Concept of Man, Health and Wellness Wellness and Well-Being

Health Wellness

 Presence or absence of disease  State of well-being

 Complete physical, mental, social well-being  A dynamic, growing process
 Ability to maintain normal roles  Daily decision-making regarding nutrition,
 Developmental and behavioral potential is stress management, physical fitness,
realized to fullest extent possible preventive health care, and emotional
 Striving toward optimal functioning health
 A state of complete physical, mental and  Whole being of the individual
social wellbeing and not merely the absence
Basic components
of disease or infirmity (WHO)
 Personal definitions of health 1. Environmental
 Individual perception  Ability to promote health measure that
 Some individuals believe they are improves
health even though they have  Standard of living
physical impairments that some  Quality of life
would consider an illness.  Influences such as food, water, and air
 Ongoing process 2. Social
 Interact successfully
Each person has a personal concept of health.
 Develop and maintain intimacy
Pender and colleagues (2015) define health as the
 Develop respect and tolerance for
actualization of inherent and acquired human
others
potentials through the goal-directed behavior,
3. Emotional
competent self-care and satisfying relationship with
 Ability to manage stress
others while adjustments are made as needed to
 Ability to express emotion
maintain structural integrity and harmony with the
4. Physical
environment. individuals’ views of health vary
 Carry out daily tasks
among different cultural orientation. According to
 Achieve fitness
Pender (1996) all people free of disease are not
 Maintain nutrition
equally healthy. Views of health have broadened to
 Avoid abusing substances
include not only physical well-being, but also
 Practice positive lifestyle habits
mental, social and spiritual well-being and a focus
5. Spiritual
on health at the family and community levels.
 Belief in some force that gives life
Health and illness are defined according to
meaning and purpose
individual perception. Health often includes
 Person's own morals, values, and ethics
conditions previously considered to be illness.
6. Intellectual
Example, a person fully recovered from stroke with
 Ability to learn
limited physical paralysis and living independently
 Ability to use information effectively
may no longer consider himself or herself ill.
 Striving for continued growth
 Learning to deal with new challenges
7. Occupational
 Ability to achieve balance between
work and leisure
 Well-being  Agent-host-environment model
 Each factor constantly interacts with the
 Subjective perception of vitality and feeling well
others.
 Can be described objectively, experienced,
 When in balance, health is maintained.
measured
 When not in balance, disease occurs.
 Can be plotted on a continuum
 Health-illness continua
Models of Health and Wellness  Dunn's high-level wellness grid
 High-level wellness in a favorable
 Clinical model environment
 Provides narrowest interpretation of health  Emergent high-level wellness in an
 People viewed as physiologic systems unfavorable environment
 Health identified by absence of disease or  Protected poor health in a favorable
injury environment
 State of not being "sick"  Poor health in an unfavorable
 Opposite of health environment
 Disease or injury  Illness–wellness continuum
 Role performance model  Arrows pointing in opposite
 Able to fulfill societal roles directions and joined at a neutral
 Viewed as healthy even if clinically ill, if still point
able to fulfill roles  Some feel real concepts more
 Sickness complex than on continuum.
 Inability to perform one's role  Measures person's perceived level of
 Adaptive model wellness
 Creative process  Health and illness/disease opposite ends of
 Disease a health continuum
 A failure in adaptation or maladaptation  Move back and forth within this continuum
 Extreme good health day by day
 Flexible adaptation to the environment  How people perceive themselves and how
 Focus is stability, with ability to grow and others see them affects placement.
change.
 Eudemonistic model Variables Influencing Health Status, Beliefs, and
 Comprehensive view of health Practices
 Actualization or realization of a person's
 Internal, external variables
potential
INTERNAL
 Illness
 Biologic dimension
 Condition that prevents self-
 Genetic makeup
actualization
 Gender
 Human potential through goal-directed
 Age
behavior, competent self-care
 Developmental level
 Satisfying relationships with others
 Psychologic dimension
 Maintaining structural integrity and
 Mind–body interactions
harmony with social and physical
 Self-concept
environments
 Health
 Expansion of consciousness
  Cognitive dimension
 Lifestyle choices
o A person's general way of living,
including conditions and
individual patterns of behavior
influenced by social and
personal factors
 Spiritual and religious beliefs

EXTERNAL

 Environment
 Geographic location
 Hazards and contamination
 Standards of living
 Reflect occupation, income, and
education
 Related to health, morbidity, and
mortality
 Family and cultural beliefs
 Pass on patterns of daily living
 How a person perceives, experiences,
and copes with illness
 Social support networks
 Family, friends, and/or confidant
 People can usually choose between healthy or
unhealthy activities.
 People have little or no choice over genetic
makeup, age, sex, culture, and sometimes
geographic environment.