ILOCOS NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL SY.

2022-2023

GENERAL
MATHEMATICS
First Quarter
SCOPE OF GENERAL MATHEMATICS

Functions Logic

Business
Mathematics
CHAPTER 1
FUNCTIONS
Content Standard
The learner demonstrates an
understanding of the key concepts
of functions.

Performance Standard
The learner is be able to accurately
construct mathematical models to
represent real-life situations using
functions.
 LESSON
1
Function as Models

M11GM-Ia-1

The learner represents real-life situations using functions including

piece-wise functions.
 RELATIONS
A relation is a rule that relates values
from a set of values (called the
domain) to a second set of values
(called the range).
The elements of the domain can be
imagined as input to a machine that
applies a rule to these inputs to
generate one or more outputs.
A relation is also a set of ordered
pairs .
FUNCTIONS
A function is a relation where each
element in the domain is related to
only one value in the range by some
rule.
The elements of the domain can be
imagined as input to a machine that
applies a rule so that each input
corresponds only to only one output.
A function is a set of ordered pairs
such that no two ordered pairs have
the same but different .
Example 1. Which of the following relations are functions?

𝑓 = { ( 1,2 ) , ( 2,3 ) , ( 3,5 ) , ( 4,7 ) } Function

𝑔= {( 1,3 ) , ( 1,4 ) , ( 2,5 ) , ( 2,6 ) , ( 3 ,7 ) } Not a function

h={ ( 1,3 ) , ( 2,6 ) , ( 3,9 ) , … ( 𝑛 , 3 𝑛 ) , … } Function

The relations and are functions because no two ordered pairs have
the same but different . Meanwhile, is not a function because and are
ordered pairs with the same but different .
The function as a machine
Input: Any letter from the alphabet.

Rule: Vowels

Output: a, e, i, o, u
The function as a machine
Input: Any nonzero rational number.
Input: 4, ½ , ¾ , 6

Rule: The reciprocal of that number.

Output: ¼, 2, 4/3, 1/6
Functions and relations as a table of values
Example 1.
𝑓 = { ( 1,2 ) , ( 2,3 ) , ( 3,5 ) , ( 4,7 ) }
𝑔= {( 1,3 ) , ( 1,4 ) , ( 2,5 ) , ( 2,6 ) , ( 3 ,7 ) }
h={ ( 1,3 ) , ( 2,6 ) , ( 3,9 ) , … ( 𝑛 , 3 𝑛 ) , … }
Functions and relations as a table of values
Example 2.
X Y

𝑓
1 3
2 5
3 9
4 17
5 33
Functions and relations as a table of values
Example 2.
X Y
𝑔
5
6 0
7
8 1
9
Functions and relations as a table of values
Example 2.
X Y
h
7 11
13
2 17
19
1 23
Functions as a graph in the Cartesian plane
The Vertical Line Test
A graph represents function if and only if each vertical line intersects
the graph at most once.

If a vertical line intersects a graph twice, say at and at , then the graph
cannot represent a function because two different correspond to
Functions as a graph in the Cartesian plane
Functions as a graph in the Cartesian plane
Important Concepts
• Relations are rules that relate two values, one from a set of inputs
and the second from the set of outputs.
• Functions are rules that relate only one value from the set of
outputs to a value from the set of inputs.

• The is the input variable and the value of the is computed based on the
value of the .
• A relation is a function if for each there corresponds only one .
Try these!
1. Is the relation a function?
Answer: Yes, it is a function.

2. Which of the following diagram represents a relation that is NOT

a function?

Answer: All diagrams,

except for C,
represent a function.
Try these!
3. Can the graph of a circle be considered a function?
Answer: No, it cannot. A circle will fail the vertical line test.
Functions in Real-life Situations
Example 1.
Give a function that can represent the cost of buying iced coffee, if
one iced coffee costs ₱60.

Solution:
Since each iced coffee costs ₱60, then the cost function is

𝐴 ( 𝑥 )=60 𝑥
Function Number of iced coffee

Cost of one iced coffee

Functions in Real-life Situations
Example 2.
One hundred meters of fencing is available to enclose a rectangular
area next to a river. Give a function that can represent the area that
can be enclosed, in terms of

Solution:
𝑥+2 𝑦 =100 𝐴=𝑥𝑦
2 𝑦 =100 − 𝑥 𝐶 ( 𝑥)=𝑥 (50 − 0.5 𝑥 )
𝑦 =50 −0.5 𝑥 𝐶 ( 𝑥)=50 𝑥 − 0.5 𝑥 2
Piecewise Functions
A piecewise function is a function that is a
combination of one or more functions.

{
1
𝑥 +2 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 <0
𝑓 ( 𝑥 )= 2
− 3 𝑥 +2 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 0
Piecewise Functions
Example 3.
A mobile user is charged ₱300 monthly for a particular mobile plan, which
includes 100 free text messages. Message in excess of 100 are charge ₱1 each.
Represent the monthly cost for text messaging using the function , where is the
number of messages sent in a month.

Solution: Monthly fee Additional fee

{
𝑡 ( 𝑚 )= 300 , 𝑖𝑓 0<𝑚 ≤ 100
200 +𝑚 ,𝑖𝑓 𝑚>100
Piecewise Functions
Example 4.
A jeepney ride costs ₱11 for the first 4 kilometers and each additional
integer kilometers adds ₱2 to the fare. Use a piecewise function to represent the
jeepney fare in terms of the distance in kilometers.

Solution:
Amount paid for Additional fare for

{
𝐹 ( 𝑑 ) = 11 , 𝑖𝑓 0< 𝑑 ≤ 4
the first 4 km. the subsequent km

3+2 𝑑 ,𝑖𝑓 𝑑> 4

Piecewise Functions
Try this!
A videoke machine can be rented for ₱1,000 for three days, but for the
fourth day onwards, an additional cost of ₱400 per day is added. Represent the
cost of renting a videoke machine as a piecewise function of the number of days
it is rented.

Solution:

𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=
{ 1,000 , 𝑖𝑓 0< 𝑥 ≤ 3
400 𝑥 −200 ,𝑖𝑓 𝑥> 3