HARISH V

GHS Yerehalli
Ramanagara.
Tenses are the form taken by a verb to show the time of an action
or the state of an event.
There are three tenses : The Present Tense
The Past Tense The Future Tense.

Each of the three tenses has four forms or sub- divisions to show
continuity or completeness of the action and time. These are :
Simple
Continuous
Perfect
Perfect Continuous
The Simple Tense does not indicate whether the action is complete or
not.

The Continuous (Imperfect) Tense that the action is still going on.

The Perfect Tense indicates that the action is complete , finished

or perfect.

The Perfect Continuous Tense indicates that the action began in the
past and is still continuing.
 Subject + Verb1 + Object
❖Expresses a general truth or an action that is occurring now
The sun rises from the east.
❖ Expresses an action that occurs regularly or habitually
She goes to the school regularly.
Positive Sentences Negative Sentences Interrogative Sentences
I write I don’t write. Do I write?
They play. They do not play. Do they play ?
She likes me. She doesn’t like me. Does she like me?
You ask You don’t ask. Do you ask?
 Subject + Is/Am/Are + V1+ ing + Object.
The present continuous tense is used to express an action which is
happening at a particular time in the present or extending over a period of
present time.

Positive Sentences Negative Sentences Interrogative Sentences

I am writing. I am not writing. Am I writing?
They are playing. They are not playing. Are they playing ?
She is sleeping. She is not sleeping. Is she sleeping?
You are asking. You are not asking. Are you asking?
 ❑ Subject + has/have + V3 + Object.
❑ Has -> Singular , Have -> Plural.
❑ The present perfect tense denotes an action that was started in the past and
has just been completed.

Positive Sentences Negative Sentences Interrogative Sentences

I have played. I have not played. Have I played?
They have taken. They have not taken. Have they taken?
She has prepared. She hasn’t prepared. Has she prepared?
Sakshi has eaten. Sakshi hasn’t eaten? Has Sakshi eaten?
 ➢ Subject + has/have + been + V1 + ing + Object
➢ The present perfect tense is used when an action that started in the past
is still continuing.

Positive Sentences Negative Sentences Interrogative Sentences

I have been writing. I have not been writing. Have I been writing?
They have been playing. They have not been playing. Have they been playing?
She has been sleeping. She has not been sleeping. Has she been sleeping?
Ravi has been eating. Ravi has not been eating? Has Ravi been eating?
 ▪ Subject + V2 + Object.
▪ The simple past tense is used for an action which
happened at a particular time in the past.

Positive Sentences Negative Sentences Interrogative Sentences

I played. I didn’t play. Did I play?
They wrote. They did not write. Did they write ?
She made. She didn’t make. Did she make?
You called. You didn’t call. Did you call?
 ⦿ Subject + was/were + V1 + ing + Object.
⦿ The past continuous tense is used for an action which was happening at a
particular time in the past.

Positive Sentences Negative Sentences Interrogative Sentences

I was reading. I was not reading. Was I reading?
They were playing. They were not playing. Were they playing?
She was singing. She was not singing. Was she singing?
You were asking. You were not asking. Were you asking?
o Subject + had + V3 + Object.
o The past perfect tense is used to express an action that was completed before
another action started in the past. It is used with the earlier of the two
actions. The simple past tense is used with the other action.

Positive Sentences Negative Sentences Interrogative Sentences

I had played. I had not played. Had I played?
They had made. They had not made. Had they made?
She had prepared. She had not prepared. Had she prepared?
Leka had eaten. Leka had not eaten? Had Leka eaten?
❖ Subject + had + been + V1 + Object.
❖ The past perfect continuous tense is used for an action that began before a
certain point in the past and continued up to that point.
Positive Sentences Negative Sentences Interrogative Sentences
I had been writing. I had not been writing. Had I been writing?
They had been playing. They had not been playing. Had they been playing?
She had been sleeping. She had not been sleeping. Had she been sleeping?
Ravi had been eating. Ravi had not been eating? Had Ravi been eating?
 ⦿ Subject+ will/shall + V1 +Object.
⦿ The simple future tense is used for an action that will take place at
particular time in the future.

Positive Sentences Negative Sentences Interrogative Sentences

I shall play. I shall not play. Shall I play?
They will read. They will not read. Will they read?
She will sing. She will not sing. Will she sing?
Loki will come. Loki will not come? Will Loki come?
 ➢ Subject + will/shall + be +V1 + ing + Object
➢ The future continuous tense is used to express an action which will be in
progress at a particular time in the future.

Positive Sentences Negative Sentences Interrogative Sentences

I shall be writing. I shall not be writing. Shall I be writing?
They will be asking. They will not be asking. Will they be asking?
She will be going. She will not be going. Will she be going?
Sonu will be seeing. Sonu will not be seeing? Will Sonu be seeing?
• Subject + shall/will + have + V3 + Object.
• Future perfect tense is used to indicate the completion of an action by a certain
period of time in the future.

Positive Sentences Negative Sentences Interrogative Sentences

I shall have played. I shall not have played. Shall I have played?
They will have agreed. They will not have agreed. Will they have agreed?
She will have prepared. She will not have prepared. Will she have prepared?
Balu will have eaten. Balu will not have eaten? Will Balu have eaten?
o Subject + shall/will +have been + V1 + ing + Object.
o The future perfect tense is used when an action is to continue up to a
certain point of time in the future.

Positive Sentences Negative Sentences Interrogative Sentences

I shall have been writing. I shall not have been writing. Shall I have been writing?
They will have been playing. They will not have been playing. Will they have been playing?
She will have been reading. She will not have been reading. Will she have been reading?
Sonu will have been sitting. Sonu will have been sitting? Will Sonu have been sitting?