Assignment No.

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Submitted By:
Hayag , Ian Holden

Submitted To:
Sir Christian John Caniel
 Instructions to use in this assignment

Using Google Slides Answer the Following:

Identify what is normally aspirated system and its major parts
Note:
Be Creative !
(You can use pictures for more understanding)

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Introduction
What is Normally Aspirated System?

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 Normally Aspirated System

So from the word itself “naturally aspirated” , basically it means that this type of induction system works
by getting the air “naturally” outside in a regular intake system.

Meaning that it naturally takes air in a natural process without needing any additional and extra power
or component.

Compared to the other type of induction system like supercharged and turbocharged this two type of
induction system had an additional and extra components such as turbine blades and etc.

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Normally Aspirated System in Aircraft
A typical induction system on a normally
aspirated engine consists of a four major
components.

First is the air intake, second is the

induction air filter, third is the fuel
delivery system, and last is the induction
manifold.

Additional subsystems such as an

alternate air source, an ice removal or
prevention system, and a temperature
indicating system are typically included to
support the operation of the four primary
components.

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 Four Major Parts of Normally Aspirated System

▧ Air Intake
▧ Induction Air Filter
▧ Fuel Delivery System
▧ Induction Manifold

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 1.
Air Intake

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Air Intake

An air intake, sometimes referred to as an air scoop,

is designed to direct outside air into a carburetor or
other fuel metering device.

Air Intake or Air Scoop are usually found in the

propeller slipstream

Because of the extra velocity the propeller imparts to

the airstream. By taking advantage of ram air
pressure, the pressure within the intake is typically
higher than any other point in a normally aspirated
induction system. Because of this pressure rise, a
well designed intake scoop can have a substantial
effect on an engine's power output.

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 2.
Induction Air Filter

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Induction Air Filter
Induction air filters are typically installed in air
intake ducts so that it can prevent dust, sand,
abrasive materials, or other contaminants from
entering the engine.

Induction Air Filter helps engine to provide

reliable operation and a long service life.The
induction air must be free of foreign material.

Without the Induction air filter the dust or

foreign material will be free to enter in the
aircraft’s engine.

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 Effect of Dust or Foreign Material In
Aircrafts Engine

Dust consists of small particles of hard, abrasive material that can be carried into the engine cylinders by the
induction air

Dust particles can cause accelerated wear on cylinder walls and piston rings, silicon fouling of spark plugs, and
contaminate the oil. Once in the oil, the particles are carried throughout the engine, causing further wear on
bearings and gears. In extreme cases, dust accumulation can clog an oil passage and cause oil starvation. Dust
may also collect in a fuel metering device and upset its ability to provide the proper mixture ratio at all power
settings.

Dust is a serious source of trouble for an aircraft engine.

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 3.
Fuel Delivery System

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Fuel Delivery System
The fuel delivery system on a normally aspirated
engine can be either a carburetor or a fuel injection
system.

The purpose of a fuel delivery system is to meter the

amount of fuel and air that is delivered to the
cylinders.

Today, modern reciprocating engines use either a

carburetor or fuel injection unit to meter fuel to the
engine. The two types of carburetors used include the
float-type carburetor, and pressure-injection
carburetor.

On the other hand, the two types of fuel injection

systems available are the continuous or direct fuel
injection systems.

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 4.
Induction Manifold

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Induction Manifold
On a typical horizontally opposed engine, the intake
manifold is the connecting point of all the individual
pipes which deliver air or fuel/air mixture to the
cylinders.

An intake manifold typically consists of ducting that

goes from the fuel metering device to the individual
cylinders.

So basically an induction manifold acts like a pipe

where it delivers air or fuel/air mixture into the
cylinder without this , the delivery of air would be
impossible and the following stroke cycle in a cylinder
would be not completed.

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 Subsystem of Normally Aspirated System

▧ Alternate Air Source

▧ Ice Removal or Ice Prevention System
▧ Temperature Indicating System

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 1.
Alternate Air Source

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Alternate Air Source
On carbureted engines, an alternate air supply is
provided by a carburetor air box which can draw air
from the main intake or from inside the cowling.

However, since fuel injected engines do not use a

carburetor air box, an alternate air door must be
installed.

When opened, an alternate air door allows warm,

unfiltered air flow into the induction system.

The operation of an alternate air door may be

controlled automatically or manually from the
cockpit.

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 2.
Ice Removal or Ice
Prevention

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Ice Removal Or Ice Prevention
Since the accumulation of ice in an induction system
restricts the amount of air that can enter an engine

The most commonly used method of preventing and

eliminating carburetor ice is to duct warm air into the
carburetor.

This type of ice removal system is known as a carburetor

heat system. With this type of system, unfiltered air is
drawn from within the engine cowling through a sheet
metal shroud that surrounds an exhaust pipe.

The shroud is commonly called a heater muff and

functions as an air-to-air heat exchanger that warms the
intake air and then directs it to a carburetor air box.

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 Ice Removal Or Ice Prevention
▧ Figure (A) When the carburetor heat
control is placed in the cold position,
filtered ram air entering the main air
scoop is ducted to the carburetor while
heated air is ducted overboard.
▧ Figure (B) In the hot position, the air
door is repositioned to route hot,
unfiltered air into the carburetor.

Note:
Although carburetor heat is extremely effective at eliminating carburetor ice, improper or
careless use can cause damage to an engine

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 3.
Temperature Indicating
System

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Temperature Indicating System
To help inform a pilot when the temperature at the
carburetor can support the formation of ice, some
aircraft are fitted with a carburetor air temperature
gauge, or CAT gauge.

With this type of system, carburetor air temperature

is measured at the carburetor entrance by a
temperature sensing bulb in the ram air intake duct.

The sensing bulb senses the air temperature in the

carburetor and then sends a signal to a cockpit
instrument that is calibrated in degrees Centigrade.

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