Understanding Random Sampling in Research

Introduction to
Random Sampling
● Defines random sampling as a method
where each member of a population has
an equal chance of being selected.
● Explains the importance of random
sampling in research for reducing bias.
● Highlights how random sampling
contributes to the generalizability of
research findings.
Types of Random
Sampling
● Simple Random Sampling: Every
individual has an equal chance of being
chosen.
● Stratified Random Sampling: Population
divided into subgroups, and random
samples taken from each.
● Cluster Random Sampling: Divides the
population into clusters, then randomly
selects entire clusters.
● Systematic Random Sampling: Selects
every nth individual from a list or
sequence.
 Simple Random Sampling
● Involves using randomization techniques such as lottery or
computer-generated random numbers.
● Ensures no pattern influences the selection of samples.
● Can you think of a situation where simple random sampling
would be ideal?
 Stratified Random
Sampling
● Used when researchers want to ensure
representation across key subgroups or
strata.
● Strata are based on characteristics like
age, gender, or income level.
● How might stratified sampling affect the
diversity of a sample?
 Cluster Random
Sampling
● Practical for large, geographically
dispersed populations.
● Involves randomly selecting groups, not
individuals.
● What are the potential drawbacks of
cluster sampling compared to other
methods?
 Systematic Random Sampling
● Involves selecting every kth individual from a list after a random
start.
● The interval (k) is determined by the population size divided by
the sample size.
● Discuss how systematic sampling might introduce bias compared
to simple random sampling.
 Advantages of Random Sampling
● Reduces selection bias, increasing the validity of results.
● Facilitates a more accurate representation of the population.
● Enhances the reliability and credibility of research findings.
 Challenges in Random Sampling
● Requires a complete and accurate list of the entire population.
● Can be time-consuming and costly, especially for large populations.
● Random selection does not guarantee a perfectly representative sample.
 Random Sampling in Practice
● Discusses how researchers implement random sampling in real-
world studies.
● Provides examples of tools and software used for random
selection.
● Encourages students to consider ethical considerations in
sample selection.
 Conclusion and Reflection
● Summarizes the importance of random sampling in research methodology.
● Asks students to reflect on how random sampling could be applied in their
own potential studies.
● What questions do you have about random sampling that you would like to
explore further?