Antimicrobial Soap Out of Lemongrass

A Research Paper to be presented to

Ms. Ma. Roberta P. Lopoz.

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the strand Science, Technology, Engineering
and Mathematics, this research is entitled Anti-microbial Soap out of Lemongrass
prepared and submitted by the following students:

Ginebeb’s E. Balber
Queenie A. Caling
Christian Dave G. Cuarto
Clint Arthur C. Estares
Jade Franzis B. Manisan
Stephen A. Manlunas
Marnelli P. Paradela
Kenth D. Paragoso
Warren A. Pausanos
Melanie Rose S. Picardal
Crisjohn Rey S. Yano
Chapter 1: Introduction

There are always changes in our surroundings. A thing is

subject to change with corresponding stages of development
that goes with it. Even simple thing is now evolving with
observance of nature and had been significant factor in the
development of it.
For instance, Palmorosa essential oil (Cymbopogon martini
v.motia) is used as fumigation to control beetles like
callosobrucnus chinesis and tribolium castaneum.
In relation to this example, the conducted research study
wanted to develop a certain soap that would evolve not only
working out for health and surrounding but also the generation
of an advance technology.
As a matter of fact, everything that created today would be
based on the knowledge obtained through our needs and our
goal is to come up something new and interesting one.
 Upon searching for an interesting study, the researchers
come up with an idea with regards to the lemongrass to be
conducted as a study. For many years, lemongrass has been
used as culinary flavoring in Asia. The leaves of lemongrass
are cooked with food, especially curries and its stem is peeled
that is available in the market.
With regards to this research about lemongrass, the
researchers are interested to the essential oil of the
lemongrass because of its beneficial biological activities.
As per knowledge, essential oils are one of the main
ingredients of making soap and have been used for more
than 5000 years for natural remedies for various conditions.
Therefore, we wanted to use the essential oil of
lemongrass in making homemade soap to test the
effectiveness of its biological components and for the
improvement of one’s health through the obtained
understanding and knowledge we acquire.
Theoretical Framework
According to Frontier Medicine Soap Making, soap
is a substance that cleans off dirt when used in the
presence of water. In its most common forms, it will
produce bubbles, feel slippery, and remove oils, odors,
and smudges from our skin. It leaves us feeling “clean”
and often smells nice.
Renee Winship pinpointed on his article the first
detergents were introduce in 1916 wherein mineral slats
in water combined with soaps to create insoluble soaps
curds. The function of soaps help deep clean and sanitize.
According to Tim Hodgson, soap provides two
functions: it is lubricant and may contain agent that
disinfect and neutralize bacteria. The lubricant in soap is
what will cause dirt to be lifted or moved off the skin with
the help of water.
Conceptual Framework

According to Dr. Nivedita Dadu,

Antibacterial soaps: These soaps have an added
antibacterial agent like triclosan or
trichlocarbon. The pH is in the range of 9 to 10,
and these are available in liquid or solid bar
forms. Antibacterial soaps have gained special
importance recently. They form the first line of
defense against micro- organisms and harmful
agents.
 As we choose to conduct the study about anti-
bacterial or antimicrobial soap, we need to present a
flow on how we will be getting the research
satisfaction.
This will be flow on how we will be getting the
data needed and in order to present the results.

First, we will make the soap. Next, we will be

making a questionnaire and gather the respondents.
We will give the questionnaire to the respondents’
right after we finished making our questionnaire.
After that, we will present the data gathered,
analyze, and interpret. Lastly, we can now draw a
Statement of the Problem
Establishing the statement of the problem helps in
determining the efficiency of our conducted research. This
study is aimed to seek the following questions:
1. Demographic profile of the respondents (students in
OLPHA).
a. Age
b. Gender
2. What will the first impression of our respondents with
regards to our soap?
3. What will be the reaction of our respondents with regards
to soap (in a week of testing) in:
• Treating Pimples
• Moisturizing the skin
• Both
4.Feedback of our respondents.
5. What will be the actions of the researchers if
the soap is effective, they will be:
• Conducting more possible experiment that
might improve its quality
• Produce a mass packaging for the soap (if
possible)
• Advertising the soap leading to business (if
possible)
6. What will be the actions of the researchers if
there is/are side effect/s with regards to the
soap?
Hypotheses
Lemongrass has many benefits for us. Its leaves and oil are used to make
medicine. Some people apply lemongrass, and its essential oil directly to the skin
for headache, stomachache, abdominal pain and muscle pain. By inhalation, the
essential oil of lemongrass is used as aromatherapy for muscle pain.
We predicted that the making of soap will be difficult if we will be using the
hot process. The term hot process is the use of heat for making soap in just a few
minutes. However, we found out that the major downside of this process is that
above the average we will be getting failure if the temperature is not constant.
That is why, we predicted to use the cold process in making our soap to avoid
much expense if we will be failed in doing the hot process.
Moreover, we expect that in dealing such chemicals needs protective gears.
That is why; we do buy the significant gears in conducting our experiment such
as eye protector, rubber gloves, lab gowns or aprons, and masks.
We thoroughly conducted more researches in relation to our conducted
study. We found out that lemongrass soap is already discovered and being mass
produced.
In relation, the researchers predict that the soap they make has a potential
in treating pimples and moisturizes the skin.
Out of seven respondents we gathered for the testing of our soap, may be,
it will be on the average on the percentage that they will love our soap.
Significance of the study

This study lays a significant contribution in the

society. We conducted this study not just to prove that
the soap we are making is effective but we do have a big
concern in the society with regards in keeping their great
personal hygiene and avoid skin diseases if possible.
Mostly teenagers suffer from unwanted dirt and oil
that causes pimples. Proper hygiene must be
implemented to avoid this case. However, most of the
soaps nowadays have high chemical content that affects
our sensitive skin.
We need to seek assistance in experts to come up an
advice to our problems. However, it is an additional
expense in consulting the experts plus the medication
itself.
 That is why, we are just not concern in one’s
hygiene and its effectiveness but to come up a
homemade soap for the mass for be able to meet
the standards of high and less cost of soap that you
can make.
This study corresponds to the stages of
development in other researches that have
developed. We wanted to take this opportunity we
have to evolve a much improvement to other earlier
researches about lemongrass soap.
Although it is already have proven, this
researcher may have potential in helping future
researchers if they touch this kind of study and
experiment that will improve the existing knowledge
Scope and Limitations
This study focuses on lemongrass. As we gather
information through textbooks and surfing the internet,
we found out that the essential oil coming from
lemongrass is important in making our soap.
Moreover, we narrowed down the essential
ingredients in making of our soap such as the lye, essential
oil of lemongrass, coconut oil and rosemary powder.
Most commonly used oil in making soap is olive oil
due to its benefits in the skin. However, olive oil is too
much expensive for the making of our soap. We use
coconut oil as an alternative because it is cheaper and the
benefits you can get are also justifiable.
In making of our essential oil, we scan some of the
related studies of how to get and extract the essential oil
in the lemongrass.
With regards to our respondents, our group decided that
we only choose teenagers ranging 15 to 19 years old in
using our soap. We choose this age bracket because of the
following reasons:
• The amount of soap we have produced is not enough to
cater 11 to 20 respondents. As a result, we have
minimized the maximum range of age bracket (in
respondents)
• The group believes that these ages mostly experience
such personal attention to themselves especially with
their hygiene and their skin.
The group wanted to determine if the past studies in
relation to lemongrass as a hand sanitizer and/or
lemongrass as soap is effective in one’s skin in such a way
that it helps people see the difference of using commercial
soap in the market and in making a homemade soap.
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature and Studies

Related Literature
Lemongrass is proven to be a wonder grass. It is
widely used in Asian countries. The part of this chapter
will have brief explanation of the Cymbopogon citratus,
also known as, lemongrass as the main idea of the
conducted research study.
In Compton’s Encyclopedia, Citronella oil is one of
the essential oils obtained from the leaves and stems of
different species of cymbopogon one of which is
Cymbopogon citratus or lemongrass. The oil is used
extensively as a source of perfumery chemicals such as
citronellal, citronellol and geraniol. These chemicals find
extensive use in soap, perfumery, cosmetic and flavoring
industries throughout the world.
 In Grolier’s Encyclopedia, Cymbopogon citratus is a
genus of about 55 species of grasses, native to warm,
temperate and tropical regions of the Old World and the
Oceania . It is a tall, perennial grass. Common names
include lemongrass, barbed wire grass, silky heads,
citronella grass, fever grass or Hierba Luisa amongst many
others. Lemongrass is widely used as an herb in Asian
countries particularly Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, Malaysia,
Indonesia, Sri Lanka and even in the Philippines. It has a
citrus flavour and can be dried, powdered or used fresh.
The main constituent of lemongrass oil is citral, which
makes up around 80% of the total. Lemongrass is widely
used in teas, soaps and curries. It is also suitable for
poultry, fish and seafood. It is often used as a tea in
African and Latino American countries. Lemongrass in
some cases has been used as mild depressant for the
Related Studies

Studies on regarding to lemongrass soap prove its

effectiveness in our skin. The crucial part in making the
lemongrass soap is the process of obtaining its essential oil
due to the fact that its oil proves to be anti-microbial or
antifungal. In this part, there will be a brief review of some
of the studies in obtaining the lemongrass oil in part of
producing lemongrass soap and some of the studies on the
effectiveness of the lemongrass soap.
The first part of a brief review talks about yielding an
essential oil as part of making the lemongrass soap.
A study was conducted by Chinnama N.P and Menon
P.K.G on the effect of pre-treatment of lemongrass by the
way of chopping and wilting before distillation. The study
revealed that there is a significant increase in oil yield due to
 Chadrasekharan Nair K conducted a study
on the effect of steam under different pressures
on the distillation of lemongrass. It is seen that
no significant difference in oil yield and citral
percentage results in extraction of the oil under
different pressures.
A study on the antifungal action of
lemongrass oil observed that the essential oil
from a mutant strain of Lemongrass (LM-81)
possessed remarkable antifungal activity.
Lastly, this part will briefly review the effectiveness of lemongrass soap in our
skin.

An article written by Sonia Metha in stylecraze.com pinpointed the 9

Health Benefits of Lemongrass Soap. The article exposed that the main
ingredient of lemongrass is Citral, which is well known for its use in perfumery.
Lemongrass is anti-bacterial, anti-microbial and fungicidal. It is also used in
natural products like essential oil formulas, handmade soaps, spa products and
natural skin care products. The benefits pinpointed in the article are the
following:

1. Treats Pimples:
Lemongrass soap acts as an anti-bacterial and anti-fungal agent, which
means it is beneficial for pimple/acne prone skin. Use it regularly for better
results.
2. Beneficial For Skin:
Lemongrass acts like a toner, minimizing pores of the skin and toning
the tissues and muscles. It reduces wrinkles, so use the soap for a toned and
clear complexion.
3. Improves Hair Health:
Some soap bars are exclusively made for
hair cleansing. Lemongrass soap, when
combined with various essential or carrier oils,
makes a perfect blend for the hair.
4. Relieves Stress:
Lemongrass has a calming effect.
5. Can Help Prevent Insects:
Citronellal, one of the chemicals in
lemongrass, is also a mild insecticide. Though it
cannot be relied upon to prevent dangerous
mosquito bites, it does prevent some insect
bites.
 6. For Animals:
Using lemongrass soap for animals particularly
prevents ticks and fleas.
7. As A Hand Sanitizer:
Lemongrass contains anti-bacterial and anti-
fungal properties that help kill bacteria.
8. Helps Reduce Cellulite:
Using lemongrass essential oil soap can help you
minimize cellulite bumps. Massage the soap well into
the skin. Thereafter, brush the skin gently using a body
brush to finish with a final rinse.
9. Helps Prevent Body Odor:
Using lemongrass soap on a regular basis will help
those who are suffering from poor body odor and
Chapter 3: Methodology

This part of the chapter covers the explicit details on how the
researcher organized and collected the given data. It include, the research
method, research environment, the respondent and sampling procedures,
data gathering, research instrument and their validity.

Research Method

This study is an example of quantitative research for it required a

complete analysis and explanation of our study, which the result it should be
precise.
Moreover, this study is also an example of experimental research study
since the researchers use experiment to create a Lemongrass Soap, from its
essential oil as the main ingredient.
The researchers also use scientific method to establish a cause – effect
relationship towards on the respondent which also happens as a laboratory
study.
The study describes and explains the results of the study as a basis of
the effectiveness of the lemongrass soap. Its purpose is to determine the
Research Design
Introduction
Researchers wanted to test the effectiveness of the lemongrass as
soap and obtain significant information that might be added for future
researches. Doing so, different types of research design will be
presented on this chapter to help potential future researchers.

Experimental Research
This study strikes a deep thought if our homemade soap out of
lemongrass will be effective in treating such bacteria. However, this
study was just a duplication of the different studies conducted about
the lemongrass (as its essential oil and as soap). According to an article
written by Sonia Metha, the main ingredient of lemongrass is Citral,
which is well-known for its anti-bacterial.
In relation, researchers wanted to conduct an experiment by
making soap out of lemongrass. Researchers gathered sufficient data on
how to make soap as a first step of our study. The next action to be
done is to know how to extract the essential oil of the lemongrass as
our main ingredient of our soap. Once the steps are done, researchers
Exploratory Research
Aside of conducting an experiment,
researchers wanted to gather and obtain more
knowledge about making soap. Soap cleanses
away dirt and oil in our body yet we cannot
make a homemade soap.
Moreover, we wanted to explore ourselves
in getting to know the important ingredients in
soap-making which we can share to the people
who wanted to know.
Research Environment
Introduction
Researchers use two places in ensuring the output of the conducted
research. First, the leader of the group conducted the testing of making the
soap and extraction of the essential oil of the lemongrass at home. Once the
leader had the experiment right, he can now introduce it to the members of
the group to guide them on what will be the precise action to do.

Research Locale
The testing of experiment is done at Purok 12 Zone 4 Fuentes Iligan City
at the residence of Jade Franzis B. Manisan. The group decided that the
leader will conduct first the experiment to limit or to avoid the unwanted
mistakes that might happen during the final testing and experiment in soap-
making. The leader also measured already the amount of ingredients involve
in soap-making to minimize the time consumption. Once it is already done,
the leader of the group oriented first the members on how to deal with the
experiment such as: wearing of protective gears while conducting research to
avoid accidents that might happen, handling the materials and equipment
properly with care, and carefully understand the procedures.
 The final testing of the experiment was
conducted in Our Lady of Perpetual Help
Academy, Poblacion Linamon Lanao del Norte
where the making of lemongrass soap
happened. The school is not too small but it can
accommodate what we need in our research.
The school laboratory had enough accessible
facilities to provide our needs in crafting the
lemongrass soap. The school is headed by our
school principal, Miss Ma. Roberta P. Lopoz.
Respondents and Sampling Procedures
Sampling Procedures
The study used stratified sampling in determining
the sample of this study. Here are the procedures:
The population we used came from the Our Lady
of Perpetual Help Academy School. We decided that
we need selected teenager students ranging 15 to 19
years old in the school for the testing of our soap.
We choose this age bracket since the researchers
have the knowledge that within this age bracket, the
teens now perceive the value of personal hygiene
within themselves. Aside of perceiving the value of
personal hygiene, they are also concern in choosing
the right soap they wanted.
Respondents
We foresee that most of the respondents that we
will be approaching are doubtful enough in using our
soap in the face. We wanted that our respondents will be
using the soap in their face but few enough disagree to
us. For solving the situation we faced, we came up with a
solution that we let our respondents to choose any parts
of the body they wanted to use with our soap.
We randomly choose students ranging this age
bracket since we cannot decide the minds of the
respondents because others will not risk themselves in
using our soap. However, there are respondents that are
interested to cooperate with us for the testing of the
soap. We are grateful that even if the numbers of
respondents are against our odds we have already
slightly enough respondents to present with.
Data Gathering Procedures
One of the purposes of the conducted research is to
identify the participant’s emotion, feelings and opinions in
using our soap.
We did not do personal interview instead we do focus
on letting our participants to use the soap for a week to have
a direct and personal contact with regards to the soap and
their first impression of the soap after a first try of it. Here
are the procedures:
1. We eliminated random questions coming from our
group discussion and selected those that are significant
enough for our study.
2. We solidify these questions through searching more
qualified data in books and in the internet.
3. We decided that we let our respondents use our
soap to comply the exposure of conducted study.
 As far as the data collection tools were
concerned, the conduction of the research
involved the use of the semi-structured
questionnaire which was used as guide for us
researcher.
Some certain questions were preferred in
order for the researcher to attain the
satisfaction of the research objective. Moreover,
we communicate with them for further
knowledge and concern we can get for possible
enhancement of our conducted research study.
Research Instruments and Their Validity
Acquiring data is complex when there are
no research instruments. For be able to acquire
data, first we conducted an experiment with
regards to the making of our soap. Below are
the list of ingredients, protective gears, and the
materials and equipment we use.
Measured Ingredients Materials Protective
Gears
Coconut oil 467.5 mL Weighing Whisk Eye protector
scale
Lye 68.5 mL Pyrex Pitcher Beaker Rubber
(250 mL) gloves
Water 180 mL Aluminum Molder Masks
Basin
Essential Oil 10 mL Spatula Measuring Apron
spoons
Rosemary 25 mL tablespoons Paper
powder
 Moreover, we provide letter for the respondents for an
approval. We also make a questionnaire for them to answer.
Questions in the questionnaire are related to the conducted
study and these are the following:

1. What is your first impression of our soap after a first try?

2. After using our soap for a week, is our soap really effective in:
• Treating pimples
• Moisturizing skin
• Both
• None of the above
3.What is your feedback in our soap?
• Satisfied
• Not
4. Is our soap has side effect/s on your skin?
• Yes
Procedures in Making the Lemongrass Soap
Extraction of Essential oil of the Lemongrass
The first step in making our lemongrass soap is to extract
first the essential oil of the lemongrass. We conduct the
extraction of the essential oil of the lemongrass at Jade Franzis B.
Manisan’s residence. Here are the steps in extraction:
1. We prepare the materials and ingredients needed.
2. We pounded the lemongrass using the mortar
and pestle.

3. We chopped the lemongrass excluding its

leaves.
4. We prepare the coconut oil to be heated in
fire using stove.

5. Once it gets hot, we put the chopped

lemongrass in.
6. We carefully stir and wait until it becomes
golden brown.

7. When the lemongrass becomes golden

brown, we turned the heat off and prepare the
strainer.
8. We use strainer in pouring the essential oil
from the Pyrex pitcher to avoid unnecessary
chopped lemongrass to pass through. We put
the essential oil in a small jar and set it aside at a
room temperature for a week.
Preparing the Materials, Equipment, and the
Ingredients
The group decided that the leader will be the one
that will prepare the materials, equipment, and the
ingredients. The leader also measured the ingredients
already to eliminate the time consumption in the
making of the soap. Here are the steps in preparing the
ingredients to be measured:
1.Prepare all the things needed.
2. Start in measuring the lye. In dealing with lye,
you need to wear eye protector and a pair of
rubber gloves for safety purposes.

3. Next, measure the amount of coconut oil

needed in the experiment.
4. Lastly, measure the amount of distilled water
needed.
Making of Lemongrass Soap
Making of the Lemongrass Soap
Finally, the group makes the soap. Here are
the steps on how we did it:
1. Pour the measured distilled water on a mixing
bowl to make a lye solution.
2. Make sure to pour the lye on the water, not
the water on the lye, stir.

3. Let the mixture cools down first because the

lye rises its temperature upon mixing with water.
4. The next step is to prepare the coconut oil
and pour it into another mixing bowl.

5. Pour the lye mixture into the bowl of coconut

oil.
6. Stir and mix the mixture until the desired
texture is achieved. Put the rosemary powder
and mix thoroughly. Prepare the molder and
gently pour into the molder. Set aside the
product and wait for three to four weeks for it to
cure and ready to use.
Statistical Treatment
Introduction
This part shows the statistical treatment we
use to present the data gathered on our survey
and will be presented to the next part of the
chapter.
Here is our statistical treatment:
• We will present the answers of our respondents
in question no.1 in a sentence form.
• We will be using bar graphs in presenting the
demographic profile.
• We will present in pie graphs the answers of the
respondents in question numbers 2, 3, and 4 in
Presentation of Data
After researchers gathered the data needed for the study,
it is time to reveal what are the answers of our respondents.
There are 14 respondents involve for the testing of the soap. In
the first place, researchers need to have solutions to the stated
problems they imposed.
We will present the demographic profile of the
respondents.
Table 1 Age of Respondents

Age (in years) Frequency Percentage (%)

14-16 6 42.86
17-19 8 57.14
Total 14 100
 Figure 1: Age of Respondents
Figure 1 portrays the age of respondents
ranging 14 to 19 years old. This reflects that ages
17 to 19 years old has the highest number of
respondents.
Table 2 Gender of Respondents
Gender Frequency Percentage (%)
Male 7 50
Female 7 50
Total 14 100

Figure 2: Gender of Respondents

 Figure 2 portrays the gender of
respondents. This reflects that male and female
have equal number.

The next part, we will present the answers

of our respondents in our questionnaire.
First, we will be presenting the question
number 1 in our questionnaire and it goes like
this, “What was your first impression after a first
try?” Here are the answers of our respondents.
Name: Michelle S. Cajes
Age: 16
Gender: Female
Answer: Michelle said that her first impression to our soap after a first try was
effective.

Name: Kent Vincent T. Mantiza

Age: 18
Gender: Male
Answer: Kent said that he feels refresh just like the other soap that he has already
tried.

Name: Christine Rose P. Samar

Age: 16
Gender: Female
Answer: Michelle said that she felt and smells the lemongrass (extract) that is mixed
in the product.

Name: Christian Dave G. Cuarto

Age: 17
Gender: Male
Name: Agustin Zaldy B. Jamen Age: 15
Age: 18 Gender: Female
Gender: Male Answer: Danielle said that she feels blooming and her
Answer: Zaldy said that his first impression to our soap oily face lessens.
after a first try was odorless.
Name: Jade Franzis B. Manisan
Name: Dianna Therese R. Borja Age: 18
Age: 17 Gender: Male
Gender: Female Answer: Jade said that he smells the fragrance of the
Answer: Dianna said that our soap was good. lemongrass extract.

Name: Chrisjohn Rey S. Yano Name: Clint Arthur C. Estares

Age: 17 Age: 19
Gender: Male Gender: Male
Answer: Chrisjohn said that he feels cleaner than before. Answer: Clint said that the soap was really good after he
first tried it.
Name: Trisha Jean B. Manisan
Age: 15 Name: Shaina Maxine I. Baguio
Gender: Female Age: 15
Answer: Trisha said that she feels refresh. Gender: Female
Answer: Maxine said that she feels refreshing after using
it.
Name: Melanie Rose S. Picardal
Age: 18
Name: Kent Harold A. Genon
Gender: Female
Age: 15
Answer: Melanie said that her first impression to our
soap after a first try is that the soap was good. Gender: Male
Answer: Kent said that our soap was really great.
Name: Danielle D. Coronel
Second, we will present the answers of the
respondents with regards to the question
number 2 in our questionnaire.
“After using our soap for a week, is our soap
really effective in:
• Treating pimples
• Moisturizing skin
• Both
• None of the above
Below shows a pie graph of the answer of the respondents in the
question number 2.

Respondents' Answer in Question no.2

8%

15% 31%

Treating Pimples
Moisturizing Skin
Both
None of the above

46%

Figure 3: Respondents’ Answer in Question no. 2

To clarify, there are 14 respondents in total.
• The number of respondents who answered that
our soap is effective in moisturizing skin is 6 out
of 14 respondents which it garners 46 %.
• The number of respondents who answered that
our soap is effective in treating pimples is 5 out
of 14 respondents which it garners 31 %.
• The number of respondents who answered that
our soap is effective in treating pimples and
moisturizing skin is 2 out of 14 respondents
which it garners 15%.
• The number of respondents who answered that
our soap is ineffective is 1 out of 14
Third, we will present the question number 3 in
our questionnaire.

“What is your feedback in our soap?”

• Satisfied
• Not
Below is a pie graph of the answer of the
respondents in question number 3.
Respondents' Answer in Question no.3
7%

Satisfied
Not

93%

Figure 4: Respondent’s Answer in Question no. 3

• There are 13 out of 14 respondents who are
satisfied to our soap.
• Only 1 is not satisfied.

Therefore, we perceive that the

respondents like our soap in general. Although
there was a respondent who does not satisfied
in our soap, we will present his thoughts about
why he was not satisfied on our soap in the next
part of this chapter.
Fourth, we will present the last question in our
questionnaire.

“Is our soap has side effect/s on your skin?”

• Yes
• No
Below is a pie graph of the answer of our
respondents in question number 4.

Figure 5: Respondent’s Answer to Question no. 4

• There are 13 out of 14 respondents who
answered that our soap has/have no side
effect/s in their skin.
• Only 1 answered yes.

Therefore, researchers are amazed that

there were no side effects in the soap in general.
Although there was a respondent who had
experienced the side effect/s, we will be
presenting her thoughts about why it occurs on
the next part of this chapter.
Analyses and Interpretation of Data

This part of the chapter shows the analyses and

interpretation of the data that is being presented on the
previous part to determine the positive and negative side
of our research study.
To start with, we will interpret the first question
stated in our questionnaire. The first impression of
respondents with regards to our soap was really satisfying
for us researchers. Most of the respondents answered
that our soap was really good, feels refreshing, and felt
and smell the fragrance of our soap. Although there was a
respondent named, Agustin Zaldy B. Jamen said that our
soap was odorless; we think that it is not a hindrance for
us since he stated what his thought in our soap is.
 Second, we will analyze the answer of the respondents with
regards to the second question. The highest number of
respondents in the results is that our soap is effective in
moisturizing skin which it garners 46 %. This signifies that our soap
was a contender for moisturizing the skin. Next in the rank is the
number of respondents who answered that our soap is effective in
treating pimples which it garners 31 %. The number of respondents
who answered that our soap is effective in treating pimples and
moisturizing skin is the next in the line which it garners 15%. The
last will be the number of respondents who answered that our
soap is ineffective which it garners 8%.
We can conclude that our soap is an antimicrobial soap.
Antimicrobial means that it kills possible bacteria in one’s body. If
you are confuse that the highest in the rank was to be able to
moisturize one’s skin, it is also a way of eliminating bacteria. There
is a reason why the skin is not moisturized. Possible reason is that
your skin is dry. Dryness of skin causes two reasons: first is that is
lacks vitamins needed in order to revitalize your skin, and second is
that there might be bacteria or germ that causes it to dry.
 In addition, we wanted to completely solidify
our conducted research study by pinpointing the
second in the ranking of the answers of the
respondents in question number 2, treating pimples.
Pimples or acne occurs due to the presence of
bacteria. Treating Pimples has 31% of the population
and it garners a great percentage. This clearly
signifies that our soap is capable in treating pimples.
Overall, if we will sum up the respondents who
answered that our soap is capable in moisturizing
skin and the respondents who answered that our
soap is capable of treating pimples, it would garner
77% of the population which it is clearly proves that
our soap was an antimicrobial soap.
 Third, we will interpret the third question. Over 13 out of
14 respondents who answered that they are satisfied to our
soap. This means that the respondents have a good feedback
to our soap simply because they find it beneficial for them. To
the person who does not satisfied in our soap, Kent Vincent T.
Mantiza, we have approached him already and he gives his
concern. He said that he found that there were no changes
occur in his face. He added that he has pimples after a week of
using.
Researchers analyze this problem and have theories: first
is that maybe the relationship between the soap and the
pimples is not effective after a week of using. Researchers
guess that maybe it needs 2 to 3 weeks for him for be able to
see the changes that might occur. Second, researchers guess
that there might be a possible occurrence of another batch of
pimples. Researchers attain this thought because of everyday
activities, it could be cause of stress or it could be some sort of
bacteria present.
 Lastly, we will interpret the fourth question. There are 13
out of 14 respondents who answered that our soap has/have
no side effect/s in their skin. This means that we successfully
made our soap with minimal side effect/s in the skin.
However, we cannot escape the fact that there are people
who have sensitive skin that is why our respondent named,
Christine Rose P. Samar had a side effect on her and that is she
experiences the redness of her skin. We had no clue how it
happened but we talk to her and she said that she only
experience it on the first two days of using it. However, she
said that after of that past days, her skin became moisturize.
Researchers guess that Christine’s skin needs an
adjustment when it comes to the type of soap she will be
using. This means that when she uses our soap her skin may
have the possibility in adjusting with the chemicals present in
our soap. However, her skin manages to adopt it and it
moisturizes. We are happy that the side effect does not last
 To sum up, we find our research study meets
the average success even though there are lapses.
Now, we will be answering the fourth and fifth
stated problem in the statement of the problem.
Researchers decide to conduct more possible
experiment that might improve the quality of the
soap. We should be precise in every experiment that
we will be doing in order to gain a better result.
To the last stated problem, we will be listing
the possible side effects that the respondents
experience. In this case, we can identify the possible
disadvantages of our soap that needs to be
eliminated. If the situation became worse, it is our
responsibility to pay and to consult to the nearest
clinical establishment.
Chapter 5: Summary, Findings, Conclusions, and
Recommendations

Summary
Researchers are interested to the lemongrass.
They wanted to study also the essential oil of the
lemongrass because of its beneficial biological activities.
The study entitled “Antimicrobial Soap out of
Lemongrass” is designed to test the validity of our
Lemongrass Soap.
The study was conducted with 14 respondents at
Our Lady of Perpetual Help Academy, Linamon Lanao
del Norte. The main purpose of this paper was to
determine the profile our respondents in terms of using
the soap if it has a health benefits as soap and sanitizer
 The tip of the lemongrass was cut into
pieces and we extracted it until we obtain the
essential oil this essential oil had biological
activities that make the soap more effective and
improves one’s health to prevent bacterial
growth in the body.

With this idea, we came up that we should

apply the essential oil of lemongrass in our soap
to acquire Antimicrobial soap out of lemongrass.
Findings

Introduction
The part of this chapter presents a summary of the
findings we get. We only pinpointed those that are significant
to be presented.
In relation to what we have analyzed and interpret, we
find out that:
• Lemongrass soap is proven to be effective as an
antimicrobial.
• After a week of using, the respondents seem to have
beneficial changes in them.
• Majority of the respondents rated the soap very good for
they say that it can eliminate pimples, moisturizes the skin,
or both.
• Only 1 out of 14 respondents does not satisfy with our soap.
Conclusion

Researchers are indeed honored to conduct this kind of study.

This study helps individuals in getting further knowledge that the
lemongrass can be made as soap.
People can say that it is just not only for culinary purposes
especially in our country here in the Philippines. It is rare for us to
know that lemongrass can be made as soap.
Moreover, the conducted study was successful because the
revelation of the results coming from our respondents strikes a good
impact to us researchers. With this, researchers achieve their
satisfaction on the conducted research study.
The study serves as guideline to other researchers who will get in
touch in studying soap. With this study, they are guided on what they
will do since the procedures in making the soap and extraction of the
essential oil are cited in this research study.
We do not forget that we need to conduct more possible
experiment in the soap. Researchers know that there is a slightly
negative result. Even though this negative impact is minimal, we
Recommendations

Base on the Findings and Conclusion derived from the study, the
researchers hereby recommend the following to the future researchers.
1. There must be a huge amount of study and experiment towards
on this research to develop the effectiveness of lemongrass soap and to
be a better product.
2. The school must give enough time to conduct this research so
that we can establish an explicit result about the pros and cons of this
soap and also to accomplish more experiment.
3. We are highly recommending that this soap will be produced in
the local market as a consumer product.
4. The researchers are highly advised instead of using the
lemongrass to produce soap and more exact why not to use also Aloe
Vera soap for it produces more essential oil.
5. More laboratory facility will going to provide in manufacturing
the soap, this laboratory will help in experimentation to test the anti-
bacterial soap out of lemongrass so that we can come up to support
our conclusion appropriate.