THE POTENTIALITY OF ORANGE

(Citrus X Sinensis) PEEL EXTRACT AS

DISHWASHING LIQUID AND ODOR

DEODORIZER

Laureta, Chen Nicole M.

Bautista, Mikko G.

Lagado, Allen Glenn C.

(11 STEM Gauss)

 Chapter 1
Introduction

I. Background of the study

Washing dishes is one of the major house chores our parents are facing every day.

One of the hardest parts of washing dishes are the tough stains and grease that is all over

the common kitchen tools we use in our everyday life. In order to minimize the time of

removing those dirt, people usually use commercial dishwashing liquids. Many

commercial household cleaning products contain effective ingredients that are really hard

to get but these are also not good for our health. It is labeled “harmful if swallowed”.

Each time people wash their dishes, some residue is left on them which gathers together

with each washing. Your food picks up part of the residue, especially if your meal is hot

when you eat it. What is the most common way to get rid of bacteria? Everyone would

agree that nothing’s better than soap.

In the present time and age, soap is an essential part of building one’s health when

it comes to the aspect of personal hygiene. Soaps do it all. We use them to clean our

whole body. But based from the goaskalice.columbia.edu, regular soaps don’t actually

KILL germs – rather, they take them off the skin, allowing these germs to be rinsed off

by water.

Soap is not limited to be used as a body cleaner. It is also used to clean the dishes

– it is called dishwashing soap or liquid.

 Consumerreports.org placed that dishwashing soaps come in many forms –

tablets, gel, and powder – but they often come in liquid form because they are less messy

than a plain bar of soap based from the health.harvard.edu.

These soaps can clean but are full of chemicals that are toxic – most especially for

children. Because of the spread of dishwashing liquids that claim to be all-natural

available in the market today, one cannot determine who’s true and who’s not. This study

aims to develop an organic dishwashing liquid made with real orange peels.

Based from tasmanchemicals.com, ORANGE PEEL is a highly concentrated citrus

based neutral liquid detergent formulated as an “all natural” cleaner which can be used for

a variety of cleaning applications. It is a clear yellow liquid with a fresh orange fragrance.

ORANGE PEEL has a wide variety of uses including hand dishwashing operations in all

institutional areas such as hospitals, food service, clubs and restaurants, hard surface

cleaning such as floors, cars and benchtops. The highly active biodegradable “naturally

derived” detergents used in ORANGE PEEL ensure that the toughest soils and grease are

removed quickly and effectively to leave all surfaces sparkling clean. The naturally derived

ingredients are also gentle on the skin.

Essential oils made from citrus fruits such as oranges has the potential to be used

as an all-natural antimicrobial, to improve the safety of foods. Orange oil has been found

to prevent the spread of the dangerous bacteria E. coli, which is present in contaminated

foods and can cause serious reactions including kidney failure. Since it contains powerful
antimicrobial compounds, orange oil has been found to also inhibit the spread of

salmonella bacteria, which can cause fevers and gastrointestinal reactions when

contaminated food is consumed.

A 2010 study found the essential oil from Citrus sinensis (sweet orange, blood

orange and navel orange) to be a potent and non-toxic anti-fungal. Orange oil completely

inhibited aflatoxin B1, a poisonous and cancer-causing chemical caused by mold.

Based from sciencedirect.com, Orange peel oil is high in monoterpenes, and d-

limonene is the major component it makes up about 90 percent of this oil. Orange oils are

distinguished by the presence of valencene as the principal sesquiterpene. It is observed

that California Valencia peel oil is higher in hydrocarbons than Florida Valencia oil and is

especially high in valencene. Hydrocarbons such as tetradecane and pentadecane were

also found in California Valencia peel oil. Linalool is the principal compound of oxygenated

fraction. Its concentration declines with maturity. The major aldehydes are the even-

carbon saturated aliphatic members, which include octanal, decanal, and dodecanal. The

concentrations of total aldehydes and octanal increases with fruit maturity but declines

with overmaturity (Kesterson and Hendrickson, 1962). The saturated aliphatic aldehydes

have a sweet pungent fatty aroma. Citral is a minor component of orange oil (Stanley,

1962). α- and β-unsturated aldehydes, α-sinenal, contributes significantly to orange

aroma because it has a sweet pungent penetrating aroma. It is present in cold-pressed

orange oil (Stanley, 1965). Ketones, piperitenone, and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one have also
been identified in orange oil (Moshonas, 1967). Out of 41 oxygenated compounds

identified, the major constituents are linalool, octanal, and decanal in Fukuhara oranges

grown in Japan (Uchida et al., 1984). The aliphatic aldehydes (comprising 27.8 percent of

the oxygenated fraction) are of major importance in the characteristic aroma of this

cultivar.

Another study in 1996 tested ten different essential oils, including orange oil,

against 12 fungal strains. Researchers found oranges to be effective against all 12 fungal

strains.

Oranges are also antibacterial. A multitude of studies exist attesting to the potent

antibacterial nature of orange oil and its ability to fight infectious diseases. In 1996,

researchers investigated the effects of ten essential oils (including orange oil) against 22

strains of bacteria. Orange essential oil was effective against all 22 strains of bacteria.

Orange oil has a natural fresh, sweet, citrus smell that will fill your kitchen with a

clean scent. At the same time, it’s a great way to clean countertops, cutting boards or

appliances without needing to use bleach or harsh chemicals found in most cleaning

products.
 II. Statement of the Problem

This study is aimed to determine the effectiveness of orange peel as dishwashing

liquid.

Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the acceptability of Citrus X Sinensis (orange) peel as dishwashing liquid

and deodorizer in terms of:

a) Efficiency

b) Sustainability

c) Cost

2. What is/are the impacts/effects of Citrus X Sinensis (orange) peel as dishwashing

liquid?

3. Does the Citrus X Sinensis (orange) peel extract helps to deodorize the utensils

after dishwashing?

III. Hypothesis

1. The Citrus X Sinensis (orange peel) is not acceptable in terms of:

a) Efficiency

b) Sustainability

c) Cost

2. The Citrus X Sinensis (orange) peel does not have the potential in producing

dishwashing liquid.

3. The Citrus X Sinensis does not help to deodorize the utensils after dishwashing.
IV. Significance of the Study

Cleanliness is important most especially when it comes to the things we use that

involves putting it on and in our body. It doesn’t matter how good, delicious and healthy

one’s food is, what matters most is how clean your kitchen and eating utensils. Instead of

patronizing products made from factories which cause mass waste production. In this

study, the researchers aim to create an organic dishwashing liquid with orange peels as its

primary component. This study encourages the use of cheap, eco- friendly and

sustainable yet effective alternatives for everyday products.

Orange peels have lots of benefits and uses. Based from the Floridachemical.com,

one of the many uses of orange peels is as a natural solvent cleaner because they contain

d-limonene – they are used in a wide variety of cleaning products and they are extremely

safe.

Through this study, one would be aware of the potential of the thrown away

materials like peels of fruits like those in oranges and the importance of organic products

in cleaning kitchen utensils and other things. They will realize that instead of throwing it,

it can still be used to make new products. Many people will be aware of the benefits

present on fruit’s leftover.

Dish soap made from orange flesh makes a great alternative to those commercial

products which are not eco- friendly but also quite expensive. It would create a mean for
those people who stay in their house for long hours every day to make use of their time

and come up and develop useful products out of nothing. It will also benefit people who

is concerned about hygiene and environmentalists as this study aims to produce natural

dishwashing liquid. Moreover, it is less harsh on your skin as it contains natural oils that

help moisturize skin, providing softer healthier looking skin for longer. It is also better in

any other dishwashing liquids because it contains essential oils to be used as an all-

natural antimicrobial and to improve the safety of foods. The other beneficiaries of this

study are wives who are left at home when their husbands and children are out as it will

encourage them to create their own healthy organic cleaning material. Furthermore, this

study will raise awareness about the importance of recycling products that would be

otherwise be disposed. This study aims to promote health awareness especially for kids

that natural cleaning products is safer than chemically- based ones.

V. Scopes and delimitations

Making dishwashing liquid out of would-be thrown orange peel and bringing out

the potential of orange peel are the main purpose of this study. The researchers are

focused mainly on the development of organic dishwashing liquid out of orange peel.

This study focuses on the efficiency of orange peel for cleaning kitchen and eating

utensils.

VI. Definition of terms

Residue - a small amount of something that remains after the main part has gone or been

taken or used.
Dishwashing soap - an all-purpose dishwashing formula with anti-bac and intensified

grease-cutting power for faster and more efficient removal of grease, fats and oils in

dishes, pots and other kitchen utensils.

Efficiency - the state or quality of being efficient.

Sustainable - able to be maintained at a certain rate or level.

Essential oils - a natural oil typically obtained by distillation and having the

characteristic fragrance of the plant or other source from which it is extracted.

Citral Oil - Citral, a major component of lemongrass essential oil, is a mixture of

tautomers geranial (trans-citral) and neral (cis-citral).

Bacteria E-coli - Escherichia coli, also known as E. coli, is a Gram-negative, facultative

anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus Escherichia that is commonly

found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms.

VII. Bibliography

Retrieved from:

Simolo, G. (2013). Make your own Organic Dishwashing Liquid. Retrieved from

www.liveeco.co.za.

Soap History. (--). Types of Soap-Differences between Soaps. Retrieved from

www.soaphistory.net.

Wolf, M. (2010). Health properties of orange peel. Retrieved from www.livestrong.com.

Myers, C. (2011).A list of the benefits of orange peel. Retrieved from

www.livestrong.com.

Republic of the Philippines - Media Relations Unit. (2013). P&G, health experts warn

Filipino moms against germ hotspots. Retrieved from www.doh.gov.ph.

Parks London. (2017). Fragrance Facts: Uses and Benefits of orange oil. Retrieved from

https://www.parkscandles.com/

Bhattacharya S. (2016). Cultivation of Essential Oils. Retrieved from

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/orange-peels.

Ladaniya M. S. (2008). Orange Peel Oils. Retrieved from

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/orange-peels

Faith in Future. (--).THE BENEFITS OF ORANGE FOR SKIN. Retrieved from

https://www.faithinnature.co.uk/article/the-benefits-of-orange-for-skin.aspx.

Readers’ Digest. (--). 9 Unexpected Ways Orange Peels Are Way More Useful Than You

Think. Retrieved from https://www.rd.com/advice/saving-money/orange-peel-uses/.