Human

Science Home Learning Pack:

Body
 Two sides
The brain has two sides.
The left side controls the
right side of our body,
while the right side is in
charge of the left side of
the body!
This part of the brain is
in charge of how we move Every time you touch Artificial intelligence
our bodies. It can tell us something a message goes Computers can be taught to think and
to walk, run, or dance! to this part of the brain.
The front part of the make decisions like humans. This is
brain is all about your called artificial intelligence (AI). Mobile
personality – how you
behave, and what you
Being able to understand our phones use AI to help answer any
surroundings helps us to make
like and don’t like.
good decisions about how to questions you might have or tell you
Planning move around. what’s in your diary.
movements

Touch What’s the weather

Movement Understanding like today?
Left Right Thinking and
personality emotions, like
The more wrinkly happiness or sadness,
your brain, the helps us to respond
smarter you are! well to other people.

Awareness
of space

It’s raining. Take

an umbrella!
? Speech Emotional Making
understanding images
Hearing

This part of our

brain allows us to
speak to each other.

Our brain receives

Memory Seeing information from our
eyes and makes sense

Think
of what we’re seeing.
You figure out what
different sounds
are in this part of
the brain.

about it This part of your brain is

where you keep all of your
Coordination
This bit of the brain helps
us to move smoothly. It’s
Your brain may look like a big wobbly memories, like the first
time you rode a bike or
useful for things such as
walking and writing.
ball of jelly, but it works like an amazing your last birthday party.
Nervous system
supercomputer. It sits in your head and We have a huge network of
nerves inside us, which link the
allows you to see, hear, talk, move, feel, The spinal cord carries messages brain and the spinal cord to
think, imagine, and remember. to and from the brain. the other parts of the body.

47

Pretend to be a doctor! Use the information on this page to create Content from: Science Squad
a poster telling your patients about the importance of the brain. Suitable for 5–7 years Available now
 Life science Inheritance Inheritance

ce Inheritance
Colour blindness Colour blindness

DNA s t r a n ds
Some people have a gene which causes Some people have a gene which causes
them to be colour blind. Look at the them to be colour blind. Look at the
circle below. If you can see the number circle below. If you can see the number
inside then you aren’t colour blind. inside then you aren’t colour blind.
f chemical Your genes are a set of chemical
ng someone just instructions for building someone just
em from your ca like you. You inherit them from your
you are like parents, which is why you are like
rry
DNA
But unless
molecules you
are them in many ways. But unless you
in f
made of two long
are unique.
strands twisted are a twin, your genes are unique.
or m
around each other.
Seeing double Seeing double
Tiny cells Test your Tiny cells
Identical twins share most of their genes. Test your Identical twins share most of their genes.
ation.

g blocks that make up all Cells are the family

building and blocks Athat
quarter
makeof up
these
all are mirror twins, which family and A quarter of these are mirror twins, which
friends to friends to
cell in your body contains living things. see
Each means
cell in your
if anyone that
body they are a mirror image of
contains see if anyone means that they are a mirror image of
genes – the information to a complete you
set know
of genes
is eachinformation
– the other. For example,
to they might have you know is each other. For example, they might have
colour blind. colour blind.
make you as you are. anyou
make identical
as youmole,
are. but on the opposite an identical mole, but on the opposite
Chromosome
arm to each other. arm to each other.
Turn Turn
Nucleus
Who do you look like? The chromosomes of Nucleus
Who
and do you look like?
learn The chromosomes of
and learn
your father determine your father determine
Children have a mixture of genes whether you will be
Children have a mixture of genes whether you will be
from their parents. This is why a boy or a girl.
Animal
from their parents. This is why a boy or a girl.
Animal
you might have your mum’s reproduction:
you might have your mum’s reproduction:
pp. 30-31 pp. 30-31
Amazing DNA eyes but your dad’s smile! eyes but your dad’s smile!
Health: Health:
DNA is made of long
pp. 40-41 pp. 40-41
molecules. Each molecule is
made up of two parts joined
Membrane Membrane
s together like a twisted rope ladder.
This child has Chromosomes This child has
ganised into
DNA carries instructions on how toher hair
inherited Your genes are organised into inherited her hair
and skin colour and skin colour
arrangedmake
in 23cells work, and how different types
from her mother.
46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 from her mother.
chromosomes
of cells
are
develop and join together to build pairs. Genes and chromosomes are
emical called
a living
DNA.
thing, such as a plant or animal. made from the chemical called DNA.

What
u’ve got two of eachis a gene? of genes. You’ve got two of each
rom your mother andin your body contains
Every cell gene, one from your mother and
our father. aSometimes
set of about 20,000 genes. one from your father. Sometimes
om your mother comes
All living things pass on their the gene from your mother comes
and other genes
times toyour
their offspring. Sexual into action, and other times your
ne wins out.reproduction combines two sets father’s gene wins out.
You can only roll your tongue
if the right genes are active.

32 33 33
What does DNA stand for? Deoxyribonucleic acid. Deoxyribonucleic acid.

Look at a photo of you and your parents. What features do you have that are Content from: First Science Encyclopedia by Steve Mould
the same as them? Write about the features you’ve inherited from them. Suitable for 7–9 years Available now
 ! !
! ntains a lot A
G! Surgical spirit co Separating the DN
WARNIN other
Let’s experiment! RN IN
WAl spiri G! Su rg
of
ain ica
alcs aohsp
l lot is nt
ol.iriItt co
lotantiseptic to
ed sasa an
usain
so yo u g theSep
DN ara
A 3ting SietheveDN theA strawberry liquid
tly
er
into the
add the surgical
3
co nt us , Separa tin n,
thegenoth
Let’s experiment!
t no The
id. into
WA RN IN G! Surgica buan tisep
t it’s to iso
o po
alstic theidstra cle
wban
erroth erker
y liqu
bea
Let’s experiment!
Would you like to have a go at seeing
of alcohol. It is
edalc
usof ol.
an an
asoh It is
notmu
isobu
us
kil
tis epl ed
ge
tic
it’sst
us
rm
als
ass,an
to
neyo
, so ur dr
ovepo noit.
isoink cayo
, so
usIt n als 3 Sieve the stra clean beaker
u o ca tch fire wb Sie
err ve
y liqu
e the help of an beaker. Then, gently
into
add
the
. spi
The
therit, pou
gen
n,sur algadd
gicrin
tly it dow
the n the
sur gic ale of the
sid
thesame amount as
there
Would DNA
you likeyourself?
toathave aTry
go this fun experiment,
at seeing kill ge pos,
o rm t it’s als firth
wi
alse it ontch
o ca ly cle theabo
. nUse e ofthe
sidut ker
it dow
gbea
Would you like to have a go seeing kill germs, bu it.eaIt
fir ey.nUs
silca rine of the
spirit, pousid NOreT mix or stir.
muit. st nenveals
It ca r dr ink
cary
o ve tch
airey,heorlpweofll-ventilated, spirit, pouring it down the ut stra
of tthe theerr
as wb
sam re oun
liqu
e yam as the
id.t DO
Seeing the DNA
DNA which
yourself? you
Try can
this do
fun at home. You’ll
experiment, must never drink ry ea
be lpon
eheitad ofly in
ult th th
wian bea . Use
kersam e am isoun
abo
Seeing4the Loo
sil y. Usean ut the or stir. udy layer
DNA yourself? Try this fun experiment, very easily. Use
ve
it on ly wi th th
y,, or, we
an d ma vent
ll-ke reted
suila yo,u do no t bea ker . Use abo
DOwb
is of stra NOerrTymix DO
id.stir.
liquor NO T mix
DNAk for a white, clo
which yougetting
can do DNA
at out
home. of strawberries.
You’ll be adwe ntar
ultll-invean air
ilaea
ted of strawberry liquid. Seeing the DNA k for a what er mixture. You
4 Look for a 4
an
y, or is laythe
which you can do at home. You’ll be an ad ult in an air
noke suth
t ea
br ree inyo u do
its no
fum tes .
cloudy layer
the
ite, clo udyof
top
ud
, an doma white,Loo Youand pick up
etting DNAgetting DNA out of strawberries. su eayo
arre thee.cup
out of strawberries. area, and make the in its fumes
. turtop
at the e. You
tilttur
canmix
of the
in its fum br
esea. of the mix
at the top and
this ng the tweezers.
erkusi
laypic up
breathe up cup
tiltk the
canpic
can tilt the cup and layer using Tha t’s
the twe A!
DNrs.
theeze
this ezers.
DN A layer using the twe
this the DN A!
That’s
DNA That’s the DNA!
DNA

!
! Wow
Wow
! Wow

cells
YOU WILL NEED Breaking open the
WI LL NEED Preparing the 2 openBre
aki
the cellsng op en
Put the
the cewb
stra lls erries into the
WILL NEED YO U » 2 beakers or plastic
cups
1
the Prepa
ring theDNA-extractioBre 2 ng e
akitur
n mix
thewbpla
ies bag
errstic seal it, and crush
Seeing chromosomes
into, the
» cuer s
» or pla sti c cu ps Pre-u p
1paliq
2 tsp washing A-extractionDNmix
rin
uidg
xtreac 2
tio
In n
a mix
bea tur
ker , e
mix Put ether
togthe stra wberrPut intostra
ies the
the
sea l m
it, we
and ll wit
cru hshyour fingers.
Seeing chromosomes
c ak A-etur ,
1
2 be ps up, seal pla bagsh
stic cru
beakers or plasti shi ng- it, and . of the DNA-
Seeing chromosomes
DN of wa bag spo ons
shing1 -u p liqltuid bea
In aeth 2
erker, mix
tea
togspo
eth ons
er pla stic
the m we . h
ll wit you
Add 2r tea
fing ers It’s often hard to see DNA in cells because the
tsp washing »
-u 2
p tsp
liq wa
uid » tsp sa In a bea ker, mix tog id,
washi
liqu
ons of 1 tea
ng- spo
up on
the of
m sal
we t,
ll wit h you r fing ers
extrac
A- ons of tion
the mix
DN A-ture, reseal the
It’s often hard to see chromosomes areinallcells
spread out. However, when
DNspo It’s often hard to cells
see DNA thebecause the
of 2 shi
wa spoup
teang- ons Add
of the2 tea cru shi ng for
ons wa ter. spo tinu e DNA in because
tsp salt » 1 tsp salt » ½ cup water 2 tea
liqu
spo
id, 1 teaspoon of salcup of water.
on ½
and
liquid, 1t,teaspo ofcup
sal of
t, Add
ext
2 tea
extracealtionthe
raction mixture, resand continu
tur,e,and
mixbag
ethe
res
cru
con
eal
minng
r shi
the
.
utefor chromosomescells get
are ready
all to
spread divide,
out. the chromosomes
However, when pack
» ½ cup water 2 strawberriesand ½ cup of water.
» and ½
continubag
,
e crushing for
ano chromosomes are all spread out. However, when
½ cu p wa te r bag , and
another min ute . cells get up
readyandtocopy themselves
divide, the
cells get ready to divide, the chromosomes pack (see
chromosomes Copying
pack your
stic bag another minute.
» 2 strawberries
» 1 resealable pla DNA, page 24).(see Copying your
2 strawberries up and copyup and copy
themselves themselves
(see Copying your

DN
c ba g
sti or coffee filter CLO
» 1 re se
ba ala
g » ble pla
DNA, page 24).

A
pla sti c Sie ve
1 rese ala ble
DNA, page 24). S EU

DN
filter ical spirit CLO
» r or coffe½e cup ice-cold surg
» P

DN

A
Sie
fil teve CLO SE
Sieve or coffee

A
» -c old su rg ica l sp iri t
Do n’t ea t S E UP
» ½ cup ice -c old su½ rg p
cuical »
icesp iri tTw ee ze rs
t
U P
u!) Do n’t ea the se!
Don’t eat
yo
» Tweezers » Tweeze »rs 1 scientist (th at ’s
UNDER THE
» tist (that’s you!) these! these!
1 sc
yo ien
u!)
UNDER THE

DNA?
at ’s
» 1 scientist (th
UNDER THE MICROSCOPE

DNA?
MICROSCOPE
Can I see
DNA?
MICROSCOPE We still haven’t

an I see I see
Can seen the DNA in
We still haven’t
We still haven’t much
seen the DNA in detail, have
seen the DNA in
much detail,we?haveVery powerful Viral DNA Bacterial DNA
It’s very hard to know what something is like unless you can much detail, have microscopes
we? Very powerful canDNA An electron microscope uses a beam
Viral of
Bacterial This DNA (pink) from a bacterium has been
DNA
It’s very
s very hard to see hard
know to
it.whatknow
DNA whattiny
is very
something something
isand is like
unless
likehidden unless
inyou
our can
cells,you
butcan
we have
we? Very powerful Viralhelp
microscopes can
microscopes DNAcanus here… incredibly tiny
An electron microscope
Bacterial
usesparticles
a beam of
DNA
to show microscopic
This DNA (pink)made
fromvisible by an atomic
a bacterium force microscope,
has been
An electron microscope uses aobjects,
beam ofsuch as this
ThisDNA
DNA(blue)
(pink)from
froma avirus.
bacterium hasbuilds
which been up an image of the DNA by
see it.
e it. DNA is veryDNA
some is very
tinytricks tiny and
for getting
and hidden hidden
it out
in our in our
and
cells, cells,
having
but but we have
a look at it!
we have help us here…
help us incredibly incredibly tiny particles
here… tiny particles to show microscopic made visible by
to show microscopic made visible by an atomic force
objects, such as this DNA (blue) from a virus. which builds up
an atomic
microscope,
probing
force microscope,
it with
an image a minute
of the instrument.
DNA by
objects, such as this DNA (blue) from a virus. which builds up an image of the DNA by
some tricks for getting it out and having
me tricks for getting it out and having a look at it! a look at it! probing it with a minute instrument.
probing it with a minute instrument.
12
12 13
13

Now you know all about DNA, have a go at the activity – Content from: The DNA Book
asking an adult for help if you need it. Suitable for 7–9 years Available May
Senses Sound TASTE
We experience the world around Hearing is a special sense. Taste is a special sense. Taste buds detect Smell is a special sense.
us through our senses. Tiny It helps us communicate different types of taste, telling you if the The nose has smell
with others. Listening food you’re eating is sweet or sour. receptors. Food that’s
points around our bodies called to sounds helps us to gone off smells bad.
sensory receptors collect stay safe. When you When you smell it,
hear a car coming, you don’t want to
information about the world you know not to eat it. This protects
outside. This keeps the body cross the road. your body.
safe. It also keeps things such as
temperature at the right level,
so the body can work properly.
Special senses such as sight use
a whole organ to gather Taste buds
information. sit on the
tongue.

Sensory receptors
TEMPERATURE
We can find out how hot or cold something Sight is a special sense with its own organ,
These points around the body gather different is just by touching it. The temperature
information. When you feel hot, your temperature
the eye. Seeing things with our eyes tells us
receptors in our hands tell us a lot about the world. It helps us not to
receptors detect this. They send information to
this information. walk into things!
the brain, which tells you to take your jumper off
so you don’t overheat!

Receptors tell
your brain
you are hot.

Your brain
Pressure
Pressure receptors
Balance
Our sense of balance Balance is
helps you
tell us how hard helps us not to fall sensed in
to grip things. over. Having poor the ear.

Pain
cool down.
Pressure receptors balance means we
in the fingers tell might fall over a lot.
you how hard to hold Being able to walk
Feeling pain is not nice, but it keeps our
things so they don’t in a straight line
bodies safe. Pain receptors detect the pain
get damaged. means you have
and you know not to bump your
head again! good balance.
The right body temperature is important.

40 41

Read this page, then create your own Sense Diary – each hour, Content from: DKfindout! Human Body
write down one thing you see, smell, hear, taste, and touch. Suitable for 7–9 years Available now  Discover more at: www.dkfindout.com/uk