by one on
(below 0 C) screen like
[6] Forms only monoxides at high news
temperature, while others form headlines
peroxides and superoxides too. [X] Fade
Li2O2 and LiO2 is not possible out All

3.2 Lithium is the only [7] alkali metal to form [7] Lithium is the only alkali metal Side
nitride of the formula Li3N. to form Nitride [7-10] fade
[8] Lithium hydroxide decomposes to form in text one
lithium oxide when red-heated, while other [8] LiOH decomposes when by one on
alkali metal hydroxides do not decompose heated, other alkali metal screen like
on heating. hydroxides don’t news
[9] The bicarbonates of other alkali metals headlines
are known to exist in solid state while,
[9] Lithium Bicarbonate is liquid,
Lithium bicarbonate is known in solution [X] Fade
all other alkali metal bicarbonates
but not to exist as solid substance. out All
are solid
[10] The carbonates of alkali metals are
[10]Alkali metal carbonates are
stable to heating while the lithium
stable to heating, but lithium
carbonate decomposes on heating to form
carbonate decomposes
lithium oxide.
3.3 The alkali metal [11] nitrates on heating [11] Lithium Nitrate gives nitrite Side
yields only oxygen while Lithium Nitrates and oxygen on heating; other [11-14]
yields Lithium oxide, nitrogen dioxide and alkali metals give out only oxygen fade in
oxygen gas. text one
[12] Lithium sulphate is the only alkali by one on
metal sulphate which does not forms screen like
[12] Lithium Sulphate doesn’t
double salts, like Alums. news
form alums
[13] Lithium shows slow reaction with headlines
[13]Lithium reacts slowly with Br
Bromine while other alkali metals react
while other alkali metals react
violently.
violently
[14] Lithium oxalate, fluoride, Phosphate [X] Fade
and carbonate are sparingly soluble in out All
water while corresponding salts of other [14] Oxalates, Fluorides,
alkali metals are completely soluble in Phosphates and Carbonates of
water. Lithium are not completely
soluble in water

3.4 [15] Lithium Chloride is highly deliquescent [15]LiCl is soluble in alcohol andSide
in nature. It is soluble in alcohol and pyridine [15-19]
pyridine. [16] Lithium Chloride separates [16] LiCl forms hydrated crystals fade in
out from aqueous solution as hydrated in aqueous solution text one
crystals of LiCl.2H2O. Whereas, [17] LiCl + 2H2O ----> LiCl.2H2O by one on
chlorides of other alkali metals are [17] Other alkali metal chlorides screen like
insoluble in organic solvents and do not are insoluble in organic solvents,news
form hydrated crystals at ordinary do not form crystals too headlines,
temperature. blink the
[18] Other alkali metals form double less
Lithium when heated in [18] ammonia amides, while lithium forms imide than sign
forms Lithium imide of the formula Li2NH, 2Li + NH3 ---------> Li2NH + H2 after LiOH
while other alkali metals form amides of 2M + 2NH3 --> 2MNH2 + H2
the formula MNH2. (M= Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs)
[19] Basic Order: [X] Fade
Lastly, [19] Lithium Hydroxide is much LiOH<< NaOH < KOH < RbOH < out All
weaker base than sodium hydroxide and CsOH
potassium hydroxide.
3.5 [20] Whoa, that was a very long list. Looks Side
like Lithium is really different from all other [20] fade
metals. Aha, not all. In spite of all these in the
differences with other Alkali metals, periodic
Lithium exhibits some striking similarities table, s-
with [21] Magnesium. Now, Magnesium if block part
you remember, is a [22] IIA group element [24] Diagonal Relationship in focus,
and is placed [23] diagonally to lithium in other parts
the periodic table. Hence this relationship may go
is also known as [24] Diagonal Relationship. behind
So, let’s get to know this relationship. presenter
 or need
not be
shown
[21]
highlight
Magnesiu
m in
periodic
table
[22]
highlight
the group
IIA in PT
[23]
highlight
the
diagonal
placement
of Li and
Mg in PT
[24] Fade
in text
label
pointing to
Li and Mg
[X] Fade
out All

TRANSITION BREAK
4.1 [1] Let us first understand the reason Diagonal Relationship[1] Side
behind this relationship. [2] [1] Fade in
Firstly, [3] electronegativities of Lithium [2] Reasons: screen title
and Magnesium are quite comparable. [2-9] Use
Value of electronegativity for [4] Lithium is  [3] Electronegativities of an
one and that of magnesium is one point Lithium and Magnesium infographi
two on the pauling’s scale. are very close c and fade
Secondly, [5] Atomic and ionic radii of [4] in text in
lithium and magnesium are similar to each sync with
other.  [5]Their atomic radii are VO
Thirdly, [6] the atomic volumes of Lithium similar
and magnesium are quite similar. For [X] Fade
lithium its [7] 12.97 ml while that of out All
Magnesium is [8] 13.97ml.  [6]Their atomic volumes
And lastly, both have [9] high polarising are similar
powers due to their high charge by radius
[7] [8]
ratio. This increases the covalent character
in their compounds.
 Having known the reasons now we shall  [9] Both have high
see how lithium resembles magnesium. polarizing powers

4.2 [1] Lithium and magnesium both are[2] Similarities with Magnesium[1] Side Slides 4.2
harder and have high melting points than Slides 4.2 to 4.5 to
the other metals in their respective groups. [2] Li and Mg are harder and have to 4.5 to be read as
Both [3] lithium and magnesium higher melting points than their be News
decompose in water slowly to evolve group mates designed Headlines
hydrogen gas. [3] Li and Mg decompose slowly like taking
Both [4] metals also react with nitrogen to in H2O breaking pauses
form nitride which can be further news after
decomposed using water to give ammonia. headlines every
[4]Both form nitrides, which can point
be decomposed to get NH3 [1] Fade in
screen title
[2-4] fade
in text one
by one on
screen like
news
headlines
[X] Fade
out All
4.3 [5] Lithium and magnesium combine with [5] Li and Mg form carbides, Side
carbon on heating to form carbides and which can yield ethene [5-8] fade
these carbides yield ethyne when treated in text one
with water. by one on
[6] Both lithium and magnesium form Mg2C2 + 4H2O → 2Mg(OH)2 + C2H4 screen like
monoxides when they react with oxygen Li2C2 + 2H2O → 2LiOH + C2H2 news
and these monoxides are less soluble in [6] Li and Mg form less soluble headlines
water. monoxides [X] Fade
[7] Lithium and magnesium hydroxides are out All
weaker bases and slightly soluble in water.
Also, both[8] hydroxides decompose on [7] LiOH and Mg(OH)2 are weak
Heating. bases, slightly soluble in water
[8] Both decompose on heating

4.4 [9] The fluorides, oxalates, phosphates and [9] Fluorides, oxalates, Side
carbonates of both magnesium and lithium phosphates and carbonates of [9-12] fade
are sparingly soluble in water. Mg and Li are sparingly soluble in in text one
[10] The carbonates of Lithium and H2O by one on
magnesium decompose on Heating with [10] Carbonates and Nitrates of screen like
formation of their oxides and evolution of both Li and Mg decompose on news
carbon dioxide gas. heating headlines
[11] The Nitrates of both these metals [X] Fade
decompose on heating giving mixture of out All
nitrogen dioxide and oxygen on heating. [11]
 [12] Chlorides of Lithium and magnesium
are deliquescent and soluble in alcohol and
pyridine. Their chlorides are also separated
out as hydrated salts. Magnesium chloride
exists as MgCl2.6H2O, while lithium
chloride exists as LiCl.2H2O.
[12]Chlorides of Mg and Li are
soluble in organic solvents and
can be separated as hydrated
salts
MgCl2.6H2O, LiCl.2H2O

4.5 [13] Sulphates of both Lithium and [13] Sulphates of Both Li and Mg Side
magnesium do not form double salts, like do not form Alums [13-16]
alums. [14] Bicarbonates of both Li and fade in
[14] The bicarbonates of lithium and Mg are in Liquid State text one
magnesium do not exist in solid state, they [15]Both Li and Mg salts can be by one on
exist in solutions only. hydrolyzed screen like
[15] Both lithium and magnesium salts [16]Alkyls of Li and Mg are news
undergo hydrolysis. soluble in organic solvents headlines
And lastly, [16] Alkyls of lithium and [X] Fade
magnesium are soluble in organic solvents. out All

Transition Break
5 So, we saw how Lithium is different from Centre
other Alkali Metals. At the same it also
possesses many similarities with the IIA
group metal Magnesium. Hope you have
enjoyed the session. In next session we will
be talking about occurrence and extraction
of lithium. See you there! Bye!

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