1|Q u a r t e r 1 (Week 1 Module)

FUNCTION
LESSON 1: Function as Models
LEARNING OUTCOME(S) : At the end of the lesson, the learner is able to represent real life
situation using function, including piece wise function, and solve problem involving functions.

LESSON OUTLINE:
1. Review of relation and function
2. Review the function as machine.
3. Review function and relation as a table of values.
4. Function as representation of real life situation.
5. Piecewise function.

LESSON PROPER
DEVELOPMENT OF THE LESSON
A. Review of the function from Junior High School

A function is a correspondence (relation) between two sets of elements such that to each element in
the first set there corresponds one and only one element in the second set. The first set is called the
domain and the set of all corresponding elements in the second set is called the range.
A function is a relation where each element in the domain is related to only one value in the range by
the some rule. The elements of the domain can be imagined as input to a machine that applies a rule
so that each input corresponds to only one output. A function is a set of ordered pairs (x,y) such that
no two ordered pairs have the same x – value but different y – values.

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A relation is a rule that relates values from a set of values (called the domain) to a second set of
values (called the range). The elements of the domain can be imagined as input to a machine that
applies a rule to these inputs to generate one or more outputs.
The function as a machine
Mention that we will represent mathematical relations as machines with an input and an output and
that the output is related to the input by some rule.
Function Machine Activity

Following guide question about this machine:

a. Which of this machine, if you know that input, can you determine a single or unique output?
Answer: machine (a), (c), (d) and (f)

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b. Which of these machine, if the output is known, can you determine a single or unique input?
Answer: machine (d) and (f)
c. Suppose we connect machine (a) to the machine (c) such that the output of (a) becomes the
input of (c)
Answer: A, R, S, U
Function and relation as a table of values
For the following illustrations of the function and relation, we draw from the definition for relation
and function given at the start of the chapter.
Example to illustrate these concept:

EXAMPLE 1. Which of the following relation are function?

a. f = {(1,2),(2.2), (3,5), (4,5)}
b. g = {(1,3),(1.4), (2,5), (2,6), (3,7)}
c. h = {(1,3),(2.6), (3,9), …,(n, 3n),…}

Answer: The relation f and h are function because no two ordered pairs have the same x-value but
different y-value. While g is not function because (1,3) and (1,4) are ordered pairs with the same z-
value but different y-values,
Relation and functions can be represent by mapping diagrams where the elements of the domain are
mapped to the elements of the range using arrow. In this case, the relation or function is represented
by the set of all the connection represented by the arrows.

EXAMPLE 2. Which of the following mapping diagrams represent function?

Answer. The relation f and g are function because each x ϵ X corresponds to a unique y ϵ Y. The
relation h is not a function because there is at least one element in X for which there is more than one
corresponds y-value. For example, c = 7 corresponds to y=11 or 13. Similarly, x=2 correspond to the
both y= 17 or 19.

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EXAMPLE 3. Which of the following represents a function?

a. y =2x + 1
b. y =x² - 2x + 2
c. x² + y² =1

d.

e.

f. y = [x] + 1where [x] is the greater integer function.

Answer: All are relations.

Definition. The domain of a relation as the set of all possible values that the variable x can take.

EXAMPLE 5. Identify the domain for each relation above using set builder notation.
Answer: The domain for the relation above are as follows.
a. ℝ
b. ℝ
c. [ - 1, 1]
d. [- 1, + ∞]
e. (-∞,1) ∪ (1, + ∞)
f. ℝ

Function as representation of real-life situation.

Function can often be used to model real situation. Identifying an appropriate functional model will
lead to a better understanding of various phenomena.

EXAMPLE 1. Give a function C that can represent the cost of buying x meals, if one meal cost
₱40.
Answer. Since each meal cost ₱40, then the cost function is C(x) = 40x

Piecewise Functions is a function built from pieces of different functions over different intervals.
Some situations can only be described by more than one formula, depending on the value of the
independent variable.

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EXAMPLE 1 : A user is charged ₱300 monthly for a particular mobile plan, which includes 100
free text messages. Messages in excess of 100 are charged ₱1. Represent the amount a consumer
pays each month as s function of the number of messages m sent in a month.

Answer: Let t(m) represent the amount paid by the consumer each month. It can be expressed by
the piecewise function.
300 if 0 < m ≤ 100
t(m) =
300 + m if m >100

EXAMPLE 2: A jeepney ride costs ₱8.00 for the first 4 kilometers, and each additional integer
kilometer adds ₱1.50 to the fare. Use a piecewise function to represent the jeepney face in terms of
the distance d in kilometers.

Answer: The input value is the distance and the output is the cost of the jeepney fare. If F (d)
represents the fare as a function of distance,the function can be represented as follows.
8 if < d ≤ 4
F(d) =
8 + 1.5 (d) if d > 4

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LESSON 2: Evaluates a Function.

LEARNING OUTCOME(S): At the end of the lesson, the learner is able to evaluate functions and
solve problems involving functions.
LESSON OUTLINE:
1. Evaluating of functions

Evaluating a Function
Evaluating a function means replacing the variable in the function, in this case x, with the value
from the functions domain and computing for the result. To denote that we are evaluating f at a for
some a in the domain of f, we write f (a).
If one thinks of the function as a function machine, evaluating a function is analogous to providing
our machines with a valid input.

EXAMPLE 1. Evaluate the following functions at x =1.5:

a. f(x) = 2x + 1
b. q(x) = x² - 2x + 2

Answer: Substituting 1.5 for x in the function above

EXAMPLE 2: Evaluate the following functions, f (x) = (2x + 3) at the given values
a. f (3x – 1)

Answer: To evaluate f (3x – 1), replace all the x in f (x) = 2x + 3 by (3x – 1):
f (3x – 1) = 2(3x – 1) + 3
= 6x – 2 + 3
= 6x + 1

EXAMPLE 3: Evaluate the following function f(x) = x² – 2x + 2 at the given values

a. q(2x + 3)

Answer: To evaluate f(2x + 3), replace all the x in q(x) = x² – 2x + 2 with (2x + 3):

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q (2x +3) = (2x +3)² – 2(2x +3) + 2

= (4x² + 12x + 9) – 4x – 6 + 2
= 4x² + 8x + 5

Example 4: Evaluate f (x) = 3x – 1 at the given values

a. f (4)
b. f (2)
c. f (-1)
Answer:
a. f (4) = 3x – 1 = 3(4) – 1 = 11
b. f(2) = 3x – 1 = 3(2) – 1 = 5
c. f(-1) = 3x – 1 = 3(-1) – 1 = -4

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LESSON 3: Operations on Functions

LEARNING OUTCOME(S): At the end of the lesson, the learner is able to perform addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division and composition of function.
LESSON OUTLINE:
1. Review addition and subtraction of algebraic expression
2. Review multiplication and division of algebraic expression.
3. Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of function
4. Composition of function

Addition and Subtraction

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EXAMPLE 5: Let f(x) = x – 4 and g(x) = 2x – 3 .

Find the functions
a. f + g,
b. f – g,
c. f∙g,
d. f/g.
Answer:

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a. (f + g)(x) = f(x)+g(x)
= x – 4 + 2x – 3
= 3x – 7

b. (f – g)(x) = f(x) – g(x)

= (x – 4) – (2x – 3)
= -x – 1
c. (f g)(x) = f(x) g(x)
= (x – 4) (2x – 3)
= 2x² – 11x + 12

d. (f / g)(x) = f(x) / g(x)

= (x – 4) / (2x – 3)

Composition of Function
The Composition of a function f with another function g is denoted by (read “f composed with g”)
and is defined by
(f ◦ g) (x) = f(g(x))

EXAMPLE 1: Find for (f ◦g)(x) for f (x) = x² - x and g(x) = 3 + 2x.

Answer: (f ◦g)(x) = f(g(x))
= f(3 + 2x)
= (3 + 2x)² – (3 + 2x)
= 9 + 12x +4x² – 3 – 2x
= 4x² + 10x + 6

EXAMPLE 2: Find for (g ◦f)(x) for f (x) = 2x + 1, and g(x) = √ x+1

Answer:

EXAMPLE 3: : Find for (q ◦f)(x) for q(x) = x² - 2x + 2, and for f (x) = 2x + 1

(q ◦f)(x) = q(f(x))
=[f(x)]² - 2[ f ( x ) ]+2
=(2x + 1)² - 2 (2x + 1) + 2
= (4x² + 4x + 1) – (4x +2) + 2
= 4x² + 1

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Name:___________________________ Date:_______________

Q1W1 Activity 1 ( 41 PTS)

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I. Problem Solving
1. Provide a real world example or scenario that can expressed as a realtion that is not a
function.
2. Provide a real world example or scenario that can be modeled by a linear function.
3. A videoke machine can be rented for ₱10,000 for three days, but the forth day onwards, a
additional cost of ₱400 per day is added. Represent the cost of renting a videoke machine as a
piecewise function of the function of the number of days it is rented.
4. The fee for hiring a guide to explore a cave is ₱700. A guide can only take care of a
maximum of 4 persons, and additional guides can be hired as needed. Represent the cost of
hiring guides as a function of the number of the number of tourist who wish to explore the
cave.
5. Define a piecewise function that models this situation by giving a functions equation

6. Find for (q ◦f)(x) for q(x) = x² - 2x + 2, and for f (x) = 2x + 1

Answer
7. Find for (g ◦f)(x) for f (x) = 2x + 1, and g(x) = √ x+1
Answer
8. Find for (f ◦g)(x) for f (x) = x² - x and g(x) = 3 + 2x.
Answer

9. Given f(x) = x – 2, find the following values:

a. f(0)
b. f(3)
c. f( -1)
d. f(ℼ)
e. f(x + 1)
f. f(3x)
10. Given f(x) =√ x+1 , find the following values:
a. f(3)
b. f(4)
c. f(12)
d. f(x – 3)
e. f(x² + 4x + 7)

4
11. Given f(x) = x , find the following values
a. f(1)
b. f(2)
c. f( -1 )
d. f(√2)
e. f(1/x)
f. f(2x)

II. Multiple Choice

12. Express the function f(x) = x² + 3 as the sum or difference of the function ______________.
a. 2x + 1 and x – 1 c. 2x + 1 and x² - 2x + 2
b. x² + 2x + 1 and 2x + 1 d. x² - 2x + 2 and 2x + 2

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13. Subtract q(x) = (x² - 2x + 2) and f(x) = (2x + 1)

a. x² - 4x + 1 c. x² + 4x + 1
b. x² + 3 d. x² + 4x + 3
14. Evaluate f (x) = 3x – 1 at the given values
a. f (4) 11
b. f(2) 5
c. f(-1) -4
15. A ___________is a correspondence _____________between two sets of elements such that
to each element in the first set there corresponds one and only one element in the second set.
a. function, relation c. relation, range
b. Domain, range d. composition, function
16. Is any set of ordered pairs.
a. Range c. relation
b. piecewise d. function
17. A function built from pieces of different functions over different intervals.
a. Relation c. piecewise
b. composition d. range
18. The composition of a function f with another function g is denoted by
a. (f ◦ g) (x) = f(g(x)) c. (f ◦ g) (-x) = f(g(x))
b. (f ◦ g) (x) = f(g(-x)) d. (f ◦ g) (x) = -f(g(x))

19. Means replacing the variable in the function, in this case x, with the value from the functions
domain and computing for the result.
a. Evaluation a function c. value a function
b. Evaluating a function d. extracting a function
20. Evaluate the following functions, f (x) = (2x + 3) at the given values f (3x – 1)
a. 6x + 1 c. 3x – 1
b. 6x – 1 d. -6x + 2
21. Quotient denote as _________
a. f*g c. f–g
b. f/g d. f+g
22. Sum denote as ___________
a. f*g c. f–g
b. f/g d. f+g
23. ______________________of a function f with another function g is denoted by (read “f composed with
g”)
a. Relation c. composition
b. Domain d. range

24. Product denote as ___________

a. f*g c. f–g
b. f/g d. f+g

25. Difference denote as ___________

a. f*g c. f–g
b. f/g d. f+g

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