Gumamela (Hibiscus Rosas) as Dishwashing liquid

Researcher:

Sir Jules A. Telan

Regional Science High School for Region II

Camp Samal, Arcon, Tumauini, Isabela

Marijane B. Queja

Research Adviser

S.Y 2019-2020

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 Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Page

Introduction...............................................................................................................1

A. Background of the study...............................................................................1

B. Statement/ Objective of the study.................................................................1

C. Hypothesis....................................................................................................1

Alternative Hypothesis.........................................................................2

D. Significance of the study..............................................................................2

E. Scope and Limitation............................................................................................2

F. Definitions of Terms………………………………………………………..3

Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature……………………………………………..4

Chapter 3

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 Methodology

A. Research Design………………………………………………………….. 14

B. Research Environment……………………………………………………14

C. Materials and Equipment………………………………………………….14

D. Methods and Procedure………………………………………………..

E. Statistical tool………………………………………………………….

F. Chart…………………………………………………………………...

Chapter IV

Results and Discussion………………………………………………………………………15

Chapter V

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations………………………………………………17

Bibliography, Appendices, Documentation ………………………………………..………..19

CHAPTER I

Introduction

A. Background of the study

Washing Dishes is one of the major house chores people are facing every day. One of

the hardest part of washing dishes are the tough stains and grease that is all over in our plates,

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utensils and other kitchen tools. Dishwashing liquid is a need to minimize the time of

removing tough stains and grease on our kitchen and it removes bad bacteria.

Many food items have the potential to be contaminated with salmonella. This type of

bacteria cab not only found in meats and animal carcasses and passed to humans through the

meat not being cooked thoroughly but from contact. The bacteria can be then being passed

between people and objects.

Gumamela (Hibiscus rosas) as a dishwashing liquid. This project idea is intended to the

market. This project introduces as a substitutes for other liquid soap that has a high price in the

market and it also has a natural material that can be easily found on your garden. It has the

ability to remove grease and foul odor.

B. Statement/ Objective of the study

The main purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of Gumamela (Hibiscus

Rosas) as a Dishwashing liquid.

1. Determine how effective the dishwashing liquid for removing food from used dishes.

2. Determine the ability of dishwashing liquid to eliminate bacteria.

3. Determine the difference between the effectiveness of Gumamela dishwashing from

commercialized Products in terms of eliminating bacteria

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C. Hypothesis

Null Hypothesis :There is no significant difference between the effectiveness of gumamela

dishwashing liquid and the commercialized dishwashing liquid in terms of cleansing dirty

utencils and dishes.

Alternative Hypothesis :There is a significant difference between the effectiveness gumamela

dishwashing liquid and the commercialized dishwashing liquid.

D. Significance of the study

Community- This study will serve as a dishwashing liquid for removing tough stains and

grease on plates, kitchen tools for the community.

Future researchers- This study will serve as a basis for future researches

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E. Scope and Limitation

This study will focus on the acceptability of Gumamela as dishwashing liquid . The

study will be conducted from August to November 2020 at Regional Science High

School laboratory at Camp Samal, Tumauini, Isabela. In this study, the gumamela

flowers to be collected must be matured for younger flowers may not provide sufficient

extract as the older ones. In testing the study, the bacterial cultures, the Commercialized

Dishwashing liquid and the Experimental Gumamela flowers

E. Definition of terms

Salmonella – It is the type of bacteria that’s the most frequently reported cause of food related

illness

Staphylococcus- it is a gram positive bacterium that usually found in the nasal passages and

on the skin of 15 to 40% of healthy humans. This bacterium is spread from person or to

formite by direct contact.

Bacillus- A food poisoning episode usually occurs because spores survive cooking and then

germinate and multiply when the food is inadequately refrigerated.

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

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 Dishwashing liquid (the sodium salt of a long chain fatty acid: (H3-CCH2) n-C00Na)

can be enhanced (made bubblier more colorful and fun) when gumamela is added to it but the

liquid of it cannot produce enough bacteria killing solution. The recipe is: water with a bit of

powdered liquid and crushed gumamelas (including leaves). This gumamela is the special

secret ingredient that makes the bubble bigger, more affordable and bigger. (Reyes 2005).

50% gumamela flower extract and commercial dishwashing liquid is viable in the ability to

remove grease and foul odor. But in the ability to reduce kitchen fumes, 50% gumamela

extract is superior (“According to Lopez” 2001).

According to Samantha Mitchell (2000). Gumamela contains mucilage, a chemical that

enables gumamela petals to produce bubbles. Gumamela also contains phosphorous, calcium

and iron. These vitamins can help you remain healthy or help fight certain diseases.

The effects of an antibacterial dishwashing liquid on Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteridis,

Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cerus were investigated in a modified suspension test and

in used sponge with and withoit food residue under laboratory conditions. A limited study was

conducted in household the efficacy of antibacterial dishwashing liquid as used by the

consumer. In the suspension test, S, aureus and B. cerieus were shown to be susceptible to low

concentrations of antibacterial dishwashing liquid (0.5%).

Whereas E. coli and Salmonella enteridis maintained their initial numbers for atleast

24h at 25 degrees C. at higher concentrations (2 to 4 %). All test organism decreased to below

the detection limit after 24h. Over a 24h period, the antibacterial dishwashing liquid did not

significantly reduce these organisms in used sponges in which food residues were prevent

(“According to Sanchez”2009).

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 Grease and oil molecules are long chains of carbon with nothing but hydrogen hanging

off of them, carbon and hydrogen can share electrons quitetably. These molecules are s to be

non-popular since there’s no part of the molecule that has more electron density than the other.

(“According to Sanchez”2009).

Triclosan is the active component of gumamela dishwashing liquid (as well

antibacterial hand soaps). The primary purpose of triclosan is to stop the growth of bacteria,

midlen and fungi. Triclosan is present in concentrations of up to 2 percent in dishwashing and

hand soaps. Generally, however, significantly less triclosan is used in these products. Despite

this relatively low percent of the overall composition of the liquid, triclosan is the only active

ingredient is most common dishwashing liquid. No long term health risk is associated with the

use of triclosan in dishwashing liquids (“According to Mitchell”2000).

Water is the foundation of the solution and the other solution, and the other

components are chemical. Processing aids provide the physical characteristic of the liquid, like

proper pour, viscosity, stability and uniform density(“According to Mitchell”2000).

Sodium chloride, commonly known as table salt is a viscosity increasing agent. It has

no effect on the cleaning powder of dishwashing liquid, but thickens the solution.PPG-26 is a

lubricant and penetrating agent. It is considered as cosmetic additive, and the ingredient

behind Ivorys claim to be gentle on hands (Samantha Mitchell 2000).

Sodium carbonate is an inorganic compound used as a moderate strength base. It is

also called soda ash or washing soda.

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 The chemical structure of sodium carbonate is Na2CO3, and its molar mass is 106.0

g/mol. Sodium carbonate is an ionic compound- a sodium salt of carbonic acid, and is

composed of two sodium cations (Na+) and a carbonate anion (CO3-). It has a crystalline

heptahydrate structure. (“According to Mitchell”2000).

Sodium carbonate occurs naturally in mineral form as its hydrate salts (such as trona,

natron, natrite, etc.). There are several of its mineral deposits found in dry regions around the

world. Sodium carbonate is obtained commercially through two different methods. The first

method involves mining the mineral deposits of sodium carbonate, which is the main

production method in the USA. In the second method, called the Solvay process, sodium

chloride is reacted with ammonia to give sodium bicarbonate, which is then heated to give

sodium carbonate. (“According to Mitchell”2000).

Sodium carbonate is a white crystalline powder with a density of 2.54 g/mL, and a

melting point of 851 °C.

Sodium carbonate is a stable but hygroscopic solid (absorbs water from air) and readily

dissolves in water to form weakly acidic carbonic acid and the strong base, sodium hydroxide.

Thus, the aqueous solution of Na2CO3 is overall a strong base. It reacts violently with many

acids. When heated to high temperatures, it decomposes to emit toxic fumes of disodium

oxide (Na2O). (“According to Mitchell”2000).

The main uses of sodium carbonate are as water softener, food processing aid, pH modifier,

swimming pool chemical and electrolyte. It is also used in the manufacture of glass, paper,

soaps and liquids, and many other useful chemicals. (“According to Mitchell”2000).

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Sodium carbonate solutions are strongly alkaline and corrosive. It can cause severe skin and

eye irritation upon contact. Inhalation of sodium carbonate dust or fumes can cause irritation

of mucous membranes and the respiratory tract, and lead to severe coughing and shortness of

breath. High concentrations can damage the eye and cause skin burns(“According to

Mitchell”2000).

liquid dishwashing liquid composition for hand washing of dishes is described, which

is mild to human hands and leaves the skin thereof noticeably smoother than conventional and

control liquid dishwashing liquid compositions. The invented dishwashing composition

includes 5 to 40% of synthetic organic liquid of the anionic and/or nonionic types, which

preferably is a mixture of such types, 0.1 to 10% of a skin smoothening compound which is a

hydrocarbon, an organic acid, an ester, an amide, an amine, a quaternary ammonium

compound, or an alcohol, or any mixture thereof, each of which includes in its formula a

hydrocarbyl chain of at least 25 carbon atoms, in an aqueous medium. (“According to

Mitchell”2000).

Preferably, the liquid component is a mixture of sulfated and/or sulfonated anionic

liquids, such as linear higher alkylbenzene sulfonate and higher fatty alcohol poly-lower

alkoxy sulfate, or is a nonionic liquid or a mixture of a nonionic liquid, such as a condensation

product of a higher fatty alcohol and lower alkylene oxide, with a sulfated and/or sulfonated

anionic liquid, the skin smoothening compound includes a normal alkane of 25 to 50 carbon

atoms and the proportions of synthetic organic liquid, normal alkane skin smoothening

compound and aqueous medium are in the ranges of 5 to 35%, 0.2 to 5% and 50 to 80%,

respectively. (“According to Mitchell”2000).

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 Also within the invention are a process for hand washing dishes with the invented

composition, dissolved in water to form a mild dishwater, which leaves the hands feeling

smoother and non-greasy, and a process for manufacturing the invented composition, which

latter process is important to produce such compositions having the desired hand smoothening

and non-greasy characteristics. (“According to Mitchell”2000).

A liquid composition as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that it comprises 5 to 40%

of synthetic organic liquid selected from the group consisting of synthetic organic anionic

liquids and synthetic organic nonionic liquids, and mixtures thereof, and 0.2 to 10% of the

said skin smoothening compound. (“According to Mitchell”2000).

A liquid composition as claimed in claim 2 characterized in that the synthetic organic

anionic liquid is a sulfated or sulfonated liquid and the synthetic organic nonionic liquid is a

lower alkoxylated alcohol or phenol, the skin smoothening compound is a hydrocarbon, an

organic acid, an ester or an alcohol, or any mixture thereof, each of which contains in its

formula an average of 25 to 50 carbon atoms in a linear alkyl chain, and the proportions of

synthetic organic liquid, skin smoothening compound and aqueous medium are in the ranges

of 5 to 35%, 0.2 to 5% and 50 to 80%, respectively. (“According to Mitchell”2000).

A liquid composition as claimed in claim 3 characterized in that the syunthetic organic

liquid is a synthetic organic anionic liquid or a mixture thereof, the skin smoothening

compound includes a normal alkane of 25 to 50 carbon atoms, and the proportions of synthetic

organic anionic liquid, normal alkane skin smoothening compound and aqueous medium are

in the ranges of 15 to 35%, 0.2 to 3% and 50 to 70%, respectively. (“According to

Mitchell”2000).

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 A liquid composition as claimed in claim 3 characterized in that a major proportion of

the synthetic organic liquid is a synthetic organic nonionic liquid or a mixture thereof, the skin

smoothening compound includes a normal alkane of 25 to 50 carbon atoms, and the

proportions of synthetic organic liquid, normal alkane skin smoothening compound and

aqueous medium are in the ranges of 5 to 30%, 0.2 to 3% and 60 to 80%, respectively..

(“According to Mitchell”2000).

A process for washing dishes which comprises washing such dishes by hand in a

aqueous wash water medium containing in the range of 0.1 to 2% preferably 0.2 to 1.5% of a

liquid liquid composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, while immersing the hands in

the dishwater, rinsing the hands and drying them, whereby the hands do not feel greasy and

are noticeably smoother than after a control process in which dishes are washed in a

comparable manner in a control liquid dishwashing liquid composition that does not contain

the skin softening compound. (“According to Mitchell”2000).

A process for manufacturing a liquid composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to

6 characterized in that it comprises making an aqueous solution of the synthetic organic liquid

in an aqueous medium, melting the skin smoothening compound at an elevated temperature,

and mixing together the melted skin smoothening compound and the aqueous solution of

synthetic organic liquid at about the same elevated temperature. (“According to

Mitchell”2000).

This invention relates to liquid dishwashing liquid compositions. More particularly, it

relates to such compositions which are suitable for hand washing of dishes, and which leave

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the skin of the hands non-greasy and noticeably smoother than it is after washing dishes with

ordinary or conventional liquid dishwashing liquid compositions. Additionally, the invention

also relates to processes for washing dishes with such liquid compositions and to processes for

manufacturing such compositions. (“According to Mitchell”2000).

Light duty liquid dishwashing liquid compositions have been and are presently being

commercially marketed for use in diluted form in hand washing of dishes or in dishpan

dishwashing. Highly alkaline granular dishwashing compositions are often employed for

washing dishes in automatic dishwashing machines and recently liquid dishwashing

compositions intended for use in automatic dishwashers have also been marketed. Despite the

increasing popularity of automatic dishwashers there is still a significant portion of the

dishwashing liquid composition market that is held by compositions intended for hand

dishwashing applications. (“According to Mitchell”2000).

Unlike automatic dishwasher liquid compositions which are never in contact with

human skin, those intended for hand dishwashing applications should be mild to the skin, and

yet must still be effective cleaning agents. This can be difficult to accomplish because

immersion of the hands in dishwater removes natural oils from the skin and tends to make it

lose its suppleness, so that the hands often may feel dry and hard to the touch. Merely adding

emollients to the dishwashing composition has not been found to be a successful solution to

this problem because their effects are usually insufficient. Now, however, applicants have

discovered that certain types of dishwashing liquid compositions, which are of satisfactory

foaming capability, can effectively wash dishes and at the same time leave the hands feeling

smooth and non-greasy, which represents a significant advance in the hand dishwashing liquid

composition art. (“According to Mitchell”2000).

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 In accordance with the present invention a liquid dishwashing liquid composition for

hand washing of dishes, which is mild to human hands and leaves the skin thereof noticeably

smoother than a control dishwashing composition, comprises 5 to 40% of synthetic organic

liquid selected from the group consisting of synthetic organic anionic liquids preferably a

sulfated or sulphonated liquid and synthetic organic nonionic liquids preferably a lower

alkoxylated alcohol or phenol, and mixtures thereof, and 0.1 to 10% of a skin smoothening

compound (SSC) which is a hydrocarbon, an organic acid, an ester, an amide, an amine, a

quaternary ammonium compound, such as a salt, e.g., a chloride, or an alcohol, each of which

includes in its formula a hydrocarbyl chain of at least 25 carbon atoms preferably 25 to 50,

especially 27 to 39 carbon atoms, or any mixture thereof, in an aqueous medium. The

proportions of liquid or soap skin smoothening compound and aqueous medium are preferably

5 to 35%, 0.2 to 5% and 50-80%, respectively. (“According to Mitchell”2000).

A search of prior art patents in US Class 252, subclasses 108, 114, 114, 157, 162, 169,

173, 550, 551 and 558, and in Digests 1, 5 and 14 did not result in the finding of any

references which teach the present invention. Among the patents noted in the search were the

following: 1,703,602; 4,056,481; 4,247,424; 3,708,435; 4,192,761; 4,446,042; 3,798,182;

4,228,044; 4,673,525; and 4,035,514; 4,708,813. (“According to Mitchell"2000)

Some of the mentioned patents refer to incorporating emollients in liquid compositions

to make such compositions milder to the human skin, with which it comes into contact during

use. Among various adjuvants mentioned in the references are beeswax, paraffin wax,

petrolatum, petroleum jelly and microcrystalline wax. Some of the patents describe the

employment of petrolatum and beeswax as additives to detergent compositions for

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diminishing foaming characteristics of such compositions, and one mentions the use of

moisturizers, such as petrolatum and beeswax, in mild skin cleansing compositions.

(“According to Mitchell”2000).

Although the art indicates that materials which contain compounds that include straight

chain alkane groups of 25 carbon atoms or more have been suggested for inclusion in various

products, including liquid compositions, nowhere is the importance of the C₂₅ normal alkyl

moiety mentioned. The art does not disclose nor does it suggest dishwashing liquid

compositions containing such compounds, which compositions are satisfactorily foaming,

non-greasy and especially mild to the hands. Furthermore, the art does not describe or suggest

the use of such compositions and a process for the manufacture thereof, which results in the

composition produced being especially effective in smoothening the skin of one who uses it

for hand washing of dishes. (“According to Mitchell”2000).

References are made herein to compounds and compositions "smoothening" the skin

and "softening" the skin. This is not intended to imply that the skin is smoother or softer after

use of the compositions of the present invention than it was before but that, as compared with

compositions which are otherwise identical apart from the presence of the skin smoothening

compound, the skin is left feeling smoother or softer after the use of the composition.

(“According to Mitchell”2000).

Such liquids are water soluble salts of a lipophile sulfuric or sulfonic acid. The

lipophilic moiety of such acid will normally be of 8 to 30 carbon atoms and will desirably

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include an alkyl group, preferably a chain, of 8 or 10 to 15 carbon atoms, more preferably 12

to 14 or 16 carbon atoms, e.g., about 12 carbon atoms. (“According to Mitchell”2000).

Dishwashing liquids contain mildness additives and antibacterial agents that laundry

liquids do not, and laundry liquids contain bleaches, builders and softeners that dish liquids do

not. It is handy to think of laundry liquid as being more chemically reactive than dish liquid,

thus better at removing stains from clothes but more harmful to your skin(“According to

Mitchell”2000).

Dishwashing liquids contain mildness additives and antibacterial agents that laundry

liquids do not, and laundry liquids contain bleaches, builders and softeners that dish liquids do

not. It is handy to think of laundry liquid as being more chemically reactive than dish liquid,

thus better at removing stains from clothes but more harmful to your skin. (“According to

Mitchell”2000).

SLS (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate)/ SLEs (Sodium Laureth Sulfate is what the chemical that

gives your dishwashing liquid its foamy property and allows it to cut through grease. While

the bubbles are nice to see, they aren’t nice to absorbs through your skin and can lead to

contamination. It’s been also known to cause rashes and allergic reaction ("According to

Mitchell"2000).

These chemical have been found to disrupt hormones in the human body, but the

gumamela does not have that chemical. The other active ingredient in dishwashing liquid is

triclosan, which is an organic compound, meaning it is a chemical compound that contains

carbon, not to be confused with a natural compound, which comes from a plant or animal

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source. Triclosan is used in many different kinds of dishwashing liquid, and is very difficult to

wash off. It degrades very slowly, so it’s quite effective in killing germs because it stays on

the dish or on your hands after rinsing and drying and continues to work ("According to

Mitchell"2000).

Ammonium laureth sulfate, a mild liquid and emulsifier is used in many different

household soaps and cleansers, which is derived from corn and help the soap spread easily

over a surface. Lauramidoprolyamine oxide is another surfactant present in Palmolive

(“According to Sanchez”2009).

The flower (Hibiscus flower) used in the study were colors of white, red, yellow, pink

peach and violet. The petals that make up the corolla were open, closed or fringed, and were

either single or double bloom. Alcoholic floral extracts were tested and compared with a

control antibiotic (that can have used as a dishwashing liquid) using disc diffusion method. All

the floral extracts from the different gumamela were found to contain alkaloids, cardenolides,

protein and carbohydrates but yielded negative results for and oils. Glycosides were tested

present in red, pink, peach, violet and fringed gumamela. Resin was present only in red, pink,

peach and violet flowers within the same range of color appear to share the same

phytochemicals but different in detectable amounts. The antimicrobial property of gumamela

floral extracts is influenced by the color arrangement and petal (Gabriel 2007).

Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The two-group design will be utilize in this study.

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Treatments R1 R2 R3

Gumamela Dishwashing Liquid (T1) T1R2 T1R3

Commercialized Dishwashin Liquid (T2) T2R1 T2R2 T2R3

B. Research Environment

This study will be conducted at Regional Science High School

C. Materials and Equipment

 Gumamela- will be used as the main ingredient for the product

 Baking soda- used for stains

 Vinegar- used for removing stains

 Sugar- will be used for additives of the product

 Measuring cups- will be used for measuring

 Mortar and Pestle- used for extracting the gumamela flower extract

 Container- Storage for the product

 Dirty Plates- used for testing

D. Procedure

D1. Collection of Gumamela flowers. The 200g fresh flowers of gumamela will be collected

at San mariano, Isabela, then will be set aside until all other materials are collected.

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D2. Preparation of the extract. The 200g precisely picked gumamela flowers will be crushed

at the mortal and pestle, the extraction will have liquid consistency and bubbly look.

D3. Preparing the commercialized dishwashing liquid. The commercialized product will be

compared for the experimental product, This will be bought at San mariano, Isabela.

D4. Formulation of the Gumamela dishwashing liquid. The Baking powder, Sugar and

vinegar will be measured by using measuring cups and adding it to the gumamela flower

extract. The Gumamela(Hibicus) dishwashing liquid will be transferred into the container to

be kept safely aside until the testing of the product.

D5.Testing the Product. The Gumamela(Hibiscus) dishwashing liquid and the

Commercialized dishwashing liquid will be used as treatments for testing the effectives of

dishwashing liquid. A dirty oil will be used as subjects for determining the effectiveness of the

commercialized dishwashing liquid and gumamela dishwashing liquid. Each plates will have

dirty oil and putting them into the two container containing the two dishwashing liquid and

soaking them for 5minutes to 10 minutes.

The first basin will have 200ml of water and 50ml of commercialized dishwashing liquid and

a plate full of dirty food, The second one will have 200ml of water and 50ml of

gumamela(hibiscus) dishwashing liquid and a plate full of dirty food. The two basin full of

dishwashing liquid, water and dishwashing liquid will be left for 10minutes for observation.

D6. Data Gathering. Once the procedure is done, the plate will be recorded and will be then

completing the research paper.

E.Statistical tool

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The statistical tool used in determining the efficacy of the study is Two-Way Analysis of

Variance.

Bibliography

1. http://patents.google.com

2. http://www.Softschool.com

3. http://www.wikipedia.org

4. Npic.orst.edu

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21
 Scores

Background of the study-10

Statement of the problem/objectives of the study-7

Hypothesis- 9

Significance of the study-10

Definition of terms-10

Scope and limitation-10

Research design -10

Materials and equipment and procedure-10

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