Unit Special Crime Investigation

Module Crime Scene Investigation Page|1

SCILM SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION WITH LEGAL Units: 3.0
MEDICINE

INFORMATION SHEET PR-3.1.1

CRIME DETECTION AND INVESTIGATION

A criminal investigator is directly or indirectly pursuing the following purposes:

1. Determine if the crime has been committed

2. Verify if there is a criminal complaint
3. Legally obtain information and evidence to identify the criminal offender
4. Arrest the suspect
5. Reconstruct the crime scene investigation
6. Obtain admission/confession
7. Recover the stolen properties and missing/abducted persons.
8. Establish the motive or intent of the offender.
9. Determine and analyze the modus operandi of the criminals.
10. Determine the gravity of the offense or the extent of damage to the victim.
11. Obtain probable cause for purposes of securing a warrant.
12. Present the best possible case to the prosecutor.

INITIAL STEPS IN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION:

The following are the 9 Golden Rules to be observed by the investigator upon his arrival at the scene of
the crime.
a. Identify if possible, retain for questioning the person first notified the police.
b. Determine the perpetrator, by direct inquiry or observed him. If his identity is immediately
apparent.
c. Detain all persons present in the crime scene.
d. Summon assistance if necessary
e. Safeguard the area, by issuing appropriate orders and physically isolating it.
f. Permit only authorized personnel to enter the area.
g. Separate the witnesses, in order to obtain independent statements.
h. Do not touch or remove any object.
i. Assign the duties of the search if the assistant is present.

PREPARED BY:
st st
1 1 MS. ELENA MAE CORONEL
MIDTER Instructor
M NOTED BY: APPROVED BY:
Week Meeting EMERITA S. MERCADAL MR. WILBERT A. MAÑUSCA
SHS Coordinator/Academic Head School Administrator
 Unit Special Crime Investigation
Module Crime Scene Investigation Page|2
SCILM SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION WITH LEGAL Units: 3.0
MEDICINE

PHASES OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION

A. Preliminary Investigation (Initial Stage)

 Primary Objective - to identify the perpetrators
 Focus - Crime Scene Investigation
 Locus - The Crime Scene (Locus Criminis)

Who performs the first step in Preliminary Investigation?

1. Police Desk Officer
2. Police Officer who received the call about the criminal incident.
3. The First Responder

Actions to be completed during Preliminary Investigation:

1. Establish that the crime was committed and what specific crime took place.
2. Arrest suspects/perpetrators if identified immediately or found at the crime scene.
3. Protect the crime scene and the evidences contained therein.
4. Call for back-up and requestor flash report related to the incident under the investigation.
5. Identify/locate victim and witnesses and conduct brief interview to establish what happened.
6. Secure/gather information about the identity of the suspects, their get-away vehicle if any and
their direction of light.
7. Document the Crime scene
8. Conduct CSI
9. Accomplish the preliminary investigation report.

B. Follow up investigation
Primary Objective- to trace, locate and arrest the perpetrators.

Actions during the in-depth investigation

1. Follow up investigative leads

2. Conduct extensive interview
3. Conducts custodial investigation on interrogation
4. Reconstruct the crime scene
5. Search and collect additional corroborative evidences.
6. Preserve the legal integrity of evidences while maintaining the chain of custody
7. Conduct surveillance if necessary
8. Analyze/ Evaluate the legal significance of collected information and evidences
9. Accomplish follow up investigation reports.

PREPARED BY:
st st
1 1 MS. ELENA MAE CORONEL
MIDTER Instructor
M NOTED BY: APPROVED BY:
Week Meeting EMERITA S. MERCADAL MR. WILBERT A. MAÑUSCA
SHS Coordinator/Academic Head School Administrator
 Unit Special Crime Investigation
Module Crime Scene Investigation Page|3
SCILM SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION WITH LEGAL Units: 3.0
MEDICINE

C. Concluding Investigation
Primary Objective- to establish the proof of guilt of the primary suspect.

Actions during Concluding Investigation

1. Review the suspects arrest to ascertain its legality.

2. Evaluate the suspect statement to determine its validity and admissibility.
3. Check/review the manner in which evidences were obtained or developed.
4. Test their admissibility if presented to court.
5. Furnish or compile all necessary records, reports and documents of the case.
6. Prepare physical evidences for court exhibit.
7. Accomplish final investigation report
8. Present collected evidences to the prosecutor including investigation reports.
9. Assist the prosecuting attorney in the presentation and prosecution of the case in court.

Modes of Investigation

A. REACTIVE INVESTIGATION
 This is the form of investigation initiated by a complaint filed by a victim or any
concerned citizen.

2 Types of Reactive Investigation

a. Initial Investigation
b. Latent Investigation

3 Kinds of Reactive Investigation according to Jack Kyundall are:

a. Walk-Through
b. Where are they
c. WHODUNIT

B. PROACTIVE INVESTIGATION
 Is conducted by the police based on their own initiative. This type of
investigation is designed to catch a criminal in the act of committing a crime
rather than waiting.

Proactive Investigation maybe in the form of:

a. Decoy Operation
b. Repeat-Offender Program
c. Undercover Operation

PREPARED BY:
st st
1 1 MS. ELENA MAE CORONEL
MIDTER Instructor
M NOTED BY: APPROVED BY:
Week Meeting EMERITA S. MERCADAL MR. WILBERT A. MAÑUSCA
SHS Coordinator/Academic Head School Administrator
 Unit Special Crime Investigation
Module Crime Scene Investigation Page|4
SCILM SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION WITH LEGAL Units: 3.0
MEDICINE

Undercover operation is usually in the form of:

a. BUY-BUST operation
b. ENTRAPMENT operation

Tools of an Investigator in Gathering Facts

a) Information – Data gathered by an investigator from other persons including the victim himself
and from Public records; Private records; and Modus Operandi file.
b) Interrogation and Interview – Questioning of witnesses, suspects, and offended parties.
c) Instrumentation – Scientific examination of real evidence, application of instrument and
methods of the physical sciences in detecting crime.

INFORMATION

All evaluated materials of every description including those derived fro observation, reports,
rumors, imagery,

and other sources from which intelligence in produced.

Information is a communicated knowledge by others obtaining by personal study, investigation,

research, analysis, observation. The use of modern gadgets in intelligence and other things and material
that possess or contain a desire information or knowledge.

Two General classifications of sources of information:

1. Open Sources – 99% of the info collected are coming from open sources.
2. Close Sources – 1% of info from close sources.

Overt Intelligence – is the gathering of information or documents procured openly without regard as to
whether the subject or target become knowledgeable of the purpose

Open Sources: Includes information taken from

 Enemy activity – POW – Civilians - Captured documents

 Map - Weather, forecast, studies, report - Agencies
PREPARED BY:
st st
1 1 MS. ELENA MAE CORONEL
MIDTER Instructor
M NOTED BY: APPROVED BY:
Week Meeting EMERITA S. MERCADAL MR. WILBERT A. MAÑUSCA
SHS Coordinator/Academic Head School Administrator
 Unit Special Crime Investigation
Module Crime Scene Investigation Page|5
SCILM SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION WITH LEGAL Units: 3.0
MEDICINE

Covert Intelligence – is the secret procurement of information, which is obtained without the
knowledge of the person or persons safeguarding vital intelligence interest.

Close Sources: are information usually taken through:

 Surveillance
 Casing  Elicitation  Surreptitious entry
 Employment of technical means (Bugging and Tapping device)
 Tactical Interrogation
 Observation and Description
Other sources of Information: Overt and Covert
 Routine patrol and Criminal investigation
 Use of informants and Interrogations
 Search and seizures and Cordon and scratch
 Checkpoints and Police public relations activities
 Coordination with law enforcement agencies
 Inmates of various city jails, national penitentiary, military stockade.  Statistics

Persons as sources of Information

Informant Net – It is a controlled group of people who worked through the direction of the
agent handler. The informants, principal or cutouts supply the agent handler directly or indirectly with
Intel information

Informants (Asset) – people selected as sources of information, which could be voluntary, or in

consideration of a price.

 Informant – refers to a person who gives information to the police voluntarily or

involuntarily with out any consideration
 Informer – those who give information to the police for price or reward

Types of Informants

PREPARED BY:
st st
1 1 MS. ELENA MAE CORONEL
MIDTER Instructor
M NOTED BY: APPROVED BY:
Week Meeting EMERITA S. MERCADAL MR. WILBERT A. MAÑUSCA
SHS Coordinator/Academic Head School Administrator
 Unit Special Crime Investigation
Module Crime Scene Investigation Page|6
SCILM SPECIAL CRIME INVESTIGATION WITH LEGAL Units: 3.0
MEDICINE

1. Criminal Informant – an informant who give information to the police pertaining to the
underworld about organized criminals with the understanding that his identity will be
protected
2. Confidential Informant – is similar to the former but he gives information violate of the law
to includes crimes and criminals
3. Voluntary Informant – a type of informant who give information freely and willfully as a
witness to a certain act
4. Special Informant – those who gives information concerning specialized cases only and it is
regarded a special treatment by the operatives (ex. teachers, businessmen)
5. Anonymous Informant – those who gives information through telephone with the hope
that the informant can not be identified

PREPARED BY:
st st
1 1 MS. ELENA MAE CORONEL
MIDTER Instructor
M NOTED BY: APPROVED BY:
Week Meeting EMERITA S. MERCADAL MR. WILBERT A. MAÑUSCA
SHS Coordinator/Academic Head School Administrator