UNIT-4

1. ____________ is a way of sending multiple signals or streams of information over a

communications link at the same time in the form of a single, complex signal.
2. The interference of the adjacent channels or overlapping of information between adjacent
channels is called ________.
3. Maximum value of quantization error in uniform quantization is ________ of the step size.
4. . The quantization noise in linear quantization is _________ distributed.
5. Maximum signal to noise ratio for uniform quantization in PCM is _______ dB.
6. For the sinusoidal signal, the maximum signal to noise ratio for linear quantization in PCM is
_____________ dB.
7. In companding, the step size of the quantizer is _________.
8. The two laws for companding are ________ law and __________ law.
9. The transmission bandwidth in DM and ADM is _________.
10. Because of variable step size, the dynamic range of ADM is _________.
11. The bandwidth requirement of ADM is ________ of all digital pulse coding techniques.
12. When the step size is changed according to amplitude of input signal it is called _________.

Answers: 1. Multiplexing 2. Cross talk 3. Half 4. Uniformly distributed 5. (4.8 + 6n)dB 6.(1.8 +6n)dB

7. variable 8. A law and μ law 9. ½ fs 10. Wide 11. Lowest 12. ADM

Q.1 In Pulse Position Modulation, the drawbacks are ________.

a. synchronization is required between transmitter and receiver

b. large bandwidth is required as compared to PAM

c. None of the above

d. Both (a) and (b)

Q.2 In PWM signal reception, the Schmitt trigger circuit is used ________.

a. to remove noise

b. to produce ramp signal

c. for synchronization

d. None of the above

Q.3 In pulse width modulation, ________.

a. synchronization is not required between transmitter and receiver

b. amplitude of the carrier pulse is varied

c. instantaneous power at the transmitter is constant

d. None of the above

Q.4 In different types of Pulse Width Modulation, ________.

a. leading edge of the pulse is kept constant

b. tail edge of the pulse is kept constant

c. centre of the pulse is kept constant

d. All of the above

Q.5 Pulse Time Modulation (PTM) includes ________.

a. pulse width modulation

b. pulse position modulation

c. pulse amplitude modulation

d. Both (a) and (b)

Q.6 The bandwidth of PCM transmission is given as, _______ .

a1/2 r

b 1/ 2 n fs

c nW

d All of these

Q.7 In linear quantilization, quantization noise power is given as, ______ .

a Δ / 12

b. Δ 2 /¿ 12

c.Δ/2

d. | Δ /2|

Q.8 Addition of every bit in PCM increases signal to noise power ratio by, ______ .

a. 4.8 dB b. 6 dB c. 1.8 dB d. 3 dB

Q.9 Following is not the error in delta modulation _____ .

a. slope overload

b. granular noise

c. hunting

d. all of these

Q.10 Which of the following techniques transmit only bit per sample ____.

a. ADM b. PCM c. DPCM d. All of these

Q.11 Slope overload distortion will not occur if ______ .

 Δ
a. Am ≥
2 π fmTs

Δ
b. Am ≤
2 π f mT s

Δ
c. Am ≤
4 π f mT s

Δ
d. Am ≥
4 π fmTs

Q.12 Which of the following has better signal to noise ratio?

a. PCM b. DM c. ADM d. DPCM

Q.13 Which of the following technique has variable step size?

a .PCM b. DM c .ADM d. DPCM

Q.14 The signal to noise power ratio in delta modulation is, _______ .

3 3 3 3
a. 2 3 b. c. d.
8 π w f m T s 8 π w f 2m T 2s
2 2
8 π w f 2m T 3s
3
8 π w f 2m T 4s
2

Q.15 Granular noise occurs when _________.

a. step size is too large b. variations are small in input signal

c. staircase signal oscillates around input signal d. All of these

UNIT-5

Q.1 In BPSK, the ambiguity in output signal is generated due to _________ at the receiver.

Q.2 In BPSK, the phase shifts by _________ when the symbol is changed.
Q.3 DSPSK does not need _________ carrier at the demodulator.

Q.4 DPSK bandwidth is _________ compared to that of BPSK.

Q.5 DEPSK uses _________ detection.

Q.6 QPSK has the signal bandwidth of _________.

Q.7 QPSK bandwidth is reduced by _________ as compared to BPSK.

Q.8 QASK combines _________ bits of signal.

Q.9 BFSK signal bandwidth is _________ of BPSK signal bandwidth.

Q.10 The distance between BFSK signal points is _________.

Q.11 Amplitude variation is present in _________.

Q.12 The signal points distance in ASK is _________.

Q.13 PLL detector is a _________ type of detector.

Q.14 ASK uses _________ bit per symbol.

Q.15 ASK is also called _________.

Q.16 When the signal is transmitted over the channel without any modulation, it is called
_________transmission.

Q.17 The_________bandwidth is the minimum transmission bandwidth for zero ISI.

Q.18 Practical solution to reduce ISI is given by _________channel.

Q.19 The_________filter minimizes the error probability of reception.

Q.20 The shape of the impulse response of the matched filter is_________to the shape of the input
signal.

Q.21 In matched filter, maximum signal component occurs at_________instants.

Q.22 The signal to noise ratio of the matched filter depends only upon the ratio of signal energy
to_________of white noise at filter output.

Q.23 The matched filter and_________are two distinct, independent techniques which give the same
result.

Q.24 The_________is used to study effect of ISI in baseband digit transmission.

Q.1 In BPSK, the bandwidth of transmission channel is _________.

a. fb b. 2 fb c. fb/2 d. 4 fb

Q.2 In BPSK, the geometric distance between the two signal points is _________.
a.sqrt( Eb) b. sqrt( 2 Eb) c. 2 sqrt(Eb) d. sqrt(Eb / 2 )

Q.3 In DPSK, the phase of the carrier changes only on _________.

a. symbol 0 b. symbol 1 c. symbol transition d. All of these

Q.4 DPSK bandwidth is _________.

a. fb b. 2 fb c. fb /2 d. 4 fb

Q.5 Error probability of DPSK is _________ that of BPSK.

a. higher b. lower c. equal to d. better than

Q.6 The phase shift in QPSK is _________.

a. π/4 b. π/2 c. π d. π/3

Q.7 The distance between the signal points in QPSK is, _________.

a. d = sqrt(2 Es) b. d = sqrt (2 Eb) c. d = 2 sqrt(Ps Tb) d. All of these

Q.8 BFSK signal has the bandwidth of, _________.

a. 2 fb b. 4 fb c. fb d. fb / 2

Q.9 BFSK signal can be detected using _________.

a. non coherent receiver b. coherent receiver c. PLL receiver d. All of these

Q.10 Following technique have the symbol duration of ' Tb' _________.

a. BPSK b. BFSK c. ASK d. All of these

Q.11 Following technique have only one signal point in signal space.

a. BPSK b. BFSK c. ASK d. All of these

Q.12 In BFSK, the minimum difference between f H and fL is _________.

a. fb b. 2 fb c. fb /4 d. 4 fb

Q.13 In BFSK, the phase shift is, _________.

a. π/2 b. π/ 4 c. π d. continuous

Q.14 In QPSK, the symbol rate is equal to, _________.

a. fb /2 b. fb c. 2 fb d. fb /4

Q.15 Which of the following technique is non coherent?

a. BFSK b. ASK c. QASK d. DPSK

∞
Q.16 In the equation y(ti) = μ A i + ∑ A k P [ ( ⅈ−k ) T b ] the ISI part is represented by _________.
k=−∞
 ∞
a. μ A i b. P [ ( ⅈ−k ) T b ] c. μ A k ∑ P [ (ⅈ−k ) T b ] d. All of these
k=−∞

Q.17 For ISI which of the following is true.

a. Cannot be eliminated totally b. It can be reduced c. It occurs due to dispersive nature of

channel d. All of these

Q.18 When the noise across the channel becomes white Gaussian noise optimum filter is
called________.

a. matched filter b. integrate and dump filter c. correlation receiver d. optimum receiver

Q. 19 Impulse response of the matched filter is given as _________.

2k
a. h ( t )= x ( T −t )
N0

2k
b. h ( t )= [ x ( T −t )−x 2 ( T −t ) ]
N0 1

c. h ( t )=K x ( T −t )

d. All of these

Q.20 Error probability of the matched filter is given as _________.

1 2E
a. Pe = erfc
2 √ N0

1 E
b. Pe = erfc
2 √ 2 N0

1 E
c. Pe = erfc
2 √ N0

1 E
d. Pe = erfc
2 √ 4 N0
Q.21 The maximum signal to noise ratio of the matched filter is given as _________.

E
a.
2 N0

2E
b.
N0

E
c.
N0
 2E
d.
√ N0
Q.22 Matched filter and correlator are two techniques that are _________.

a. same b. distinct but give same output c. not same and have different outputs d. none of these
Q.23 Optimal linear receivers are used to transmit data across transmission system where ______.

a. channel noise is high

b. ISI is high

c. channel noise and ISI both are present

d. only ISI is present

Q.24 The passband transmission model consists of _________.

a. transmitter b. channel c. receiver d. all of these

Q.25 Following is the advantage of passband transmission -

a. Long distance transmission b. Multiplex is possible

c. ISI and crosstalk is reduced d. All of these

Q.26 Sin t and Cos t are _________.

a. orthogonal b. basic functions c. carrier signals d. all of these

Q.27 The frequency domain criterion for zero ISI is _________.

∞
a. ∑ [ P ( f −n f b ) ]=0
n=−∞

∞
b. ∑ [ P ( f −n f b ) ]=T b
n=−∞

∞
c. ∑ [ P ( T −n T b ) ]=0
n=−∞

∞
d. ∑ [ P ( T −n T b ) ]=f b
n=−∞
UNIT-3

Q.1 Intermediate Frequency (IF) can be given as ____ if fs is incoming signal frequency and fo is local
oscillator frequency.

Q.2 The ability of receiver to select desired frequency signal while rejecting all other signals is called
__________.

Q.3 Image frequency is given as _______.

Q.4 If superheterodyne receiver is tunned to 1500 kHz with an IF of 455 kHz the image frequency is
______

Q.5 A superheterodyne receiver with an IF of 450 kHz is tuned to a signal at 1400 kHz. The image
frequency will be ________.

Q.6 Decreasing the Q of resonant circuit causes its bandwidth to _____.

Q.7 The greater the gain of receiver, the better is ____.

Q.8 The receiver that uses only tuned amplifiers and detector circuits is known as ____ receiver.

Q.9 A receiver that uses a mixer to convert the received signal to lower frequency is called ______
receiver.

Q.10 The AGC voltage controls the gain of the __________.

Q.11 In an AM receiver, the AGC voltage is derived from the _______.

Q.12 A BFO is required to detect ______ signal.

Q.13 Decreasing the input frequency to locked PLL will cause the VCO output frequency to __________.
Q.14 A circuit that blocks the audio until a signal is received is called __________

Q.15 Limiter and de-emphasis circuits are required in ____________ receivers.

Q.16 ____________ is a way of sending multiple signals or streams of information over a

communications link at the same time in the form of a single, complex signal.

Q.17 The interference of the adjacent channels or overlapping of information between adjacent
channels is called ________.

Q.1 The RF amplifier in TRF receiver is tunned to_________ of the modulated signal.

a. modulating frequency

b. carrier frequency

c. intermediate frequency

d. image frequency

Q.2 In superheterodyne receiver incoming RF frequencies are down converted to fixed lower
frequency which is called as ___________.

a. carrier frequency

b. down frequency

c. radio frequency

d. intermediate frequency

Q.3 Frequency at which IF amplifiers are tuned and frequency which is received by antenna of
superheterodyne receiver are the ______.

a. different frequencies

b. same frequencies

c. very low frequencies

d. none of above.

Q.4 ________ stage is used to produced frequency translation of incoming signal down to intermediate
frequency.

a. Oscillator

b. Multiplier

c. Mixer

d. Amplifier
Q.5 Sensitivity of receiver refers to receivers ability to peak up _______.

a. strong signals

b. all signals

c. weak signals

d. none of above

Q.6 Initial gain and selectivity of receiver is provided by _______ .

a. If amplifiers b. local oscillators c. mixers d. RF amplifiers

Q.7 Output circuit of mixer is tuned to ______.

a. local oscillator frequency

b. carrier frequency

c. intermediate frequency

d. image frequency

Q.8 All tuned circuits in superheterodyne receiver have _________.

a. separate tunning

b. ganged tunning

c. multiplexed tunning

d. none of above

Q.9 To avoid a loud noise, the receivers output is enabled only when carrier is detected. This is done by
________.

a. squelch circuit

b. limiter circuit

c. tunning circuit

d. mixer circuit

Q.10 In diode detector circuit diode acts as ________.

a. full wave rectifier

b. half wave rectifier

c. switch

d. amplifier

Q.11 In practical diode detector _______ of modulated wave is detected.

a. both positive and negative envelope

b. positive envelope

c. negative envelope

d. none of above

Q.12 Synchronization with transmitter is always required at receiver if receiver uses ______.

a. coherent detection b. non coherent detection

c. envelope detection

d. all of above

Q.13 Local oscillator frequency is always ______ the incoming frequency.

a. lower than

b. higher than

c. equal to

d. none of above.

Q.14 The incoming frequency is down converted of IF by ___________.

a. RF amplifier

b. local oscillator

C. mixer

d. if Amplifier

Q.15 In three point tracking _______ are used to avoid tracking error.

a. trimmer capacitor

b. padder capacitor

c. both trimmer and padder capacitor

d. none of above

Q.16 Most of the receiver gain is provided to received signal in ________ of superheterodyne
receiver.

a. RF amplifier stage

b. IF amplifier stage

c. mixer stage
d. audio amplifier stage.

Q.17 In a superhet broadcast receiver, the frequency of local oscillator is ________.

a. higher than the incoming signal frequency

b. lower than the incoming signal frequency

c. equal to the incoming signal frequency

d. none

Q.18 A receiver has poor IF selectivity. It implies that it will also have _______.

a. sensitivity

b. blocking

c. double-spotting

d. diversity reception

Q.19 AGC is used in a radio receiver to _____.

a. maintain the carrier level at the second detector input constant

b. maintain the carrier level at the second detector input variable

c. improve selectivity of the receiver

d. improve noise figure of the receiver

Q.20 One of the main functions of the RF amplifier in a superheterodyne receiver is to _________.

a. provide improved tracking

b. permit better adjacent-channel rejection

c. increase the tuning range of the receiver

d. improve the rejection of the image frequency.

Q.21 The local oscillator of a broadcast receiver is tuned to a frequency higher than the incoming
frequency___________.

a. to help the image frequency rejection

b. to permit easier tracking

c. because otherwise an intermediate frequency could not be produced.

d. to allow adequate frequency coverage without switching.

Q.22 In a radio receiver using simple AGC ___.

a. an increase in carrier strength produce larger AGC bias

b. audio stage is controlled by AGC

c. faster the AGC time constant, more accurate the output

d. highest AGC bias is produced when tuned to frequency in between stations.

Q.23 The AGC bias in a radio receiver is proportional to __________.

a. the modulation index

b. amplitude of the audio voltage

c. amplitude of the IF carrier voltage

d. frequency of the carrier.

Q.24 The output of the linear diode detector in a radio receiver contains ________ .

a. modulation frequency voltage

b. dc voltage

c. carrier voltage

d. all of these

Q.25 Which of the following statement about the amplitude limiter is false?

a. Leak type bias must be used

b. The output must be tuned

c. The circuit is always biased in class C, by virtue of the leak type bias

d. When the input increases past the threshold of limiting, the gain decreases to keep the output
constant.

Q.26 The function of noise limiter in communication receivers is _________.

a. to eliminate noise as the signal enters the receiver

b. to create phase difference between the signal and the noise

c. to reduce the effect of noise pulses

d. to limit the noise bandwidth.

Q.27 For superheterodyne broadcast receiver which statement is true:

a. Local oscillator operates much below the incoming signal frequency

b. Local oscillator frequency is always double of intermediate frequency IF

c. Mixer input must be tunned to incoming signal frequency with higher frequency signal from local
oscillator as other input.
d. RF amplifier is tunned to 455 kHz.

Q.28 Which one of the following blocks is not common in both AM and FM receivers?

a. Mixer

b. IF amplifier

c. RF amplifier

d. Slope detector

Q.29 The envelope detector is _________.

a. synchronous detector

b. noncoherent detector

c. coherent detector

d. product demodulator

Q.30 The main problem with the TRF design is __________.

a. lack of selectivity in receiving all AM stations

b. poor demodulation of an AM station

c. lack of sensitivity in receiving all AM stations

d. frustration in tunning to receive more one station

Q.31 The typical squelch circuit cuts off ____.

a. audio amplifier when carrier is absent

b. RF interference when signal is weak

c. IF amplifier when the AGC is maximum

d. IF amplifier when the AGC is minimum

Q.32 In FM receiver function of an amplitude limiter is to ___________.

a. eliminate any change in amplitude of received FM signal

b. reduce the amplitude of signal to suit IF amplifier.

c. amplify low frequency signal

d. none of above

Q.33 In FM demodulator ____________.

a. capacitors are charged to the amplitude of FM wave

b. frequency deviation is converted in to voltage

c. is a simple diode detector

d. none of above

Q.34 An FM receiver switching suddenly between two stations on nearby frequencies is called
__________.

a. the capture effect

b. two station effect

c. threshold effect

d. none of above

Q.35 The receiver circuit that rids FM of noise is the __________.

a. modulator

b. demodulator

c. limiter

d. low pass filter

Q.36 Which of the following frequency demodulator does not require input limiter?

a. balanced slope detector

b. slope detector

c. PLL

d. none of above

Q.37 Which frequency demodulator is considered the best overall?

a. Ratio detector

b. Slope detector

c. Detector with PLL

d. All of the above

Q.38 __________ is an example of direct method of frequency demodulation.

a. Frequency discriminator

b. Phase-Clocked loop

c. Zero-Crossing detector

d. Both (a) and (c)

Q.39 __________ is an example of indirect method of frequency demodulation.

a. frequency discriminator

b. phase clocked loop

c. zero-crossing detector

d. both (a) and (b)

Q.40 In slope detector _____ tuned circuit(s) is/ are used.

a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

Q.41 In Foster-Seelay discriminators _____ tuned circuits are used.

a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5

Q.42 Which FM detector has very poor linearity?

a. Slope detector

b. Balanced slope detector

c. Foster-seelay discriminator

d. Ratio detector

Q.43 Which FM detector has very good linearity?

a. Slope detector

b. Balanced slope detector

c. Foster-seelay discriminator

d. Ratio detector

Q.44 Which FM detector is insensitive to noise and amplitude variations?

a. Slope detector

b. Balanced slope detector

c. Foster-seelay discriminator

d. Ratio detector

Q.45 Which of following FM detector(s) is/ are not used in practice?

a. Slope detector

b. Balanced slope detector

c. Foster-seelay discriminator

d. Both (a) and (b)