STATISTICS
AND
PROBABILITY
LESSON 1
R ANDOM VARIABLES AND
PROBABILIT Y DISTRIBUTIONS
Statistics
Statistics may be defined as a science of collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of
numerical data.
This definition includes four terms;
1. Collection of Data
2. Presentation of Data
3. Analysis of Data
4. Interpretation of Data
Probability
Mathematical Definition
An event happen A times and does not happen B times and all ways are equally likely then the
probability of happening of an event will be (A/A+B) and probability of not happening of an event
will be (B/A+B)
Statistical Definition
Probability is calculated on the basis of available data or frequencies or pre experiences.
P = r/n
r = Relative frequency
n = Number of the items
Random Variable
– It is a numerical quantity that is assigned to the outcome of an experiment. We use
capital letters to represent a random variable.
Not Like an Algebra Variable. In Algebra a variable, like x, is an unknown value:
Example: x + 2 = 6 In this case we can find that x=4
But a Random Variable is different. A Random Variable has a whole set of values and it could
take on any of those values, randomly.
Example: X = {0, 1, 2, 3} X could be 0, 1, 2, or 3 randomly.
And they might each have a different probability.
Example:
The possible outcomes when you toss a coin. Heads (H or 1) and Tails (T or 0) are the random variables
A Random Variable has a whole set of values and it could take on any of those values, randomly.
Random Variable
A random variable may be classified as discrete or continuous.
Discrete and Continuous Random Variables
A discrete random variable is one that can assume only a countable number of values.
countable number
of possible values
Use whole number
A continuous random variable can assume infinite number of values in one or more intervals.
Uncountable number of
possible values
Typically measurable quantities.
Height
Distance
time
temperature
Can be a fraction or decimal
Example:
Classify each random variable either discrete or continuous
number of pencils in the box amount of antibiotics in the vial
A discrete random variable is one that can A continuous random variable can assume infinite number of
assume only a countable number of values values in one or more intervals
Discrete Random Variables Continuous Random Variables
countable number of values measurable quantities.
number of defective flashlights number of soldiers in the troop
A discrete random variable is one that can assume only A discrete random variable is one that can assume
a countable number of values only a countable number of values
Discrete Random Variables Discrete Random Variables
countable number of values
countable number of values
voltage of radio batteries number of rotten tomatoes in the basket
A continuous random variable can assume infinite A discrete random variable is one that can
number of values in one or more intervals assume only a countable number of values
Continuous Random Variables Discrete Random Variables
measurable quantities. countable number of values
Lifetime of light bulbs in minute length of wire ropes
A continuous random variable can assume infinite A continuous random variable can assume infinite
number of values in one or more intervals number of values in one or more intervals
Continuous Random Variables Continuous Random Variables
measurable quantities. measurable quantities.
SUMMARY
Random Variable
A random variable may be classified as discrete or continuous.
Discrete and Continuous Random Variables
A discrete random variable is one that can assume only a countable number of values.
countable number of possible values
Use whole number
A continuous random variable can assume infinite number of values in one or more intervals.
measurable quantities.
Can be a fraction or decimal
For the Activity
- LOG In to your LMS account:
Watch the video lesson in lms
L02 - Possible Values of a Random Variable
DLP 1
(your answer will be handwritten in any type of paper
and take picture or a PDF FILES )
Note:
Must have name and section per page.
Send your output via LMS, pictures MUST
be in PDF or JPEG format ONLY
THANK YOU!
MARY JEAN AMAR BALLESTEROS
ballesterosmaryjeanamar@gmail.com
