Space Frame Structure

• A space frame or space structure is a structure system

assembled of linear elements so arranged that forces are
transferred in a three-dimensional manner.

• Space frames can be used to cover large areas with few

interior supports.

• A space frame or space structure is strong because of

inherent rigidity of the triangle; flexing loads (bending
moments) are transmitted as tension and compression
loads along the length of each strut.
Types of Space Frames
1) Curvature Classification:
a) Space Plane Covers:
• Spatial structures composed of Planar Sub-structures
• The planes are channeled through the horizontal bars and the shear forces are supported by the diagonals
b) Barrel Vaults:
• Has a cross section of simple arch
• Usually require the use of tetrahedral modules or pyramids as a part of its unit
c) Spherical Domes
• Usually requires the use of tetrahedral modules or pyramids and additional support from a skin

2) Classification by Arrangements of its Elements:

a) Single Layer Grid:
• All Elements are placed on the surface approximately
b) Double Layer Grid:
• They are commonly used space frame
• Elements are organized in two parallel layers with each other at certain distance apart.
• The diagonals bars connecting the nodes of both layers in different directions
c) Triple Layer Grid:
• Placed in three parallel lines, linked by the diagonals
• Almost always flat
• They are mostly used for larger span building
Space Frame Diagram
 Design principles of large span steel space frame structure
• The design of long-span steel structure should be combined with the plane shape, size, span,
supporting condition, load size and building function of the project to make a comprehensive analysis
and determination.

• The horizontal and vertical seismic effects should be considered according to the seismic code for the
large-span steel structures in seismic zones.

• According to the structure and node form, component type and load characteristics of long-span steel
structure, and considering the interaction between the upper long-span steel structure and the lower
supporting structure.

• Long-span steel structures should meet the all requirements of bearing capacity and stiffness under
various load conditions.

• It is necessary to analyze the construction process for complex long-span steel structures or complex
prestressed long-span steel structures.
 Advantages of Space Structures
• The unique simplicity and beauty of space frame structures in the
architecture of the regular form of space structures are architecturally
attractive, beautiful, and precious and this is why many architects
exhibit space frames in halls, community centers, etc.

• Great flexibility in terms of architecture, using repeated seemingly

identical geometric shapes.

• Common architectural shapes include flat shape, arc, barrel vaults,

domes, umbrella, pyramid, sine, etc.

• The beautiful view of double-layer networks in space structures,

appearing as repeated geometric shapes
.
• The space between the layers of space structures provides a good
place for pass of electrical, mechanical, thermal, and cryogenic and
other structural facilities.
Components of space frame
• Tuball node connector • Nodus connector

• Triodetic Connector
• Hemispherical Dome Connector

Applications of a Space Frame Structure

•Commercial and industrial structures​
•Auditoriums​
•Skylights​
•Canopies​
•Toll booths​
•Exhibition halls​
•Sports stadiums​