University of San Jose – Recoletos

College of Education

Josenian KKK (Kabataan, ang sagot sa Kaunlaran ng Kapaligiran)

Submitted by:
Adrian Lisondra
China Briones
Rhona Matidios
Danielle Alec Solis
Micah Maria Minguito
Jessica Luzada
Maria Monica Ana Mendoza

Introduction
Josenian KKK (Kabataan, ang sagot sa Kaunlaran ng Kapaligiran) clean-up project will educate

the people, especially the youth on the proper implementation of the Solid Waste Management

Law, and imparting the love and care for nature by letting the youth spend their time with nature

giving them awareness about the environment, and resolve to environmental problems. They will

be trained to be vigilant with their actions and responsibilities as protectors of Mother Nature. It

is an experience- based learning-- teaching ideas to promote experiential environmental learning.

The Philippines urgency for comprehensive solid waste management under the monitoring and

implementation of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and the

National Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC) were given emphasis for the last

years through the establishment of the following facilities; compost, landfill (38), open

dumpsites (640), and material recovery (7327) (NSWMC, 2001). The researchers, USJ-R

students and members of the KKK organization (Kabataan sa Kaugmaon sa Kalikasan) are also

involved in the making and implementing of the project. Together with the Sangguniang

Kabataan and Barangay officials volunteered with preparations, assistance and support to make

this come to reality. Proper waste management is an essential part of society’s public and

environmental health. Solid waste management is a universal issue that matters to every single

person in the world. According to the data of the world bank organization in 2018, with over

90% of waste openly dumped or burned in low-income countries, it is the poor and most

vulnerable who are disproportionately affected. All of our decisions and actions throughout the

day affect our environment. Experience-based environmental learning is an opportunity to learn

through one's own lifestyle and actions realizing global or regional issues, and ultimately have

roots at the individual level. It also provides an attractive alternative to traditional major tasks,

and appeal to youth with a wide range of learning styles and levels of intellectual sophistication.
Many welcome the challenge to use their own lives as an experiment and often bring us closer

together, and foster an atmosphere of teamwork as students and adults participate in the

experience together.

Objectives
Environmental education means education towards protection and enhancement of the

environment and education as an instrument of development for improving the quality of life of

human communities. The KKK (Kabataan, ang sagot sa Kaunlaran ng Kapaligiran) organization

proposed for this Josenian KKK project for the means, skills and active participation of the

people to preserve natural resources for the next generation. The following are the main

objectives and/or goals:

1. To help social groups and individuals to acquire a set of values for environmental

protection;

2. To provide social groups and individuals with an opportunity to be actively involved at

all levels in environmental decision making;

3. To recycle cans and plastic bottles in making an innovative Christmas tree;

4. To store money from weighing the cans and plastic bottles for Christmas tree making;

and

5. To exercise creative thinking skills with fun and enjoyment.

Conceptual Framework

Solid waste
Solidgeneration
waste temporarily
stored
Solid wastein collected
waste binsbyatthe
Solid wastes thatgeneration source
collection workers and Solid wastes are
are recyclablestransported
will by trucks processed in facilities
be sent to recycling
Solid waste disposed off at final
approved by the
industriesdisposal facilities such as landfill
Government such as
or incinerator
for recycling solid
purpose waste transfer station

Figure 2.1: Processes of proper solid waste management in Lapu-Lapu

Emphases were given to the impacts it may bring to the environment, public health, and

economic opportunity of the adjacent community. Primarily these key areas were evaluated to

extrapolate an overall condition of disposal sites direct effect to communities. Environmental

impacts of disposal sites were reviewed as a basis to recommend for either closure of disposal

sites as per mandate of RA 9003 or for rehabilitation. Public health was also discussed in this

review to draw findings of the health risks disposal sites may bring to communities. Present

literature does not show a strong association between disposal sites to acquiring diseases,
however, few studies found prevalence of certain diseases common among adjacent

communities. Economic opportunities were also evaluated to potentially recommend livelihood

option among household adjacent to disposal site if the closure will be considered. These areas

were seen as vital features to establish available data on the environmental ill effects, public

health risks, and economic opportunities of present disposal practices (landfills and dumpsites)

may bring and to potentially recommend a shift towards sustainable SWM practices.

Review of Related Literature

In technical note, the term 'solid waste' is utilized to incorporate all non-fluid squanders created

by human movement and a scope of solid waste material coming about because of the fiasco, for

example, general homegrown trash, for example, food waste, debris and bundling materials;

human dung discarded in trash; crisis waste, for example, plastic water jugs and bundling from

other crisis supplies; rubble coming about because of the calamity; mud and slurry stored by the

catastrophic event; and allen trees and shakes hindering vehicle and interchanges. Other master

squanders, for example, clinical waste from clinics and harmful material from industry, will

likewise should be managed desperately, however they are not covered by this technical note

(World Health Organization, 2011).

Solid waste management has become one of a major concern in environmental issues

(Mazzanti & Zoboli, 2008). This is particularly true to urban areas where population is

rapidly growing and amount of waste generated is increasing (Kathiravale & Mohd Yunus,

2008). Urbanization and industrialization leads to new lifestyles and behavior which also
affects waste composition from mainly organic to synthetic material that last longer such as

plastics and other packaging material (Idris et al., 2004). The drivers of sustainable waste

management were clarified by Agamuthu et al. (2009), which include human, economic,

institutional and environment aspect. The study suggests that each driving group should be

considered in local context as managing solid waste for a particular society may differ from

the others.

Basak is a barangay in the city of Lapu-Lapu. Its population as determined by the 2015 Census

was 59,873. This represented 14.67% of the total population of Lapu-Lapu. Businessman Efrain

Pelaez filed a complaint against Lapu-Lapu City Mayor Paz Radaza and 29 barangay captains for

their failure to resolve the worsening garbage problem in the city in the year 2015. In reaction to

the case filed by businessman Efrain Pelaez against Radaza and 29 barangay captains for alleged

failure to implement the Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003) or the Ecological Solid Waste

Management Act of 2000.

Disposal site in Lapu-Lapu City is located in Barangay Bangkal. It is an open dumpsite of about

2-5 ha. Identified gaps by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources-Environmental

Management Bureau 7 (DENR EMB 7) in the dumpsite included: i) abandoned limestone

quarry; ii) no segregation of wastes and; iii) persistent smoke as complaint by residents nearby.

Adjacent to the dumpsite is MRF, which accommodates segregated wastes from the facing

dumpsite. The Philippines has several laws and regulations on environmental protection and

management. The Cebu city council has authored several resolutions related to solid waste

management and the protection of the environment of the city. Pursuant to the local government

code, the city government has jurisdiction to enforce and implement environmental laws and

regulations at the local and national levels.

Existing SWM (Solid Waste Management) Problems of the Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu.

Like other growing cities, the city of Cebu has problems managing its solid wastes. The major

solid waste management problems of the city can be broadly categorized as follows: 1) weak

institutional and organizational system for SWM; 2) problems in the upper waste stream; and 3)

problems at the downstream.

Problems affecting the upper waste stream are:

1. inefficiency in garbage collection due to lack of garbage vehicles

2. no waste segregation done at the source
3. no waste recycling done at the point of generation
4. too little revenue from waste collection fees

The insufficiency of the sanitary landfill operation is the major problem at the downstream.

a. The city has a sorting facility, which is called Materials Recovery and Storage Building,

which is part of the landfill facility. Since the operation of the landfill in 1998, the sorting facility

has never been used due to some design and operation problems. Another facility in the landfill,

which is not used until today, is the incinerator. The incinerator is intended for the thermal

destruction of medical hazardous wastes. The incinerator is faced with a social problem.

Environmental groups objected to the operation of this facility for fear that it might generate air

contaminants hazardous to public health. The Clean Air Act of the Philippines prohibits the use

of incinerators. This makes the city’s incinerator non-operating. In addition, the city failed to
obtain an Environmental Compliance Certificate, a requirement of the Department of

Environment and Natural Resources, which is supposed to contain the mitigating measures that

should be implemented before and during the operation of the incinerator. The city government

is faced with the problem of what to do with these facilities.

b. Another problem is the issue with the waste pickers. Garbage pickers are free to enter the

landfill area to scavenge wastes even in the operation area. They number around 200 to 300 and

they work in shifts. They have organized themselves into a cooperative and had entered into a

memorandum of agreement with the city government for clarity of future cooperation. The waste

pickers are supposed to work in the sorting facility for their sorting activities. What is happening

is they have gone to the landfill operating area, even reaching the cell where the hospital wastes

are disposed, to carry out their activities. The cell containing the medical wastes is not enclosed

with a fence. Most of these people tend to violate rules and just don’t like working around with

regulations.

c. The main problem of the city is the sanitary landfill itself. The landfill has a total design

capacity of 938,400 cubic meters (compacted) and a lifetime of about 6 to 7 years. It is now 4

years in operation and is nearing its life. Added to this is the difficulty in acquiring land for a

new landfill. Other problems affecting the landfill are the lack of soil covering, improper

leachate treatment, lack of landfilling plan and medical waste disposal. Lack of soil covering. In

2000, almost no soil was purchased due to lack of budget. The lack of cover soil made the waste
disposal area inaccessible to the collection trucks. Consequently, the wastes from the trucks are

dumped outside of the dumping area making the landfill more unsanitary.

D. Lack of landfilling plan. A landfill should have a landfilling plan consists of landfilling order,

soil procurement schedule, on-site road and drainage construction, etc. Because of the absence of

the plan, the landfill has become unsanitary, its waste disposal area has become inaccessible, and

the leachate has overflowed to the sea.

In its effort to educate the public on issues concerning waste management and environmental

protection, the city has tapped the assistance of non-governmental institutions.

Through the institutionalization of the compost/ organic fertilizer facility at the city nursery, the

city has been practicing waste segregation and organic farming. Lapu-Lapu City government, in

coordination with its barangay officials under the direct order of Mayor Ahong Chan, will start to

implement solid waste segregation to promote recycling and the reuse of resources and to also

reduce the volume of wastes that are dispose in the city’s dumpsite that has been piled in the

nearest location of Cebu City bridge that has caused pollution to biodiversity and marine life.

The city embarked on the said project with the goal of encouraging the practice of waste

segregation as well as recycling among Cebuanos. One ton of garbage produces an output of 350

kilos of organic fertilizer which will be utilized by demofarm located at the nursery.

According to Hiriya (2003) , the functional elements of Municipal Solid Waste are as follows:

1) Waste generation: Waste generation encompasses activities in which materials are identified

as no longer being of value and are either thrown away or gathered together for disposal. 2)

Waste handling and separation, storage and processing at the source: Waste handling and
separation involves the activities associated with management of waste until they are placed in

storage container for collection.

Handling also encompasses the movement of loaded containers to the point of collection.

Separation of waste components is an important step in the handling and storage of solid waste at

the source.3) Collection: The functional element of collection includes not only the gathering of

solid waste and recyclable materials, but also the transport of these materials, after collection, to

the location where the collection vehicle is emptied. This location may be a material processing

facility, a transfer station or a landfill disposal site. 4) Separation and processing and

transformation of solid wastes: The types of means and facilities that are now used for the

recovery of waste materials that have been separated at the source include curbside collection,

drop off and buy back centers.

The separation and processing of wastes that have been separated at the source and the

separation of commingled wastes usually occur at a materials recovery facility, transfer stations,

combustion facilities and disposal sites.5) Transfer and transport: This element involves two

steps: 1) the transfer of wastes from the smaller collection vehicle to the larger transport

equipment 2) the subsequent transport of the wastes, usually over long distances, to a processing

or disposal site. 6) Disposal: Today the disposal of wastes by land filling or land spreading is the

ultimate fate of all solid wastes, whether they are residential wastes collected and transported

directly to a landfill site, residual materials from materials recovery facilities (MRFs), residue

from the combustion of solid waste, compost or other substances from various solid waste

processing facilities.

Another Solid Waste Management support worth mentioning is the Republic Act No. 9003,

popularly known as “The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000”, an act providing
for an ecological solid waste management program creating the necessary institutional

mechanisms and incentives, declaring certain acts prohibited and providing penalties,

appropriating funds therefore and for other purposes. This law requires all Local Government

Units in the country to establish an ecological solid waste management program within their

jurisdictions and provides the necessary institutional mechanisms to attain its objectives.

Municipal wastes, according to Kock (1999), is a never an ending stream that has to be treated

continuously. Managing people’s solid wastes should be taught utilizing every available means

of disseminating information.

Waste management requires managerial skills necessary in carrying out the problem. Komtz and

Weihrich (1998) said that “managing is an art, know-how and doing things in the light of

realities of a situation”.

e3R's (Reduce Reuse Recycle)

The Environmental Protection Agency has decided a three- layered methodology for overseeing

strong waste. Each of these should is polished to diminish the sum material set out toward

definite removal. They are arranged by significance: REDUCE, the most ideal approach to

oversee strong waste. Purchase just what you need. Utilize all that you purchase. Evade

vigorously bundled items. Stay away from expendable things like paper plates and plastic

flatware. Purchase the biggest size bundle for those things that you use are frequently. REUSE,

the better method to oversee strong waste. Reuse things use them again and again until they are
totally exhausted. Reuse, the great method to oversee strong waste. Recycle implies taking

something old and making it into something new.

Josenian KKK project timeline

Early January days Making of letter for appointment to the
Barangay officials
January 15-18 Start of meeting of the Josenian KKK project
January 23- 26 Implementation of the Project
January 27-31 Working partnership to SK participants, USJ-
R students and KKK organization
February 1-2 Assembly for the symposium and to the
community within the Barangay Basak about
the said project
Mid February- 29 Budget proposal
March 21 1st clean-up drive
April 18 2nd clean-up drive
May 23 3rd clean-up drive
June 20 4th clean-up drive
July 25 5th clean-up drive
August 22 6th clean-up drive
September 26 7th clean-up drive
October 24 8th clean-up drive
November 28 9th clean-up drive
December 12 10th clean-up drive
December 17 Collect money from the cans and plastic
bottles being weighed.
Buy needed materials for the Christmas Party
gathering.
December 19-21 Christmas Party preparation
December 22 Christmas Party celebration

Conclusion
The city is focusing all its efforts in the downstream. It has invested in the construction of a

sanitary landfill for disposal of all types of wastes generated in the city. However, not all of the

components of the landfill are functioning. Two facilities are standing idle, the sorting facility

and the incinerator. The incinerator in particular has encountered some problems. It cannot be
operated due to some legalities and social problems. Because of the Clean Air Act, the

incinerator becomes a useless facility. A good institutional framework may also be needed for

the implementation of the autoclave treatment. Private sector cooperation is encouraged to help

the city. A system to regulate and control medical wastes should also be established through

consultations with various interest groups in the city. The city needs to realize that it is far more

important to focus all efforts in the upper waste stream.

The research findings revealed that there are significant issues with unauthorized waste disposal

practices due to the lack of proper waste management process. This has significantly impacted

on the natural environment. The lack of Public waste bins and proper waste collection processes

have significantly affected the unauthorized waste disposal practices. The absence of practical

usage of regulation and laws is identified as a barrier to residents engaging in proper waste

management processes with recycling and waste separation because the council could not

enforce these practices.

Reducing the amount of wastes generated at the source will spell a difference since this will also

reduce the waste loads at the disposal area. Large waste recycling centers such as those

developed in other countries may not be applicable for the city because of the city’s relatively

low figures in the percentage of recyclable materials in wastes, however, other waste

minimization activities such as composting and small-scale recycling could be good for Lapu-

Lapu City. Waste segregation is another worthy activity. This has not been widely practiced in

the household level due to the insufficiency of the city’s information campaign to the

community. However, the effort may be considered useless because the segregated wastes are

collectively collected in one truck, all combining what is inside.

The major areas of cooperation between the city of Cebu and the city of Lapu-Lapu are in the

conduct of waste minimization activities such as recycling and composting, and further, in the

area of medical waste management and in the management of a good landfill system. The lacks

of knowledge, awareness and cooperation have been identified. Human ways of life have placed

pressure on the environment and have caused imbalance in the eco systems by the producing,

consuming and wasting of natural resources. Most countries evidently have major effects on the

environment due to solid waste generation with economic development since the natural

resources are used, and waste and pollution are produced. Therefore, the concern towards the

management of solid waste as an integral part for sustainable development has increased. We

learned a lot of reasons why recycling is important in our community and especially at school.

We learned about waste and how some waste can be reused or recycled into other products. And

remember keeping recyclable items inside the Recycling Loop keeps them of out the landfills

and reduces pollution.

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