Segismundo, Trisha Faye R.

BSN III E

1. Discuss the chain of infection.

The chain of infection involves six links: the infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode
of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host. Infectious diseases result from the
interaction of agent, host, and environment as described from the traditional epidemiologic triad
model. More specifically, transmission occurs when the agent leaves its reservoir or host through
a portal of exit, is conveyed by some sort of transmission, and enters through an appropriate
portal of entry to infect a susceptible host. The reservoir is the habitat in which the agent
normally lives, grows, and multiples. It includes human, animals and the environment. Portal of
exit is the path by which a pathogen leaves its host and is usually corresponds to the site where
the pathogen is localized. The modes of transmission of the infectious agent may be direct
through direct contact and droplet spread, or indirect contact through airborne, vehicleborne, and
vecterborne (mechanical or biologic). Portal of entry refers to the manner in which the pathogen
enters a susceptible host. And the final link in the chain of infection is a susceptible host.

ACTIVITY 1: What therapies are used as tuberculosis prophylaxis for individuals who have been
exposed to an individual with active disease?
Active disease: treatment options prescribed by Center for Disease Control (CDC)
Option 1: INH, rifampin (Rifadin), pyrazinamide (Tebrazid) and Ethambutol (Myambutol) or
streptomycin given daily or 2 to 3 times weekly.
Option 2: INH, rifampin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol or streptomycin given daily for 2 weeks then 2
times weekly for 6 months then 2 times weekly isoniazid and rifampin for 16 weeks
Option 3: INH, rifampin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol or streptomycin 3 times a week for 6 months
Option 4: active TB with HIV; option 1,2 or 3 for minimum of 9 months and to continue for at least 6
months after first negative sputum culture.

ACTIVITY 2: How do assessment findings differ among clients with viral versus bacterial origin of
pneumonia?

VIRAL BACTERIAL
Fever: low-grade Fever: high
Cough: non-productive Cough: productive
WBC count: normal to low elevation WBC count: high elevation
Chest X-ray: minimal changes evident Chest X-ray: obvious infiltrates
Clinical course: less severe than pneumonia of Clinical course: more severe than pneumonia of
bacterial origin viral origin

ACTIVITY 3: What are the antimalarial and broad-spectrum antibiotic for Ebola virus
disease?
 Amodiaquine
 Doxycycline
Segismundo, Trisha Faye R. BSN III E

 Tigecycline
 Clindamycin
 Azithromycin or co-trimoxazole
 regeneron (REGN-EB3)
 mAb114
 favipiravir (T-705)
 convalescent plasma
 ZMapp
 Brincidofovir