RETANING WALL

[Document subtitle]

NAME- YADNYAYEE .V. PAWAR ,

YEAR- 4TH YEAR , ROLL NO - 46.
DEFINITION
• A retaining wall is a structure
that retains any material and
prevents it from sliding or
eroding away. It is designed
so that to resist the material
pressure of the material that
it is holding back.

INTRODUCTION
• A retaining wall is a structure that
holds or retains soil behind it.
• There are many types of
materials that can be used to
create retaining walls like
concrete blocks, poured concrete
, treated timbers, rocks or
boulders.
• To retain soil at a slope which is
greater than it would naturally
assume, usually at a vertical or
near vertical position.
 2. TYPES OF RETAINING WALL

GRAVITY
RETAINING WALLS

SEMI GRAVITY
RETAINING WALLS
RETAINING
WALL CANTILEVERD
RETAINING WALLS

COUNTERFORT
RETAINING WALLS

1.
1. GRAVITY RETAINING WALL

• It is that type of retaining wall that

relies on their huge weight to retain
the material behind it and achieve
stability against failures.
• Gravity Retaining Wall can be
constructed from concrete, stone or
even brick masonry.
• Gravity retaining walls are much
thicker in section. Geometry of these
walls also help them to maintain the
stability.
• Mass concrete walls are suitable for retained heights of up to 3 m.
• The cross section shape of the wall is affected by stability, the use of space in
front of the wall, the required wall appearance and the method of construction.

• MATERIALS USED

1. Masonry unit
2. Stone
3. Poured concrete
 PRESSURE ACTING ON
GRAVITY RETAINING WALL

2. SEMI GRAVITY RETAINING WALL

• Semi gravity
retaining wall is a
special form of the
gravity retaining wall.
• In this type of
retaining wall, a
small amount of
steel reinforcement
is used near the
back face in order to
minimize the size of
wall section.
• Therefore, the semi-
gravity walls resist external loads with combined resistance offered by self-
weight of structure, vertical soil component of weight above the footing.
 3. CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL

• Cantilever retaining walls are

constructed of reinforced
concrete. They consist of a
relatively this stem and a base
slab . The base is also divided
into two parts, the heel and toe.
The heel is the part of the base under the backfill. The toe is the other part of
the base.
• Use much less concrete than monolithic gravity walls, but require more design
and careful construction.
• Generally economical up to about 25 ft. in height.
• Can be precast in a factory or formed on site.

CONSTRUCTION DETAIL OF
CANTILEVERD RETAINING
WALL
 4. COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALL

• When the height of earth to

be retaining exceeds 5m,
the bending moment
developed in the stem, heel
and toe slabs are very large
which results in large
thickness of structural
elements and becomes
uneconomical. Thus,
counterfort type retaining
wall is adopted for larger
heights.

• Counterfort retaining wall

consists of a stem, toe slab and heel slab as in case of cantilever retaining
wall. But it also consists of counterforts are regular interval which divides the
stem.

• The stem with combination of counterfort behaves like a tee-beam with

varying width.

• The stem and heel slabs are effectively fixed to counterforts so that the stem
bends horizontally between the counterforts due to lateral earth pressure.
Thus the thickness of stem and the heel slab is considerably reduced due to
the reduction of moment due to fixity of these slabs between counterforts.

CONSTRUCTION DETAIL OF
COUNTERFORT RETAINING
WALL
 APPLICATION OF RETAINING WALL

1. USED FOR METRO

AND SUBWAY BRIEGE .

2. HIGHWAYS

3. USED IN BASEMENT OF HIGH-

RISE BUILDINGS.