古生物学文摘（网络版）

目 录
第 7 卷第 1 期 2011 年 3 月

古生物学
综论………………………(58)
综论……………………(1) 原生动物…………………(58)
遗迹化石………………(10) 古杯、多孔及腔肠动物…(64)
分子古生物学…………(12) 苔藓动物…………………(66)
古生态学………………(16) 腕足动物…………………(67)
软体动物…………………(72)
微体古生物学 节肢动物…………………(77)
笔石动物…………………(86)
综论……………………(18)
孢粉……………………(18) 古脊椎动物学
疑源类…………………(44)
牙形石…………………(44) 综论………………………(87)
小壳化石………………(45) 鱼类………………………(91)
两栖类……………………(96)
古植物学 爬行类……………………(99)
鸟类………………………(120)
综论……………………(46) 哺乳类……………………(124)
藻类……………………(47)
真菌……………………(52) 古人类学
地衣植物与苔藓植物…(54)
蕨类植物（广义）……(54) 古人类学…………………(139)
早期种子植物…………(55)
裸子植物………………(56) 历史地质学、地层学
被子植物………………(57)
综论………………………(143)
古无脊椎动物学 古地理学、古气候学……(144)
前古生界…………………(144)
古生界……………………(163)
中生界……………………(165)
新生界……………………(172)
 古生物学文摘（网络版）
第 7 卷第 1 期
古 生 物 学
综 论
2011010001
演化理论与科学思考 = Evolutionary theory
and scientific thinking. (英文). Shishkin M A.
Paleontological Journal, 2010, 44(6): 601-
613 6 图版.
In natural sciences, the advance of evolu-
tionary thought and growth of empirical
knowledge are not strictly correlated. The
state of theory primarily tends to be controlled
by a mode of collective thinking that histori-
cally dominates a given branch of science.
This particularly holds true for the natural se-
lection concept, which has two alternative
interpretations known as the genetic and epi-
genetic theories of evolution. The final result
of their competition, albeit predictable, will
not be based upon any kind of “crucial evi-
dence” giving advantage to either of them.
The above result will be in fact attained as
soon as the evolutionary biology can over-
come the tradition of mosaic thinking which
enables the incompatible concepts to be com-
bined. In this respect, the key point to be real-
ized is that the idea of corpuscular determina-
tion of the ontogeny is incompatible with un-
derstanding the development as a systemically
controlled process.
2011010002
细胞能由其构件组装而来吗？ = Can a cell
be assembled from its constituents?. (英文).
Chetverin A B. Paleontological Journal, 2010,
44(7): 715-727 8 图版.
To date, available are a provisional list of
the minimal set of genes required for the func-
tioning and multiplication of a living cell un-
der maximally favorable conditions, methods
for the complete chemical synthesis of the
minimal genome, and cell-free systems for
carrying out all the biochemical reactions
comprising the genome replication and ex-
pression. The most serious problem that re-
mains on the way to creating an artificial liv-
ing cell is the need to meet two apparently
incompatible requirements: separation of the
biochemical reactions from the environment,
and exchange between the environment and
the cell. A solution to this problem can be
2011 年 3 月
provided by molecular colonies (other names:
nanocolonies, polonies), which form when
RNA or DNA is replicated in a solid medium
having pores of a nanometer size. Molecular
colonies might also have served as a pre-
cellular form of compartmentalization in the
RNA World.
2011010003
谁先出现：病毒还是细胞？ = Which came
first, the virus or the cell?. (英文). Agol V I.
Paleontological Journal, 2010, 44(7): 728-
736 8 图版.
The nature of viruses and the fundamental
difference between their reproduction mecha-
nism and cell division are discussed. The ways
for storage and expression of genetic informa-
tion in viruses are considerably more diverse
than in cells. It is widely accepted nowadays
that the “RNA world” appeared earlier than
the “DNA world.” Hypotheses of the origin of
viruses are discussed in conjunction with these
theories (a hypothesis that cells with a RNA-
genome appeared first, and were followed by
viruses, and a hypothesis according to which
RNA-containing viruses appeared first). It is
suggested in both cases that the DNA-
genomes first appeared in viruses, and that
viruses played a definitive role in the origin of
archaeans, eubacteria, and eukaryotes.
2011010004
从火星到木卫二：在巨行星的卫星中寻找
生物圈 = From Mars to Europa: Search for a
biosphere on the satellites of giant planets. (英
文). Ksanfomality L V. Paleontological Jour-
nal, 2010, 44(7): 747-760 12 图版.
For almost 50 years the planet Mars has
been investigated using spacecraft. The search
for evidence of life on this planet is among the
main tasks of these investigations. This paper
discusses some results of the expeditions to
Mars and the targets of the future exploration
of Europa, one of the four Galileo moons of
Jupiter. The search for possible evidence of
life on Europa is also a part of new projects.
Physical conditions on Mars and Europa are
comparable to those on the Earth.
2011010005
1
天文催化--地球形成的前地质阶段的非生物
成 因 合 成 与 化 学 演 化 = Astrocatalysis—
Abiogenic synthesis and chemical evolution at
pregeological stages of the Earth’s formation.
(英文). Snytnikov V N. Paleontological Jour-
nal, 2010, 44(7): 761-777 12 图版.
The Earth’s biosphere appeared in a self-
organization process along with the appear-
ance of the Solar System. It is shown, based
on the methods of self-organization examina-
tion and existing knowledge, that major stages
of the chemical evolution in the early devel-
opment of the biosphere include the “cold
prehistory of life” in dense molecular nebulae,
“pre-planetary chemocoenosis,” “RNA-world”
in a circumsolar nebula, and primary biocoe-
noses of protocells (life) on the planetary bod-
ies. Estimates for carbon in the primordial
biosphere on the young Earth’s surface give
2.4 × 1019 kg. The decay of the primordial
Earth’s biomass and biogeochemical cycles in
2.5 Myr led to the “planet of bacteria” with
2.0 × 1015 kg of biota in the Proterozoic (at the
time of an oxygenated atmosphere). The main
parameters (pressure, temperature, and state of
catalytic solid phase) are estimated for these
stages of the early evolution of life. It is
shown that the abiogenic synthesis of the pri-
mordial matter was preformed in the Solar
System on a grand scale with practically every
atom in nanoparticles-catalysts participating.
Selection among catalytically active nanopar-
ticles worked towards the ability to synthesize
high molecular compounds in a protoplanetary
disk. Autocatalysts participated in the pre-
planetary chemical evolution, beginning from
such simple substances as ethylene or glyco-
laldehyde. Primary synthesis of autocatalysts
depended on external sources of energy, e.g.,
on ultraviolet radiation.
2011010006
分子及其在宇宙中的迁徙 = Molecules and
their migration in the universe. ( 英 文 ).
Bochkarev N G. Paleontological Jour-
nal, 2010, 44(7): 778-791 12 图版.
This paper outlines the assemblage of
molecules observed in various astronomical
objects found in, largely, the interstellar me-
dium (not including the planets of the Solar
System and their satellites). Various mecha-
nisms for the spatial migration of molecules,
including the transfer of molecular compounds
from one planetary (protoplanetary) system to
another, are considered. It is shown that over
cosmological time the transfer of molecules is
possible over distances up to 100 million light
years. Hoyle and Wickramasinghe’s hypothe-
sis on the biological origin of some interstellar
dust grains is also briefly discussed.
2011010007
40-46 亿年间的地球表面状态：最初的合成
= Conditions on the Earth’s surface 4–4.6 Ga:
Primary syntheses. (英文). Mukhin L M. Pa-
leontological Journal, 2010, 44(7): 792-799 7
图版.
4–4.6 Ga the Earth’s surface was probably
mainly cold with some hot spots which re-
sulted from impacts. A system so largely het-
erogeneous (in temperature) could have pro-
vided possibilities for processes of primary
syntheses of organic compounds.
Professor Lev Mikhailovich Mukhin, who was
one of the most active organizers of the work-
shop “Problems of the Origin of Life,” died on
April 24, 2009. Considering that Lev Mik-
hailovich was planning to prepare a paper
based on his report, the editorial team made a
decision to publish the reports of Lev Mik-
hailovich based on a videotape. The report
was converted into a written document and
illustrated by the presentation slides.
The editorial team takes the full responsibility
for possible errors and omissions.
2011010008
由年轻行星紧密包围着的早期地球 = Early
Earth closely surrounded by young stars. (英
文). Vityazev A V; Pechernikova G V. Pale-
ontological Journal, 2010, 44(7): 800-818 11
图版.
Knowledge of the physical and chemical
conditions on the primeval Earth is important
for the study of the origin of the biosphere.
This paper discusses the latest modification of
the theory of the origin of the Earth and other
planets. Possible consequences of the forma-
tion of the Sun in the area of the star forma-
tion closely surrounded by neighboring young
stars are considered. The classical problem of
the rate of accretion of Earth and other planets
is generalized with new estimates allowing the
correlation of the results from long-lived (U-
Pb) and short-lived (Hf-W) space-
chronometers. A model of the early evolution
of the Earth, based on both dynamic estimates
and the latest geochemical data (earliest Aus-
tralian zircons, relict xenon pleiad) is dis-
cussed. The problems of the theory of early
Earth’s evolution, which so far cannot be ade-
quately solved, are discussed.
1

2011010009
假象的微生物结构 = Pseudomorphic micro-
bial structures. (英文). Rozanov A Yu. Pale-
ontological Journal, 2010, 44(7): 819-826 7
图版.
According to the recent data, carbonaceous
chondrites occasionally have pseudomor-
phoses after microbes. The meteorite ages
suggest that life had developed earlier than the
Earth was formed.
2011010010
地圈和生物圈的早期演化阶段与早期冰川
作用问题 = On the early evolutionary stage of
the geosphere and biosphere and the problem
of early glaciations. (英文). Dobretsov N L.
Paleontological Journal, 2010, 44(7): 827-
838 9 图版.
The early evolutionary stages of the geo-
sphere and biosphere are determined by three
interrelated factors: (1) continuous cooling of
the surface and interior (mantle) of the Earth
(the mean temperatures of the mantle and sur-
face decreased by a factor of 1.5–2 and 3–4,
respectively; the mean heat flow was reduced
by approximately one order of magnitude, and
viscosity, by three orders); (2) continuous
stepwise oxidation of the surface, which was
particularly well pronounced from 3.8 to 1.8
Ga; and (3) periodic and correlated fluctua-
tions of conditions in the geosphere and bio-
sphere of varying extent and nature. The ma-
jor boundaries of this evolution were about 4
Ga (the origin of rather thick and heterogene-
ous earth’s crust, the origin of life); about 3
Ga (appearance of a strong magnetic field, an
increase in photosynthetic activity); about
1.8–1.9 Ga (appearance of an oxidized atmos-
phere, the first supercontinent, possibly, the
first superplumes from the nucleus); and about
0.75 Ga (acceleration of subduction, “water-
ing” of the upper mantle, elevation of conti-
nents with vast land masses, shelves, large
rivers, and the first great glaciations). The sig-
nificance and correlations of the earliest
events (before and about 4 Ga) and events
about 750 Ma are widely debated. In the Late
Archean and Early Proterozoic (before 1.8 Ga),
the biosphere was dominated by cyanobacteria,
the dynamics and developmental peaks of
which are marked by the presence of wide-
spread stromatolite buildups in carbonaceous
rocks (initially, mostly dolomitic matter).
About 700–750 Ma, intense and frequent gla-
ciations developed, marking the cooling of the
Earth. The greatest glaciation apparently oc-
curred about 640 Ma, which gave rise to the
discussion of the model of the Snowball Earth.
The emergence and evolution of skeletons in
animals is sometimes thought to be connected
with glaciations. These events are correlated
and accounted for by great endogenous
changes. One of the major events in endoge-
nous history is the onset about 750 Ma of pe-
riodic manifestation of mantle flows (super-
plumes), which explain further periodicity of
the biosphere evolution. In conclusion, ex-
trapolation of future evolution and successive
collapse of biosphere segments in the course
of transformation of the Sun into a red star and
warming of the Earth surface are proposed.
2011010011
高温深水微生物群落作为远古生态系统的
一个可能的指示器 = High-temperature deep-
subsurface microbial communities as a possi-
ble equivalent of ancient ecosystems. (英文).
Bonch-Osmolovskaya E A. Paleontological
Journal, 2010, 44(7): 851-859 4 图版.
Microbiological, molecular biological, and
radioisotopic studies suggest that active and
complex microbial communities exist in the
deep layers of the subsurface biosphere. This
review discusses only one group of such
communities, i.e., those developing at high
(above 60°C temperatures). Oil wells, subsur-
face water reservoirs (e.g., the Great Artesian
Basin in Australia), deep mines (in South Af-
rica), and high-temperature horizons below
the seafloor in the areas of underwater vol-
canic activity contain the best-studied high-
temperature subsurface ecosystems. These
microbial communities differ considerably
from one another in biodiversity, initial energy
substrate, and major microbiological processes.
However, before they can be considered as
equivalents of the Earth’s primordial ecosys-
tems, it is necessary to demonstrate that they
are energetically independent of the modern
biosphere.
2011010012
40 亿年前早期地球上的生命环境 = Life
conditions on the early Earth after 4.0 Ga. (英
文 ). Rozanov A Yu. Paleontological Jour-
nal, 2010, 44(7): 839-850 14 图版.
The organization level of Precambrian fos-
sils is the most reliable indicator of the state
and parameters of the biosphere, such as the
atmosphere composition, average temperature
of the earth’s surface, and others. At present,
2
cyanobacteria, unicellular and multicellular
eukaryotes, and coelomates are considered to
appear in the geological history of the Earth
much earlier than it was supposed previously.
Our knowledge and ideas of the early Earth
are very important for considering the prob-
lems of the origin of life. A key boundary of
the earliest period was probably about 4 Ga.
This boundary is between the periods docu-
mented and undocumented by the geological
record. The Earth history and probable surface
conditions before 4 Ga are considered by L.M.
Mukhina, A.V. Vityazeva, G.V. Pechernikova,
and L.V. Ksanfomaliti in this volume.
2011010013
地球上最初的生态系统 = First ecosystems
on Earth. (英文). Zavarzin G A. Paleontologi-
cal Journal, 2010, 44(7): 870-879 5 图版.
Theories attempting to explain the origin of
life on Earth should be based on the assump-
tion that habitability precedes habitation. The
hypotheses of the first organism should be
based on the evaluation of its possible life-
supporting ecosystem. The ecosystem should
necessarily include primary autotrophic pro-
ducers, and hydrogenotrophy appears to be an
adequate physiological type for primitive eco-
systems. Consideration of life on Earth should
differentiate between the origin of organisms
in situ and the transportation of organisms
from outside with cosmic bodies in the
framework of life as a widespread phenome-
non of the Universe. In the case of transport of
life with cosmic bodies, there are no limita-
tions on the transfer of a community rather
than an individual cell. In the case of the
transport of the community with a large piece
of “dirty ice,” the problem lies in the corre-
spondence between the community and its
ecosystem on the parent body and the condi-
tions on the primeval Earth rather than func-
tional divergence from a primary ancestor.
Subsequent events are within the framework
of paleontologically observed evolution and
can be described as biogeochemical succes-
sion without any additional speculations.
2011010014
生物膜的起源 = The origin of membranes.
(英文). Natochin Yu V. Paleontological Jour-
nal, 2010, 44(7): 860-869
The physicochemical conditions of the en-
vironment in which life arose are discussed,
along with the appearance of protocells, their
membranous envelope and the subsequent
appearance of plasma membranes. The hy-
pothesis that the first cells originated in reser-
voirs where potassium and magnesium salts
(necessary for protein synthesis and thus for
the formation of a cellular membrane) domi-
nated, is substantiated. This was followed by
adaptation of these cells to an external ocean-
like environment, where sodium salts were
prevalent. This stage of evolution required a
plasma membrane capable of providing ion
asymmetry between the cell’s cytoplasm and
the external environment. At this stage of evo-
lution in the predecessors of animals, the
process of removal of sodium ions and accu-
mulation of potassium ions began functioning
in the plasma membrane. The problem of mul-
ticellular organisms was solved differently by
animals and plants: animals developed a sys-
tem of the extracellular fluids that provided
stable physicochemical conditions on the ex-
ternal surface of the plasma membrane. So-
dium ions were the stimulus for the formation
of the polar cell, where sodium channels are
situated on one side of the plasma membrane,
and sodium pumps on the other, allowing the
development of the absorption, excretion and
breathing functions. The formation of fluids of
the internal environment enabled the devel-
opment of homeostasis and facilitated the bio-
logical progress of the animal kingdom.
2011010015
查尔斯•达尔文，进化生理学和生命起源 =
Charles Darwin, evolutionary physiology, and
origin of life. (英文). Natochin Yu V. Paleon-
tological Journal, 2010, 44(12): 1471-1481
In the first half of the 19th century investi-
gations began in the field of comparative and
ontogenetic physiology, and the publication of
On the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin
became a further stimulus for the development
of problems of evolutionary physiology. The
term evolutionary physiology was coined by
A.N. Severtzov in 1914, in the early 1930s the
USSR created laboratories for the develop-
ment of problems of evolutionary physiology.
In 1956 L.A. Orbeli organized the Sechenov
Institute of Evolutionary Physiology (Acad-
emy of Sciences of the USSR) in Leningrad.
This paper discusses the problems of physio-
logical paleontology, principles of the evolu-
tion of functions, regularities in functional
evolution, and physiologic approaches to the
origin of cell and life.
2011010016
可变性，范本原则和演化理论 = Variability,
template principle, and evolutionary theory.
3
(英文). Inge-Vechtomov S G. Paleontological
Journal, 2010, 44(12): 1482-1490 7 图版.
The central dogma of molecular biology
(Crick, 1958, 1970), as an expression of the
template principle in biology, provides a basis
for the consideration of different variability
types connected with replication, transcription,
and translation from the unified position.
There are also conformational templates (the
second order templates), which should be con-
sidered in addition to the generally accepted
templates of the first order. Nevertheless,
there is no direct correspondence between mo-
lecular mechanisms and organismic (pheno-
typic) manifestation of variability types. This
explains contradictions in the commonly ac-
cepted classification of variability types. Uni-
form mechanisms may underlie both heredi-
tary and nonhereditary variations, depending
on the taxonomic position and stage of the life
cycle. Hereditary genetic and epigenetic varia-
tions differ in frequency and, hence, have dif-
ferent effect on the efficiency of natural selec-
tion, resulting in different tempos of evolution.
2011010017
可能性空间和演化 = Possibility spaces and
evolution. ( 英 文 ). Suslov V V; M P;
Kolchanov N A. Paleontological Jour-
nal, 2010, 44(12): 1491-1499
Regulatory sequences, protein active sites,
and gene networks contain evolutionarily con-
servative modules, which define possibility
spaces, which restrict variability and canalize
evolution. This provides a new insight into
Vavilov’s law of homologous series and other
cases of parallel evolution. These modules are
self-sustained due to duplications and conver-
gent molecular evolution. At the same time,
protecting some mutations from the effect of
natural selection, the modules facilitate accu-
mulation of mutations in the quasineutral
mode and, thereby, promote further evolution,
making it unique.
2011010018
较高级后生动物分类单元形体构型的组合
模型：古生物学观点 = Combinatorial model
for the formation of body plans in higher
metazoan taxa: Paleontological insight. (英文).
Rozhnov S V. Paleontological Journal, 2010,
44(12): 1500-1508 4 图版.
The body plans of higher metazoan taxa
were formed during a short time (on the geo-
logical time scale) by combination of the pre-
viously developed characters. The combina-
tions were realized as a result of manifestation
of latent characters in adults through various
heterochronies. This resulted in mosaic evolu-
tion and concealment of intermediate forms.
Many characters of new body plans appeared
in the ancestral taxon and their various combi-
nations in the newly established taxa formed
the archaic diversity. The maximum rank of
newly appearing higher taxa decreased with
geological time. The evolution of metazoans
passed from the development of the general
body plan to less significant details and ap-
pearance of body plans describing taxa of
lower ranks. New body plans of higher taxa
were superposed on the old body plan rather
than replaced it, extending with time the sub-
ordination of body plans and respective hier-
archy of taxa. Aromorphoses are always con-
nected with the appearance of a new body
plan. The appearance of new taxa and an in-
crease in morphological diversity mostly oc-
curred at certain boundaries in the develop-
ment of the biota, which were connected with
a sharp increase in the previously limited re-
sources.
2011010019
达尔文主义的形态学解释 = Morphological
interpretation of darwinism. (英文). Mamkaev
Yu V. Paleontological Journal, 2010, 44(12):
1509-1517 1 图版.
The development of evolutionary theory
requires the resolution of the problem of rela-
tionships between random and regular proc-
esses in historical development of biological
systems. According to the theory of natural
selection, ecological factors play a leading
role in evolution. Variations are nondirec-
tional, unpredictable, and provide chaotic di-
versity of variants, only some of which are
potentially useful. However, based on random
processes, new variants that are useful for or-
ganisms and remain adaptive significance in
various ecological situations are infrequent. At
the same time, morphology demonstrates cer-
tain evolutionary patterns. The morphological
approach takes into account the role in evolu-
tion of structural features of organism and
social systems and evolutionary significance
of “constructive technologies,” which distin-
guish morphological interpretation of evolu-
tionary processes. The constructive and evolu-
tionary patterns revealed in biological systems
provide the basis for morphological interpreta-
tion of the principle of natural selection: both
natural and artificial selection is interaction
between social systems (populations, ecosys-
4
tems, biogeocoenoses) and organisms com-
posing them.
2011010020
形态演进组织的建立：起因和条件 = Estab-
lishment of aromorphic organization: Causes
and conditions. (英文). Severtsov A S. Pale-
ontological Journal, 2010, 44(12): 1518-1524
Aromorphoses appear based on specializa-
tion of ancestral taxon in a narrow adaptive
zone. Aromorphic evolution is accumulation
and coordination of particular adaptive
changes in organismic organization, which
provide adaptation to the whole range of envi-
ronmental conditions in the initial adaptive
zone. This provides preadaptation of a taxon
to the expansion of the adaptive zone. A dis-
tinctive feature of aromorphosis is preserva-
tion of fitness in both ancestral and newly ac-
quired adaptive zones. Therefore, aromor-
phoses are retained during subsequent phylog-
eny and lost only in the case of very strong,
usually hypomorphic specialization.
2011010021
细胞系统的演化与植物生命形式 = Evolu-
tion of cell systems and plant life forms. (英
文 ). Gamalei Yu V. Paleontological Jour-
nal, 2010, 44(12): 1540-1551
The distribution of photosynthates in the
body of vascular plants is examined by the
methods of electron and confocal fluorescent
microscopy in lifetime dynamics and using
fixed preparations. It is shown that system
relations of cells are provided by the “trophic
tract,” i.e., endoplasmic membrane meshwork,
which is induced by photosynthesis and
moves along plasmodesmata from photosyn-
thetic cells to meristematic cells consuming
photosynthates. The structure and functions of
the trophic tract are controlled by the actomy-
osin contractile apparatus of the cytoskeleton.
Climatic cooling and aridization in the Neo-
gene caused the loss of plasticity of the acto-
myosin complex, elimination of plasmodes-
mata, and fragmentation of the trophic tract,
which were accompanied by partial transition
of plants to the distribution of photosynthates
through the apoplast. This caused the appear-
ance in the Miocene of perennial and annual
herbs, with the trophic tract composed of par-
ticular domains without plasmodesmal con-
nections. In contrast to the continuous endo-
plasmic trophic tract of trees, the apoplastic
tract of herbs is inefficient, since transdomain
transport of sugar along the apoplast is con-
nected with high energy consumption. How-
ever, it is free from the influence of cold tem-
peratures and deficiency in water or mineral
supply. The cost for phylogenetic adaptogene-
sis of vascular plants to the Neogene climatic
cooling and aridization is a fourfold increase
in genome size. The morphofunctional conse-
quences are reduction of cell systems and life
forms in connection with the energy problems
induced by fragmentation of the trophic tract.
2011010022
Boris Mikhaylovich Kozo-Polyansky (1890–
1957)提出的一种关于演化重现的新原则：
共生起源 = Symbiogenesis. A new principle
of evolution rediscovery of Boris Mikhay-
lovich Kozo-Polyansky (1890–1957). (英文).
Margulis L. Paleontological Journal, 2010,
44(12): 1525-1539 12 图版.
The following is a heavily edited transcript
of my illustrated lecture, that included our 14
minute video (with a 2 minute animation
model) that shows each step in live organisms
hypothesized in the origin of nucleated cells
from bacteria (“eukaryosis”). New observa-
tions presented with modern examples of live
phenomena make us virtually certain that B.M.
Kozo-Polyansky’s “new principle” (1924) of
the importance of symbiogenesis in the evolu-
tionary process of at least 2000 million years
of life on Earth is correct. The widely touted
but undocumented explanation of the origin of
evolutionary novelty by “gradual accumula-
tion of random mutations” will be considered
an erroneous early 20th century hunch prof-
fered primarily by Englishmen, North Ameri-
cans and other anglophones. They (Neodar-
winist “explanations”) will be replaced by the
details of symbiogenesis: genetic mergers es-
pecially speciation by genome acquisition,
karyotypic fissions (neocentromere formation,
related chromosome change) and D.I. Wil-
liamson’s larval transfer concept for animals.
Although ignored and dismissed in his life
time, Kozo-Polyansky’s brilliant work will be
lauded for symbiogenesis in the same style
that Gregor Mendel’s studies of inheritance of
“factors” in peas was for recognition of his
establishment of diploid organism genetic
principles by the beginning of the 20th century.
My talk, photographs and moving pictures
were presented at the Darwin conference, St.
Petersburg, on September 23, 2009 introduced
by E. Kolchinsky.
2011010023
底质集群：文德期固着底栖生物群 = Colo-
nization of substrates: Vendian sedentary ben-
5
thos. (英文). Serezhnikova E A. Paleontologi-
cal Journal, 2010, 44(12): 1560-1569 3 图版.
Studies of fossils sampled from a single
fossiliferous layer (monotopic series) and a
summary of previous data on taphonomy and
morphology of Vendian macroorganisms sug-
gest that most strategies of attachment of sed-
entary benthos were formed in the Vendian.
These included: (1) free living with possible
organic gluing; (2) fixation on the substrate
using sucker-like structures and various in-
crustations; (3) fixation of the basal parts by
shallow submergence in the sediment; (4) an-
choring into the sediment with discoidal and
rhizoid-like holdfasts; and (5) partial submer-
gence and infaunal lifestyle. The most wide-
spread fixation in the Vendian was the at-
tachment by discoid organs, which can be in-
terpreted as symbiotrophic structures. Sym-
biotrophy in Vendian organisms submerged in
the anoxic sediment can apparently be sup-
ported by indirect evidence: structural diver-
sity of basal organs, their complex morphol-
ogy, large area of contact with substrate,
unlimited isometric growth, predominant fos-
silization of attachment discs; inconsistent
systematization of organisms.
2011010024
亚马孙古陆的沧桑变迁：安第斯山脉上
升，气候改变，陆地演化和生物多样性 =
Amazonia Through Time: Andean Uplift,
Climate Change, Landscape Evolution, and
Biodiversity. (英文). Hoorn C; Wesselingh F
P; ter Steege H; Bermudez M A; Mora A;
Sevink J; Sanmartin I; Sanchez-Meseguer A;
Anderson C L; Figueiredo J P; Jaramillo C;
Riff D; Negri F R; Hooghiemstra H ;
Lundberg J; Stadler T; Sarkinen T; Antonelli
A. Science, 2010, 330(6006): 927-931
The Amazonian rainforest is arguably the
most species-rich terrestrial ecosystem in the
world, yet the timing of the origin and evolu-
tionary causes of this diversity are a matter of
debate. We review the geologic and phyloge-
netic evidence from Amazonia and compare it
with uplift records from the Andes. This uplift
and its effect on regional climate fundamen-
tally changed the Amazonian landscape by
reconfiguring drainage patterns and creating a
vast influx of sediments into the basin. On this
"Andean" substrate, a region-wide edaphic
mosaic developed that became extremely rich
in species, particularly in Western Amazonia.
We show that Andean uplift was crucial for
the evolution of Amazonian landscapes and
ecosystems, and that current biodiversity pat-
terns are rooted deep in the pre-Quaternary.
2011010025
过去 650 年内南半球生物量损毁的重大变
化 = Large Variations in Southern Hemi-
sphere Biomass Burning During the Last 650
Years. (英文). Wang Z; Chappellaz J; Park K;
Mak J E. Science, 2010, 330(6011): 1663-
1666
We present a 650-year Antarctic ice core
record of concentration and isotopic ratios
(delta C-13 and delta O-18) of atmospheric
carbon monoxide. Concentrations decreased
by similar to 25% (14 parts per billion by vol-
ume) from the mid-1300s to the 1600s then
recovered completely by the late 1800s. delta
C-13 and delta O-18 decreased by about 2 and
4 per mil (parts per thousand), respectively,
from the mid-1300s to the 1600s then in-
creased by about 2.5 and 4 parts per thousand
by the late 1800s. These observations and iso-
tope mass balance model results imply that
large variations in the degree of biomass burn-
ing in the Southern Hemisphere occurred dur-
ing the last 650 years, with a decrease by
about 50% in the 1600s, an increase of about
100% by the late 1800s, and another decrease
by about 70% from the late 1800s to present
day.
2011010026
埃迪卡拉早期一个肉眼可见的和形态分异
的真核生物组合 = An early Ediacaran as-
semblage of macroscopic and morphologically
differentiated eukaryotes. ( 英 文 ). Yuan
Xunlai; Chen Zhe; Xiao Shuhai; Zhou
Chuanming; Hua Hong. Nature, 2011,
470(7334): 390–393
The deep-water Avalon biota (about 579 to
565 million years old) is often regarded as the
earliest-known fossil assemblage with macro-
scopic and morphologically complex life
forms1. It has been proposed that the rise of
the Avalon biota was triggered by the oxy-
genation of mid-Ediacaran deep oceans2. Here
we report a diverse assemblage of morpho-
logically differentiated benthic macrofossils
that were preserved largely in situ as carbona-
ceous compressions in black shales of the
Ediacaran Lantian Formation (southern Anhui
Province, South China). The Lantian biota,
probably older than and taxonomically distinct
from the Avalon biota, suggests that morpho-
logical diversification of macroscopic eu-
karyotes may have occurred in the early Edia-
caran Period, perhaps shortly after the Mari-
6
noan glaciation, and that the redox history of
Ediacaran oceans was more complex than
previously thought.
2011010027
演化生物学：生命什麽时候长大 = Evolu-
tionary biology: When life got big. (英文).
Narbonne G M. Nature, 2011, 470(7334):
339–340
Deposits in China dating to about 600 mil-
lion years ago contain carbon compressions of
algae and other organisms. The fossils provide
a new window into the early evolution of
complex multicellular life
2011010028
前言：古生代和中生代温室期的地生物群
= Preface: Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Geobiota
During Greenhouse Intervals. (英文). Ezaki Y;
Yao A; Liu Jianbo. Paleontological Re-
search, 2009, 13(1): 1-1
The present is not necessarily the key to the
past.” This is one of the most important les-
sons of geological study. In the geologic past,
many phenomena have been found to be
unique to specific temporal and environmental
circumstances, and the continual change in
such circumstances asserts that incidents
should always be interpreted anew in full con-
sideration of context. Past geobiological phe-
nomena have contributed to this continued
evolution of the environment through iterative
interactions among environmental components,
culminating in the present-day Earth.
The Palaeozoic to Mesozoic was punctuated
by extended greenhouse cycles that governed
the Earth-surface environment, particularly in
the Middle Cambrian to Devonian (except the
latest Ordovician) and the Middle Permian to
Cretaceous. Those greenhouse intervals
marked periods of dramatic changes in geobi-
ota, which were clearly reflected in the rise
and fall of the Cambrian, Palaeozoic, and
Modern evolutionary faunas. These critical
times also saw the establishment of the basic
geobiological frameworks, such as the marine-
to-terrestrial food webs and habitats, which
would shape the future Earth environment. It
remains an important question as to how these
series of climatic and environmental fluctua-
tions have affected the evolution of the Earth.
2011010029
地表环境的重大革命：生物登陆和海洋生
物奥陶纪辐射的关联 = A Great Revolution
of the Earth-Surface Environment: Linking the
Bio-Invasion Onto the Land and the Ordovi-
cian Radiation of Marine Organisms. (英文).
Masuda F; Ezaki Y. Paleontological Re-
search, 2009, 13(1): 3-8.
The strontium isotopic composition of the
oceans changed markedly at the Cambrian-
Ordovician transition, some 500 million years
ago. This isotopic shift was greatly affected by
the first bio-invasion of the land and the ensu-
ing terrestrial-surface environments in a chain
reaction that included: 1) an attenuation of
weathering on land, 2) changes in the outflow
patterns of fluvial floods and the circulation
patterns of groundwater, 3) marked regional
differentiation of coastal environments, 4) the
formation of soil layers, and 5) the eutrophica-
tion of estuaries by nutrient salts of terrestrial-
biosphere origin. A series of these environ-
mental changes culminated in the marine Or-
dovician biodiversification, an explosive
flourishing of the Paleozoic evolutionary
fauna that is characterized by a variety of filter
and suspension feeders. The bio-invasion onto
land was one of the greatest geobiological
events in the Earth's history.
2011010030
奥陶纪生物多样性事件的海洋沉积反应：
以华南和华北为例 = Marine Sedimentary
Response to the Great Ordovician Biodiversi-
fication Event: Examples from North China
and South China. (英文). Liu Jianbo. Paleon-
tological Research, 2009, 13(1): 9-21.
The Great Ordovician Biodiversification
Event (GOBE) introduced both dramatic in-
crease in taxonomic diversity and the com-
plexity of community structure in the marine
realm. However, relative few works have as-
sessed comprehensively the changes of sedi-
mentary systems in shallow-marine settings
responding to the GOBE. Data presented here
illustrate that the sedimentary systems on the
South China and North China paleoplates
changed markedly as a consequence of the
first major phase of the Ordovician biodiversi-
fication. Pre-GOBE sedimentary systems in
the Tremadocian display widespread microbi-
alites and flat-pebble conglomerates and the
indigent extent of bioturbation. Through the
transitional period of the early Floian, the
sedimentary system in the rest of the Early
and Mid Ordovician changes to GOBE-type,
characterized by intensive bioturbation and
vanishing flat-pebble conglomerate and sub-
tidal microbial sediment. The irreversible
changes in the sedimentary systems in North
and South China may be a consequence of the
Ordovician biodiversification instead of its
7
environmental background. Further detailed 化石"3 类,结合部分新材料的研究,分别对其
and quantitative field studies on the changes in 形态、保存特征和最新研究进展进行评
sedimentary systems are crucial for under- 述。认为其中大部分属假化石、MISS 构造
standing the ultimate causes of the GOBE.
或可能的藻类化石,但以下几类化石作为可
2011010031 能的动物化石,具有进一步研究的价值:1)辽
动物的起源和寒武纪大爆发:来自中国的化 南五行山群的水母状化石;2)辽南兴民村组
石证据 = The Origin And Cambrian Explo- 的水母状化石;3)部分遗迹化石(如辽南五行
sion Of Animals:Fossil Evidences From China. 山群的 Skolithos、北京青白口系的遗迹化
(中文). 朱茂炎. 古生物学报 , 2010, 49(3): 石);以及 4)"淮南生物群"的蠕虫状化石。
269-287
近 30 年来,中国埃迪卡拉纪—寒武纪发现 2011010033
了包括瓮安生物群和澄江动物群在内一系 3D 复原应用于古生物学的初探 = Applica-
列重要化石群,为揭示动物的起源和寒武纪 tion Of 3D-Reconstruction To Paleontology.
(中文). 陶思宇;张喜光. 古生物学报 , 2010,
大爆发过程提供了全球独一无二的古生物
49(3): 413-424
学证据。文中全面而简洁地介绍发现于华
目前国际上流行的 3D 复原,其实质是将
南埃迪卡拉纪—寒武纪的所有化石群和重
科学和艺术这两各自独立的领域予以融合,
要动物化石发现,总结其中特异化石群保存
让科学的理念与现代的技术接轨并以艺术
类型和埋藏环境。其中,陡山沱型磷酸盐化
形式体现。就古生物学研究而言,逐渐流行
胚胎化石群、庙河型宏体碳质膜化石群和
的 3D 复原技术不仅能让古生物学家对其研
牛蹄塘型海绵动物群,以及陡山沱组硅化的
究的对象获得更为丰富、生动的视觉效果,
动物休眠胚胎化石和宽川铺动物群中
更为重要的是让传统平铺直叙研究所涉及
"Orsten"型化石均是全球这一时期华南独有
的、早已消失的远古生命,能在公众心中留
的特异埋藏化石群。从时空两方面对化石
下鲜活记忆。文中以产自云南早寒武世的
群进行综合分析认为,动物可靠的最早化石
冠群甲壳动物滇彝虾(Yicaris dianensis)为例,
记录发现于埃迪卡拉纪早期,成冰纪及其以
着重介绍了 3D 复原的流程,包括如何从化
前的动物化石均存在疑问。动物的起源和
石图片获取有用信息,进而在软件里确立草
寒武纪大爆发经历了从浅水逐步向深水迁
图、建出模型、赋予纹理材质,以便最终创
移,以及阶段性辐射和灭绝的过程。首先动
立动画。诚然,以往许多文献资料上都附有
物经历了在埃迪卡拉纪早期的隐形微体动
复原图,但它们多是二维的。利用本文介绍
物早期演化阶段,之后经过以埃迪卡拉型生
的方法复原出来的模型,不仅能转化成经典
物为代表的大型复杂化演化阶段,在寒武纪
的二维图件用于研究论文和科普读物,还可
初期发生以梅树村动物群为代表的两侧对
应用于影视动画,甚至在电子游戏中得以发
称动物和生物骨骼矿化的大爆发,并随后又
展(如带科普性质的古生物游戏)。事实证明
被以澄江动物群为代表的寒武纪动物群所
3D 复原技术也是古生物学研究的一得力手
替代,在筇竹寺期达到了动物造型和生态系
段,值得尝试推广。
统复杂化的高峰。
2011010034
2011010032
古生代-中生代非海相古生态系统的定量和
华北地台前寒武纪“后生动物化石”评述 =
半定量分析 = On quantitative and semiquan-
A Brief Review Of The Precambrian "MetaZ-
titative analysis of the paleozoic-mesozoic
zoan Fossils" From North China. (中文). 罗翠;
nonmarine paleoecosystems. (英文). Sadov-
朱茂炎. 古生物学报, 2010, 49(3): 288-307
nikov G N. Paleontological Journal, 2011,
最新的古生物学和分子生物学研究表明, 45(1): 105-111 4 图版.
动物的最早祖先应该早于埃迪卡拉纪,可能 Quantitative analysis of taphocoenoses
在大约 635—850Ma 的成冰纪就已经出现, allows the recognition of dominants and
但是缺乏可靠的化石证据。华北地台的前 codominants of the main associations and
寒武纪沉积地层发育,前人曾在这套地层中 reconstruction of the taph, i.e., simplified
陆续报道过大量的"后生动物化石"。然而, skeletal structure of the lower units of the
这些化石的动物属性均存在疑问。文中通 paleocatena, which is a reconstructed
sequence of benthic communities on the slope
过整理 1979 年以来报道过的相关化石,将其
of a sedimentary basin (Zakharov and
分为"水母状化石"、"遗迹化石"和"蠕虫状 Shurygin, 1985; Krassilov, 2003). Only

8
aquatic and riparian associations are
connected with the lithological characteristics
of the taphocoenosis. The composition of
zootaphocoenoses allows the hydrological
mode of basins to be determined. The
frequency ratio of basin and lowland
associations is determined by the watering of
the bottom of valleys and depressions. The
frequency ratio of lowland and slope
associations is determined by the ripeness of
valleys. The frequency ratio of herbaceous and
arborescent slope associations is determined
by the ruggedness of terrain adjacent to the
basin.
2011010035
俄罗斯古生物学发展史 = On the history of
Russian paleontology. (英文). Lobacheva S V.
Paleontological Journal, 2011, 45(1): 112-
115
2011010036
秘鲁北部里约马拉尼翁的安第斯山脉间干
山谷被低估的地方种多样性：来自含羞草
（豆科植物，含羞草亚科）的实例 = Un-
derestimated endemic species diversity in the
dry inter-Andean valley of the Rio Maranon,
northern Peru: An example from Mimosa
(Leguminosae, Mimosoideae). (英文). Saerki-
nen T E; Marcelo-Pena J L; Yomona A D;
Simon M F; Pennington R T; Hughes C E.
Taxon, 2011, 60(1): 139-150
tool for estimating species diversity when
used in combination with traditional morphol-
ogy-based taxonomy. Here we use a densely
sampled plastid gene tree for a morphologi-
cally complex group within the legume genus
Mimosa (sect. Batocaulon ser. Andinae) to
improve estimates of species limits and diver-
sity in the poorly known dry inter-Andean
valley of the Rio Maranon, northern Peru.
Based on the plastid gene tree, Mimosa ser.
Andinae, which previously comprised four
species, is re-circumscribed to include six An-
dean dry-forest species from northern Peru,
Ecuador and southern Colombia., including
the new species, M. jaenensis, described here.
A further three candidate species are identified
within the section based on high levels of se-
quence variation among accessions. With the
additional species, the Maranon valley is now
known to harbour nine narrowly restricted
endemic species of Mimosa, a pattern of mul-
tiple congeneric endemics mirrored in many
other plant genera as well as several animal
groups. Our results, in combination with other
published studies, suggest that overall species
diversity in the Maranon has been signifi-
cantly under-estimated. Further work is
needed to identify conservation priority areas
in the Maranon in order to protect its unique
flora.
2011010037
获得植物标本采集的标签图像样本数据的
半自动化工作流程 = Semi-automated work-
flows for acquiring specimen data from label
images in herbarium collections. ( 英 文 ).
Granzow-de la Cerda I; Beach J H.
Taxon, 2010, 59(6): 1830-1842
Computational workflow environments are
an active area of computer science and infor-
matics research; they promise to be effective
for automating biological information process-
ing for increasing research efficiency and im-
pact. In this project, semi-automated data
processing workflows were developed to test
the efficiency of computerizing information
contained in herbarium plant specimen labels.
Our test sample consisted of Mexican and
Central American plant specimens held in the
University of Michigan Herbarium (MICH).
The initial data acquisition process consisted
of two parts: (1) the capture of digital images
of specimen labels and of full-specimen her-
barium sheets, and (2) creation of a minimal
field database, or "pre-catalog", of records that
contain only information necessary to
uniquely identify specimens. For entering
"pre-catalog" data, two methods were tested:
key-stroking the information (a) from the
specimen labels directly, or (b) from digital
images of specimen labels. In a second step,
locality and latitude/longitude data fields were
filled in if the values were present on the la-
bels or images. If values were not available,
geo-coordinates were assigned based on fur-
ther analysis of the descriptive locality infor-
mation on the label. Time and effort for the
various steps were measured and recorded.
Our analysis demonstrates a clear efficiency
benefit of articulating a biological specimen
data acquisition workflow into discrete steps,
which in turn could be individually optimized.
First, we separated the step of capturing data
from the specimen from most keystroke data
entry tasks. We did this by capturing a digital
image of the specimen for the first step, and
also by limiting initial key-stroking of data to
create only a minimal "pre-catalog" database
for the latter tasks. By doing this, specimen
handling logistics were streamlined to mini-
mize staff time and cost. Second, by then ob-
taining most of the specimen data from the
9
label images, the more intellectually challeng-
ing task of label data interpretation could be
moved electronically out of the herbarium to
the location of more highly trained specialists
for greater efficiency and accuracy. This pro-
ject used experts in the plants' country of ori-
gin. Mexico, to verify localities, geography,
and to derive geo-coordinates. Third, with
careful choice of data fields for the "pre-
catalog" database, specimen image files linked
to the minimal tracking records could be
sorted by collector and date of collection to
minimize key-stroking of redundant data in a
continuous series of labels, resulting in im-
proved data entry efficiency and data quality.
2011010038
Viola montana 和 V. persicifolia （ 堇 菜
科）：必须取消的两个名字 = Viola mon-
tana and V. persicifolia (Violaceae): Two
names to be rejected. (英文). Danihelka J; van
den Hof K; Marcussen T; Jonsell B.
Taxon, 2010, 59(6): 1869-1878
The taxonomic and nomenclatural histories
of Viola elatior Fr. (1828), V. pumila Chaix
(1785) and V. stagnina Kit. ex Schult. (1814)
in central and western Europe are discussed.
The names V. stagnina and V elatior are lecto-
typified with specimens corresponding to the
current use of these names. The neglected lec-
totypification in 1988 of V. montana L. (1753)
with a specimen referable to V elatior is
briefly reviewed. The name V persicifolia
Schreb. (1771), used in some floras instead of
V. stagnina, is analysed in detail, and we con-
clude that this name should be interpreted as
referring also to V. elatior. In addition the
types of V. hornemanniana Schult. (1819) and
V. stipulacea Hartm. (1820) are conspecific
with V. elatior. The use of V. persicifolia and
V montana, representing earlier legitimate
names for the species widely known as V ela-
tior, has been notoriously confused for two
centuries, and we herein recommend these two
names for rejection in order to assure nomen-
clatural clarity and stability. For similar rea-
sons, we recommend conservation of V. ela-
tior against V. hornemanniana and V. stipu-
lacea.
2011010039
并系类群作为生物分类的自然单元 = Para-
phyletic groups as natural units of biological
classification. (英文). Horandl E; Stuessy T F.
Taxon, 2010, 59(6): 1641-1653
Despite the broad acceptance of phyloge-
netic principles in biological classification, a
fundamental question still exists on how to
classify paraphyletic groups. Much of the con-
troversy appears due to (I) historical shifts in
terminology and definitions, (2) neglect of
focusing on evolutionary processes for under-
standing origins of natural taxa, (3) a narrow
perspective on dimensions involved with re-
constructing phylogeny, and (4) acceptance of
lower levels of information content and prac-
ticability as a trade-off for ease of arriving at
formal classifications. Monophyly in evolu-
tionary biology originally had a broader defi-
nition, that of describing a group with com-
mon ancestry. This definition thus includes
both paraphyletic and monophyletic groups in
the sense of Hennig. We advocate returning to
a broader definition, supporting use of Ash-
lock's term holophyly as replacement for mo-
nophyly s.str. By reviewing processes in-
volved in the production of phylogenetic pat-
terns (budding, merging, and splitting), we
demonstrate that paraphyly is a natural transi-
tional stage in the evolution of taxa, and that it
occurs regularly along with holophyly. When
a new holophyletic group arises, it usually
coexists for some time with its paraphyletic
stem group. Paraphyly and holophyly, there-
fore, represent relational and temporal evolu-
tionary stages. Paraphyletic groups exist at all
levels of diversification in all kingdoms of
eukaryotes, and they have traditionally been
recognized because of their descent-based
similarity. We review different methodologi-
cal approaches for recognition of mono-
phyletic groups s.l. (i.e., both holophyletic and
paraphyletic), which are essential for dis-
criminating from polyphyly that is unaccept-
able in classification. For arriving at taxo-
nomic decisions, natural processes, informa-
tion content, and practicability are essential
criteria. We stress using shared descent as a
primary grouping principle, but also empha-
size the importance of degrees of divergence
plus similarity (cohesiveness of evolutionary
features) as additional criteria for classifica-
tion.
遗 迹 化 石
2011010040
伊朗东北部 Shemshak 群早-中侏罗世节肢
动 物 的 繁 殖 构 造 : 一 种 新 遗 迹 种 Celli-
calichnus antiquus = Cellicalichnus antiquus
isp. nov., an Early-Middle Jurassic arthropod
brood structure from the Shemshak Group of
north-eastern Iran. (英文). Fursich F T; Wilm-
sen M; Taheri J. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie
10
u. Palaontologie / Abhandlungen, 2010,
256(1): 61-68
The new ichnospecies Cellicalichnus an-
tiquus consists of bundles of horizontal tun-
nels, from which at regular intervals elongate
cells opposing each other emerge. The burrow
has been constructed in floodplain deposits of
a braided river system. It is interpreted as an
arthropod brood structure of either insects,
most likely hymenopterans, lwhich may be-
long to the ancestral stock of soil-dwelling
bees, or else of terrestrial crustaceans (cray-
fishes).
2011010041
阿根廷南部丘布特中新世企鹅骨骼上的遗
迹化石 = Trace fossils on penguin bones from
the Miocene of Chubut, southern Argentina.
(英文). Cione A L; Hospitaleche C A; P rez L
M; Laza J H; C sar I. Alcheringa, 2010, 34(4):
433 - 454
Several traces of biological interaction were
found on penguin bones from the basal levels
(Aquitanian) of the Miocene Gaiman Forma-
tion in the lower Chubut valley of the Provin-
cia del Chubut, Argentina. The fossil-bearing
beds were deposited in littoral to sublittoral
environments within sediments of mostly py-
roclastic origin. We interpret many traces to
have been produced by predators and/or scav-
engers while the penguins were still in a
breeding area. Many bones show cracking
marks due to aerial exposure. The material is
disarticulated as is usual in recent breeding
areas. Potential predators were coeval terres-
trial mammals, most probably marsupial car-
nivores. After a marine transgression, these
bones were buried or exposed on the sea bot-
tom where they could be colonized by algae,
sponges, cnidarians, and other benthic organ-
isms. We identified sponge borings in several
bones. Other traces are interpreted to have
been produced by echinoderms feeding on
sponges or algae. No evidence of other inver-
tebrate predators such as muricid or naticid
gastropods, or decapods was found. Finally,
other traces appear to have been generated by
shark and possibly teleostean vertebrates feed-
ing on epibionts. One coracoid is interpreted
to have been marked by a shark that is com-
mon in the Gaiman Formation, the car-
charhiniform Galeocerdo aduncus. From an
ethological (Seilacherian) classification, traces
on bones from the Gaiman Formation include
Domichnia (sponge perforations), Praedichnia
(terrestrial marsupials, sharks, teleosteans) and
Pasichnia (echinoderms). Remarkably, re-
mains of marine organisms with skeletons
made of calcium carbonate are very poorly
preserved in the Gaiman Formation. Only
large oysters, sparse shell fragments, skeletal
moulds, and bioturbation is evident. The fossil
assemblage is mainly composed of phosphatic
(e.g. teeth, bones, crustacean parts) and sili-
ceous (sponge spicules, diatoms) remains.
2011010042
加拿大新斯科舍 Meguma 地体下寒武统遗
迹化石组合的演化意义 = The evolutionary
significance of a Lower Cambrian trace-fossil
assemblage from the Meguma terrane, Nova
Scotia. (英文). Gingras M K; Waldron J W F;
White C E; Barr S M. Canadian Journal of
Earth Sciences, 2011, 48(1): 71–85
We report a diverse assemblage of trace
fossils from the Lower(?) Cambrian High
Head member of the Church Point Formation
near Yarmouth, Nova Scotia. Based on the
presence of sharp-based beds, load casts, and
flute casts, along with other sedimentological
criteria, the strata are interpreted to have a
turbidite origin. Other characteristics, includ-
ing wrinkle structures and high fidelity of
trace-fossil preservation, suggest that the in-
ter-episode biotope was influenced by the
presence of biomats. The trace-fossil assem-
blage includes (in approximate order of abun-
dance) Planolites, Helminthopsis, Oldhamia,
Chondrites, Gordia, Cladichnus, Psammich-
nites gigas, Treptichnus, Phycodes, Lorenzinia,
Palaeophycus, and Teichichnus. Trace fossils
are increasingly abundant upwards in the sec-
tion, but they are ultimately mitigated by an
increase in (inferred) sedimentation rates. The
trace-fossil assemblage, which bears many
similarities to other Lower Cambrian locales
(e.g., Puncoviscana Formation of northwest
Argentina, Chapel Island Formation of south-
eastern Newfoundland), and the distribution of
ichnofossils strongly support an earliest Cam-
brian age for the studied strata. More impor-
tantly, evolutionary trends can be interpreted
from the trace-fossil assemblage, namely (1)
an increase in size and diversity of animals in
deep water; (2) an expansion of motile strate-
gies used to coexist with biomats; and, (3)
increasingly complex mining strategies below
the sediment-biomat interface.
2011010043
俄罗斯北极地区北地群岛晚寒武世芙蓉统
遗迹化石 Cruziana semiplicata 兼评这个遗
迹种的时空分布 = Cruziana semiplicata from
the Furongian (Late Cambrian) of Severnaya
11
Zemlya Archipelago, Arctic Russia, with a
review of the spatial and temporal distribution
of this ichnospecies. (英文). Jensen S; Bogo-
lepova O K; Gubanov A P. Geological Jour-
nal, 2011, 46(1): 26-33
The Furongian (Late Cambrian) Kurchavin-
skaya Formation of October Revolution Island,
Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago, Arctic Russia,
contains two distinctive morphotypes of the
trace fossil Cruziana, both of which we assign
to Cruziana semiplicata. A wider form shows
characteristics typical of this ichnospecies
with inner and outer lobes and marginal ridges.
A narrow form has only an inner lobe with
siculate, often interfering scratch-marks, and
rare, narrow marginal ridges. This narrow
form, which shows characters in common with
Cruziana tortworthi, probably represents bur-
rowing in a strongly head-down orientation.
The record from October Revolution Island
provides additional evidence that the palaeo-
geographical distribution of Cruziana semipli-
cata is not restricted to Gondwana, but also
extend to parts of Baltica and North Kara.
Cruziana semiplicata is known from the Fu-
rongian and Tremadocian of Gondwana,
whereas on Baltica it is known only from the
Furongian
分子古生物学
2011010044
在物种分异时间的贝叶斯测定法中化石定
标代表性的意义 = The Impact of the Repre-
sentation of Fossil Calibrations on Bayesian
Estimation of Species Divergence Times. (英
文). Inoue Jun; Donoghue P C J; Yang Ziheng.
Systematic Biology, 2010, 59(1): 74-89
Bayesian inference provides a powerful
framework for integrating different sources of
information (in particular, molecules and fos-
sils) to derive estimates of species divergence
times. Indeed, it is currently the only frame-
work that can adequately account for uncer-
tainties in fossil calibrations. We use 2 Bayes-
ian Markov chain Monte Carlo programs,
MULTIDIVTIME and MCMCTREE, to ana-
lyze 3 empirical datasets to estimate diver-
gence times in amphibians, actinopterygians,
and felids. We evaluate the impact of various
factors, including the priors on rates and times,
fossil calibrations, substitution model, the vio-
lation of the molecular clock and the rate-drift
model, and the exact and approximate likeli-
hood calculation. Assuming the molecular
clock caused seriously biased time estimates
when the clock is violated, but 2 different rate-
drift models produced similar estimates. The
prior on times, which incorporates fossil-
calibration information, had the greatest im-
pact on posterior time estimation. In particular,
the strategies used by the 2 programs to incor-
porate minimum- and maximum-age bounds
led to very different time priors and were re-
sponsible for large differences in posterior
time estimates in a previous study. The results
highlight the critical importance of fossil cali-
brations to molecular dating and the need for
probabilistic modeling of fossil depositions,
preservations, and sampling to provide statis-
tical summaries of information in the fossil
record concerning species divergence times.
2011010045
一种用于评估分子分化时间和化石标尺确
立的似然法 = A Likelihood Method for As-
sessing Molecular Divergence Time Estimates
and the Placement of Fossil Calibrations. (英
文 ). Pyron R A. Systematic Biology, 2010,
59(2): 185-194.
Estimating divergence times using molecu-
lar sequence data has become a common ap-
plication of statistical phylogenetics. However,
disparities between estimated ages for clades
produced in different studies have become
equally commonplace. Here, I propose a
method for the objective assessment of the
likelihood of inferred divergence times to
evaluate the placement of fossil constraints
using information from the broader fossil re-
cord. The inclusion of nodes from the Tree of
Life for which credible age ranges are known,
in addition to the fossil constraints used in the
ingroup, will allow for the comparison of al-
ternate fossil placements when the phyloge-
netic affinity of a fossil is ambiguous as well
as provide a heuristic assessment of the global
likelihood of estimated divergence times. The
use of these “likelihood checkpoints” will al-
low for the comparison of inferred dates
across data sets and across taxonomic groups
to place divergence time estimates into a
broader evolutionary timescale. The method is
illustrated with an example using an expanded
phylogenetic estimate of the Gnathostomata,
inferred with relaxed-clock molecular dating
methods.
2011010046
利用化石打破分子测年中的长链：与运用
于被子植物起源的“休闲钟”的比较 = Using
Fossils to Break Long Branches in Molecular
Dating: A Comparison of Relaxed Clocks Ap-
12
plied to the Origin of Angiosperms. (英文).
Magallón S. Systematic Biology, 2010, 59(4):
384-399
Long branches are potentially problematic
in molecular dating because they can encom-
pass a vast number of combinations of substi-
tution rate and time. A long branch is sus-
pected to have biased molecular clock esti-
mates of the age of flowering plants (angio-
sperms) to be much older than their earliest
fossils. This study explores the effect of the
long branch subtending angiosperms in mo-
lecular dating and how different relaxed
clocks react to it. Fossil angiosperm relatives,
identified through a combined morphological
and molecular phylogenetic analysis for living
and fossil seed plants, were used to break the
long angiosperm stem branch. Nucleotide se-
quences of angiosperm fossil relatives were
simulated using a phylogeny and model pa-
rameters from living taxa and incorporated in
molecular dating. Three relaxed clocks, which
implement among-lineage rate heterogeneity
differently, were used: penalized likelihood
(using 2 different rate smoothing optimization
criteria), a Bayesian rate-autocorrelated
method, and a Bayesian uncorrelated method.
Different clocks provided highly correlated
ages across the tree. Breaking the angiosperm
stem branch did not result in major age differ-
ences, except for a few sensitive nodes. Break-
ing the angiosperm stem branch resulted in a
substantially younger age for crown angio-
sperms only with 1 of the 4 methods, but, nev-
ertheless, the obtained age is considerably
older than the oldest angiosperm fossils. The
origin of crown angiosperms is estimated be-
tween the Upper Triassic and the early Per-
mian. The difficulty in estimating crown an-
giosperm age probably lies in a combination
of intrinsic and extrinsic complicating factors,
including substantial molecular rate heteroge-
neity among lineages and through time. A
more adequate molecular dating approach
might combine moderate background rate het-
erogeneity with large changes in rate at par-
ticular points in the tree.
2011010047
远古的 RNA 世界 = Ancient RNA world. (英
文 ). Spirin A S. Paleontological Jour-
nal, 2010, 44(7): 737-746 7 图版.
Based on the modern concept of multiplic-
ity of RNA functions, certain new mecha-
nisms, which could have played a key role in
the origin and evolution of the ancient RNA
world, are discussed. In particular, the reaction
of spontaneous transesterification of polyribo-
nucleotides, which was discovered by A.B.
Chetverin and colleagues, could result in
elongation of short initial oligoribonucleotides
and produce sequence variants for further
natural selection of accidentally arising func-
tionally active molecules. Further, the forma-
tion of mixed molecular colonies of RNA on
moist solid media, such as clays, could have
provided compartmentation of functional
RNA ensembles in the absence of envelopes
or membranes, which were necessary for fur-
ther evolution of the RNA world. The system-
atic exponential enrichment of the RNA popu-
lation with functionally the best molecules
because of alternating dissolution of colonies
due to flooding and formation of new colonies
due to drying in ancient pools (“primordial
natural SELEX”) could be critical for the evo-
lutionary process in the RNA world.
2011010048
蜡质植物球兰（球兰属，牛奶菜族，夹竹
桃 科 ） 的 再 研 究 ： 使 用 matK 基 因 和
psbA-trnH 基因间隔区做出系统树 = Revis-
iting the wax plants (Hoya, Marsdenieae,
Apocynaceae): Phylogenetic tree using the
matK gene and psbA-trnH intergenic spacer.
(英文). Wanntorp L; Gotthardt K; Muellner A
N. Taxon, 2011, 60(1): 4-14
The genus Hoya includes over 200 species
with a geographic distribution covering all
eight currently recognised biodiversity hot-
spots in the Indomalesian-Australasian region.
Despite the great horticultural interest in Hoya,
which includes some of the most commonly
cultivated ornamental plants, very little is
known about their evolution and a phyloge-
netic classification for the genus is lacking.
Here we explore the phylogeny of 81 species
of Hoya and close relatives by adding DNA
sequences of the chloroplast matK gene and
the psbA-trnH intergenic spacer to an existing
molecular dataset consisting of nuclear ITS
sequences and chloroplast sequences of the
trnL, region and the atpB-rbcL spacer. The
topology obtained confirms previously identi-
fied clades in Hoya and resolves the phyloge-
netic relationships among a greater number of
species. The phylogenetic position of Erio-
stemma, a section that is well defined by mor-
phological characters, remains unresolved.
However, Clemensiella mariae is here shown
for the first time to be part of Hoya and sister
to sect. Eriostemma, pointing to the urgent
need of intrageneric revisions in the tribe
Marsdenieae. At least two additional sections,
13
Hoya and Otostemma, do not reflect phyloge-
netic relationships and should not be retained
in taxonomic revisions of the genus.
2011010049
中国西南青藏高原特有的菊科菊苣族三个
密切相关的属（绢毛苣属、肉菊属和合头
菊属）的分子系统学和生物地理学研究 =
Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of
three closely related genera, Soroseris, Steb-
binsia, and Syncalathium (Asteraceae,
Cichorieae), endemic to the Tibetan Plateau,
SW China. (英文). Zhang J W; Nie Z L; Wen
J; Sun H. Taxon, 2011, 60(1): 15-26
Soroseris, Stebbinsia, and Syncalathium are
three genera of the sunflower family (As-
teraceae) with restricted distributions on high
screes of the Tibetan Plateau. We present a
molecular analysis to test the monophyly of
the genera, evaluate the phylogenetic relation-
ships and construct their biogeographic diver-
sification history. Nuclear ITS and plastid
trnL-F and psbA-trnH fragments were ana-
lyzed with parsimony, Bayesian inference, and
relaxed Bayesian dating for all species of So-
roseris, Stebbinsia, and Syncalathium. Steb-
binsia is part of a polytomy with several line-
ages of Soroseris. Syncalathium is biphyletic
with Syn. souliei placed within subtribe Lac-
tucinae and the remaining species close to the
Soroseris-Stebbinsia clade within subtribe
Crepidinae. Bayesian dating based on ITS
sequences and using four fossil calibrations
suggests that the stem and crown ages of the
Soroseris-Stebbinsia clade and the two groups
of Syncalathium are between 8.44 and 1.56
million years. Stebbinsia should be treated as
a section of Soroseris and Syncalathium
souliei should be excluded from Syncalathium
and either placed in Lactuca s.l. or established
as a new genus in Lactucinae. The remaining
species are to be treated as Syncalathium s.str.
in Crepidinae. The diversification of these
groups in the Tibetan Plateau is of relatively
young age, and can be explained by rapid di-
versification and radiation of the Soroseris-
Stebbinsia clade, allopatric speciation within
Syncalathium s.str. and convergent evolution
of Syncalathium s.str. and Syn. souliei. The
speciation events correlated with climatic
change and fragmentation of scree habitats
during the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Possi-
ble migration routes in Syncalathium s.str.
from the northeast to the central and southern
part of the Tibetan Plateau are suggested.
2011010050
使用叶绿体序列资料对鸢尾属植物亚属分
类重新修订 = Subgeneric classification in Iris
re-examined using chloroplast sequence data.
(英文). Wilson C A. Taxon, 2011, 60(1): 27-
35
Phylogenetic relationships among the six
Iris subgenera were reconstructed based on
chloroplast sequence data using maximum
likelihood and Bayesian inference methods.
Previous studies indicated that the current
subgeneric classification based on an intuitive
interpretation of morphology was not concor-
dant with evolution in Iris. This study more
than doubled the number of taxa sampled and
increased the number of molecular markers
providing a more robust assessment of phy-
logeny. Iris subg. Nepalensis and subg.
Xiphium were resolved as monophyletic,
while subg. Hermodactyloides, subg. Limniris,
subg. Iris and subs;. Scorpiris were not. The
three monotypic genera, Belamcanda, Pardan-
thopsis and Hermodactylus, recognized by
some workers were resolved within Iris with
strong support. The three bulbous subgenera,
sometimes recognized as distinct genera, were
resolved within Iris. A preliminary subgeneric
classification is presented.
2011010051
中美洲竹 Olmeca（禾本科，竹族）的分子
系统发生学及其分类学意义 = Molecular
phylogenetics of the Mesoamerican bamboo
Olmeca (Poaceae, Bambuseae): Implications
for taxonomy. (英文). Ruiz-Sanchez E; Sosa
V; Mejia-Saules M T. Taxon, 2011, 60(1): 89-
98
Phylogenetic analyses based on five DNA
plastid sequences from representative taxa of
the Neotropical woody bamboo subtribe
Guaduinae were performed to determine the
generic limits of Olmeca and the relationships
among its species. The phylogenetic position
of a putative new taxon from Mexico was also
determined. It appeared that, additional to the
two species recognized in Olmeca, two Meso-
american species of Aulonemia-A. clarkiae
and A. fulgor-should be transferred to Olmeca.
This transfer is supported by morphology.
Individuals of an undescribed taxon from the
Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico, were also
retrieved embedded in the Olmeca group and
are newly described as O. zapotecorum. The
distribution range of the redefined genus Ol-
meca, currently composed of five species,
now extends from southern Mexico to Hondu-
ras.
14
 2011010052
欧洲东南部广泛的基因流模糊了 Veronica
barrelieri、V. orchidea 和 V. spicata（车
前 草 科 ） 三 物 种 之 间 的 界 限 = Extensive
gene flow blurs species boundaries among
Veronica barrelieri, V. orchidea and V. spicata
(Plantaginaceae) in southeastern Europe. (英
文). Bardy K E; Schonswetter P; Schneeweiss
G M; Fischer M A; Albach D C. Taxon, 2011,
60(1): 108-121
Little is known about the contribution of
interspecific hybridization, a frequent phe-
nomenon in plants, to the high plant diversity
in southeastern Europe, one of the continent's
diversity hot spots. A good system to study the
relevance of hybridization for biodiversity in
this region is Veronica subg. Pseudolysima-
chium sect. Pseudolysimachion (Plantagina-
ceae). Depending on the presumed frequency
of hybridization, existing taxonomic concepts
in this group range from distinguishing only
morphological races without explicit taxo-
nomic status to recognizing several species
each with a series of intraspecific taxa. Using
genetic (plastid sequences and AFLP finger-
prints), ploidy-level and morphometric data,
three core groups, pertaining to the currently
recognized species V barrelieri, V orchidea,
and V spicata, were identified. All three spe-
cies are, however, connected by numerous and
gradual genotypic transitions and show ram-
pant discrepancies between genetic and mor-
phometric-taxonomic assignments. Complete
homogenization of the three core groups is
probably prevented by geographic isolation,
ecological divergence and ploidy differences.
Misinterpretation of hybrid swarms as sepa-
rate taxa and the mosaic distribution of differ-
ent indumentum types have led to a gross
overestimation of taxonomic diversity of V.
sect. Pseucloly.simachion in southeastern
Europe. Taxonomically, this might be ac-
commodated by reducing V barrelieri, V or-
chidea and V spicata to subspeci fie rank and
abandoning recognition at least of those sub-
species and varieties included in our study.
2011010053
葫芦目和葫芦科一种新分类方案之间的系
统发育关系 = Phylogenetic relationships in
the order Cucurbitales and a new classification
of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae). (英文).
Schaefer H; Renner S S. Taxon, 2011, 60(1):
122-138
We analysed phylogenetic relationships in
the order Cucurbitales using 14 DNA regions
from the three plant genomes: the mitochon-
drial nadI b/c intron and matR gene, the nu-
clear ribosomal 18S, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, and 28S
genes, and the plastid rbcL, matK, ndhF, atpB,
trnL, trnL-trnF, rpl20-rps12, trnS-trnG and
trnH-psbA genes, spacers, and introns. The
dataset includes 664 ingroup species, repre-
sentating all but two genera and over 25% of
the ca. 2600 species in the order. Maximum
likelihood analyses yielded mostly congruent
topologies for the datasets from the three ge-
nomes. Relationships among the eight families
of Cucurbitales were: (Apodanthaceae, Aniso-
phylleaceae, (Cucurbitaceae, ((Coriariaceae,
Corynocarpaceae), (Tetramelaceae, (Datisca-
ceae, Begoniaceae))))). Based on these mo-
lecular data and morphological data from the
literature, we recircumscribe tribes and genera
within Cucurbitaceae and present a more natu-
ral classification for this family. Our new sys-
tem comprises 95 genera in 15 tribes, five of
them new: Actinostemmateae, Indofevilleeae,
Thladiantheae, Momordiceae, and Siraitieae.
Formal naming requires 44 new combinations
and two new names in Cucurbitaceae.
2011010054
系统发生学复合工具应用于基因集合 = The
application of cophylogenic tools to gene sets.
(英文). Baum B R; Johnson D A. Taxon, 2010,
59(6): 1843-1852
Several studies of host-parasite evolution
have used gene trees developed for each part-
ner as a means to detect the influence of one
on the evolution of the other, a process known
as cophylogeny. We now extend this concept
and present a process to test whether two
genes or gene regions within the same species
have coevolved in order to assess their further
utility in the same phylogenetic analysis. The
process entails well-established methods;
firstly based upon a given set of sequence data,
inference of best-fit evolutionary models and
associated parameters through to gene tree
building by maximum likelihood. This is fol-
lowed by a "ParaFit" analysis of pairwise
combination of genes or gene regions. The
pairwise combinations that pass the test of
cophylogeny may then be horizontally con-
catenated for phylogenetic inference of the set
of taxa under study. The complete mathemati-
cal properties of this process presently remain
unexplored; however, we demonstrate the util-
ity of such an analysis prior to phylogenetic
inference using examples from available data-
sets.
15
 2011010055
古生代节肢动物中几丁质-蛋白质复合体的
分 子 特 征 = Molecular signature of chitin-
protein complex in Paleozoic arthropods. (英
文). Cody G D; Gupta N S; Briggs D E G.
Geology, 2011, 39(3): 255-258
The conventional geochemical view holds
that the chitin and structural protein are not
preserved in ancient fossils because they are
readily degradable through microbial chiti-
nolysis and proteolysis. Here we show a mo-
lecular signature of a relict chitin-protein
complex preserved in a Pennsylvanian (310
Ma) scorpion cuticle and a Silurian (417 Ma)
eurypterid cuticle via analysis with carbon,
nitrogen, and oxygen X-ray absorption near
edge structure (XANES) spectromicroscopy.
High-resolution X-ray microscopy reveals the
complex laminar variation in major bio-
molecule concentration across modern cuticle;
XANES spectra highlight the presence of the
characteristic functional groups of the chitin-
protein complex. Modification of this complex
is evident via changes in organic functional
groups. Both fossil cuticles contain consider-
able aliphatic carbon relative to modern cuticle.
However, the concentration of vestigial chitin-
protein complex is high, 59% and 53% in the
fossil scorpion and eurypterid, respectively.
Preservation of a high-nitrogen-content chitin-
protein residue in organic arthropod cuticle
likely depends on condensation of cuticle-
derived fatty acids onto a structurally modi-
fied chitin-protein molecular scaffold, thus
preserving the remnant chitin-protein complex
and cuticle from degradation by microorgan-
isms.
古 生 态 学
2011010056
一种古生态型式的现代检验：在食叶昆虫
损害多样性上真的存在维度差异吗？ =
Present-day testing of a paleoecological pat-
tern: Is there really a latitudinal difference in
leaf-feeding insect-damage diversity?. (英文).
Adams J M; Brusa A; Soyeong A; Ainuddin A
N. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynol-
ogy, 2010, 162(1): 63-70 4 图版.
The fossil record suggests greater diversity
of insect leaf feeding during warm climate
intervals. Much published work in the pa-
leobotanical literature has been based on the
presumed validity of this pattern. However,
the existence of this pattern in nature has
never been tested from the present-day world.
Here we ask, is it true that on average, in
warmer climates, a leaf is being eaten in more
ways?
We compared forests at seven sites in
northern Florida (30 degrees N. MAT ca. 19.5
degrees C) to seven sites across the north-
eastern USA (40-42 degrees N, MAT 7-9 de-
grees C). Presence and absence of damage
types were determined using a standard leaf
damage guide; 93 damage types were found in
the Florida samples and 80 in the north-
eastern samples.
In bulk floras, there was a consistent differ-
ence in damage diversity, on a per-leaf basis
(as in the fossil studies), between Florida and
north-eastern sites. Florida sites had a greater
number of damage types. When northern and
southern populations of individual tree species
were compared, higher southern damage di-
versity was found in four species (Acer ru-
brum, Acer saccharum, Fagus grandifolia, and
Quercus coccinea), though with no difference
with latitude in a fifth species (Quercus alba).
These results appear to validate that the trend
seen in the fossil record is not a spurious ef-
fect of site differences. They also extend a
pattern seen in deep time into the present day,
adding greatly to its generality.
2011010057
古生代和中生代温室时期造礁生物的长期
波动：地质生物学的相互关系和结果 =
Secular Fluctuations in Palaeozoic and Meso-
zoic Reef-Forming Organisms During Green-
house Periods: Geobiological Interrelations
and Consequences. (英文). Ezaki Y. Paleon-
tological Research, 2009, 13(1): 23-38
Reefs have formed recurrently in the Phan-
erozoic and occupied a central place in the
development of Earth's complex interactions;
as such, reefs are essentially a microcosm of
the geobiological system. The long-term wax-
ing and waning of reefs was governed not
only by the evolution of organisms themselves,
but also by cyclical marine conditions (e.g.,
calcitic sea vs. aragonitic sea; greenhouse vs.
icehouse; oligotrophy vs. eutrophy; and car-
bonate saturation states) that led to the re-
placement of dominant kinds of taxa. Viewed
in perspective, Palaeozoic to Mesozoic reefs
changed fundamentally, particularly during
greenhouse periods, due to the shifts in marine
environmental regimes and ensuing improve-
ments. Metazoan reefs formed temporarily
immediately after the earliest Cambrian
biomineralization and subsequently became
dominant after the Ordovician radiations, as a
consequence of networked geobiological in-
16
terrelationships that were triggered by the in-
vasion of biota onto land. Major extinctions
were also triggers for the subsequent
(re)diversifications of preexisting, potential
reef builders, not necessarily accompanied by
new higher taxa, and for the replacement of
dominant organisms, whether reef builders or
not. Given that certain regimes persisted, pro-
gressive, internal modifications and improve-
ments also accelerated in accordance with
niche exploitations that are clearly evidenced
by changes in the overall growth morpholo-
gies of reef builders. Reefs as a microcosm
should be further deciphered in light of how
both skeletal organisms and microbes mutu-
ally responded to ambient, changing habitat
conditions, and how sequential contributors
prevailed in turn under given conditions at
various spatio-temporal scales. Such studies
would elucidate the evolution of geobiological
constituents and their interrelationships with
the underlying background, and more impor-
tantly, irreversibly progressive changes in
Earth history
2011010058
瑞典晚奥陶世早期海相陨星坑中多毛动物
的古生态学 = Polychaete palaeoecology in an
early Late Ordovician marine astrobleme of
Sweden. (英文). Eriksson M E; Frisk A M.
Geological Magazine, 2011, 148(2): 269-
287 10 图版.
The post-impact Dalby Limestone (Kul-
cruse; Upper Ordovician) of the Tvaren crater,
southeastern Sweden, has been analysed with
regards to polychaetes, as represented by
scolecodonts. A palaeoecological succession
is observed in the Tvaren-2 drill core sequence,
as the vacant ecospace was successively filled
by a range of benthonic, nektonic and plank-
tonic organisms. Scolecodonts belong to the
first non-planktonic groups to appear and con-
stitute one of the most abundant fossil ele-
ments. The polychacte assemblage recorded
has an overall composition characteristic of
that of the Upper Ordovician of Baltoscandia.
Oenonites, Vistulella, Mochtyella and the en-
igmatic 'Xanioprion' represent the most com-
mon genera, whereas Pteropelta, Protarabel-
lites?, Atraktoprion and Xanioprion are con-
siderably more rare. The assemblage differs
from coeval ones particularly in its poorly
represented ramphoprionid fauna and the rela-
tively high frequency of 'Xanioprion'. A taxo-
nomic succession and changes in abundance
and relative frequency of different taxa is ob-
served from the deepest part of the crater and
upwards towards more shallow water envi-
ronments. The initial post-impact assemblage
does not, however, necessarily represent a
benthonic colonization of the crater floor. In-
stead it seems to be a taphocoenosis, as indi-
cated by its taxonomic correspondence to the
rim facies fauna recovered from Dalby Lime-
stone erratics of the Ringson island. The
Tvaren succession has yielded considerably
richer scolecodont assemblages than hitherto
recorded from the approximately coeval
Lockne crater, possibly as a consequence of
shallower water settings in the former area.
2011010059
浅海碳酸岩（基米里支阶，瑞士侏罗山
脉）中古环境的碳氧同位素记录和碳酸盐
生产力的改变 = Carbon-and oxygen-isotope
records of palaeoenvironmental and carbonate
production changes in shallow-marine carbon-
ates (Kimmeridgian, Swiss Jura). (英文). Co-
lombie C; Lecuyer C; Strasser A. Geological
Magazine, 2011, 148(2): 133-153 13 图版.
Carbon-and oxygen-isotope ratios are
commonly used to correlate shallow-and deep-
marine successions. Carbon-and oxygen-
isotope analyses were performed on bulk-
carbonate samples from two Kimmeridgian
sections of the Swiss Jura platform in order to
correlate them with biostratigraphically well-
dated coeval sections in the adjacent basin. On
the platform, a general decrease in delta C-13
and delta O-18 values from the base to the top
of the studied interval is measured, whereas
time-equivalent pelagic-hemipelagic carbon-
ates record an increase in carbon-and oxygen-
isotope ratios. Moreover, the measured delta
C-13 and delta O-18 values are generally
lower than those indicated for the Kim-
meridgian open ocean and show high-
frequency variations superimposed on the
general trend. Samples were screened for
diagenetic alteration using optical and ca-
thodoluminescence petrography and coupled
carbon-and oxygen-isotope and trace-element
analyses. Some observations favour a role for
diagenetic alteration, but isotopic and elemen-
tal trends as well as sedimentological evidence
suggest that the more negative values of delta
C-13 and delta O-18 relative to Kimmeridgian
seawater are also due to local environmental
conditions. High-frequency changes in delta
O-18 and delta C-13 values most likely result
from variations in salinity and carbonate pro-
duction and accumulation rates. These varia-
tions were produced by different water masses
that were isolated from the open ocean and
17
developed their own geochemical signatures.
Repeated isolation was induced by high-
frequency sea-level fluctuations and helped by
irregular platform morphology. Consequently,
carbon-and oxygen-isotope records in shal-
low-marine carbonates can be used for strati-
graphic correlation only if their origin is well
known.
微体古生物学
综 论
2011010060
阿根廷西北部东科迪勒拉圣维多利亚地区
下奥陶统 Floian 阶几丁虫类：生物地层、
古生物地理和古环境意义 = Floian Chitino-
zoans (Lower Ordovician) from the Santa Vic-
toria area, Cordillera Oriental, northwestern
Argentina. Part 2. biostratigraphic, paleobio-
geographic and paleoenvironmental implica-
tions. (其他). de la Puente G S. Ameghiniana:
Revista de la asociacion Paleontologica Ar-
gentina, 2010, 47(3): 317-330
This is the first study of the Floian chitino-
zoans in the Acoite Formation exposed at
Quebrada La Huerta and Quebrada Grande,
Santa Victoria area, northeastern end of the
Argentinian Cordillera Oriental (Salta Prov-
ince). Biostratigraphic analysis of this group is
calibrated with the graptolite zones Tetragrap-
tus akzharensis, "Baltograptus deflexus" and
Didymograptellus bifidus, previously estab-
lished in the area and ranging from the latest
early Floian to the late Floian. Chitinozoans
are also calibrated with acritarchs that include
some species of the messaoudensis-trifidum
assemblage, among others. According to the
most recent studies on chitinozoans conducted
in Northwestern Argentina two biostrati-
graphically meaningful chitinozoan assem-
blages are proposed for the Santa Victoria area,
i.e., Lagenochitina sp. A (early middle Floian)
and Eremochitina baculata brevis? (late
Floian). The latest early Floian-latest middle
Floian chitinozoan assemblages reveal affini-
ties with North Gondwana and South China
whereas the late Floian chitinozoan assem-
blages are cosmopolitan. Distribution of the
studied Early Ordovician chitinozoan assem-
blages suggests that the development of the
active thermohaline oceanic circulation for
this portion of the Western Gondwana margin
globally recorded in the Middle Ordovician
occurred earlier than in other regions. Chitino-
zoans also reveal paleoenvironmental differe-
ces between the eastern and central outcrop
belts in the Central Andean Basin, Northwest-
ern Argentina.
2011010061
日本西南部长崎县 Takashima 煤田古近纪
Iojima 群钙质超微化石和浮游有孔虫生物
地层 = Calcareous nannofossil and planktic
foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Paleogene
Iojima Group in the Takashima Coalfield, Na-
gasaki Prefecture, southwest Japan. ( 英 文 ).
Yamaguchi T; Tanaka Y; Nishi H. Paleon-
tological Research, 2008, 12(3): 223-236
The Paleogene Iojima Group is exposed in
the Takashima coalfield of northwestern Kyu-
shu, southwest Japan. The group is divided
into four formations: the Okinoshima, Ma-
gome, Funazu, and Daimyoji formations (in
ascending stratigraphic order). Among these
strata, mudstone and muddy sandstone of the
Okinoshima and Funazu formations contain a
number of common age-diagnostic calcareous
microfossils, nannofossils, and planktic fo-
raminifers.
Our biostratigraphic study of the Paleogene
Iojima Group indicates that the Okinoshima
Formation corresponds to calcareous nanno-
fossill Zone CP14 and plankfic foraminiferal
Zones E10-E13; the Funazu Formation is as-
signed to Zones CP14-CP16. The Okinoshima
and Funazu formations are assigned to the late
middle Eocene and late middle Eocene to
early Oligocene, respectively, suggesting that
1) the Okinoshiman molluscan Stage corre-
lates with the middle Eocene, as proposed in
previous studies; and 2) the Magome Forma-
tion, which includes coal-bearing strata, corre-
lates with the Onga marine regression.
孢 粉
2011010062
Galeacysta etrusca 复合体：墨西拿盐度危
机最盛期前后副特提斯洋汇入地中海的沟
鞭藻孢囊标志 = Galeacysta etrusca complex:
dinoflagellate cyst marker of paratethyan in-
fluxes to the Mediterranean sea before and
after the peak of the Messinian salinity crisis.
(英文). Popescu S M; Dalesme F; Jouannic G;
Escarguel G; Head M J; Melinte-Dobrinescu
M C ;Suto-Szentai M; Bakrac K; Clauzon G;
Suc J P. Palynology, 2009, 33(2): 105-134
More than one thousand specimens of a
morphological complex including Galeacysta
etrusca Corradini & Biffi 1988 from I I Upper
Miocene and Lower Pliocene localities of the
Paratethyan and Mediterranean realms have
been studied using a biometric approach in
18
part relating to the degree of separation be-
tween endocyst and ectocyst. Four stable bio-
metric groups have been distinguished statisti-
cally, the occurrence or prevalence of which
appears closely linked to environmental condi-
tions irrespective of the realm. Group 'a' is
related to brackish conditions, group V to ma-
rine conditions, group V to freshwater, and
group V to high nutrient levels. Based on an
accurate chronology provided by calcareous
nannoplankton bioevents and recognition of
the Messinian Erosional Surface, this Study
reveals:
2011010063
埃及地中海东南部尼罗河冲击扇晚更新世
和全新世气候和海洋环境的孢粉记录 =
Palynological records of climate and oceanic
conditions in the Late Pleistocene and Holo-
cene of the Nile cone, Southeastern Mediter-
ranean, Egypt. (英文). Kholeif SEA; Mudie PJ.
Palynology, 2009, 33(1): 1-24
Variations in palynomorph concentrations
and relative abundances, including pollen and
spores, organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts,
and amorphous organic matter (AOM), were
studied in sediment core NC Core 2 from the
upper slope (1,030 m water depth) of the Nile
Cone, southeastern Mediterranean, Egypt.
Each sample represents palynomorph deposi-
tion for intervals of around 500-1,000 years,
and this study provides the first detailed paly-
nological record for the Nile Cone. The
dinoflagellate cyst assemblages and AOM
production reflect changes in surface water
temperature and river discharge in response to
climate forcing as marked by variations in
pollen and spore indicators of semi-desert
vegetation and tropical Monsoon intensity.
The basal sediments (approximately 14,600-
9,500 yr before present [BP]) contain high
concentrations and relative abundances of
Polysphaeridium zoharyi, Polysphaeridium
spp., Spiniferites elongatus, and Spiniferites
spp. during the transition from postglacial to
interglacial conditions. Variations in these
taxa and total Impagidinium spp. suggest a
gradual temperature increase, interrupted by a
pre-Holocene cool interval around 11,000 yr
BP. The high African monsoon index for this
pre-Holocene time corresponds with pollen
evidence of relatively high Nile discharge.
The organic-rich S I sapropel sediments, dated
as around 9,500-6,270 yr BP, were deposited
several thousand years later, during a time of
lower Monsoon index, warmer surface water,
and increased dinoflagellate cyst production.
This was accompanied by moderate Nile
flooding and oxygen-deficient or anoxic bot-
tom water on the upper Nile Cone, mainly
supporting the increased production and car-
bon import hypothesis for eastern Mediterra-
nean S1 formation. Dinoflagellate cyst assem-
blages in the Nile Cone S1 differ from those
of the deeper, more northern Levantine and
Cretan basins in the near absence of heterotro-
phic protoperidinioid cysts, despite the uni-
formly high organic S I carbon content. The
prevailing climate during the formation of
sapropelic sediments in the southeastern
Mediterranean was tropical to subtropical, but
was interrupted by an early cooler interval
with reduced humidity, as marked by re-
appearance of Spiniferites elongatus and in-
creased Ephedra pollen. The carbonate-rich
surface layers were probably deposited under
warm dry climatic conditions with minimum
Nile input, but evidence of oxidation prevents
detailed interpretation.
2011010064
大西洋近赤道地区东部更新世晚期和近代
沉积物中的一个沟鞭藻孢囊新种
Operculodinium aguinawense = Opercu-
lodinium aguinawense sp nov., a dinoflagel-
late cyst from the Late Pleistocene and recent
sediments of the East equatorial Atlantic
Ocean. (英文). Marret F; Kim S Y. Palynol-
ogy, 2009, 33(1): 125-139
An organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst, Op-
erculodinium aguinawense sp. nov. is de-
scribed from recent marine sediments in Bia-
fra Bay, Gulf of Guinea, Atlantic Ocean. This
species is characterized by a subspheroidal,
egg-shaped cyst body with a fibroreticulate
surface wall, and flexible to stout processes
with wide, fibrous bases and multifurcate ter-
minations. Paratabulation is only expressed by
the loss of a single precingular paraplate (3 '').
The distribution of this form in recent marine
sediments suggests an affinity for lower salin-
ity conditions (29) and as such, it could be an
index of palcosalinity changes. Marine paly-
nomorph records from the Gulf of Guinea
document its occurrence from at least the Last
Interglacial. Fluctuations in abundance appear
to be associated with periods of strengthened
monsoon dynamics and river discharge.
2011010065
棉铃象鼻虫携带的的棉花花粉：一个实验
室试验 = Cotton pollen retention in boll wee-
vils: a laboratory experiment. (英文). Jones G
19
D; Greenberg S M. Palynology, 2009, 33(1):
157-165
Cotton pollen is thought to exist in the gut
of boll weevils for at least 24 hours. Because
finding whole or broken cotton pollen grains
are valuable clues in determining when boll
weevils were living in cotton, the retention of
cotton pollen in the gut of the weevil was ex-
amined. Boll weevils were fed cotton buds,
cotton flowers, and water for five days, then
they were placed into cleaned cages without
any food. However they were allowed to drink
water freely. Weevils were examined at 0, 24,
48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after the buds and
flowers were removed. One hundred weevils
were dissected at each time interval, and each
gut was placed onto a glass slide. Light mi-
croscopy was used to determine the presence
or absence of cotton pollen. More weevils
(63%) at 0 hours contained pollen than wee-
vils at any other interval. Whole pollen grains
were not found in weevils after 24 hours. The
120 hour interval contained a single weevil
with pollen. In the laboratory test, whole cot-
ton pollen grains indicated that feeding on
cotton occurred within 24 hours. When only
halves and fragments of pollen were
found,cotton feeding occurred 48-120 hours
earlier. Additionally, when six or more cotton
pollen grains were found in a weevil, it had
fed on cotton within 24 hours. This informa-
tion narrows the boll weevil dispersal times
and distances from cotton fields and over-
wintering areas.
2011010066
石炭纪-二叠纪 Converrucosisporites con-
fluens Oppel 生物带的时代：来自纳米比亚
Ganigobis 页岩段（Dwyka 群）的新资料 =
The age of the Carboniferous-Permian bio-
zone: new data from the Ganigobis Shale
Member (Dwyka Group) of Namibia. (英文).
Stephenson M H. Palynology, 2009, 33(1):
167-177
The establishment of the Converrucosis-
porites confluens Oppel Zone in the Canning
Basin of Australia in cored intervals from the
Calytrix No. 1 Borehole was considered to be
an advance in Gondwana Carboniferous-
Permian palynostratigraphy. This was because
the zone is associated with a marine fauna that
suggests a correlation with the standard Rus-
sian Early Permian stages. Moreover the index
species has a wide occurrence in Gondwana
outside Australia, for example Antarctica, Ar-
gentina, Brazil, India, Oman, Saudi Arabia,
and Uruguay. The zone was originally consid-
ered middle to late Asselian in age, but this
was later revised to latest Asselian to Early
Sakmarian. Converrucosisporites confluens is
reported here from the Ganigobis Shale Mem-
ber of Namibia in a well-preserved and di-
verse assemblage including four of the four-
teen specified accessory taxa for the Conver-
rucosisporites confluens Oppel Zone. Ash
layer IIb of the Ganigobis Shale Member is
radiometrically dated as 302.0 +/- 3.0 Ma (i.e.
Pennsylvanian; Gzhelian or Kasimovian) thus
the Converrucosisporites confluens Oppel
Zone may range earlier than previously
thought. Preliminary study of the range top of
Converrucosisporites confluens in Argentina
and Uruguay suggests that it ranges younger
there than in Western Australia with the pos-
sibility that the Converrucosisporites conflu-
ens Oppel Zone may also be younger than
previously thought.
2011010067
一个准备和使用透射电子显微镜定向观察
单个化石沟鞭藻纲孢囊详细方法 = A de-
tailed protocol for the preparation and orienta-
tion of single fossil dinoflagellate cysts for
transmission electron microscopy. ( 英 文 ).
Kennaway G M; Eaton G L; Feist-Burkhardt S.
Palynology, 2008, 32(): 1-15
The relationship between wall layers in
dinoflagellate cysts was investigated with
transmission electron microscopy. A simple
method is described in which small cysts
(<100 mu m) were identified. isolated, and
encapsulated in colored agarose. The individ-
ual cysts, now visible to the naked eye, were
easy to track throughout the multi-step proto-
col. The routine TEM protocol for biological
material was modified and simplified for
dinoflagellate cysts, and is described in detail.
This method ensures that all saniples can be
retained, an important consideration when
working with rare or unique specimens.
Specimens of Hystrichosphaeropsis Deflandre
1935 were orientated for sectioning relative to
the natural plane of settlement of the cyst. Se-
rial sections demonstrated that the relationship
between the endophragm and periphragm is
complex and irregular. Interpretation of mi-
crographs and some common misinterpreta-
tions of artifacts are illustrated and discussed.
The protocol is presented in detail and illus-
trated so that an inexperienced person, with
the assistance of an electron microscopy unit
could successfully carry out the procedure.
The technique has been used with minor adap-
tations to prepare a range of biological materi-
20
als and palynomorph specimens for transmis-
sion electron microscopy.
2011010068
美国明尼苏达州 Dakota 组（上白垩统森诺
曼阶）的被子植物花粉新种 = New species
of angiosperm pollen from the Dakota forma-
tion (Cenomanian, Upper Cretaceous) of Min-
nesota, USA. (英文). Hu S S; Jarzen D M;
Dilcher D L. Palynology, 2008, 32(): 17-26
Five new species of angiosperm pollen de-
scribed from three localities in south-central
Minnesota support a Cenomanian age for the
Dakota Formation in this area. The new taxa,
Cupliferoidaepollenites microscabratus, Dry-
adopollis minnesotensis, Nyssapollenites mi-
crofoveolata, Phimopollenites striolata, and
Tricolpites labeonis, are described using both
light and scanning electron microscopy, are
easily recognizable, and are useful age indica-
tor species. Because of the extent and trans-
gressive nature of the Dakota Formation. age
determination hits been difficult. The new
angiosperm pollen species described here may
help to support age determination for the Da-
kota Formation over a broader geographic
area.
2011010069
美国密苏里州东北部汉尼拔页岩(密西西比
纪)孢粉学以及与西欧的对比 = The palynol-
ogy of the Hannibal Shale (Mississippian) of
Northeastern Missouri, USA and correlation
with Western Europe. (英文). Heal S; Clayton
G. Palynology, 2008, 32(): 27-37
Mississippian palynomorphs have been recov-
ered from two successions of the Hannibal
Shale in Missouri, U.S.A., which is the low-
ermost Carboniferous unit in the Mississippi
Valley. The assemblages are dominated by
acanthomorph acritarchs, with Micrhystridium
stellatum being the principal species. The
miospore assemblages are well-preserved and
of low taxonomic diversity. They are domi-
nated by long-ranging taxa that survived the
latest Devonian mass extinction event. This
assemblage closely resembles assemblages
assigned to the Vallatisporites verrucosus-
Retusotriletes incohatus (VI) Biozone of
Western Europe. However the assemblage
from the Mississippi Valley is relatively im-
poverished in comparison with European as-
semblages, and many key European zonal taxa
are absent. Independent biostratigraphic corre-
lation Suggests that the Hannibal Shale is
equivalent to the VI Biozone, the Cristatis-
porites hibernicus-Umbonatisporites distinc-
tus (HD) Biozone, and possibly the lowermost
part of the Spelaeotriletes balteatus-
Rugospora polyptycha (BP) Biozone in
Europe. This indicates the relatively con-
densed nature of the succession. Palynofacies
analysis suggests a shelf to basin depositional
environment for the Hannibal Shale; this is
consistent with the paleogeographic location
of this area during the Early Carboniferous.
2011010070
美国佛罗里达州北部盖恩斯维尔市螫蝇
（林耐 1758）外骨骼中的花粉 = Pollen
from the exoskeletons of stable flies, Sto-
moxys calcitrans (Linnaeus 1758), in Gaines-
ville, Florida, USA. ( 英 文 ). Jarzen D M;
Hogsette J A. Palynology, 2008, 32(): 77-81
Stable flies ire all important pest of humans
and livestock. Despite being blood feeders.
they also visit flowers to eat nectar. Stable
flies with pollen adhering to their exoskele-
tons were collected at the University of Flor-
ida Horse Teaching Unit and taken to the Pa-
leobotany and Palynology Laboratory at the
Florida Museum of Natural History for proc-
essing and identification. The pollen oil all the
specimens was identified as Carolina willow,
Salix caroliniana Michaux 1803. This small
shrub or tree is found throughout Florida in
wetland areas. This Study demonstrates the
utility of pollen analysis in interdisciplinary
studies.
2011010071
红山矿孢粉植物群：美国密西西比河晚古
新世一个多样性的沼泽组合 = The Red Hills
Mine palynoflora: a diverse swamp assem-
blage from the Late Paleocene of Mississippi,
USA. (英文). Jardine P E; Harrington G J.
Palynology, 2008, 32(): 183-204
Lignites from the Red Hills Mine in Missis-
sippi, U.S.A. contain pollen and spores de-
rived from paratropical swamp vegetation oil
the U.S. Gulf Coast during the Late Paleocene.
Most previous studies of the Gulf Coast
sporomorph record have been limited to a re-
stricted taxonomic group. or merely those taxa
that are relevant to biostratigraphy, meaning
that the true sporomorph diversity may be
higher than previously appreciated. Eight
samples were collected for palynological
analysis from the Red Hills Lignite Mine in
Ackerman. Mississippi. All the taxa observed
during Counting (a minimum of 300 grains
per sample) were included in the sample count.
Rarefaction, relative abundance distributions,
and non-metric multidimensional scaling were
21
used to analyze floral composition, richness.
and evenness. The lignite samples are hetero-
geneous in terms of composition and relative
abundances, indicating patchiness in the
swamp communities. Clay horizons represent-
ing temporary marine incursions contain sig-
nificantly higher proportions of bisaccate pol-
len, which may have originated a considerable
distance inland from the swamps. These sam-
ples therefore represent a much larger source
area (regional to SUb-continental), compared
to the local signal contained in the lignite
samples. Richness in the Red Hills Mine as-
semblage is higher than has previously been
recorded for the Late Paleocene of the eastern
Gulf Coast. This, combined with the recogni-
tion of 23 previously undescribed taxa, sug-
gests that a detailed reappraisal of the Gulf
Coast Paleocene sporomorph record is needed
to improve Understanding Of the evolution of
the North American vegetation type.
2011010072
阿曼南部 Al Khlata 组（宾夕凡尼亚期-早
二叠世）的高分辨率孢粉带 = A high reso-
lution palynozonation for the Al Khlata For-
mation (Pennsylvanian To Lower Permian),
South Oman. (英文). Penney R A; Al Barram
I; Stephenson M H. Palynology, 2008, 32():
213-229
Palynology is the main method of correlat-
ing the Subsurface glaciogenic Al Khlata
Formation (Pennsylvanian to Lower Permian)
of Oman due to the extreme lateral variability
of facies and poor seismic resolution. The
chief operating company in Oman. Petroleum
Development Oman (PDO), has developed a
robust in-house palynozonation during almost
40 years of exploration and production based
011 thousands of samples and hundreds of
well sections. In this paper, the formal defini-
tions of the biozones are Published and the
biozones are correlated in detail with faunally-
calibrated palynomorph biozones in Western
Australia. This allows correlation to the stan-
dard Russian stages. Seven biozones are dis-
tinguished. The oldest two Subdivisions, bio-
zones 2159A and 2 15913, of probable Late
Pennsylvanian age, are characterized by low
diversity assemblages of Punctatisporites and
monosaccate pollen. Biozone 2159A has it
lower proportion of monosaccate pollen than
Biozone 2159B. Biozone 2165A. of probable
Asselian age, is characterized by common
cingulicanierate spores and the Microbacilis-
pora Group. Biozone 2165B contains com-
mon Horriditriletes Group and is likely to be
Asselian-Sakmarian in age. The Biozone
2141A is characterized by common taeniate
and non-taeniate bisaccate pollen and Cy-
cadopites cymbatus, particularly toward the
top. The Succeeding Biozone 2141 B is rec-
ognized by common Microbaculispora Group
and Cycadopites cymbatus. Biozones 2141A
to 2141C are believed to be Sakmarian in age.
The Youngest unit, Biozone 2141C is charac-
terized by the Microbaculispora and Horrid-
itriletes groups, with the former being more
abundant. This seven-fold subdivision is a
significant improvement on previous palyno-
zonations of the Al Khlata Formation, which
only allowed three- or four-fold subdivisions.
However, there still remain considerable un-
certainties in dating the lowermost biozones,
2159A and 215913. Improvements in the dat-
ing of the Al Khlata Formation are most likely
to conic from palynological correlations with
radionietrically- or faunally dated successions
in South America, eastern Australia, and
southern Africa.
2011010073
使 用 简 约 分 析 法 对 比 墨 西 哥 （ Cuayuca
组）晚始新世-早渐新世 Izucar de Mata-
moros 蒸发岩 = Correlation of the Late Eo-
cene-Early Oligocene Izucar de Matamoros
evaporites (Cuayuca Formation) in Mexico
based on parsimony analysis of endemicity.
( 英 文 ). Ramirez-Arriaga E; Martinez-
Hernandez E; Flores-Olvera H; Ochotorena H;
Pramparo M B. Palynology, 2008, 32(): 231-
252
Based on the lithology of the Izucar de
Matamoros (IzM) sections, and the occurrence
of index taxa such as Armeria, Cicatricosis-
porites dorogensis, Corsinipollenites, Eu-
connnia, Momipites coryloides, Momipites
tenuipolus, Mutisiapollis, and Ranuculacidites
operculatils, a correlation between the IzM
sections and the CUayuca Formation strato-
types is proposed. The IzM sections are Late
Eocene-Early Oligocene, and they are part of
the evaporitic member (Mcy) of the CUayUca
Formation. These new data are consistent with
the palcoenvironmental interpretations pro-
posed for the formation. It was probably de-
posited under local xeric conditions in a semi-
arid climate that allowed the development of
grassland (Grarnineae with Amaranthaceae-
Chenopodiaceae and Ephedra) Lind a thorn
shrub community with Acacia, other Legumi-
nosae, Liman, and Plurnbaginaceae. The
neighboring communities were probably
tropical deciduous forests. low tropical de-
22
ciduous forest, thorn forest, and chaparral.
There were also regional temperate vegeta-
tions such as a Picea-Pinus forest. and it cloud
forest community. Using parsimony analysis
of endemicity, a biogeographic method, a pa-
lynofloristic relationship between the Cuayuca
Formation and the Pie de Vaca Formation
(Late Eocene-Early Oligocene) is proposed.
Both formations are within the Balsas Group,
and are correlated with San Gregorio Forma-
tion (Oligocene) of southern Baja California.
2011010074
葡萄牙塔霍河下游盆地 Belverde 钻孔的中
新世和上新世孢粉研究 = Miocene and Plio-
cene palynology of the Belverde borehole,
Lower Tagus Basin, Portugal. (英文). Castro
L; Vieira M; Pais J. Palynology, 2008, 32:
257-257
2011010075
加拿大安大略省从史前伊洛魁族印第安人
栖居地到克劳福德湖加拿大鹅帮助传播分
类不明的花粉 = Canada geese dispersed cul-
tigen pollen grains from prehistoric Iroquoian
fields to Crawford Lake, Ontario, Canada. (英
文). Mcandrews J H; Turton C L. Palynol-
ogy, 2007, 31(): 9-18
Crawford Lake, Ontario, Canada (43 de-
grees 28.1'N, 79 degrees 56.9'W, 278 mas])
has varved and AXIS dated sediments con-
taining fossil pollen that record native Iro-
quoian farming ca. AD 1268 to 1520. From
before AD 1000 to 1268, bioturbating organ-
isms caused poor varve preservation but since
then, well-preserved varves and dung pellets
reflect anoxic bottom water due to meromixis.
The onset of varve preservation coincides with
the occurrences of pollen grains of Zea
(maize), Helianthus (sunflower), Phaseolus
(bean), Cucurbita (squash) and Portulaca
(purslane), and spores of Ustilago cf. maydis
(maize smut). These pollen grains and spores
are more abundant in pellets between varve
laminae than in the surrounding sediment ma-
trix. Analyses of DNA from five pellets dem-
onstrate that they are dung from wild Canada
geese (Branta canadensis). In the autumn, as
geese foraged in Iroquoian fields, they inad-
vertently ingested pollen and spores before
flying to the lake. There they roosted and cast
the pollen-rich dung pellets, which became
part of the sediment. This study demonstrates
that birds, wild geese and perhaps ducks, can
be important vectors of pollen to lake sedi-
ments located near agricultural settlements.
2011010076
棉铃象鼻虫（鞘翅目：象鼻虫科）体内的
杏、香瓜和马齿笕花粉滞留分析 = Almond,
melon, and pigweed pollen retention in the
boll weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae). (英
文). Jones G D; Greenberg S M; Eischen F A.
Palynology, 2007, 31(): 81-93
The boll weevil (Anthonornus grandis Bo-
heman) remains a devastating insect pest on
cotton (Gossypium hirsutum C. Linnaeus),
particularly where it has not been eradicated.
Identifying and understanding the survival of
overwintered boll weevils, when cotton is not
available, is important in designing mitigation
programs and controlling this insect pest, es-
pecially in areas where boll weevils are active
all year. Many non-malvaceous taxa have
been listed as possible overwintering adult
food sources. The purpose of this research was
to determine if pollen from three non-
malvaceous taxa could be used as food
sources for overwintering boll weevils in the
Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, where
weevils are active year-round and during cot-
ton-free periods. The taxa are almond [Prunus
dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb], melon (Cucumis
melo C. Linnaeus subsp. melo), and pigweed
(Amaranthus sp.), Furthermore, it was in-
tended to determine the retention of these pol-
len types in the boll weevil gut. More weevils
(84%) contained almond pollen when they had
additional water than those (30%) that did not
have additional water. Almond pollen was
found in 100% of the examined weevils after
72 hours, and in 80% after 96 hours. Pigweed
and melon pollen were never found after 48
hours. Overall, almond pollen was found in
more weevils (96%) than pigweed (40%), or
melon (12%). In addition, a greater number of
almond pollen grains (539) were found than
pigweed (41), or melon (21). This shows that
these types of pollen were consumed, and
could play a part in the survival of overwinter-
ing weevils. However, more research is
needed to examine the nutritional value of
these, and other, pollen grains for overwinter-
ing boll weevil survival, and to determine the
length of time weevils can survive feeding on
these pollen types.
2011010077
德国梅塞尔湖中始新世淡水沟鞭藻孢囊
Messelodinium thielepfeifferae 新属和新种
的分布以及古生态意义 = Distribution and
paleoecologic significance of the freshwater
23
dinoflagellate cyst Messelodinium thielepfeif-
ferae gen. et sp nov from the Middle Eocene
of Lake Messel, Germany. (英文). Lenz O K;
Wilde V; Riegel W; Heinrichs T. Palynol-
ogy, 2007, 31(): 119-134
An exploration well drilled at the Middle
Eocene fossil site of Messel, near Darmstadt,
Germany proved that the famous Messel oil
shale was deposited in a maar lake. During a
quantitative palynological investigation of the
entire succession of lake sediments, a mono-
specific population of dinoflagellate cysts was
encountered. Based on transmitted light and
scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies,
they are assigned to the new peridinioid taxon
Messelodinium thielepfeifferae gen. et sp. nov.
because they are acavate and lack distinct api-
cal or antapical horns. The dinoflagellate cysts
exhibit considerable intraspecific variation in
surface ornamentation. Messelodinium
thielepfeifferae gen. et sp. nov. is abundant in
sediments of the early holomictic stage of
Lake Messel, but generally is reduced in fre-
quency in the oil shale which represents the
meromictic stage. These dinoflagellate cysts
appear in peak abundances in mass flow and
debris flow deposits in which material from
the lake shore was transported downslope to
the basin center. Thus, major concentrations
of Messelodinium thielepfeifferae gen. et sp.
nov. occurred in nearshore environments ei-
ther due to primary population density of the
parent motile stage, or due to secondary cyst
accumulation by wind and wave action. The
dinoflagellate cysts are notably absent in the
uppermost 25 m of the core, where Botryo-
coccus dominates. This shift in algal popula-
tions is interpreted as a response to changes in
the chemistry of the water body.
2011010078
澳洲西部卡那封盆地南部 Gearle 粉砂岩下
部阿尔必阶（下白垩统）沟鞭藻孢囊生物
地 层 学 = Albian (Lower Cretaceous)
dinoflagellate cyst biostratigraphy of the lower
Gearle Siltstone, Southern Carnarvon Basin,
Western Australia. (英文). Backhouse J. Pa-
lynology, 2006, 30(): 43-68
Rich and diverse assemblages of dinoflagel-
late cysts were recovered from the Gearle Silt-
stone in the Boologooro-1 stratigraphic well,
Southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia.
The cored interval through the Winning Group
is proposed as a reference interval for the
Canninginopsis denticulata, Endoceratium
ludbrookiae, Dioxya armata and Xenascus
asperatus dinoflagellate cyst zones of the
Australian dinoflagellate cyst zonal scheme.
The ranges of sixty-three dinoflagellate cyst
species are documented in detail over this in-
terval. Apart from the bioevents that define
the widely-used dinoflagellate cyst subzones,
the highest occurrences of Endoceratium
turneri, Craspedodinium indistinctum and
Litosphaeridium arundum, and the lowest oc-
currences of Nematosphaeropsis densiradiata,
Canninginopsis denticulata, Leberidocysta
chlamydata, Aptea? sp. cf. Aptea polymorpha,
Litosphaeridium siphoniphorum, Balcattia
cirribarbata and Stephodinium australicum
are recognized as potential biostratigraphic
datums in the Southern Camarvon Basin. Spe-
cies diversity increased in the highest Can-
ninginopsis denticulata Zone at approximately
the horizon where Diconodinium spp. become
dominant. Foraminiferal data indicate the in-
terval from 361.15 m to 312.12 m is margin-
ally inner neritic and corresponds with an in-
terval of abundant Diconodinium spp., and
fewer Spiniferites spp. Diversity increased in
the Xenascus asperatus Zone with an increase
in Spiniferites spp., and a shift to middle
neritic paleobathymetry. The age of the top of
the Xenascus asperatus Zone is constrained by
calcareous nannofossils and dinoflagellate
cyst correlations to the latest Albian, or possi-
bly the early Cenomanian. The age of the base
of the Canninginopsis denticulata Zone is
constrained by dinoflagellate cyst and fo-
raminiferal data to the early Albian, above the
earliest Albian. One new species, Chlamydo-
phorella haigii, is erected and aspects of sev-
eral other dinoflagellate cyst taxa are reviewed.
2011010079
英 国 威 尔 士 北 部 Moel y Gerddi 地 区 的
Kretzschmaria deusta 和西北欧中全新世榆
属 的 衰 退 = Kretzschmaria deusta and the
northwest European mid-Holocene Ulmus
decline at Moel y Gerddi, North Wales,
United Kingdom. (英文). Innes J; Blackford J;
Chambers F. Palynology, 2006, 30(): 121-132
The decline in Ulmus pollen frequencies
that occurred ca. 5000 C-14 years ago before
present (BP) is a key biostratigraphic marker
horizon in northwest European pollen dia-
grams, although its causes are still a subject of
debate. To investigate this event further, fun-
gal spore analyses were carried out across the
Ulmus decline at Moely Gerddi, north Wales,
United Kingdom. The Ulmus decline was in
three phases, with a primary decline with low
cereal and Rumex pollen records as the only
agricultural indicators. This was followed by a
24
more significant decline, with general forest
opening and the grassland/pasture indicator
Plantago lanceolata. A third, less significant,
decline was again accompanied by cereal-type
pollen. Tree pollen frequencies subsequently
recovered, with cereal-type pollen remaining
well represented. The fungal data recorded
woodland taxa and a background level of the
obligate dung fungus Sporormiella, a proxy
for local herbivore abundance. Sporormiella
frequencies increased greatly after the main
Ulmus decline, around which there were high
percentages of the ascospores of the wood rot
fungus Kretzschmaria deusta. The neoecology
of Kretzschmaria deusta, and the behavior of
its spore curve suggests the colonisation of
local populations of already severely wounded
trees. At this site Ulmus, and perhaps Tilia
were infected at a time of markedly increased
inferred herbivore concentrations. Neolithic
farming techniques could have provided mor-
tally wounded trees while enhancing livestock
grazing, although the role of disease must also
be considered. Elevated Kretzschmaria deusta
values may be of ecological significance in the
interpretation of the causes and nature of the
Ulmus decline and similar forest disturbance
events, and the indicator role of this fungus in
forest paleoecology requires further study.
2011010080
美国佛罗里达州煅烧白云石矿物和 Gulf
Hammock 采石场的中始新世陆相孢型 =
Middle Eocene terrestrial palynomorphs from
the Dolime Minerals and Gulf Hammock
Quarries, Florida, USA. (英文). Jarzen D M;
Dilcher D L. Palynology, 2006, 30(): 89-110
A small but diverse assemblage of pollen
and spores recovered from marine sediments
of the Avon Park Formation (middle Eocene)
in west central Florida, represents the oldest
land flora described from the state. Twenty-
one pollen taxa from terrestrial plants, are
identified from the Dolime Minerals and Gulf
Hammock quarries. The presence of man-
grove pollen associates such as Acrostichum,
Nypa, and Pelliciera associated with seagrass
macrofossils, combined with evidence from
invertebrate fossils and sedimentary structures,
suggest that the sediments of the Avon Park
Formation, at these quarry sites, were depos-
ited in a shallow marine lagoon, perhaps near
the mouth of a river or stream in a protected
area that had some tidal influence. This is the
earliest report of terrestrial vegetation and
near marine vegetation of Florida and docu-
ments the presence of a Florida landmass dur-
ing middle Eocene time.
2011010081
美国南卡罗来纳州古新世小型多甲藻类沟
鞭藻孢囊 = Small peridinioid dinoflagellate
cysts from the Paleocene of South Carolina,
USA. ( 英 文 ). Lucas-Clark J. Palynol-
ogy, 2006, 30(): 183-210
Small peridinioid dinoflagellate cysts are
abundant in Paleocene strata underlying the
Savannah River Site and surrounding area of
South Carolina, U.S.A. They are thin-walled
and light colored, have one apical and two
antapical horns, and show a high degree of
intraspecific variability. They occur in low
diversity assemblages. The samples in this
study are from three lithostratigraphic units,
the lower Ellenton, upper Ellenton, and Snapp
formations. Some of the species are useful
stratigraphic markers in the Paleocene strata
of this area. Paleoenvironments include upper
delta plain, lower delta plain, and shallow
clastic shelf; some may represent fresh or
brackish water environments. All species stud-
ied belong to the family Peridiniaceae and are
assigned to eight genera. These are Alterbidin-
ium, Arvalidinium, Deflandrea, ?Isabelidin-
ium, Phthanoperidinium, Senegalinium,
Spinidinium, and Vozzhennikovia. The seven
new species described here are Alterbidinium
ellentonense, Arvalidinium cristatum, Deflan-
drea lucyedwardsiae, Phthanoperidinium pa-
leocenicum, Senegalinium pallidum, Sene-
galinium simplex, and Spinidinium bellum.
2011010082
石炭纪奇特小孢子 Pteroretis Felix & Bur-
bridge 1961 的修订和结构的重新解释 = A
structural reinterpretation of the enigmatic
Carboniferous miospore Pteroretis Felix &
Burbridge 1961 Emend. nov.. (英文). McLean
D; Owens B; Bek J; Oliwkiewicz-Miklasinska
M. Palynology, 2006, 30(): 17-32
The structure of the enigmatic Carbonifer-
ous miospore genus Pteroretis Felix & Bur-
bridge 1961 is reinterpreted based on well-
preserved assemblages from Pennsylvanian
(Duckmantian-Bolsovian) strata in the Ma-
chrihanish Coalfield, Kintyre, western Scot-
land. The genus is emended herein, and evi-
dence is presented of a proximal operculum to
justify assignment of the genus to the Infra-
turma Epitygmati. The complex arrangement
of wings, originally described as being per-
pendicular to the equatorial margin from pole
to pole, are demonstrated to be concentric
25
structures in the equatorial and subequatorial
regions. Wings developed on the distal surface
commonly form a cuppa structure similar to
that developed in Fragilipollenites Konyali
1965 emend. McLean 1997. A comparison is
made with Vestispora (Wilson & Hoffmeister
1956) Wilson & Venkatachala 1963, the only
other operculate Carboniferous miospore ge-
nus. Comparisons are also made with other
genera such as Columinisporites Peppers 1964
and Fragilipollenites, which are costate and
cuppa-bearing respectively. Previous records
of Pteroretis from Europe and North America
are reviewed, and indicate a Late Mississip-
pian (Late Visean-Chesterian) to Mid Penn-
sylvanian (Bolsovian) age. Paleobotanical
evidence suggests a sphenophyllalean origin,
with Pteroretis miospores being recovered
from the fructifications of several species of
Bowmanites Binney 1871.
2011010083
南极洲罗斯海西部北方盆地 NBP03-01A 横
断面的孢粉学：晚上新世记录 = Palynology
of the NBP03-01A transect in the Northern
Basin, Western Ross Sea, Antarctica: A Late
Pliocene record. (英文). Warny S; Wrenn J H;
Bart PJ; Askin R. Palynology, 2006, 30():
151-182
Fifty-seven samples taken from ten piston
cores collected along a transect off the conti-
nental margin of the Northern Basin, Ross Sea,
Antarctica were analyzed for palynomorphs.
Moderately diverse assemblages of marine
microplankton and terrestrial palynomorphs
were recovered. The palynomorph assem-
blages have been subdivided into two main
groups: the in-situ flora (including acritarchs,
dinoflagellate cysts, leiospheres and prasino-
phyte algae mainly composed of cyma-
tiosphaerids), and the reworked flora (includ-
ing dinoflagellate cysts, pollen and spores).
The leiospheres are the most abundant paly-
nomorphs. This prominence in the relative
abundance of leiospheres has been reported as
typical of assemblages found today at the limit
between seasonal and pack ice in the Arctic.
In-situ dinoflagellate cysts are sparse. They
are mainly represented by Lejeunecysta,
which, based on species similarities to those
from Cape Roberts, are believed to be of Oli-
gocene to Pliocene age. All other dinoflagel-
late cysts recovered are the result of reworking
from Eocene to Oligocene sediments. Re-
worked spores and pollen comprise the second
most abundant group. They are of moderate
diversity and include an Eocene or older as-
semblage of Nothofagidites, Podocarpaceae
and Proteaceae. Other taxa are representative
of warmer rainforest vegetation, with Oligo-
cene and Neogene taxa that include represen-
tatives of woodland to herbaceous/low
shrubby tundra vegetation growing in colder
subpolar climates. These assemblages indicate
either different periods of deposition or re-
working from diverse sources.
Through seismic correlation and diatom
analysis, the sediments are believed to be Late
Pliocene in age. On this basis, it is postulated
that the major glacial advance, RSU 2 of
Brancolini et al. (1995) or Unconformity 10
(U 10) of Bart et al. (2000), occurred before
2.3 Ma, which is the oldest age of in-situ spe-
cies recovered in units above U 10. As both
terrestrial and marine reworked taxa include
assemblages of Eocene to Oligocene age, it is
assumed that those reworked components
were yielded from a single source; most
probably Eocene to Oligocene shallow marine
strata eroded and transported from the area of
Ross Island to the shelf margin through ice
streams located in the Drygalsky and Joides
basins.
2011010084
丹麦中心盆地 Kysing 研究钻孔从中始新世
到渐新世最底部（？）序列中的沟鞭藻孢
囊 = Dinoflagellate cysts from the Middle
Eocene to ?lowermost Oligocene succession
in the Kysing Research Borehole, Central
Danish Basin. (英文). Heilmann-Clausen C;
Van Simaeys S. Palynology, 2005, 29(): 143-
204
Rich and well-preserved assemblages of
organic walled dinoflagellate cysts in 50 sam-
ples from a 154 m thick and almost complete,
Middle Eocene to ?lowermost Oligocene sec-
tion from the Kysing Research Borehole in
eastern Jylland, Denmark are systematically
described. One genus Costacysta gen. nov.,
and twelve species Chiropteridium eocaeni-
cum sp. nov., Costacysta bucina gen. et sp.
nov., Distatodinium pilosum sp. nov., Echinid-
inium? lucidum sp. nov., Hapsocysta kysin-
gensis sp. nov., Horologinella ?pentagonalis
sp. nov., Operculodinium eisenackii sp. nov.,
Phthanoperidinium cornutum sp. nov., Se-
lenopemphix septum sp. nov., Svalbardella
partimtabulata sp. nov., Thalassiphora
gracilis sp. nov. and Thalassiphora microper-
forata sp. nov. are formally described. The
genus Hapsocysta is emended, and is consid-
ered to be a senior synonym of Piccoladinium.
The gradual change of the dinoflagellate cyst
26
assemblages in this section demonstrates that
sedimentation was almost continuous during
the time span of ca. 12 Ma. The biostrati-
graphic resolution based on dinoflagellate cyst
events is generally finer than the calcareous
nannofossil NP biozonation. A comparison
with published dinoflagellate cyst data from
the Norwegian-Greenland Sea shows that sev-
eral important events are mainly synchronous
throughout the region, suggesting a general
similarity of the water masses. An isolated
occurrence of Svalbardella suggests a short
cooling event during early Bartonian times.
The palynofacies in most of the section is al-
most purely of pelagic type. A more proximal,
mid shelf palynofacies and a distinctive epi-
sode of reworking coincide with the Upper
Eocene Moesgaard Clay and indicate a brief,
but rather large sea level fall during the depo-
sition of this unit. The Eocene/Oligocene
boundary is tentatively identified near the base
of the Viborg Formation, and approximately
coincides with increased reworking of
dinoflagellate cysts and a strong increase in
bisaccate pollen, indicating more proximal
conditions and possibly also a climatic cooling.
2011010085
晚侏罗世沟鞭藻孢囊 Gonyaulacysta cera-
tophora (Cookson & Eisenack 1960)的新组
合和新修订 = The Late Jurassic dinoflagel-
late cyst Gonyaulacysta ceratophora (Cookson
& Eisenack 1960) comb. nov., emend. nov..
(英文). Riding J B. Palynology, 2005, 29():
13-22
The Late Jurassic (early Oxfordian to earli-
est Tithonian) dinoflagellate cyst Scriniodin-
ium ceratophorum Cookson & Eisenack 1960
from Australia was originally described as
having smooth walls and lacking tabulation
except for the archeopyle and the cingulum.
The type is an atypical end member of this
distinctive species; most forms have partially
developed tabulation. The species is closely
related to Gonyaulacysta jurassica (Deflandre
1939) Norris & Sarjeant 1965. It has a rela-
tively large epicyst, an apparently similar
tabulation pattern to Gonyaulacysta jurassica
and exhibits neutral torsion. Scriniodinium
ceratophorum is therefore transferred to Gon-
yaulacysta and emended to include partially
tabulate forms.
2011010086
苏格兰东北部内陆海鳗湾盆地中-晚侏罗世
（卡洛维阶-基米里支阶）孢粉学研究 =
Middle and Upper Jurassic (Callovian to
Kimmeridgian) palynology of the onshore
Moray Firth Basin, northeast Scotland. (英文).
Riding J B. Palynology, 2005, 29(): 87-142
The Brora Coal, Brora Argillaceous, Brora
Arenaceous, Balintore and Kimmeridge Clay
formations of the onshore Moray Firth Basin
represent an important Middle to Upper Juras-
sic (Callovian to Lower Kimmeridgian) refer-
ence section close to hydrocarbon-rich North
Sea basins. This composite succession at
Brora and Balintore is c. 233 m thick; it is
mudstone/siltstone-dominated and largely rich
in zonal and subzonal ammonites. For exam-
ple, the Callovian succession at Brora is virtu-
ally complete, with coverage of all seven am-
monite zones. All the five formations exam-
ined have yielded abundant palynofloras. The
lithostratigraphic units sampled, except the
Brora Coal Formation, have yielded rich asso-
ciations of dinoflagellate cysts. The majority
of the Inverbrora Member of the Brora Coal
Formation at its type section at Brorais of
early Callovian age based on dinoflagellate
cysts; this member yielded Meiourogonyaulax
caytonensis and Mendicodinium groenlandi-
cum and these species preclude a Bathonian
age. This member has been previously attrib-
uted to the late Bathonian. Dinoflagellate cysts
are diverse and abundant in the overlying
Brora Argillaceous to Kimmeridge Clay for-
mations, therefore indicating open marine
conditions. The stratigraphic distributions and
relative proportions of these Callovian to
Lower Kimmeridgian dinoflagellate cyst flo-
ras are largely consistent with those reported
elsewhere in northern Europe, and the estab-
lished dinoflagellate cyst biozonations can be
readily applied to the Inner Moray Firth Basin.
Some taxa, such as Gonyaulacysta dentata,
are of distinct Boreal affinity. Furthermore,
some minor stratigraphic anomalies were
noted, including the range base of Scriniodin-
ium crystallinum being in the early Oxfordian
at Balintore. In England and Germany, this
bioevent occurs in the late Callovian. Some
notable dinoflagellate cyst abundance phe-
nomena were observed. An example of this is
the prominence of Korystocysta spp. in the
Middle Callovian. This and other quantitative
phenomena are of correlative significance.
Marine palynomorph diversity increased
markedly during the Callovian, stabilizing in
the Lower Oxfordian. A suite of characteristic
dinoflagellate cysts became extinct in the
Middle Oxfordian, and some typically Late
Jurassic elements became more prominent at
this time. The early Kimmeridgian palynoflo-
27
ras from Ethic are entirely typical of this in-
terval elsewhere in Europe.
2011010087
坦桑尼亚东南部 Tendaguru 岩层（晚侏罗
世-早白垩世）的沟鞭藻孢囊和伴生的水生
孢 型 = Dinoflagellate cysts and associated
aquatic palynomorphs from the Tendaguru
Beds (Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous) of
southeast Tanzania. (英文). Schrank E. Paly-
nology, 2005, 29(): 49-85
Dinoflagellate cysts and associated aquatic
palynomorphs have been recovered from the
dinosaur-bearing Tendaguru Beds (Upper Ju-
rassic-Lower Cretaceous) at Tendaguru, a hill
in southeast Tanzania. Palynofloras from these
beds are generally dominated by pollen grains
of Mesozoic conifers (mainly Classopollis),
but dinoflagellate cysts occur sporadically
throughout the succession. They attain highest
relative abundances and diversities in the ma-
rine intercalations between the Saurian Beds,
namely in the Nerinea Bed (between the
Lower and Middle Saurian Beds) and even
more so in the Trigonia smeei Bed (between
the Middle and Upper Saurian Beds). Peak
levels of dinoflagellate cysts correspond to
times when the shallow marine environments
of the Nerinea and Trigonia smeei Beds had
access to the open sea, while scarcity or ab-
sence of dinoflagellate cysts in the Saurian
Beds is related to intervals of restricted access
to the sea in tidal flat and coastal plain envi-
ronments.
2011010088
新 西 兰 Mangahouanga 地 区 上 白 垩 统
Tahora 组含蛇颈龙类地层的孢粉研究 = A
palynological investigation of plesiosaur-
bearing rocks from the Upper Cretaceous Ta-
hora Formation, Mangahouanga, New Zealand.
( 英 文 ). Vajdaa V; Ian Raine J. Alcher-
inga, 2010, 34(3): 359-374
High-palaeolatitude plesiosaur, mosasaur
and, more rarely, dinosaur fossils are well
known from the Maungataniwha Sandstone
Member of the Tahora Formation in Manga-
houanga Stream, Hawkes Bay, New Zealand.
A palynological investigation of strata ex-
posed along Mangahouanga Stream and of
transported boulders hosting vertebrate fossils
reveals well-preserved assemblages dominated
by terrestrial pollen and spores but also in-
cluding marine dinoflagellate cysts in some
samples. The palynofacies are strongly domi-
nated by wood fragments including charcoal;
one outcrop sample and the sample taken from
a boulder hosting plesiosaur vertebrae contain
entirely terrestrially derived palynoassem-
blages, suggesting a freshwater habitat for at
least some of the plesiosaurs. The host unit
spans the Santonian to lowermost Maas-
trichtian, while the key pollen taxa Nothofa-
gidites senectus and Tricolpites lilliei, together
with the dinocyst Isabelidinium pellucidum
and the megaspore Grapnelispora evansii,
indicate a late Campanian to early Maas-
trichtian age for the fossiliferous boulders.
The palynoflora indicates a mixed local vege-
tation dominated by podocarp conifers and
angiosperms with a significant tree-fern sub-
canopy. The presence of taxa with modern
temperate distributions, such as Nothofagus
(southern beech), Proteaceae and Cyatheaceae
(tree-ferns), indicates a mild-temperate cli-
mate and lack of severe winter freezing during
the latest Cretaceous, providing an ecosystem
that most probably made it possible for polar
dinosaurs to overwinter in this part of the
world.
2011010089
阿根廷西北部萨尔塔省 Tonono x-1 钻孔中
上泥盆统孢粉植物群 = Middle-Upper Devo-
nian palynoflora from the Tonono x-1 bore-
hole, Salta Province, northwestern Argentina.
(英文). Noetinger S. Ameghiniana: Revista de
la asociacion Paleontologica Argentina, 2010,
47(2): 165-184
2011010090
Erdtmanitheca portucalensis，葡萄牙早白
垩世（阿普第阶-阿尔必阶）一种
Eucommiidites 型 新 花 粉 = Erdtmanitheca
portucalensis, a new pollen organ from the
Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) of Portugal
with Eucommiidites-type pollen. ( 英 文 ).
Mendes M M; Pais J; Pedersen K R; Friis E M.
Grana, 2010, 49(2): 26-36
A new lignitised, slightly compressed pol-
len organ, Erdtmanitheca portucalensis, with
affinities to extinct Erdtmanithecales from the
Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) of Vale de
Agua (Lusitanian Basin, western Portugal), is
described. The pollen organ is composed of
loosely arranged microsporophylls radiating
from a central core. The estimated number of
microsporophylls is about 100-150. The mi-
crosporophylls are sessile and ellipsoidal to
barrel-shaped with a flattened or slightly api-
cally depression containing about ten narrow
sporangia. The sporangia enclose abundant
28
well-preserved pollen grains of Eucommiid-
ites-type. Pollen grains found in situ are ellip-
tical in equatorial outline, about 16.0-27.2 m
long and 11.9-16.4 m wide. The main (distal)
colpus is long with expanded rounded ends. It
is flanked by two subsidiary colpi in an almost
equatorial position. The surface of the pollen
wall is psilate and occasionally punctate. The
ektexine is composed of a distinct tectum,
granular infratectal layer and a thin foot layer.
The endexine is thick and laminar. The new
Early Cretaceous Portuguese pollen-organ is
similar in several respects to that of
Erdtmanitheca texensis described from the
Late Cretaceous of Texas, USA. The new fos-
sil species further documents the importance
of the Bennettitales-Erdtmanithecales-
Gnetales group in the Early Cretaceous floras
of Portugal extending the stratigraphic and
geographical distribution of the genus with
regard to systematic and phylogenetic signifi-
cance of the Eucommiidites-producing plants
that may have been co-occurring with the
Early Cretaceous diversification of angio-
sperms. It is ascertained that perforate tectum
occurs in pollen grains with a well-developed
foot layer as well as in pollen grains in which
a foot layer is poorly developed or lacking,
and that pollen features do not support a sepa-
ration of the Erdtmanithecales seeds and pol-
len organs.
2011010091
英国东南部下白垩统沉积中系统分类位置
不明的不寻常大孢子以及它的生物地层和
古环境意义 = An unusual megaspore of un-
certain systematic affinity from Lower Creta-
ceous deposits in south-east England and its
biostratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental sig-
nificance. (英文). Batten D J. Grana, 2010,
48(4): 270-280 5 图版.
An unusual megaspore has been recorded
from beds within the Weald Clay Group of
south-east England. Described as Clockhousea
capelensis gen. et sp. nov., it is characterised
by having a thick outer layer of exine consist-
ing of closely packed columnar to clavate
elements with constricted bases attached to a
perforated inner layer and a sculpture that
ranges from having the appearance of a nega-
tive reticulum through closely spaced verrucae
to a mixture of verrucate and essentially bacu-
late elements, all of which are surface mani-
festations and extensions of the underlying
structure. These characters do not readily indi-
cate a systematic relationship with any known
heterosporous plant genus or family. The lo-
calised occurrence and relative abundance of
the spores in a few beds suggest that some of
the parent plants grew close to water bodies
where they were deposited and preserved.
Their recovery from sediments of late Hau-
terivian-early Barremian age indicates that the
species has potential as a biostratigraphic
marker in the upper Wealden succession of
southern England and perhaps elsewhere.
2011010092
土壤和湖泊基底相结合的表层样品能否改
善建立在花粉学研究基础之上的气候模
型？ = Are pollen-based climate models im-
proved by combining surface samples from
soil and lacustrine substrates?. (英文). Goring
S; Lacourse T; Pellatt M G; Walker I R;
Mathewes R W. Review of Palaeobotany and
Palynology, 2010, 162(2): 203-212 6 图版.
Differences between pollen assemblages
obtained from lacustrine and terrestrial surface
sediments may affect the ability to obtain reli-
able pollen-based climate reconstructions. We
test the effect of combining modern pollen
samples from multiple depositional environ-
ments on various pollen-based climate recon-
struction methods using modern pollen sam-
ples from British Columbia, Canada and adja-
cent Washington, Montana, Idaho and Oregon
states. This dataset includes samples from a
number of depositional environments includ-
ing soil and lacustrine sediments.
2011010093
哥伦比亚加勒比海圣安德列岛红树林中的
现代花粉雨 = Modern pollen rain in man-
groves from San Andres Island, Colombian
Caribbean. (英文). Urrego L E; Gonzalez C;
Uran G; Polania J. Review of Palaeobotany
and Palynology, 2010, 162(2): 168-182 7 图
版.
The precise characterisation of present-day
mangrove ecosystems from modern pollen
rain facilitates the accurate use of fossil pollen
data for late Quaternary sea level and envi-
ronmental reconstructions. Here, we investi-
gate whether the analysis of pollen rain data
corroborates existing floristic and structural
characterisation of different mangrove types at
the Caribbean island of San Andres, Colombia.
At 82 plots along 20 transects of four distinct
mangrove types, samples were obtained of (i)
surface sediments for pollen analysis, and (ii)
a range of environmental parameters (includ-
ing inundation levels, salinity and pH). This
information was compared to previously sam-
29
pled mangrove composition and tree basal
area. In surface sediment samples 82 pollen
taxa were found, from which 19 were present
in the vegetation plots. However, because pol-
len may be transported by wind and/or water-
courses, the overall floristic composition of
the different forest types may not necessarily
be reflected by the pollen spectra. Local vege-
tation (i.e. mangroves and beach) represented
>90% of the pollen spectra, while the regional
one (i.e. hinterland forests) represented <5%
of it. Unlike the four mangrove types that
were previously described in the vegetation,
the analysis of pollen samples suggested only
three distinct types of forest.
2011010094
Fuentelsaz 地区（早-中侏罗世，西班牙伊
比利亚山脉）托尔阶—阿连阶全球层型剖
面 及 点 位 孢 粉 研 究 = Palynology of the
Toarcian-Aalenian Global Boundary Strato-
type Section and Point (GSSP) at Fuentelsaz
(Lower-Middle Jurassic, Iberian Range,
Spain). (英文). Barron E; Ureta S; Goy A;
Lassaletta L. Review of Palaeobotany and
Palynology, 2010, 162(1): 11-28 11 图版.
The Fuentelsaz Section is located in the
Castilian Branch of the Iberian Range (Guada-
lajara, Spain). Its exceptional Lower-Middle
Jurassic transition outcrops led to its designa-
tion as the Global Boundary Stratotype Sec-
tion and Point for the base of the Aalenian.
The sediments of the Toarcian-Aalenian tran-
sition at Fuentelsaz are composed of marls
with interbedded limestones in rhythmic alter-
nation. Marls are dominant in the Toarcian
and the Opalinum Zone up to the middle part
of the Comptum Subzone. In the remaining
Comptum Subzone, marly materials are scarce
and limestones predominate. Sedimentation at
Fuentelsaz took place over an extensive ma-
rine epeiric carbonate platform that was well
connected with the open sea. In the Fuentelsaz
Section, a total of 43 palynomorph taxa were
recorded: 23 spore taxa, 13 pollen taxa, 4 acri-
tarchs, 2 prasinophytes and 1 dinoflagellate
cyst. The studied sediment samples were al-
ways dominated by terrestrial allochthonous
miospores. In general, miospore assemblages
are biased due to the transport of pollen from
land or islands to the continental platform.
Spheripollenites, Classopollis or indeed both
pollens numerically dominate the assemblages.
Other miospores appear in low numbers.
Aquatic palynomorphs are also scarce;
Micrhystridium lymensis is the most common.
Five palynological assemblages (PA) were
distinguished: PA1, PA2 and PA3 are Toar-
cian in age, PA4 is located at the boundary
between the Toarcian and the Aalenian and
PAS. This latter palynological assemblage
which is lower Aalenian in age shows a strong
reduction in palynomorph diversity and pres-
ervation in the Comptum Subzone. Pa-
laeoecological analysis of the palynomorphs
indicated the presence of calm, oligotrophic
sea water. The palaeofloral communities of
gymnosperms and vascular cryptogams which
grew in subtropical arid conditions were
poorly diversified.
2011010095
法国西部中白垩世沉积的大孢子以及它们
的生物地层学和古环境意义 = Megaspores
from mid Cretaceous deposits in western
France and their biostratigraphic and pa-
laeoenvironmental significance. (英文). Bat-
ten D J; Colin J P; Neraudeau D. Review of
Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2010, 161(3-4):
151-167 9 图版.
Six localities in western France contain de-
posits of mid Cretaceous age that have yielded
small assemblages of megaspores. These are
Archingeay-Les Nouillers, Puy-Puy, Les
Renardieres, La Buzinie and Le Brouillard
quarries, and Fouras tidal flat. With one ex-
ception, all are within the Charente and Char-
ente-Maritime regions: Le Brouillard is further
north in Anjou Province. The productive hori-
zons are in sub-units of previously defined
stratigraphic units A. B and C. and range in
age from latest Albian or earliest Cenomanian
to earliest mid Cenomanian. Owing to a scar-
city of records of mid Cretaceous megaspores
that can be relied upon for comparison with
those recovered in this study, a cautious ap-
proach to identification has been adopted.
Most forms are only compared to previously
described species or referred to in open no-
menclature. The most productive sample was
from the lower part of sub-unit A1 at Puy-Puy.
The assemblage recovered is dominated by
spores referable to isoetalean Minerisporites
and Paxillitriletes, with a few baculate, rugu-
late and other lycopsid spores and mar-
silealean Molaspora rugosa in association. The
occurrence of the last of these in particular
might indicate that this lowermost unit of the
mid Cretaceous succession is earliest Ceno-
manian rather than latest Albian in age, but the
evidence is equivocal. The composition of the
assemblages from sub-unit B2 (Fouras tidal
flat) and higher levels (La Buzinie, Le Brouil-
lard) is consistent with a Cenomanian age de-
30
termination and, in common with those from
Puy-Puy, Archingeay-Les Nouillers and Les
Renardieres, indicates a bias towards parent
plants that lived in and adjacent to water bod-
ies. Among the forms recorded are species of
Ariadnaesporites, Dijkstraisporites and Tenel-
lisporites. The mixed character of the assem-
blages and the presence of damaged speci-
mens and fragments in all of them lend sup-
port to previous interpretations of lacustrine to
paralic environments of deposition for the
sedimentary units concerned.
2011010096
加拿大魁北克省北方混合林长时间尺度变
化 = Long-term stand-scale dynamics of a
boreal mixed forest in Quebec, Canada. (英
文). Colpron-Tremblay J; Lavoie M. Review
of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2010,
161(1-2): 43-58 10 图版.
We conducted a high-stratigraphic resolu-
tion palaeoecological study (fossil pollen,
plant-macrofossils, charcoal, stomata, sedi-
ment stratigraphy) of two organic sedimentary
deposits in a mixed balsam fir/white birch
forest in the Laurentian Highlands in eastern
Quebec (Canada) to elucidate the long-term
stand development of this ecosystem (species
invasions, succession), and to examine the
role and effects of natural disturbances on the
vegetation dynamics. The two sites studied,
consisting of a forest hollow (Laflamme site)
and a peatland margin/forest interface (De-
sAulnaies site), were dated 10 200 and 5930
cal. yr BP, respectively. The constitution of
the balsam fir/white birch forest occurred
9500 cal. yr ago, after an afforestation period
(>10 200-9500 cal. yr BP) corresponding to an
open coniferous woodland characterized by
black spruce. Our results allowed a major re-
vision of the chronology of the vegetation dy-
namics during the early Holocene for the
study area: spread of the first tree species and
onset of the constitution of the first open for-
ests occurred at least 2500 yr earlier than pre-
viously estimated. Macroscopic wood char-
coals were found during the afforestation pe-
riod, but were very scarce thereafter. Only
four fires were recorded on the two sites since
the first appearance of firs in the region, 9500
yr ago. This suggests that forest fires have
been rare events since the establishment of fir,
and that fires played a very minor role in the
holocene dynamics of pristine balsam
fir/white birch forests in eastern North Amer-
ica. The comparison of the pollen diagrams of
the two study sites with that of a nearby peat-
land which was used previously to reconstruct
the postglacial regional vegetation history
shows that the pollen rain registered by the
forest hollow and the peatland margin/forest
interface is primarily composed of local and
extra-local pollen inputs, delivering the long-
term vegetation dynamics at the local stands.
2011010097
花粉化石说明南半球渐新世和中新世
Asteracean 的基部族系和相关科的爆发性
辐射 = Fossil pollen indicates an explosive
radiation of basal Asteracean lineages and
allied families during Oligocene and Miocene
times in the Southern Hemisphere. ( 英 文 ).
Barreda V; Palazzesi L; Telleria M C; Katinas
L; Crisci J V. Review of Palaeobotany and
Palynology, 2010, 160(3-4): 102-110 4 图版.
Much of our knowledge of the past distribu-
tion and radiation of Asteraceae and allied
families depends on the fossil pollen record.
In recent years, new discoveries are coming to
light from southern Africa, Australia, New
Zealand, and southern South America (Pata-
gonia). Unequivocally assigned morphotaxa
from accurately dated sediments have permit-
ted for the first time a comprehensive review
of the past distribution of the most important
core of the sunflower alliance of families
(Menyanthaceae, Goodeniaceae, Calyceraceae
and Asteraceae). The main goal of this contri-
bution is to explore the major evolutionary
radiation of the basal lineages of Asteraceae
(Mutisioideae and Barnadesioideae) and allied
relatives (Menyanthaceae, Goodeniaceae and
Calyceraceae) on the basis of the worldwide
fossil pollen records. Several taxa, which to-
day are restricted to isolated geographic re-
gions, were widespread in the Southern Hemi-
sphere during Paleogene times. Menyantha-
ceae, Goodeniaceae and Mutisioideae (As-
teraceae), for example, had a wide distribution
over Gondwanan landmasses in the Oligocene
and are now drastically reduced in their geo-
graphic range. Early Neogene records, in con-
trast, suggest extinction and diversification
events that progressively led to the present day
configuration. In broad terms, the distribution
of Miocene fossils assigned to this clade
(Barnadesioideae, Nassauvieae, and Caly-
ceraceae) agrees with that of their present dis-
tribution. The major floristic turnovers coin-
cided with the final isolation of Antarctica,
leading to cooler, drier, and more seasonal
climates and forced the evolution and distribu-
tion of these Gondwanan elements.
31
 2011010098
土耳其西北部 Sapanca 淡水湖岩芯中咸水
和海相种的孢型 = Palynomorphs of brackish
and marine species in cores from the freshwa-
ter Lake Sapanca, NW Turkey. (英文). Leroy
SAG; Albay M. Review of Palaeobotany and
Palynology, 2010, 160(3-4): 181-188 4 图版.
Lake Sapanca, which is located on the Sa-
karya-Sapanca-Izmit corridor in NW Turkey,
is a freshwater lake with numerous fish farms
in its catchment. Palynological analyses in-
cluding non-pollen palynomorphs of a short
(38.5 cm) and a longer sediment core (586
cm), taken in the centre of the lake and dated
in previous investigations, revealed the pres-
ence of brackish and marine palynomorphs.
The longer sediment sequence shows the oc-
currence of Brigantedinium sp., lmpagidinium
caspienense and Spituferites cruciformis from
the base of the core at c. AD 580 years up to
300 cm depth at shortly after c. AD 910. A
similar assemblage, but this time with the ad-
ditional presence of dinoflagellate thecae and
the acritarch, Radiosperma corbiferum, was
found in the recent core, especially from AD
1986 until the present. Past connections be-
tween the Gulf of lzmit and the Black Sea, via
the River Sakarya and Lake Sapanca, could be
the origin of these two microfossil assem-
blages. Accidental re-introduction via fish
translocation since the Roman times may have
been a additional mechanism. The conse-
quences of the survival of brackish and marine
forms in a freshwater lake are discussed in
terms of wider euryhalinity than has been sug-
gested for those still poorly known organisms.
2011010099
巴西南里奥格朗德坎迪欧塔 Parana 盆地下
二叠统 Rio Bonito 组和 Palermo 组孢粉：
新资料和生物地层意义 = Palynology of the
Rio Bonito and Palermo Formations (Lower
Permian, Parana Basin) In Candiota, Rio
Grande Do Sul, Brazil: new data and bio-
stratigraphic implications. (其他). Mori A L O;
Souza P A. Ameghiniana: Revista de la aso-
ciacion Paleontologica Argentina, 2010, 47(1):
61-78
New palynologic associations were recov-
ered from an outcrop located at BR 293
Highway, between Bage and Candiota mu-
nicipalities, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil,
related to the Rio Bonito and Palermo forma-
tions, Lower Permian of Parana Basin. Eight
samples were colected and studied, showing
rich and diversified palynofloras. A total of 76
species were recognized, 42 corresponding to
spores, 24 to pollen grains and 10 related to
algae and fungi. Palynomorphs registered in
the section here analysed indicate the recogni-
tion of the Vittatina costabilis and Lueckis-
porites virrkiae zones. Species with strati-
graphic ranges limitated to ltarare Subgroup
and Rio Bonito Formation were identified in a
higher stratigrapical levels, meaning for in-
stance, increasing on the stratigraphic range of
these taxa. On the other hand, other strati-
graphic interpretations are possible, constitut-
ing the scope of the present contribution.
2011010100
花粉年度收集器揭示气候对欧洲和高加索
地区花粉产量控制的复杂性 = Annual pol-
len traps reveal the complexity of climatic
control on pollen productivity in Europe and
the Caucasus. (英文). van der Knaap W O;
van Leeuwen Jacqueline F N; Svitavska-
Svobodova Helena; Pidek Irena A; Kvavadze
Eliso; Chichinadze Maia; Giesecke Thomas;
Kaszewski Boguslaw Michal; Oberli Floren-
cia; Kalnina Laimdota; Pardoe Heather S.;
Tinner Willy; Ammann Brigit. Vegetation
History and Archaeobotany, 2010, 19(4, Sp.
Iss. SI): 285-307 4 图版.
Annual PAR (pollen accumulation rates;
grains cm (-2) year (-1)) were studied with
modified Tauber traps situated in ten regions,
in Poland (Roztocze), the Czech Republic
(two regions in Krkonoe, two in umava),
Switzerland (4 regions in the Alps), and Geor-
gia (Lagodekhi). The time-series are 10-16
years long, all ending in 2007. We calculated
correlations between pollen data and climate.
Pollen data are PAR summarized per region
(4-7 traps selected per region) for each pollen
type (9-14 per region) using log-transformed,
detrended medians. Climate data are monthly
temperature and precipitation measured at
nearby stations, and their averages over all
possible 2- to 6-month windows falling within
the 20-month window ending with August,
just prior to the yearly pollen-trap collection.
Most PAR/climate relationships were found to
differ both among pollen types and among
regions, the latter probably due to differences
among the study regions in the habitats of
plant populations. Results shared by a number
of regions can be summarized as follows.
Summer warmth was found to enhance the
following year's PAR of Picea, Pinus non-
cembra, Larix and Fagus. Cool summers, in
contrast, increase the PAR of Abies, Alnus
viridis and Gramineae in the following year,
32
while wet summers promote PAR of Quercus
and Gramineae. Wetness and warmth in gen-
eral were found to enhance PAR of Salix. Pre-
cipitation was found to be more important for
PAR of Alnus glutinosa-type than temperature.
Weather did not have an impact on the PAR of
Gramineae, and possibly of Cyperaceae in the
same year. Care is advised when extrapolating
our results to PAR in pollen sequences, be-
cause there are large errors associated with
PAR from sediments, due to the effects of
taphonomy and sedimentation and high uncer-
tainty in dating. In addition, in pollen se-
quences that have decadal to centennial rather
than near-annual resolution, plant-interaction
effects may easily out-weigh the weather sig-
nal.
2011010101
沿欧洲一条南北向截面花粉采集器山毛榉
花粉的年富集率变化 = Variation in annual
pollen accumulation rates of Fagus along a N-
S transect in Europe based on pollen traps. (英
文). Pidek I A; Svitavska-Svobodova H; van
der Knaap W O; Noryskiewicz A M; Fil-
brandt-Czaja A ; Noryskiewicz B; Latalowa
M; Zimny M; Swieta-Musznicka J; Bozilova
E; Tonkov S; Filipova-Marinova M ; Poska A;
Giesecke T; Gikov A. Vegetation History and
Archaeobotany, 2010, 19(4Sp. Iss. SI): 259-
270 4 图版.
Annual pollen-accumulation rates (PAR) of
Fagus (beech) obtained within the framework
of the Pollen Monitoring Programme (PMP)
were analyzed in pollen traps along a N-S
transect from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea
in different European vegetation units. The
study regions are situated in the lowlands of
northern Poland, the uplands of SE Poland, the
Czech Krkonoe Mts, the Czech umava Mts,
the Swiss Jura Mts, the Swiss Alps, the Bul-
garian Rila Mts and the Bulgarian Strandzha
Mts. Most time series are 10 or 11 years long,
some are 5-16 years long. Inter-annual fluc-
tuations in Fagus PAR were analyzed and
compared with seed mast years. Years with
high Fagus PAR and others with low Fagus
PAR occurred most frequently in parallel
within each region and often in two
neighbouring regions. 2006 was exceptional
as it had a very high Fagus sylvatica pollen
deposition in all study regions and it was also
a mast year. In Bulgaria, the trend in the 5
years of Fagus orientalis PAR in the
Strandzha Mts differed from that of F. sylva-
tica PAR in the Rila Mts. Aiming at establish-
ing the relationship between average Fagus
PAR and tree cover, differences in Fagus
PAR (averaged per pollen trap) were related in
each region to the proportion of beech trees in
the vegetation within 2 km of the pollen traps,
the distance to the nearest pollinating Fagus
tree, regional or local presence of beech for-
ests, the degree of landscape openness, and the
size of forest opening in which a trap is situ-
ated. Average Fagus PAR was found to track
the regional abundance of beech trees in the
vegetation, not the distance of the nearest
Fagus tree. Regional occurrence of beech-
dominated forests was reflected by a Fagus
PAR of ca. 1,400 grains cm(-2) year(-1), local
abundance very close to pollen traps by ca.
2,400 grains, small patches of forest with ad-
mixture of Fagus by ca. 170-220 grains, and
scarcity or absence of Fagus by ca. 40 grains
or less.
2011010102
改进后的陶伯花粉采样仪和苔藓样品孢粉
谱的比较：横跨欧洲的林地采样 = Compar-
ing pollen spectra from modified Tauber traps
and moss samples: examples from a selection
of woodlands across Europe. (英文). Pardoe H
S; Giesecke T; van der Knaap WO; Svitavska-
Svobodova H; Kvavadze E V; Panajiotidis S ;
Gerasimidis A; Pidek I A; Zimny M; Swieta-
Musznicka J; Latalowa M; Noryskiewicz A M;
Bozilova E ; Tonkov S; Filipova-Marinova M
V; van Leeuwen JFN; Kalnina L. Vegetation
History and Archaeobotany, 2010, 19(4Sp. Iss.
SI): 271-283 7 图版.
This paper compares pollen spectra derived
from modified Tauber traps and moss samples
from a selection of woodland types from Bul-
garia, the Czech Republic, Georgia, Greece,
Poland, Switzerland and Wales. The study
examines the representation of individual taxa
in the two sampling media and aims to ascer-
tain the duration of pollen deposition captured
by a moss. The latter aim was pursued through
the calculation of dissimilarity indexes to as-
sess how many years of pollen deposited in a
pollen trap yield percentage values that are
most similar to those obtained from the moss.
The results are broadly scattered; the majority
of moss samples being most similar to several
years of pollen deposition in the adjacent trap.
For a selection of samples, a comparison of
the pollen accumulation rate in pollen traps
with the pollen concentration in the moss per
unit surface indicates that the entrapment
and/or preservation of individual pollen types
in the moss differ from that in the pollen trap.
A comparison of the proportion of different
33
taxa in the moss with the pollen spectrum of 2
years of pollen deposition in the trap also re-
vealed large differences. There is a tendency
for bisaccate grains such as Pinus and Picea to
have a higher representation in moss than in
traps but there is considerable regional varia-
tion. The results indicate that pollen propor-
tions from moss samples often represent the
pollen deposition of one area over several
years. However, bisaccate pollen grains tend
to be over-represented in moss samples com-
pared to both pollen traps and, potentially,
lake sediments.
2011010103
用林冠花粉采样仪监测丹麦 Draved 林的气
候条件对年际开花变化的影响 = The effect
of climate conditions on inter-annual flower-
ing variability monitored by pollen traps be-
low the canopy in Draved Forest, Denmark.
(英文). Nielsen A B; Moller P F; Giesecke T;
Stavngaard B; Fontana S L; Bradshaw RHW.
Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2010,
19(4Sp. Iss. SI): 309-323 4 图版.
Since 1967 annual pollen deposition has
been monitored in the semi-natural mixed de-
ciduous woodland Draved Forest by the Geo-
logical Survey of Denmark. In this paper, we
analyse the variability in pollen accumulation
rates for the eight most common deciduous
trees, and their relationships to monthly tem-
perature and precipitation. High summer tem-
peratures in the year before flowering have a
positive effect on pollen deposition for several
species. A positive correlation between tem-
peratures during the flowering season and pol-
len accumulation rates is found for Fagus syl-
vatica, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior and
Corylus avellana. The amount of precipitation
can have both positive and negative effects on
pollen accumulation, depending on species
and on time of year. Linear modelling showed
that combinations of monthly climate parame-
ters could explain between 10 and 80% of the
variation observed in different species. There
were marked differences in the time series of
pollen accumulation and pollen/climate rela-
tionships for some species between traps
within the forest related to the location of trees
near the traps. This underlines the importance
of using multiple traps in a region for this type
of study. Time series analyses were used to
test for cyclicity in pollen accumulation rates,
which could be caused by resource limitations
or internal biological factors. No significant
autocorrelations were found, although Alnus
glutinosa showed a tendency towards 3-year
cyclicity. These results indicate that, with the
possible exception of Alnus glutinosa, tem-
perature and precipitation are the main factors
controlling the annual variability in pollen
deposition of the trees in Draved Forest.
2011010104
我们能从植物残迹和花粉的现代样品觉察
挪威西部的林木线吗?通过林木线直接观察
近代大化石计划得出的结果 = Can we de-
tect a west Norwegian tree line from modern
samples of plant remains and pollen? Results
from the DOORMAT project. (英文). Birks H
H; Bjune A E. Vegetation History and Ar-
chaeobotany, 2010, 19(4Sp. Iss. SI): 325-
340 5 图版.
In the DOORMAT (Direct Observation of
Recent Macrofossils Across Treeline) project,
the modern representation of local vegetation
by pollen and plant remains (plant macrofos-
sils) across a west Norwegian tree line, com-
posed of Betula pubescens and Pinus sylves-
tris, has been studied over 2 years. The aim
was to discover if the modern tree line could
be detected and therefore how precisely past
tree-line movements could be reconstructed
and related to Holocene climate changes by
using one proxy or a combination of both.
Traps were placed in the vegetation from 663
to 1,120 m a.s.l., spanning the pine altitudinal
species limit, the birch tree-line ecotone, and
the vegetation zones up to the mid-alpine zone.
Three traps were also set in the small lake
Trettetjørn close to the modern tree line at
800 m a.s.l. Traps were emptied twice a year
to sample both summer and winter seasons.
Macrofossils represent their local vegetation
well. However, tree Betula remains were
trapped above the tree line and Pinus and
Picea remains were recorded 1.0–1.5 km
away from their sources, demonstrating con-
siderable dispersal capacity. This shows that
rare macrofossil remains do not necessarily
represent the local presence of these trees.
Aerial tree pollen deposition in traps at the
upper limit of pine woodland and in the subal-
pine birch woodland was unexpectedly low,
whereas pollen accumulation rates (PAR)
were orders of magnitude higher in the lake
traps. We hypothesise that the lake receives
regional pollen rain washed in from its catch-
ment by snow meltwater and that high values
in traps are due to continuous suspension of
pollen in the lake water during summer. The
interpretation of tree-line changes from exist-
ing Holocene pollen and plant macrofossil
data from Trettetjørn was supported and re-
34
fined by the DOORMAT macrofossil data, but
the modern pollen data were anomalous.
2011010105
用复合传播功能的发展估算瑞士阿尔卑斯
山脉的绝对花粉产量 = The development of
composite dispersal functions for estimating
absolute pollen productivity in the Swiss Alps.
(英文). Sjogren P; Connor S E; van der Knaap
WO. Vegetation History and Ar-
chaeobotany, 2010, 19(4Sp. Iss. SI): 341-
349 4 图版.
Considering the complexity of real-world
pollen dispersal, a single set of parameters
may be inadequate to model pollen dispersal,
especially as dispersal occurs on both local
and regional scales. Here we combine more
than one dispersal function into a composite
dispersal function (CDF). The function incor-
porates multiple parameters and different
modes of pollen transportation, and thus has
the potential to better simulate the relationship
between deposited pollen and the surrounding
vegetation than would otherwise be possible.
CDFs based on different dispersal functions
and combinations of dispersal functions were
evaluated using a pollen-trap dataset from the
Swiss Alps. Absolute pollen productivity
(APP) was estimated at 7,700 +/- A 2,000
grains cm(-2) year(-1) for Larix decidua,
13,500 +/- A 1,900 grains cm(-2) year(-1) for
Picea abies and 95,600 +/- A 17,700 grains
cm(-2) year(-1) for Pinus cembra (with 95%
confidence level). The results are consistent
with previous APP estimates made from the
same dataset using different methods.
2011010106
植被数据采集策略对评估相关花粉源地和
非乔木花粉产量的影响 = Effect of vegeta-
tion data collection strategies on estimates of
relevant source area of pollen (RSAP) and
relative pollen productivity estimates (relative
PPE) for non-arboreal taxa. (英文). Bunting
M J; Hjelle K L. Vegetation History and Ar-
chaeobotany, 2010, 19(4Sp. Iss. SI): 365-
374 8 图版.
Thirteen surface moss samples were col-
lected for pollen analysis from an area of
heathland in western Norway. Vegetation
composition at different distances around the
sampling locations was measured using three
different survey methods; rooted frequency
within a sub-divided 1 m x 1 m quadrat, visual
estimates of cover within a 1 m x 1 m quadrat
and a modified form of the 'circle-walking
method'. Extended R-value analysis was used
to explore the pollen-vegetation relationships
for five main taxa, Calluna vulgaris, Vaccin-
ium-type, Cyperaceae, Poaceae and Potentilla-
type. The estimates of relevant source area of
pollen obtained were similar regardless of the
vegetation survey method. Values obtained
were always under 4 m. However, estimates of
relative pollen productivity and the back-
ground pollen component (proportion of pol-
len coming from vegetation growing beyond
the relevant source area of pollen) differ
markedly depending on the method of vegeta-
tion survey chosen. This has important impli-
cations for the quantitative reconstruction of
past vegetation cover.
2011010107
根据地形重建运算方法定量分析丹麦近三
千年以来的地形变化 = Quantitative land-
scape dynamics in Denmark through the last
three millennia based on the Landscape Re-
construction Algorithm approach. ( 英 文 ).
Nielsen A B; Odgaard B V. Vegetation His-
tory and Archaeobotany, 2010, 19(4Sp. Iss.
SI): 375-387 13 图版.
This paper explores the spatial and temporal
land-cover variability within the main cultural
landscape units in Denmark during the last
3,000 years. Quantitative estimates of the
cover of trees, grasses, Cerealia and Calluna
around nine Danish lakes were obtained using
the recently developed Landscape Reconstruc-
tion Algorithm (LRA) (Sugita 2007a, b). The
performance of the approach was evaluated by
comparing reconstructed vegetation based on
a.d. 1800 pollen spectra to land cover from
historical maps of the same period. Although
the model tended to overestimate grassland
cover by 10-20%, the reconstructed vegetation
was much more similar to the observed than
the uncorrected pollen proportions. The LRA
was then applied to 3,000 year long pollen
records to reconstruct the vegetation develop-
ment around each of the nine sites. The results
support earlier conclusions regarding the rela-
tive stability of woodland, agrarian and heath-
land dominated landscapes in Denmark (Od-
gaard and Rasmussen 2000), with the distribu-
tion of the main landscape types determined
by topography and soil characteristics. The
present study indicates that the transition
zones between agricultural and forest domi-
nated landscapes were the most dynamic, act-
ing as buffer zones where most of the expan-
sions and contractions of agricultural activities
took place. The quantitative vegetation recon-
35
structions underline the importance of farming
and especially pastoral activities in shaping
the Danish landscapes throughout the study
period.
2011010108
罗兹托切地区（波兰东南部）Abies alba、
Fagus sylvatica 和 Pinus sylvestris 花粉的
分布和沉积特征 = Pollen dispersal and depo-
sition characteristics of Abies alba, Fagus syl-
vatica and Pinus sylvestris, Roztocze region
(SE Poland). ( 英 文 ). Poska Anneli; Pidek
Irena Agnieszka. Vegetation History and Ar-
chaeobotany, 2010, 19(2): 91-101 4 图版.
Pinus sylvestris L., Abies alba Mill. and
Fagus sylvatica L.-the significant forest form-
ing tree species in Europe are important for
palaeoecological interpretations based on the
results of pollen analysis of fossil deposits.
The potential pollen loading for Pinus sylves-
tris, Abies alba and Fagus sylvatica was mod-
elled using simulated and actual vegetation
maps, measured fall-speed values and pollen
productivity estimates from the literature. The
influx of fir pollen drops sharply with distance
from the pollen source due to the high fall
speed and moderate pollen productivity. The
vast majority of Abies alba pollen is deposited
within less than 50 m of the sampling site and
a major proportion within 100 m. For beech
the corresponding numbers would be 300 and
1,800 m, and for pine 1,000 and 4,500 m. The
observed mean pollen accumulation rate (PAR)
values for Pinus and Fagus were ca. 5,800 and
1,100 grains cm (-2) year (-1), respectively. In
the case of Abies, the mean annual PAR for
the whole region is ca. 700 grains cm (-2) year
(-1). In SE Poland the regional signal is repre-
sented by PARs of Abies alba < 200 grains cm
(-2) year (-1) and of Fagus sylvatica < 500
grains cm(-2) year(-1). The local pres-
ence/absence threshold values for Abies alba,
Fagus sylvatica and Pinus sylvestris are >
1,000 grains cm (-2) year (-1), > 2,000 grains
cm (-2) year (-1) and > 3,500 grains cm (-2)
year (-1) respectively.
2011010109
波罗的海地区东部的农业耕作和赤杨属数
量下降之间有关系吗？ = Is there a relation-
ship between crop farming and the Alnus de-
cline in the eastern Baltic region?. ( 英 文 ).
Saarse L; Niinemets E; Poska A; Veski S.
Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2010,
19(1): 17-28 8 图版.
Data from 59 sequences studied through
pollen analysis were used to examine the de-
cline in Alnus in Estonia during the Iron Age.
Between a.d. 300 and 1300, the Alnus pollen
frequency declined markedly in 30 records
distributed evenly across the investigated area.
The beginning of the decline was time trans-
gressive, coincidental with the start of exten-
sive cultivation, and was frequently connected
with the commencement of rye cultivation and
the availability of land suitable for cultivation.
The greatest reduction in Alnus abundance
occurred during the Late Iron Age between a.d.
900 and 1000. This spatially random asyn-
chrony suggests that one or more factors af-
fected Alnus populations across the whole
northern region. Human impact is discussed as
a plausible cause of the decline. To determine
the initiation of extensive crop farming in the
eastern Baltic area, pollen diagrams from Lat-
via, Lithuania and the Novgorod region were
also examined.
2011010110
Lac d'Annecy 地区（法国阿尔卑斯山脉北
部）西南边界海拔 456m 的 Lathuile 码头
MIS 5 期花粉记录特征 = Characteristics of
the MIS 5 pollen record from Lathuile Gare,
456 m a.s.l., at the SW border of the Lac
d'Annecy (northern French Alps). ( 英 文 ).
Hahne J; Bludau W; Brun A; Hannss C; Klotz
S; Wahr J. Vegetation History and Ar-
chaeobotany, 2009, 18(6): 441-458 7 图版.
The layers studied, parts of banquettes, con-
sist of limnic clayey-silty fine sediments with
some intercalated horizons of shaly coal and
lacustrine mud flow rubble. In the lower part
of the record the Bornette interglacial has been
established. This is characterised by high val-
ues of Corylus and a significant presence of
Quercus and Hedera in addition to a wide-
spread presence of Buxus, Ulmus and
Carpinus. A linkage of this interglacial to the
Eemian (MIS 5e) can be considered an appli-
cable hypothesis. Quantitatively, however,
Alnus and Picea exceed all these thermo-
phytics. However the lower part of Lathuile
Gare is also characterised by palynological
duplications untypical of the Eemian, for ex-
ample two distinct peaks of Corylus linked to
a significant decline in Picea in PZ 3 and 5
and higher values of Abies and Picea in PZ 4
and 6. Possibly these duplications can be ex-
plained by a rapid sub-aquatic flow causing a
doubling of the beds. In the upper part of the
Lathuile Gare record two mean climatic reces-
sion periods in the lowest and the second up-
36
permost section (PZ 9 and 15) were detected
with increased values of NAP and Pinus in PZ
9 and decreased proportions of Picea in PZ 15.
They represent the Chaperon b interstadial and
the Lathuile stadial correlated hypothetically
with the St. Germain Ib (MIS 5c2) and the
Melisey II (MIS 5b) stadial. The enclosed
middle part, the Chaparon c interstadial, re-
vealing similarities with the St. Germain Ic
(MIS 5c1), is dominated by Picea and Pinus.
Only a few thermophilous taxa occur in the
middle of this interstadial in PZ 11.
2011010111
从森林到开放草地和田野：根据两个不同
空间范围植被的花粉记录推断挪威西部人
文景观的发展 = From forest to open pastures
and fields: cultural landscape development in
western Norway inferred from two pollen re-
cords representing different spatial scales of
vegetation. (英文). Overland A; Hjelle K L.
Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2009,
18(6): 459-476 9 图版.
The cultural landscape development of a
farming community in western Norway was
investigated through pollen analyses from a
lake and a peat/soil profile. The pollen record
from the lake indicates that there was a de-
crease in arboreal pollen (AP) by the end of
the Mesolithic period (ca. 4200 cal B.C.), and
that a substantial forest clearance occurred
during the Bronze Age (ca. 1500 cal B.C.).
The latter, together with grazing indicators
and cereals, suggests a widespread establish-
ment of farming. At the beginning of the Ro-
man Iron Age there is an increase in heath
communities. The pollen diagram from the
peat/soil profile shows the forest clearance in
the Bronze Age more clearly than the lake
profile. This local pollen diagram is compared
with modern pollen samples from mown and
grazed localities in western Norway. Both
analogue matching and ordination (PCA) indi-
cate that the site was characterised by pastures
and cereal fields from the Late Bronze Age to
the Late Iron Age. An expansion of cereal
cultivation took place during the Pre-Roman
Iron Age, and an arable field was established
at the site after ca. A.D. 800. This investiga-
tion illustrates the potential of selecting pollen
sites reflecting different spatial scales, and
complements the cultural history of the area as
inferred from archaeological and historical
records.
2011010112
城市沉积花粉分析的潜力：中世纪捷克共
和国布拉格一套资料的多元统计分析 = The
potential of pollen analyses from urban depos-
its: multivariate statistical analysis of a data
set from the medieval city of Prague, Czech
Republic. (英文). Kozakova R; Pokorny P;
Havrda J; Jankovska V. Vegetation History
and Archaeobotany, 2009, 18(6): 477-488 5
图版.
In the 12th and 13th centuries, the land
which is now the Czech Republic underwent
deep social and landscape changes, defined by
historians and archaeologists as a transitional
period between the early and late medieval
periods. This study aims to analyze this transi-
tion as reflected by 142 pollen spectra from
urban deposits so far excavated in the city of
Prague. Multivariate statistics and critical as-
sessment of the results has brought general
conclusions on the potential of pollen analysis
for urban archaeological research. They reveal
an early medieval urban environment as a fine
mosaic formed by extensive management, and
composed of many habitats without sharp
borders between them. Since human impact
increased with time and the use of land be-
came more rationalized and intensive, this
mosaic developed a relatively coarser struc-
ture in the high medieval period. Our results
support findings of the earlier subjective and
uncertain characteristics of two differing types
of medieval pollen spectra (Cerealia-
dominated ones with low pollen diversity ver-
sus those with a higher proportion of arboreal
and wild herbal pollen and high pollen diver-
sity) obtained from various archaeological
sites.
2011010113
大 Mazurian 湖地区从觅食到农业：波兰东
北部 Milkowskie 湖沉积孢粉研究 = From
foraging to farming in the Great Mazurian
Lake District: palynological studies on Lake
Milkowskie sediments, northeast Poland. (英
文). Wacnik A. Vegetation History and Ar-
chaeobotany, 2009, 18(3): 187-203 6 图版.
Early and mid Holocene local vegetational
history, with special reference to woodland
communities, was revealed by pollen analysis
of a radiocarbon dated lake sediment profile
from Lake Milkowskie (Jezioro Milkowskie)
in northeastern Poland. The main factor con-
trolling the dynamics of woodland composi-
tion changes until ca. 1950 b.c. was climate.
After that, the role of human activity became
increasingly important. The results of high-
37
resolution pollen analyses provide evidence
for early woodland disturbances caused by
Mesolithic people at ca. 6950 b.c. Several epi-
sodes of human impact, differing in scale, and
separated by subsequent episodes of woodland
regeneration/stabilization were noted. The first
traces of local crop farming, shown by the
presence of Cerealia pollen, were recorded at
ca. 3800 b.c. in the Paraneolithic/Neolithic
period. Animal husbandry as well as cereal
cultivation played only a marginal role in the
economy, which was traditionally based on
hunting, fishing and gathering through the
Neolithic and the early Bronze Age. The
change in economic strategies from foraging
towards farming, starting around 3750 b.c.,
was a long-lasting process. An increase of
productive economy took place in the middle
Bronze Age at ca. 1400 b.c.
2011010114
用孢粉沉积率推测人烟稀少的北方森林地
区土地使用的变化 = Pollen accumulation
rates as a tool for detecting land-use changes
in a sparsely settled boreal forest. (英文). Ku-
oppamaa M; Goslar T; Hicks S. Vegetation
History and Archaeobotany, 2009, 18(3): 205-
217 5 图版.
A peat profile from the village of Nellim in
northern Finnish Lapland was analysed at a
near-annual resolution in order to test to what
degree of accuracy the land-use history of the
village could be reconstructed on the basis of
organic microfossils. The profile was first
AMS C-14 dated and a robust chronology
constructed to enable near-annual sampling. A
set of 47 contiguous samples were treated and
counted to produce a pollen accumulation rate
diagram (PAR, grains cm(-2) year(-1)). PARs
enabled a better distinction of the fine-scale
human induced changes in the pollen assem-
blages than the classical percentage represen-
tation because real changes in each pollen
taxon could be followed. Changes in the ac-
cumulation rate of pine pollen reflect regional
changes in forest-use in Lapland and both lo-
cal events and regional logging activity could
be distinguished. Local within-mire changes
were deduced from the peat stratigraphy and
the testate amoebae. The limitations for using
PARs seem to be connected to the physiology
of the plants and the taphonomy of the differ-
ent pollen types and this must be taken into
account when making interpretations.
2011010115
以色列 Gesher Benot Ya'aqov 地区阿舍利
遗址孢粉研究 = A palynological study of the
Acheulian site of Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, Is-
rael. (英文). van Zeist W; Bottema S. Vegeta-
tion History and Archaeobotany, 2009, 18(2):
105-121 2 图版.
The results are discussed of the palynologi-
cal (pollen-analytical) examination of a sedi-
ment section in the Hula Valley of northern
Israel, with evidence of Acheulian occupation
dated to 700,000-800,000 B.P. In general
there is a fair agreement between the paly-
nological data and the wood remains identi-
fied from the site, but there are also discrepan-
cies, some of which can be explained and oth-
ers not. Although relatively well represented
in the pollen record, Pinus (pine) most proba-
bly did not occur in the Hula area. Some pol-
len types are thought to have been carried in
from hundreds of kilometres away (long-
distance transport). Together the pollen and
wood evidence suggests that Quercus ithabu-
rensis-Pistacia atlantica (Tabor oak Atlantic
terebinth) woodland (open forest) was found
in the Hula Valley (other than the lake and
marshes) and on the lower reaches of the
mountains flanking the valley on both sides.
In addition to deciduous Tabor oak, evergreen
Kermes oak (Quercus calliprinos) must have
been an important component of this wood-
land. Wild olive (Olea europaea var. oleaster)
may also have been quite common here. The
suggestion of open forest, with fairly widely
spaced trees, is based upon the high non-
arboreal pollen frequencies and indicates
fairly dry climatic conditions. Various stream-
bank trees and shrubs are represented in the
pollen and/or wood records, such as Fraxinus
(ash), Ulmus (elm), Salix (willow) and Plata-
nus (plane tree). During the period represented
by the upper section of the pollen diagram,
Cedrus (cedar) must have reached the Hula
area, indicating increased humidity. In the
steppe-like field layer (undergrowth of the
woodland) grasses (Gramineae) must have
played a prominent role in addition to a great
number of other species. In particular Compo-
sitae and Umbelliferae include a large variety
of species (many different pollen types). Two
Chenopodiaceae maxima, coinciding with
Gramineae minima, are thought to be indica-
tive of periods of increased climatic dryness.
The local lake and marsh vegetation is fairly
well represented in the pollen record, but in-
terpretation in terms of vegetation succession
is only possible to some degree. Mention is
made here of Trapa natans (water chestnut),
38
the nuts of which were consumed by the
Acheulian inhabitants.
2011010116
巴西南部巴拉那盆地下泥盆统孢粉地层以
及冈瓦纳西部同期几丁虫生物带的修订 =
Palynostratigraphy from the Lower Devonian
of the Parana Basin, South Brazil, and a revi-
sion of contemporary Chitinozoan biozones
from Western Gondwana. (英文). Mauller P
M; Grahn Y; Cardoso T R M. Stratigra-
phy, 2009, 6(4): 313-332
New palynomorph data from the Parana
Basin, South Brazil. Suggests a discontinuous
sedimentation during the Lower Devonian. A
comparison is made with coeval beds in Ar-
gentina, Bolivia and other intracratonic basins
from Brazil. The Loch kovian/Pragian bound-
ary is best developed in Bolivia and is distin-
guished by the first appearance of Ramo-
chitina magnifica Lange 1967. which suc-
ceeds characteristic late Lochkovian chitino-
zoan species from underlying strata (e.g. An-
gochitina filosa Eisenack 1959, Cingu-
lochitina ervensis Paris 1979, Cingulochitina
serrata Taugourdeau and Jekhowsky 1960,
Ramochitina jutaiense Grahn et al. 2003, and
Urochitina loboi Volkheimer et al. 1986).
Based on spore evidence, the Urochitina loboi
Zone is considered as a subzone in the tipper
late Lochkovian part of the Angochitina
strigosa Zone. A palynomorphic barren inter-
val, corresponding to most of the Pragian
(PoW, pre-Su spore Interval Zone of Street et
al. 1987), Occurs in Western Gondwana. No
positive evidence is present for rocks coeval
with the Emsian AB and FD spore Oppel
Zones of Street et al. (1987). Ancyrochitina
biconstricta (Lange 1949) is a characteristic
Emsian species, and not conspecific with
Cladochitina biconstricta Lange 1949 sensu
Quadros 1982, which is a new late Eifelian -
late early Givetian species. Ramochitina
praemagnifica and Spinachitina aciculata, are
described as new species.
2011010117
杜 内 阶 ( 早 密 西 西 比 期 ) Waltzispora lan-
zonii 小孢子的形态变化和分布 = Morpho-
logical variation and distribution of the Tour-
naisian (Early Mississippian) miospore
Waltzispora lanzonii Daemon 1974. (英文).
Playford G; Melo J H G. Neues Jahrbuch fur
Geologie u. Palaontologie / Abhandlun-
gen, 2010, 256(2): 183-193
Based on numerous specimens from the
Tournaisian Oriximina Formation, the mor-
phology of the more typical and also the rela-
tively rare, aberrant representatives of W. lan-
zonii is illustrated and described in detail.
Chronostratigraphically, W. lanzonii is charac-
teristic of and perhaps entirely confined to
Tournaisian strata, although the possibility
exists that it may extend slightly higher, into
the Visean. However, rare occurrences of the
species in upper Visean strata are considered
to be a probable consequence of reworking.
2011010118
日本海南部海岸全新世气候适宜期 = The
Holocene climatic optimum at the southern
coast of the Sea of Japan. (英文). Evstigneeva
T A; Naryshkina N N. Paleontological Jour-
nal, 2010, 44(10): 1262-12 3 图版.
Palynological spectra were studied from
piston-cores of bottom sediments in the
southwestern part of the Sea of Japan and the
East Korea Bay. Five palynological assem-
blages were revealed in the sediments of the
deep core and three, in the shelf core. The pa-
lynological assemblages were formed during
different climatic phases and reflect main
stages in the development of the vegetation of
the region. The Holocene optimum was de-
termined for the southern coast of the Sea of
Japan.
2011010119
黎巴嫩白垩纪 Classopollis Pflug 花粉外壁
的超微结构 = Exine ultrastructure in pollen
grains of Classopollis Pflug from the Creta-
ceous of Lebanon. ( 英 文 ). Zavialova N E;
Tekleva M V; Smirnova S B; Mroueh M. Pa-
leontological Journal, 2010, 44(10): 1353-
1367 8 图版.
Pollen grains of Classopollis Pflug from the
Cretaceous deposits of Lebanon were studied
by means of light and electron microscopy.
Ultrastructurally, they are similar to pollen
grains, extracted from Classostrobus compto-
nensis Alvin, Spicer et Watson from the Bar-
remian of England. The differences concern
the shape and size of spinules, ultrastructure
of apertural regions, and preservation of the
endexine. An analysis of our data and pub-
lished results revealed three types of infratec-
tum existed in members of Circumpolles: (1)
with branchy elements, (2) with columella-
like non-branching elements, and (3) with
large granules arranged in one row. The paly-
nological assemblage is described in detail;
problems of dating are discussed.
39
 2011010120
La Perla 地区含氧化铁火山灰降落的孢粉
学证据，墨西哥北部渐新世基律纳型铁矿
床 = Palynologic evidence for iron-oxide ash
fall at La Perla, an Oligocene Kiruna-type iron
ore deposit in northern Mexico. (英文). Co-
rona-Esquivel R; Martinez-Hernandez E; Hen-
riquez F; Nystrom J O; Tritlla J. GFF, 2010,
132(3-4): 173-181
La Perla is an Oligocene deposit of apatite
iron ore located in northern Mexico. The main
ore types are massive ore, ore breccia and
powdery ore. The latter is of special genetic
interest because it contains well-preserved
palynomorphs; fossil pollen representing sev-
eral plant families growing in the region of
investigation during the late Paleogene-
Neogene; the assemblages include angiosperm
and gymnosperm pollen grains, and also fossil
fungal spores from two genera, Frasna-
critetrus and Dyctiosporites, indicative of Eo-
cene to Miocene age. The beds of powdery ore
are stratified and size-sorted, but in some
places there is no discernible stratification.
The ore consists of a friable open framework
of anhedral to euhedral hematite plates, or less
commonly, martitized magnetite octahedra.
Locally, the ore is even unconsolidated. The
ore minerals show no abrasive rounding or
other epiclastic features, and the high porosity
of the iron-oxide crystal aggregate embedding
the palynomorphs rules out formation by
hydrothermal deposition or replacement. The
exines of the palynomorphs have a light yel-
low color which demonstrates that they are
unaffected by thermal alteration. This shows
that the pollen-bearing powdery ore was de-
posited at a temperature below 150 degrees C,
probably as volcanic ash that captured wind-
blown pollen.
2011010121
Vilui 盆地（西伯利亚）Timerdyakh 组上
白垩统具沟类花粉 = Upper Cretaceous sul-
cate pollen from the Timerdyakh Formation,
Vilui Basin (Siberia). (英文). Hofmann C C;
Zetter R. Grana, 2010, 49(3): 170-193
One inaperturate and 16 monosulcate pollen
types are described from the latest Campanian
to earliest Maastrichtian sediments of the
Vilui basin, Siberia, using both light and scan-
ning electron microscopy, and assigned sys-
tematically when possible to modern families
or subfamilies. Despite their scant occurrence,
the pollen grains show considerable diversity.
Two new genera have been erected.
Lasioideaecidites with two species,
Lasioideaecidites hessei and Lasioideaecidites
bogneri, represents the earliest record of the
subfamily Lasioideae (Araceae). Aristolochia-
cidites with one species, Aristolochiacidites
viluiensis, is assigned to the subfamily Aris-
tolochioideae (Aristolochiaceae) and repre-
sents the first fossil pollen record of the family.
A new species of Liliacidites, Liliacidites
goldblattii, is closely similar to pollen of Iso-
physioideae (Iridaceae) and/or Doryanthaceae
and is the first fossil evidence of the clade that
includes these closely related families. A fur-
ther nine new fossil species are described
(Clavatipollenites timerdyakhensis, Liliacid-
ites palaeofritillaria, Retimonocolpites longo-
sucatus, R. microreticulatus, R. microrugula-
tus, R. lysichitonoides, R. chapmaniae, Mono-
sulcites parvus and Arecipites tyungensis) and
assigned to Chloranthaceae, Araceae (Oron-
tioideae, ?Pothoideae), Liliaceae, ?Hypoxida-
ceae and Arecaceae. The Hydatellaceae
(Nymphaeales) may also be present in the pa-
lynoflora of the Vilui Basin, represented by
pollen similar to M. rivularis Braman from the
Santonian to Campanian (Upper Cretaceous)
Milk River Formation, Canada.
2011010122
英国南部瑞提阶环花粉超微结构 = The ul-
trastructure of some Rhaetian Circumpolles
from southern England. (英文). Zavialova N;
Buratti N; Roghi G. Grana, 2010, 49(4): 281-
299
The morphology and exine ultrastructure of
Classopollis torosus, C. meyeriana and Geo-
pollis zwolinskae are studied from the Cotham
Member of the Lilstock Formation (Penarth
Group) in southern England. The palynologi-
cal assemblage that allows dating the deposits
to the Rhaetian is outlined. Although the Cir-
cumpolles pollen grains under study show
variations in the exine ultrastructure, some
common characters support their origin from
the same plant group, the Cheirolepidiaceae.
An infratectum formed by large granulae ar-
ranged mostly in one row and sandwiched
between the tectum and endexine is consid-
ered as the key character of the pollen grains
under study. Ultrastructural transformations
within Circumpolles are discussed. The origin
of Classopollis-producing plants from any
plant group with saccate pollen and alveolate
ectexine is considered much less probable
than from a group with non-saccate pollen
with granular ectexine.
40
 2011010123
印 度 西 孟 加 拉 邦 Rakshitpur 煤 田
Rakshitpur 地区地下上二叠统和中生界层
序的孢粉地层学研究 = Palynostratigraphy of
subsurface Upper Permian and Mesozoic Suc-
cession, Rakshitpur area, Raniganj Coalfield,
West Bengal. ( 英 文 ). Vijaya. Palae-
oworld, 2011, 20(1): 61-74
In borehole RRK-1, Rakshitpur, Raniganj
Coalfield in Damodar Basin, the lithounits
identified in the interval of 115.00–610.00 m
are in unconformable contact with each other.
Tertiary sediments (115.00–179.70 m) that
contain Callialasporites, Araucariacites, and
Podocarpidites show continuity with the un-
derlying supra-trappean strata (179.70–
185.70 m). The two palynozones identified
within the Rajmahal Formation (Foraminis-
poris asymmetricus 179.70–185.70 m and Fo-
raminisporis wonthaggiensis 198.92–
216.63 m) suggest Valanginian to Barremian
age. The chocolate facies of the Panchet For-
mation (253.70–471.70 m) is devoid of pa-
lyniferous matter except at 260.55 m depth
where the Foraminisporis wonthaggiensis
assemblage of the younger horizon (inter-
trappean) continues to occur. Downwards, at
261.20–262.40 m depth, Permian taxa Striato-
podocarpites, Faunipollenites, and Densipol-
lenites are abundant, but Arcuatipollenites
pellucidus, Playfordiaspora cancellosa, and
Goubinispora indica are rare. Besides, Callia-
lasporites turbatus/C. microvelatus, first oc-
curred at 262.40 m depth, are still present in
the Panchet Formation. This kind of mixed
population of palynomorphs is suggestive of
disturbed zone in the deposite, and had hap-
pened at the on-set of volcanic activity in the
study area, and re-defines the status of this
part (253.70–262.40 m) to be infra-trappean.
Occurrence of pebble bed at 262.40–262.80 m
further supplements this hiatus. In the coal
horizon (471.70–610.00 m), two identified
palynoassemblages, Densipollenites magni-
corpus and Gondisporites raniganjensis, indi-
cate Late Permian age for this part of the
Raniganj Formation. Abundant wood shreads,
plant tissues in the chocolate facies of the
Panchet Formation and at intervals in the Coal
horizon suggest high-energy flow during
sedimentation in the study area.
2011010124
早泥盆世离散孢子 Emphanisporites 三个
种的外壁超微结构 = Wall ultrastructure in
three species of the dispersed spore Empha-
nisporites from the Early Devonian. (英文).
Taylor W A; Gensel P G; Wellman C H. Re-
view of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2011,
163(3-4): 264-280 9 图版.
Emphanisporites is a widely dispersed and
well recognized spore genus that ranges from
the Late Silurian throughout most of the De-
vonian. In this contribution, we present basic
ultrastructural details for three species in the
genus: E. rotatus, E. annulatus, and E.
schultzii (with one specimen possibly grading
into E. erratic-us). Under the TEM, spores are
variable - even within species - with respect to
presence of laminae, orientation of laminae,
presence of localized spongy layers, presence
and prominence of equatorial thickenings, and
overall exospore thickness, which ranges from
1.5 to 5.0 mu m. There are also common ele-
ments of the spore ultrastructure, including:
spongy zones at the base of sutures, and or-
namentation integral to exospores (as opposed
to perispore or para-exospore). Two features
that are present in some of the specimens may
offer insights into the vexing question of the
affinities of the parent plants of these spores.
Some specimens have both a single homoge-
neous lamina at the exospore surface, and a
structure we are calling a "pseudosuture",
which is a zone of weakness, similar to a
proximal suture, that occurs at the spore equa-
tor. Such a feature is known among extant
plant spores only among the hornworts. When
considering all the ultrastructural evidence
together, and comparing it to that known for
all extant plant spores, a case can be made for
production by both hornworts and lycopsids.
Thus, we conclude that the emphanoid condi-
tion (possessing proximate radially disposed
muri) likely arose in response to some as yet
unknown selective factor, and that members of
various groups adopted the form by conver-
gence.
2011010125
中国青藏高原东北部表土样品现代孢粉组
合以及它们和植物和气候之间的联系 =
Modern pollen assemblages of surface sam-
ples and their relationships to vegetation and
climate in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan
Plateau, China. (英文). Wei H C; Ma H Z;
Zheng Z; Pan A D; Huang K Y. Review of
Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2011, 163(3-4):
237-246 5 图版.
We use a data set of 86 surface pollen sam-
ples from moss polsters and surface soils from
northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau to ex-
plore the relationship between modern pollen
41
assemblages and contemporary vegetation
patterns. The samples span seven main vegeta-
tion zones from east to west: mountain forest,
alpine shrub, alpine meadow, temperate steppe,
steppe desert, shrub/semi-shrub desert and
desert. Principal components analysis (PCA)
was used to determine the relationships be-
tween modern pollen, vegetation, and regional
climatic gradients. The results show that the
major vegetation communities occurring today
in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
can be clearly differentiated by their modern
pollen assemblages. The representation of sur-
face pollen varies with genera and species. For
instance, relative to Betula, a low representa-
tion of Picea and Cupressaceae was found in
the forest zone. Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae
and Ephedraceae had high representation val-
ues, while Cyperaceae, and Nitraria showed
values in the middle range, and Poaceae, As-
teraceae, Tamarixaceae, Calligonum, Poly-
gonaceae, Ranunculaceae, Fabaceae, Scrophu-
lariaceae and Primulaceae had low representa-
tion values. Rosaceae have low representation
values in the sampling sites in alpine shrub
community where the dominant plant species
are Potentilla fruticosa and Potentilla glabra.
PCA results indicated a high correlation be-
tween the modern pollen assemblages and
mean annual precipitations (MAP) and July
temperature (T-july). The Ar-
temisia/Chenopodiaceae (A/C) ratio is sensi-
tive to variations in MAP in this region and is
a useful tool for qualitative and semi-
quantitative palaeoclimate reconstruction on
the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
2011010126
爱尔兰西部晚全新世农业和林地变化新
探，兼论中世纪早期罗斯康芒郡 Kilbegly
地 区 的 水平水 磨 = New insights into late
Holocene farming and woodland dynamics in
western Ireland with particular reference to
the early medieval horizontal watermill at
Kilbegly, Co. Roscommon. (英文). Overland
A; O'Connell M. Review of Palaeobotany and
Palynology, 2011, 163(3-4): 205-226 11 图版.
An early medieval horizontal watermill,
discovered during archaeological survey pre-
paratory to motorway construction, at the edge
of a small mire in Kilbegly Townland, County
Roscommon, provided the opportunity for
palaeoecological investigations of peat and
fossil moss-polster samples in a part of west-
ern Ireland where there have been few detailed
pollen analytical investigations. While the
data - pollen and macrofossil (moss) identifi-
cations and C-14 dating - relate mainly to the
early medieval period, analyses of a peat core
from the mire, and a moss sample that was
used as caulk in the trough of a burnt mound
(fulacht fiadh), extend the environmental re-
cord well into the Bronze Age (c. 1850 cal.
BC). Woodland and farming dynamics in the
late Holocene are reconstructed on the basis of
the investigations at Kilbegly and other sites
in the region. An overview of human impact,
and the intensity and nature of farming, since
the mid Iron Age (c. 350 cal. BC) in Ireland is
presented, based on a review of fossil pollen
evidence from key sites, with due considera-
tion being given to factors such as climate
change, and cultural and related developments.
The history of pine (Pinus sylvestris) and yew
(Taxus baccata) is considered in some detail.
The final demise of these species in the study
area had occurred by the 10th century AD.
2011010127
印度奥里萨邦 Mahanadi Master 盆地上冈
瓦 纳 孢 粉 植 物 群 = Upper Gondwana pa-
lynoflora of Mahanadi Master Basin, Orissa,
India. (英文). GOSWAMI S; MEENA K L;
DAS M; GURU B C. Acta Pa-
laeobotanica, 2008, 48(2): 171-181 3 图版.
Athgarh is the only Upper Gondwana Ba-
sin of Mahanadi Master Basin. Rich pa-
lynofloral diversity is recorded for this basin.
For the first time, an Upper Gondwana pa-
lynoflora is reported from the shales of a
megafossil locality, Saradia pahar, in the pre-
sent paper. Till the date the Upper Gondwana
palynofloral assemblage were recovered from
four different localities including Saradia pa-
har. The assemblage is composed of about 138
species in 59 genera. This flora is dominated
by gymnosperm pollen. Pteridophytic spores
are meagrely represented. On the basis of pa-
lynology it is inferred that the Athgarh Sand-
stone is Lower Cretaceous in age. No angio-
sperm element has been recorded so far from
this basin. Thus, its upper limit is within Al-
bian.
2011010128
石羊河流域盆地全新世孢粉记录及其对气
候系统争论的反应 = Holocene palynological
records and their responses to the controver-
sies of climate system in the Shiyang River
drainage basin. (英文). Li Yu;Wang NaiAng;
Li ZhuoLun; Zhang HuaAn. Chinese Science
Bulletin, 2011, 56(6): 535-546
42
 The Shiyang River drainage basin is located
in the northwest margin of the Asian monsoon
region. Previous studies reached different
conclusions about Holocene climatic changes
in the basin. Some studies suggested the
Holocene climatic changes were mainly con-
trolled by the Asian monsoon and that the
climate was relatively humid during the early
Holocene (11.6-7.1 cal ka BP). Other studies
found the mid-Holocene Climatic Optimum
(7.0-5.0 cal ka BP), and this climate condition
was similar to the Holocene westerly wind
pattern in arid Central Asia. The modern cli-
mate is affected by the Asian monsoon and
westerly wind in the drainage basin, and the
Holocene climatic records showed two differ-
ent Holocene climatic patterns-a westerly
wind pattern and monsoonal pattern. However,
it remains unclear what caused the two differ-
ent Holocene climatic patterns to co-exist in
the region. The palynological records are the
main evidence for the Holocene climatic
changes in the basin. This paper focuses on
palynological records for different parts of the
drainage basin. Among them, QTH02, QTL-
03 and Sanjiaocheng records are located in the
terminal lake, and the Hongshuihe record is
located in the middle reaches of the basin. In
the terminal lake, the palynological records of
QTH02 and QTL-03 are similar, but the San-
jiaocheng record differs. The difference is
mainly affected by the variable pollen assem-
blages in the different locations of the lake
basin. From comparison and synthesis of the
four palynological records, we concluded that
the millennial-scale Holocene climatic
changes were affected by the combined effects
of the Asian monsoon and westerly wind in
the drainage basin, which show the compli-
cated Holocene climatic pattern in the north-
west margin of the Asian monsoon.
2011010129
通过中国东北部松辽盆地晚白垩世-早古新
世沉积复合钻孔获得的孢粉学记录及其生
物地层意义 = Palynological record from a
composite core through Late Cretaceous-early
Paleocene deposits in the Songliao Basin,
Northeast China and its biostratigraphic impli-
cations. (英文). Li J; Batten D J; Zhang Y.
Cretaceous Research, 2011, 32(1): 1-12 6 图
版.
Two boreholes drilled approximately 75 km
apart in the Songliao Basin, Northeast China,
have together provided a composite core that
represents an almost continuous section
through Late Cretaceous-early Paleocene de-
posits. Eight biozones have been established
for this succession of seven formations based
on occurrences and associations of biostrati-
graphically significant palynomorph genera.
Seven of these suggest that there was more or
less continuous deposition from the late Tu-
ronian to the early Paleocene, with the eighth
encompassing a Miocene formation that over-
lies the succession unconformably. This zona-
tion provides a new chronostratigraphic
framework for the Late Cretaceous deposits of
the Songliao Basin. The ages of most of the
formations involved differ from those deter-
mined previously. One of the sedimentary
units, the Mingshui Formation, includes the
Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary, which seems
to be indicated by an apparent "mass extinc-
tion" of palynomorph taxa, a comparatively
rare occurrence outside North America. The
upper Quantou Formation, the lowest unit in
the succession, is dated as late Turonian-
Coniacian, which is much younger than previ-
ously thought. The same applies to the overly-
ing Qingshankou and Yaojia formations, and
also to the other three (Nenjiang, Sifangtai and
Mingshui) but to a lesser extent, in the con-
formable succession. The Early/Late Creta-
ceous boundary must now be located probably
below the Quantou Formation, either between
it and the underlying Denglouku Formation or
within the latter.
疑 源 类
2011010130
疑源类 Veryhachium Deunff 1954：分类学
评价和首现 = The acritarch genus Veryha-
chium Deunff 1954: Taxonomic evaluation
and first appearance. (英文). Servais T; Vecoli
M; Li J; Molyneux SG; Raevskaya E G;
Rubinstein C V. Palynology, 2007, 31(): 191-
203
Veryhachium Deunff 1954, originally de-
scribed from the Ordovician of western France,
is one of the most frequently recorded acri-
tarch genera. Over 250 species and subspecies,
from the Cambrian to the Neogene, have been
attributed to the genus. This genus has a sim-
ple morphology; it displays a triangular, rec-
tangular, or polygonal central vesicle, with a
few, simple processes drawn out from the an-
gles of the vesicle in a single plane, and some-
times with supplementary or auxillary proc-
esses arising from the vesicle body. Veryha-
chium has been emended and revised numer-
ous times. The number of valid species is ex-
cessive: most are probably synonyms. To fa-
cilitate effective classification, only a few
43
morphological categories should be retained.
For the Lower Paleozoic, the use of two in-
formal groups is proposed. These are the
Veryhachium trispinosum group for triangular
specimens, and the Veryhachium lairdii group
for rectangular forms. Although generally
abundant and widespread throughout the
Phanerozoic, Veryhachium is of limited bio-
stratigraphic, paleoecologic, or paleo-
geographic value. However, its First Appear-
ance Datum (FAD) is of great importance for
Ordovician stratigraphy; the first Veryha-
chiirm morphotypes appear in the Tremado-
cian Stage, making the genus an important
biostratigraphic marker.
2011010131
中国贵州东部乌溜-曾家崖剖面早—中寒武
世凯里组疑源类 = Acritarchs from the Early-
Middle Cambrian Kaili Formation in the
Wuliu-Zengjiaya section,east Guizhou,China.
(英文). 尹磊明;赵元龙;杨瑞东;彭进. 古生物
学报, 2010, 49(2): 164-173
我国贵州东部乌溜-曾家崖凯里组剖面作
为世界早-中寒武世界线层型侯选剖面,产出
良好保存的大型无脊椎动物化石(尤其是三
叶虫)。因此,更加详细研究该剖面海洋疑源
类的生物地层非常重要,将提供围绕界线的
生物和环境变化的细微记录。乌溜-曾家崖
剖面凯里组的疑源类划分两个组合,它们是
凯 里 组 0-52m 的 Leiomarginata simplex-
Fimbriaglomerella membranacea 组合和 52-
140m 的 Cristallinium cambriense -
Heliosphaeridium nodosum - Globosphaerid-
ium cerinum 组合。140-214m 仅有很少疑源
类标本,可能因为凯里组上部以白云岩为主,
不适宜有机壁微体化石的保存。距凯里组
底部往上约 52m 处疑源类组合出现重大变
化,无疑为解释沉积环境提供重要资料。两
疑源类组合间界线,位于 52.3-52.7m,此稍低
于被三叶虫 Oryctocephalusindicus 首现所指
示的全球寒武系第 5 阶潜在层型剖面界
线。
牙 形 石
2011010132
俄罗斯上石炭统牙形类带及其全球对比 =
Upper carboniferous conodont zones of Russia
and their global correlation. (英文). Goreva N
V; Alekseev A S. Stratigraphy and Geological
Correlation, 2010, 18(6): 593-606
The last decade has been marked by signifi-
cant progress in the study of the stratigraphic
ranges of the conodonts characteristic of the
Kasimovian and Gzhelian stages in shallow-
water sediments of the type sections in the
Moscow Basin and the deeper facies of the
South Urals. This paper discusses the history
of studies of the Upper Carboniferous cono-
dont zonation in Russia and abroad, and pro-
poses a refined zonal conodont scale for the
Kasimovian and Gzhelian stages, which may
be included, as a standard, into the general
Carboniferous scale of Russia. In this scale,
the Kasimovian and Gzhelian stages corre-
spond respectively to six (subexcelsus,
makhlinae, sagittalis, cancellosus, toretzianus,
firmus) and five (simulator, vitali, virgilicus,
bellus, wabaunsensis) zones. The proposed
scale works for the entire East European Plat-
form and the Urals from the Novaya Zemlya
Archipelago in the north to the Mugodzhary
Mountains in the south. These regions of Rus-
sia are occupied by Upper Carboniferous ma-
rine facies. At several levels (especially in the
Gzhelian Stage), the scale reliably correlates
with zones of the Missourian and Virgilian
stages in North America and also Dalaun and
Mapingian stages in China.
2011010133
波兰中部圣十字山地区中泥盆世碳酸盐台
地的发育: 牙形石 Bipennatus 动物群中的
新包含物 = Mid Devonian carbonate platform
development in the Holy Cross Mts. area (cen-
tral Poland): new constraints from the cono-
dont Bipennatus fauna. (英文). Harkiewicz K;
Narkiewicz M. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie
u. Palaontologie / Abhandlungen, 2010,
255(3): 287-300
A unique conodont assemblage dominated
by Bipennatus bipennatus montensis was re-
covered from the Zachelmie Quarry near the
top of the redefined and formally established
wojciechowice Formation. The formation
represents the earliest phase of Middle Devo-
nian carbonate platform development, an ex-
tensive shallow-water shelf with a flat bottom
relief and restricted dolomitic sedimentation.
The conodonts allow the age of this intal
phase to be constrained to the Eifelian costatus
Zone. The Bipennatus b. montensis level
represents the initial marine incursion into
extremely shallow-marine, intermittently ex-
posed dolomitic mud-flats. The conodont sub-
species was probably characterised by special-
ized palaeoenvironmental requirements since
it preferred not only shallow-water but also
low-energy conditions on the sheltered inner
shelf.
44
 2011010134
产自华南浙江碓边寒武纪第 9 阶底部被建
议金钉子处的牙形石：修订 = Conodonts
from the proposed GSSP for the base of Cam-
brian Stage 9 at Duibian, Zhejiang, South
China: A revision. (英文). Bagnolia G; Qi Yu-
Ping. Palaeoworld, 2011, 20(1): 8-14
The Duibian B section, Zhejiang Province,
South China, has been proposed as a GSSP
candidate for the base of the Stage 9, the sec-
ond stage of the Furongian Series, Cambrian.
The base of Stage 9 coincides with the first
appearance of the cosmopolitan agnostoid
Agnostotes orientalis. In the Duibian B section,
a small conodont fauna has been found about
10 m above the base of the A. orientalis Zone,
in an interval assigned to the Eolotagnostus
trilobite Zone. The conodont association with
species of Coelocerodontus, Furnishina,
Hertzina, Muellerodus, Phakelodus,
Proacodus, Prooneotodus, Prosagittodontus,
and Gen. et sp. indet., is assigned to the
Westergaardodina cf. calix–Prooneotodus
rotundatus Zone. Among the re-identified
conodont elements, Proconodontus muelleri is
not recognized.
2011010135
阿根廷 Paltodus deltifer 带（早奥陶世特马
豆克晚期）：洲际对比和古生物地理分析
的 牙 形 类 新 证 据 = The Paltodus deltifer
zone(Late Termadocian;Early Ordovician)In
Argentiana:New Conodont Data For Intercon-
tinental Correlation And Paleobiogeographic
Analysis. (英文). Albanesi G L; Zeballo F J;
Bergstrom S M. 古生物学报, 2007, 46(增刊):
16-22
为了提供跨越 Iapetus 海的区域和洲际对
比的新证据，文中分析阿根廷西北部
Cuyania 地块、Famatina 地块、东科迪勒拉
地块的晚特马豆克期 Paltodus deltifer 带。
Cuyania 动物群与同时期的劳伦动物群非常
相似，尽管它也含有一些 Baltoscandian 地
区的典型分子。利用高分辨率牙形类生物
地层学，Baltoscandian 的 P. Deltifer 带与
中-上 Rossodus Manitouensis 带（低分异度
间隔）和北美洲生物带框架的中-下
Macerodus dianae 带对比。Famatina 的混杂
的牙形类组合包含波罗的和劳伦大陆的分
子。东科迪勒拉 P. Deltifer 带的牙形类组合
可以识别出下部的 P.d.pristinus 亚带和上部
的 P.d.pristinus 亚带。在阿根廷盆地中东科
迪勒拉的牙形类动物群的分异度最大，包
括低纬度和高纬度动物群的典型分子。但
是，它仍由土著种类所主导。这表明在浅
海区可以识别一个新的古生物地理单元，
即冷水域的南冈瓦纳省。
小 壳 化 石
2011010136
中国寒武纪小壳化石的分类学和系统学研
究以及来自下寒武统梅树村剖面的可疑动
物和软体动物 = Zooproblematica and mol-
lusca from the Lower Cambrian Meishucun
section (Yunnan, China) and taxonomy and
systematics of the Cambrian small shelly fos-
sils of China. ( 英 文 ). Parkhaev P Yu;
Demidenko Yu E. Paleontological Jour-
nal, 2010, 44(8): 883-1161 79 图版.
The monograph presents the results of the
study of the Cambrian small shelly fossil
fauna of the Meishucun Locality (east of Yun-
nan Province, China), the reference section for
the Cambrian stratigraphy and paleontology of
China and the stratotype of the Meishucunian
Regional Stage. This publication contains a
monographic description of 66 species and 52
genera of zooproblematica and mollusks and
an annotated checklist of the small shelly fos-
sil species of the Cambrian of China. The
checklist includes 744 nominal species
(among them 508 species names are zooprob-
lematica, 220 species names are mollusks, and
16 names represent other groups of organ-
isms). A taxonomic revision of all mollusk
and zooproblematic taxa that have ever been
described from the Cambrian of China is made
at the species and generic levels. We propose
that, of the 508 checklisted species of zoo-
problematica, 221 species should be consid-
ered valid, 80 of them are considered as tenta-
tively valid, whereas of the 220 checklisted
species of mollusks, 92 species can be consid-
ered valid. It was found out that 28 species
names of zooproblematica and 7 species
names of mollusks should be considered as
nomina nuda, since their descriptions do not
satisfy the availability criterion. We have to
consider 20 species of mollusks and 18 spe-
cies of zooproblematica as nomina dubia, be-
cause these taxa have been described based on
unsatisfactory or fragmentary preserved mate-
rial lacking any diagnostic features. Based on
taxonomic work, it has been shown that the
great number of synonymous taxa resulted in a
more than double overestimation of the real
value of the nominal species biodiversity of
the Cambrian small shelly fossil fauna of
China. The following new taxa are described,
i.e. genera: Hexagonellus Demidenko, gen.
45
nov.; Asiapatella Parkhaev et Zhegallo, nom.
nov.; Dorispira Parkhaev, gen. nov.; and spe-
cies: Platyspinites elegans Demidenko, sp.
nov.; Mongolodus sulcus Demidenko, sp. nov.;
Hexagonellus kuzminae Demidenko, sp. nov.;
Halkieria wangi Demidenko, sp. nov.; Asiapa-
tella sinuata Parkhaev, sp. nov.; Pseudoscen-
ella levigata Parkhaev, sp. nov.; Trifistulella
tortilis Demidenko, sp. nov.
Based on the analysis of biostratigraphic
and chemostratigrahic data, we propose the
correlation of the Upper Precambrian-Lower
Cambrian boundary deposits of the Siberian
Platform and Yangtze Platform. According to
this correlation, the base of the Tommotian
Stage corresponds to the level within the mid-
dle of the Zhongyicun Member of the Zhu-
jiaqing Formation. The monograph contains
an extensive bibliography of 379 publications
on the subject.
2011010137
峡东水井沱组顶部微体骨骼化石初探 =
Note on small skeletal fossils from the upper-
most Shuijingtuo Formation(Early Cambrian)
In the Yangtze Gorge Area. (中文). 汪洋;李
勇;张志飞. 古生物学报 , 2010, 49(4): 511-
523
报道湖北宜昌地区寒武纪早期水井沱组
顶部灰岩中赋含的壳体动物群及一些骨骼
化石, 主要包括软舌螺、腕足动物、开腔骨
类骨针、海绵骨针、原始赫兹刺、阿纳巴
管、管状微体化石、单板类、古杯类等。
初步研究认为软舌螺可归属为 2 纲 3 目 8
科 9 属, 2 种、2 相似种和 6 未定种; 腕足动
物主要以乳孔贝和古圆货贝为主; 单板纲归
属为 1 科 3 属, 1 相似种、2 未定种; 分类位
置 不 明 的 Coleoloides cf.prindlei Loch-
man,1956 和 Coleolus sp.,归属 1 科 2 属,1 相
似种,1 未定种。这些骨骼化石中,古杯类
Archaeocyaths 和 9 个其他微体骨骼化石种:
如软舌螺四边螺类 Quadrotheca sp.,中槽螺
类 Altaicornus sp.,线带螺类 Linevitus sp.,似
软 舌 螺 类 Hyolithellus cf. micans Bil-
lings,1871 和 Coleoloides cf. prindlei Loch-
man,1956, 单 板 动 物 太 阳 女 神 螺 类
Securiconus sp.和 Igorella cf. minuta,以及腕
足动物乳孔贝类 Eohadrotreta zhenbaensis
Li and Holmer,在峡东地区水井沱组尚属首
次报道。该层位微体骨骼化石丰度大，分
异度较高，海绵骨针粗壮，骨骼化石保存
分散。
古 植 物 学
综 论
2011010138
《分类学》60 年 = Sixty years of Taxon. (英
文). Mabberley D J. Taxon, 2011, 60(1): 3-3
2011010139
俄罗斯马加丹地区 Arman 植物群以及阿尔
比期-古新世时期北太平洋植物群的发育 =
Arman' Flora of the magadan region and de-
velopment of floras in the North Pacific dur-
ing the Albian-Paleocene. (英文). Herman A
B. Stratigraphy and Geological Correla-
tion, 2011, 19(1): 71-86
The Arman' Flora from volcanogenic-
sedimentary deposits in the Arman' River ba-
sin and Naraula Formation in the Nel'kandzha-
Khasyn interfluve includes 82 species of fossil
plants comprising liverworts, horsetails, ferns,
caytonealeans, cycadaleans, ginkgoaleans,
czekanowskialeans, conifers, gymnosperms
incertae sedis, and angiosperms. The Arman'
Flora appears to be of Turonian-Coniacian age,
as it is close to the reliably dated Penzhina and
Kaivayam floras from the Northwest Kam-
chatka and to Tyl'pegyrgynai Flora of the Pe-
kul'nei Ridge. The dating is consistent with
isotopic dates (Ar-40/Ar-39 and U-Pb
SHRIMP) characterizing the age of plant-
bearing sequences. Based on the considered
position of the Arman' Flora in the scheme of
Cretaceous florogenesis, a leading role in that
florogenesis was played by the gradual inva-
sion of floras by new, angiosperm dominated,
plant communities. These communities ini-
tially populated unstable habitats in the coastal
lowlands of Northeast Asia and Alaska,
gradually invading with time the Asiatic in-
tracontinental areas. The peculiar combination
of Early and Late Cretaceous plants character-
istic of the Arman' Flora is strong evidence
that Cenophytic plant communities dominated
by angiosperms colonized areas still populated
in the Late Cretaceous by Mesophytic com-
munities. Absence of Mesophytic and Ceno-
phytic taxa mixing in the Arman' Flora burials
suggests a replacement of plant communities
as whole rather than of separate plants by
more advanced taxa.
2011010140
来自内盖夫（以色列）阿尔必期宏观和孢
粉植物群以及一个新的裸子植物形态分类
单元的描述 = New Albian macro- and pa-
lynoflora from the Negev (Israel) with de-
46
scription of a new gymnosperm morphotaxon.
(英文). Krassilov V; Schrank E. Cretaceous
Research, 2011, 32(1): 13-29 10 图版.
New plant macrofossil localities are found
in the middle-upper part of the Albian Upper
Hatira Formation of Makhtesh Qatan, an ero-
sion crater in the northern Negev. These are so
far the only outcrop localities in the Negev
containing plant compressions and well-
preserved sporomorphs. Their age assign-
ments are controlled by the ammonite Knemi-
ceras records below and above the plant-
bearing sequence in the adjacent Makhtesh
Hatira. The macrofossil assemblages are strik-
ingly different in the sandy fluvial and shaly
lacustrine facies, the former being dominated
by Araucaria, Athrotaxopsis, Brachyphyllum
and pinnatifid Sapindopsis, comparable at the
plant assemblage and leaf morphological lev-
els to the early to early late Albian assemblage
of the North American Potomac flora. The
lacustrine shale macrofossil assemblages ap-
pear archaic on account of their diverse pteri-
dophyte component and sparse angiosperm
remains. A new supposedly gnetophytic genus
and species Qataniaria noae Krassilov, gen. et
sp. nov. is dominant in the shale horizon. The
sporomorph assemblages are strongly domi-
nated by psilate trilete spores (87–93%). In the
absence of elaterate forms, the angiosperm
pollen Afropollis jardinus, Pennipollis, Tri-
colpites spp. and Walkeripollis sp. is consis-
tent with the early Albian age. The abundance
and diversity of conifers and the prominence
of the fern bog assemblage suggest a relatively
humid phase of the regional Albian climates.
2011010141
日本中部福井县 Izumi 地区侏罗纪卡罗夫
期手取群 Kaizara 组植物化石 = The plant
fossils from the Kaizara Formation (Callovian,
Jurassic) of the Tetori Group in the Izumi dis-
trict, Fukui Prefecture, Central Japan. (英文).
Yamada T; Uemura K. Paleontological Re-
search, 2008, 12(1): 1-17
The Middle Jurassic (Bathonian to Call-
ovian) Kaizara flora is proposed herein for the
plant fossil assemblage in the Kaizara Forma-
tion, Kuzuryu Subgroup, Tetori Group. In ad-
dition to Otozamites crassipinnatus sp. nov.,
twelve species are reported, including species
of Equisetales, uncertain order of pteri-
dosperms, Cycadeoideales, Cycadales, and
Coniferales. Some species have very thick
lamina, implying that the climate might in-
clude dry periods. All species found in the
Kaizara flora are new to the Tetori Group.
Therefore, the Tetori-type flora is restricted to
post-Callovian stages in the Tetori Group.
藻 类
2011010142
微体藻类模式标本保存：21 世纪科学需要
的 方 法 = Conservation of microalgal type
material: Approaches needed for 21st century
science. (英文). Day J G; Proschold T; Friedl
T; Lorenz M; Silva P C. Taxon, 2010, 59(1):
3-6
The current edition of the International code
of botanical nomenclature (Vienna Code) ac-
cepts cultures of fungi and algae as types pro-
vided that they are preserved in a metaboli-
cally inactive state. In this article the authors
outline a procedure for cryopreserving type
cultures at ultra-low temperatures (<-135 de-
grees C), thus ensuring that the material is
held in a stable, metabolically inactive state.
This procedure would allow direct access to
live-ex-type cultures, facilitating traditional
research as well as molecular, metabolomic
and proteomic studies.
2011010143
丹麦北海盆地东部新第三纪鞭毛藻囊孢生
物分带 = Neogene dinocyst zonation for the
eastern North Sea Basin, Denmark. (英文).
Dybkjaer K; Piasecki S. Review of Pa-
laeobotany and Palynology, 2010, 161(1-2):
1-29 10 图版.
A dinocyst zonation for the Neogene suc-
cession in the eastern part of the North Sea
Basin (Denmark) is presented. The zonation is
based on an extensive database comprising
data from more than fifty onshore and off-
shore boreholes and about twenty five out-
crops. Most of the nineteen dinocyst zones
described and defined herein, are new. The
zonation is correlated with previously pub-
lished dinocyst zonations within the North Sea
Basin, in the North Atlantic and with the re-
vised Northwest European zonation. The pre-
sented zonation gives a detailed subdivision of
the Oligocene-Miocene transition, of the
Lower Miocene, and of the Upper Miocene
and Pliocene successions. The previous zona-
tion of the onshore Danish Middle Miocene is
reconsidered and partly redefined.
The zonation is correlated with other bio-
stratigraphic subdivisions of the Neogene suc-
cession in the Danish region in addition to
litho- and sequence stratigraphy. The dinocyst
zonation and the foraminifer zonation of the
Danish Miocene (based upon analysis of the
47
same boreholes) were independently cali-
brated with the established nannoplankton
zonation. This correlation revealed a mis-
match generally corresponding to one nanno-
plankton zone.
Absolute ages of the new dinocyst zones are
proposed based on correlation from the stud-
ied succession within the North Sea Basin
with the international zonations and strati-
graphic schemes. In addition, parts of the suc-
cession have been dated by strontium isotope
analysis of mollusc shells. Inconsistencies due
to first and last occurrences of some dinocyst
species in previous studies and the present
study, especially within the Lower Miocene,
implied that new Sr-isotope datings from mol-
lusc shells from the cored Sdr. Vium borehole
and other localities in this study would be in-
valuable. Indeed, this method allowed the pre-
vious last occurrence of Cordosphaeridium
cantharellus (one of the zonal index fossils)
dated as between 17.95 My and 19.5 My in
previous studies, to be assigned a new dating
of 18.4 My. The timespan of the zones range
from 2.6 My for the Amiculospharea um-
braculum Zone to 0.4 My for the Achomos-
phaera andalousiensis Zone.
Neogene biostratigraphy in the North Sea
Basin has been problematic due to the periodi-
cally limited connection between the North
Sea Basin and the North Atlantic Ocean, espe-
cially with respect to stratigraphy based on
foraminifers and calcareous nannoplankton.
Many of the stratigraphically most important
taxa, e.g. those defining stratigraphic bounda-
ries in type sections, have not been found
within the North Sea Basin. This problem
seems to be solved by correlation based on the
new dinocyst stratigraphy, because strati-
graphically significant taxa do occur in the
North Sea deposits, even in marginal marine
settings.
2011010144
阿 根 廷 Zampal 地 区 上 白 垩 统 的
Lychnothamnus，Nitella 和 Tolypella(轮藻
类 ) = Upper Cretaceous Lychnothamnus,
Nitella and Tolypella (Charophyta) from
Zampal, Argentina. (英文). Musacchio E A.
Cretaceous Research, 2010, 31(5): 461-472 4
图版.
Fossil gyrogonite and oosporangia remains
belonging to the three extant Charoideae gen-
era Lychnothamnus, Nitella and Tolypella are
infrequent in pre-Tertiary sediments. The pre-
sent record is striking owing to the geographi-
cal provenance of these microfossils at the
same locality in west-central Argentina that
formed part of the continent of Gondwana,
which broke up during the Mesozoic. During
the Turonian–Santonian, the pair
Lychnothamnus-Nitella and the first record of
Lychnothamnus (Pseudoharrisichara) comb.
nov. are recognized as Gondwanan indicators.
However, some associated widespread genera
of Ostracoda warn of the possible coexistence
of different controls on the biogeographical
relationships in the region investigated. The
present Maastrichtian assemblage, character-
ized by several undoubtedly widely distributed
gyrogonite species of Charoideae, testifies to
conditions of considerable biogeographical
interchange after the Santonian.
2011010145
伊朗东北部 Shotori 山脉二叠系 Jamal 组
海松藻纲（codiacean）两属 Anchicodium
Johnson, 1946 和 Iranicodium（新属） =
The Codiacean Genera Anchicodium Johnson,
1946 and Iranicodium nov. gen. from the
Permian Jamal Formation of Shotori Moun-
tains, northeast Iran. ( 英 文 ). Senowbari-
Daryan B; Rashidi K. Rivista Italiana di Pale-
ontologia e stratigrafia, 2010, 116(1): 3-21
Anchicodium is morphologically straight,
curved, undulating or even irregular tapes and
not cylindrical as defined by previous authors.
Anchicodium is restricted to the Carbonifer-
ous-Permian time interval and known with 14
species, described by different authors. The
majority of species were initially established
by inadequte description and illustrations.
Iranicodium, a new genus of codiacean family
with type species I. asymmetricum nov. sp. is
similar to Anchicodium, but differs from ist by
having different skeletal elements on opposite
sides of the thallus tape.
2011010146
意大利西北部第三纪皮特蒙得盆地
Lithothamnion 属内 M. Airoldi 所建种的修
定和再描述 = Revision and re-documentation
of M. Airoldi's species of Lithothamnion from
the Tertiary Piedmont Basin (NW Italy). (英
文). Vannucci G; Quaranta F; Basso D. Ri-
vista Italiana di Paleontologia e strati-
grafia, 2010, 116(2): 223-235
The species originally attributed by Airoldi
to the genus Lithothamnion (L. roveretoi, L.
obstrusum, L. stefaninii) are here re-examined
upon the original material, descriptions and
illustrations. L. roveretoi and L. obstrusum are
confirmed to belong to the genus Lithotham-
48
nion, on the basis of their epithallial and sub-
epithallial morphology.
2011010147
沟鞭藻新属种 Pseudorhombodinium cingu-
loindentatum: 意大利西西里上始新统一新
的 有 机 质 - 壁 沟 鞭 藻 囊 胞 = Pseudorhom-
bodinium cinguloindentaqtum gen. n. sp. n.
(Dinoflagellata): A new orgaqnic-walled
dinoflagellate cyst from the Upper Eocene of
Sicily, Italy. (英文). Torricelli S. Rivista Ital-
iana di Paleontologia e stratigrafia, 2010,
116(2): 261-265
Pseudorhombodinium cinguloindentatum
consists of a brown coloured, circumcavate
wetzelielloid cyst with marked V-shaped cin-
gular indentations in the pericyst. The pro-
posed generic name refers to similarities exist-
ing in the overall morphology with the genus
Rhomhodinium Gocht. However, substantial
differences in archeopyle styling, in the dispo-
sition of antapical horns, and in the amount of
cingular identation, advocate the erection of
the new genus Pseudorhombodium.
2011010148
El Soplao 地区（西班牙 Cantabria）洞穴
中锰质叠层石 = Manganese stromatolites in
caves: El Soplao (Cantabria, Spain). (英文).
Rossi C; Lozano R P; Isanta N; Hellstrom J.
Geology, 2010, 38(12): 1119-1122
In the dark regions of caves, the formation
of stromatolites is virtually unknown. Al-
though Mn oxide crusts presumably induced
by bacteria have been described in some caves,
they lack stromatolite features, and the evi-
dence of microbial origin is normally incon-
clusive. Here we describe for the first time the
occurrence of extensive Mn oxide stromato-
lites formed in the deep interior of a cave. The
stromatolites are of decimeter thickness and
kilometer extent and show features extremely
similar to typical CaCO3 stromatolites. How-
ever, unlike most stromatolites, their biogenic-
ity is supported by the exceptional abundance
of fossil microbes. Our data support that the
stromatolites were mainly induced by chemo-
lithotrophic Mn-oxidizing microbes, and were
formed in a low-gradient water-table stream
passage at least 1 m.y. ago. The El Soplao
stromatolites (Cantabria, Spain) may contrib-
ute to increasing our understanding of micro-
bial life in extreme environments, as well as
the role of bacteria in the genesis of modern
and ancient Mn deposits.
2011010149
南极麦克默多海峡 AND-1B 岩心中早至中
上新世环境控制硅藻组合 = Early to mid-
Pliocene environmentally constrained diatom
assemblages from the AND-1B drillcore,
McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. (英文). Winter
D; Sjunneskog C; Harwood D. Stratigra-
phy, 2010, 7(2-3): 207-227
An extended lower to mid-Pliocene strati-
graphic record of near-shore environmental
variation in the southwestern Ross Sea, Ant-
arctica is preserved in ANDRILL's McMurdo
Ice Shelf Project AND-1B drillcore. A 94 me-
ter-thick sequence of three diatomite and dia-
tomaceous mudstone intervals represents the
highest latitude record (78 S) of persistent
open-marine conditions on the Antarctic con-
tinental shelf, in response to a protracted pe-
riod of Pliocene warmth. This core provides
new chronostratigraphic control for Antarctic
paleoclimatic events, and describes a sequence
of distinct diatom assemblages comprised of
both extant and extinct species that are un-
known on the Antarctic shelf today. Common
taxa include those with modern distributions
close to the Polar Frontal Zone (e.g. Shiono-
discus tetraoestrupii, Stellarima stellaris, Tha-
lassionema nitzschioides), suggesting marine
temperatures in the southwestern Ross Sea
warmer than at present. Representatives of the
modern sea-ice assemblage (e.g. Fragliariopsis
curia, Stellarima microtrias) and cold open-
marine species associated with the retreating
sea-ice front (e.g. Eucampia antarctica var.
recta) are also present, but in much lower
abundance than in the Ross Sea today as sug-
gested by core top and surface sample data.
The co-occurrence of species from these three
distinct modern environments in Pliocene
sediments, in close proximity to the continent,
suggests that Modern ecological zonal con-
cepts cannot be applied directly in Pliocene
paleoenvironmental analyses. Species present
in the 4 m-thick lowest diatomite unit (similar
to 4.5 Ma) indicate a cold open marine envi-
ronment, with the period of deposition likely
comprising the length of one interglacial pe-
riod. The middle diatomite unit (similar to 4.1-
4.3 Ma; 14m) records warmer and perhaps
seasonally mixed conditions with often abun-
dant Thalassionema nitzschioides and Shiono-
discus tetraoestrupii and little evidence of sea-
ice associated species. Documentation of
changes in diatom assemblages through the
upper 75m-thick diatomite interval (similar to
3.3-3.6 Ma) offers the opportunity to resolve
environmental limits of Pliocene diatom spe-
49
cies that will serve as a guide to diatom-based
paleoenvironmental interpretatioins for other
Pliocene deposits. This upper unit records
deposition during several glacial/interglacial
cycles indicating an extended interval with
open marine productivity during the mid-
Pliocene. In addition, environmental associa-
tions for extinct species are inferred by their
co-occurrence with extant taxa. Persistent in-
tervals of pure diatomite suggest high produc-
tivity in an open-marine setting and minimal
tip no influence of sea ice. Commonly occur-
ring species can be placed in five ecological
categories; Neritic/Stratified, Warm, Cold/Sea
Ice, Heavy/Wind Mixed and Mixed. Compari-
son of this long diatom-bearing interval with
coeval Antarctic deposits presents a regional
and continental picture of Pliocene warmth,
suggesting East Antarctic Ice Sheet was
smaller with sub-polar marginal conditions.
2011010150
Morphogenesis in Cyclotella ocellata —
complex from Lake El'gygytgyn (Chukchi
Peninsula) during the Pleistocene-Holocene
= 更新世-全新世期间 El'gygytgyn 湖（西伯
利亚东北端楚克奇半岛)Cyclotella ocellata
复 合 体 形 态 发 生 学 研 究 . ( 英 文 ). Chere-
panova M V; Usol’tseva M V; Pushkar V S;
Dubrovina Yu F. Paleontological Jour-
nal, 2010, 44(10): 1252-1261 6 图版.
The morphology of valves of Cyclotella
ocellata from bottom sediments of Lake
El’gygytgyn, Chukchi Peninsula, has been
studied with help of light and scanning elec-
tron microscopes. Considerable variability in
the morphology of valves and gradual elimi-
nation of forms with big valves were observed
upwards the section. The complex evolved by
phenotype selection: kuetzingina-morphotype
was replaced by ocellatamorphotype and, in
the latest Pleistocene, also by arctica-
morphotype. Changes in the valve morphol-
ogy were mainly caused by paleoclimatic fluc-
tuations.
2011010151
日本九州北部下白垩统淡水叠层石 = Lower
Cretaceous Fresh-Water Stromatolites from
Northern Kyushu, Japan. (英文). Yamamoto
A;Tanabe K; Isozaki Y. Paleontological Re-
search, 2009, 13(2): 139-149
Nonmarine stromatolites sporadically occur
in the Lower Cretaceous Kanmon Group in
northern Kyushu, Japan. We examined the
mode of occurrence and morphological varia-
tions of the stromatolites that were found in
the Wakino area, the stratotype of the Wakino
Subgroup of the Kanmon Group, and analyzed
their mineralogical compositions. These stro-
matolites occur at 7 horizons all from mud-
stone-dominant facies of the Barremian Lower
Wakamiya Formation. The associated tepee
structure, mud cracks, and gypsum pseudo-
morphs suggest that the stromatolites of the
Lower Wakamiya Formation were deposited
in extremely shallow-water environments with
intermittent subaerial exposure. The studied
stromatolites comprise 3 distinct morphotypes:
flat, columnar, and nodular. XRD analysis
confirms that all 3 types have the same min-
eralogical composition, i.e., calcite, quartz,
and clay minerals. They are composed of al-
ternating clastic layers and calcareous layers,
or alternating siliciclastic carbonate layers and
organic carbon-rich carbonate layers on a
submillimeter scale. Based on their morpho-
logical characteristics, a sequential transition
is suggested from the flat type to columnar
type, then to nodular type. The columnar type
has the greatest morphological variety, and
shows a characteristic pattern of branching in
which the bifurcation always initiates from an
episodically intervened thick layer of silici-
clastics. This suggests that the branching of
stromatolite columns is likely triggered by
blocking the upward growth of bacterial mats
with intermittent supply of a thick sediment
cover.
2011010152
日本东北部更新世 Shiobara 群硅藻纹层岩
中的埋葬过程 = Taphonomic Processes in
Diatomaceous Laminites of the Pleistocene
Shiobara Group (Caldera-Fill, Lacustrine),
Northeastern Japan. (英文). Tuzino T; Maeda
H; Maeda Y. Paleontological Research, 2009,
13(3): 213-229
Diatomaceous laminites of the Pleistocene
Shiobara Group (caldera fill), located in the
volcanic front of the Northeastern Japan Arc,
are the profundal facies of palaeo-Shiobara
Lake. The laminites are subdivided into five
types: clastic (Type A), diatom-preserved
(Type B), porcelainised (Type C), double
(Type D) and reversal (Type E). These varie-
ties are mostly induced by lithification, due to
localised hydrothermal alteration represented
as the diatom frustules' transformation from
opal-A to opal-CT. Type B laminite alters to
Type C, Type D and finally Type E laminite
in a progressive order. As alteration proceeds,
the rock become more consolidated, and lam-
ina texture changes from porous to massive.
50
Exceptionally, Type A laminite, composed of
grey terrigenous lamina, shows almost no
changes, because of its poor content of diatom
frustules. Type B laminite, composed of po-
rous white diatomaceous lamina and grey ter-
rigenous lamina, is replaced by Type C lami-
nite, composed of tightly packed opal-CT le-
pispheres. Type D laminite is represented as a
set of four laminae; grey, white-1, black, and
white-2, in upwardsequence. The black lami-
nae result from additional reprecipitation
within the white laminae, and laterally fade.
Type E laminite is the last stage of the altera-
tion series of the laminites in Shiobara and
consists of thin couplets of grey and black
laminae. White laminae completely alter to
black laminae. These laminite variations are
likely derived from alteration by hydrothermal
water associated with the caldera. Whereas
Type A and B laminites are widely distributed
in the basin, the distribution of Type C is re-
stricted. Type D and E laminites are found
only at one quarry which yields exceptionally
well preserved megafossils: mice, frogs, a
feather, fishes, and insects. We hypothesise
that such silica transformation may have con-
tributed to preservation of the megafossils by
stabilization of the remains of biota and pro-
tection of the remains against dissolution.
2011010153
湖北三峡地区纽芬兰统岩家河组的宏体藻
类化石 = Fossil macroscopic algae from the
Yanjiahe Formation,Terreneuvian of the Three
Gorges Area,South China. (中文). 郭俊锋;李
勇;舒德干. 古生物学报 , 2010, 49(3): 336-
342
文中报道湖北宜昌纽芬兰统岩家河组小
壳化石Ⅰ、Ⅱ组合之间的宏体藻类化石:中
华 细 丝 藻 属 Sinocylindra, 崆 岭 藻 属
Konglingphyton, 约克那斯藻属 Yuknessia 和
文德带藻属 Vendotaenia。通过对宏体藻类
化石研究, 表明它们无论从保存形式还是形
态特征上看, 带有庙河生物群的色彩, 同时
与牛蹄塘生物群和澄江生物群可能也有一
定的联系, 这为研究宏体藻类的辐射、演化
提供了化石依据。
2011010154
螺旋状藻类化石的旋向探讨 = Twining di-
rection of the Early Cambrian helically coiled
algae fossils. (中文). 郝宝鞘;郝剑. 古生物学
报, 2010, 49(3): 343-347
藻类作为地球上已知最早的生命形式之
一,对研究生命的早期进化至关重要。在用
醋酸浸泡处理寒武系筇竹寺阶生物屑灰岩
后,获得一些磷酸盐化的微体藻类化石,它们
的管体均呈螺旋状旋转。这种旋转现象在
现生的动物界和植物界中也广泛存在,特别
是在植物界的藤蔓植物中。其中,藤蔓植物
产生这种不同旋转方向的原因,大多数学者
将其成因归因于微管定向。文中对获得的
呈螺旋状的微体藻类化石 Spirellus colum-
naris 进行描述,并对该藻体化石的旋转方向
和成因进行推测和讨论。
2011010155
早 古 新 世 一 个 沟 鞭 藻 囊 孢 新 种
Trithyrodinium partridgei：生物地层意义
和古生态 = A new early Paleocene dinoflag-
ellate cyst species, Trithyrodinium partridgei:
its biostratigraphic significance and pa-
laeoecology. (英文). Willumsena P S; Vajda
V. Alcheringa, 2010, 34(4): 523 - 538
A palynological investigation of lower Pa-
leocene (lower Teurian) marine sediments of
the Abbotsford Formation, exposed in the
Fairfield Quarry, Dunedin, New Zealand, re-
veals a well-preserved association of dinoflag-
ellate cysts and miospores. Thirty-six
dinoflagellate species representing 26 genera
were recorded, including one new peridinioid
dinoflagellate species, Trithyrodinium par-
tridgei characterized by a three-layered wall
and a distinct brown, foveolate mesophragm.
Trithyrodinium partridgei has a narrow range
and at Fairfield Quarry co-occurs with typical
New Zealand late Danian to Selandian index
species such as Glaphyrocysta perforata and
Alterbidinium pentaradiatum; hence it may
prove an additional useful stratigraphic marker.
The terrestrial palynomorph assemblage from
samples within the range of Trithyrodinium
partridgei includes 36 spore-pollen species
dominated by the podocarp pollen Phyllo-
cladidites mawsonii. The presence of Not-
hofagidites waipawaensis and Tricolpites phil-
lipsii confirms a Paleocene age for the assem-
blage. The abundance of terrestrial palyno-
morphs and the composition of the dinocyst
assemblages suggest a marine nearshore depo-
sitional environment.
2011010156
阿根廷圣胡安前科迪勒拉东部上寒武统形
态属-Favosamaceria 的凝块叠层石（微生
物礁） = Thrombolites (microbial reefs) of
the form-genus Favosamaceria In the Upper
Cambrian of the eastern Precordillera, San
Juan, Argentina. (其他). Raviolo M M; Bor-
51
donaro O L; Pratt B R. Ameghiniana: Revista
de la asociacion Paleontologica Argen-
tina, 2010, 47(3): 331-341
In the upper part of the La Flecha Forma-
tion (Furongian, Upper Cambrian) of the east-
ern Precordillera, Argentina, there are abun-
dant, metre-sized, domical patch-reefs flanked
by peloidal and intraclastic grainstone. These
shallow-water reefs are thrombolites and they
consist of a radial-columnar microbial frame-
work composed mainly of clotted micrite with
subordinate micrite, peloids and lumps. In
between the framework elements are intraclas-
tic and bioclastic peloidal grainstones. In lon-
gitudinal section the framework appears as
upward-radiating, branching and anastomos-
ing columns which in transverse section range
from roughly circular, elongate, lobate, or
labyrinthiform in outline. Morphologically
they conform to the form-genus Favosa-
maceria Shapiro and Awramik. However, de-
spite partial dolomitization, they do not ex-
hibit the distinct secondary microstructure
diagnostic of the type form-species, F. cooperi
Shapiro and Awramik. Accordingly, the
thrombolites are placed in a new taxon -F.
precordillerana forma-sp. nov.- which is char-
acterized by a primary clotted and peloidal
micritic microstructure.
2011010157
俄罗斯堪察加地区东部 Kronotskii 湾始新
世中-晚期硅鞭藻 = Silicoflagellates of the
middle-early Late Eocene of the Kronotskii
Bay (Eastern Kamchatka). (英文). Tsoy I B.
Stratigraphy and Geological Correla-
tion, 2011, 19(1): 87-101
The most complete characterization of Dic-
tyochophyceae (silicoflagellate) assemblages
from sediments of the Kronotskii Bay, Eastern
Kamchatka, which are typical of the Corbi-
sema hexacantha (Middle Eocene) and Navi-
culopsis foliacea (terminal middle-initial Late
Eocene) zones in the tropical/subtropical
zonation by Bukry (1981), is considered for
the first time. In total, 43 silicoflagellate spe-
cies of 8 genera are identified. The prevalence
of species of the genera Corbisema and Dic-
tyocha in the assemblages suggest warm, close
to subtropical conditions in a sea basin that
existed in the Eastern Kamchatka region dur-
ing the Middle-Late Eocene
真 菌
2011010158
厚顶盘菌目（子囊菌门：茶渍纲）的主要
分支以及与地衣相关和不相关谱系间的线
系关系 = Major clades and phylogenetic rela-
tionships between lichenized and non-
lichenized lineages in Ostropales (Ascomy-
cota: Lecanoromycetes). (英文). Groeninckx I;
Ochoterena H; Smets E; Dessein S.
Taxon, 2010, 59(5): 1483-1494
The fungal order Ostropales is unique in
Ascomycota for including both lichen-forming
and non-lichenized species and species with
optional nutritional strategies depending on
substrate. To address the phylogenetic rela-
tionships within the order, we assembled a
dataset of 78 ostropalean species, including all
major clades and 23 taxa that are only option-
ally lichenized or non-lichenized. The analy-
ses are based on sequences of the mtSSU and
nuLSU rDNA and the protein-coding gene
RPB2. A close relationship of Graphidaceae
and Gomphillaceae is suggested with the latter
possibly nested within Graphidaceae. Odon-
totremataceae is composed of two distantly
related groups. Coenogoniaceae and Porina-
ceae are sister taxa, and their relation to
Gyalectaceae is unresolved. Gyalecta is para-
phyletic with Belonia and Pachyphiale nested
within. A polyphyletic Belonia indicates that
perithecioid ascomata evolved more than once
in Gyalectaceae. The new family Sagio-
lechiaceae is proposed to accommodate Rhex-
ophiale and Sagiolechia and Solorinellaceae is
reinstated distinct from Gomphillaceae. Belo-
nia and Pachyphiale are reduced to synonymy
with Gyalecta. The distribution of phenotypi-
cal character states is discussed with selected
character states mapped onto a phylogenetic
tree. A special focus is given on lifestyles. Our
phylogeny suggests that there is more plastic-
ity in the evolution of life-styles in these fungi
than was previously assumed.
2011010159
基于分子和形态学证据对 Vuilleminia 属
（担子菌门）进行的种系发生学和分类学
研究，以及对 Corticiales 的新看法 = Phy-
logeny and taxonomy of the genus Vuil-
leminia (Basidiomycota) based on molecular
and morphological evidence, with new in-
sights into Corticiales. ( 英 文 ). Ghobad-
Nejhad M; Nilsson R H; Hallenberg N.
Taxon, 2010, 59(5): 1519-1534
Vuilleminia is a corticioid genus common
in Europe whose species inhabit decaying and
dead attached wood of angio-sperms. To ex-
amine the circumscription of the genus and the
52
phylogenetic relationships among its species,
we analyzed nuclear ribosomal sequence data
from the ITS region and the LSU gene with
maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods
and also studied morphological characters.
Our results challenge the notion that spore size
and host specificity are critically important
factors in delimiting species of Vuilleminia. A
taxonomic summary of the accepted species in
Vuilleminia is provided. Vuilleminia species
described from the South America and Africa
are demonstrated to be distinct from those of
the north temperate region. Australovuil-
leminia coccinea gen. & sp. nov. is proposed
for the taxon previously reported as V. co-
medens from New Zealand. Punctu-lariopsis
gen. nov. is proposed for V. subglobispora
described from Argentina (= Punctulariopsis
subglobispora) and V.obducens from Ethiopia
(= Punctulariopsis obducens). Vuilleminia is
shown to be a monophyletic genus, apparently
north hemispheric, and currently comprises
six species. Vuilleminia together with the
closely related genera Cytidia and Aus-
tralovuilleminia form a well-supported clade
clade) and the family name Vuilleminiaceae is
resurrected to recognize this clade. Vuil-
leminia quercina (= Corticium quercicola) is
not closely related to the other Vuilleminia
species and is instead nested in a completely
different clade (Corticium clade). A new ge-
nus Marchandiopsis is erected for this taxon.
2011010160
根据真菌有性阶段特征命名的局限性 =
Teleotypification of fungal names and its limi-
tations. (英文). Gams W; Jaklitsch W M; Kir-
schner R; Reblova M. Taxon, 2010, 59(4):
1197-1200
Article 59.7 of the ICBN (Vienna Code)
allows the epitypification of a name of a fun-
gus, known until then only as an anamorph,
with teleomorphic material in order to avoid
introducing an additional name. Redhead sug-
gested calling this procedure teleotypification.
We demonstrate that it is not desirable to ap-
ply teleotypification to newly discovered
teleomorphs of fungi for which a suitable
teleomorph genus is available. Describing a
newly found anamorphic fungus under a
teleomorph-typified generic name may be de-
fended, provided generic homogeneity is
proven with molecular methods and no suit-
able anamorph genus is available. Alternative
proposals will be submitted to either return to
the previous situation without teleotypification
or to restrict teleotypification explicitly to
cases where the original genus is monotypic or
at least clearly monophyletic, and no suitable
teleomorph genus is available.
2011010161
石蕊科形态多样性：由灌木状的 Cladia 种
（茶渍目，长满青苔的子囊菌门植物）演
化而来的多叶属 Heterodea = Morphological
disparity in Cladoniaceae: The foliose genus
Heterodea evolved from fruticose Cladia spe-
cies (Lecanorales, lichenized Ascomycota).
(英文). Parnmen S; Rangsiruji A; Mongkol-
suk P; Boonpragob K; Elix J A; Lumbsch H T.
Taxon, 2010, 59(3): 841-849
Phylogenetic relationships of the genera
Cladia and Heterodea were reconstructed us-
ing a combined dataset of nuclear ITS, nuclear
LSU and mitochondrial SSU rDNA sequences.
Based on different analyses (Bayesian ap-
proach, maximum parsimony, maximum like-
lihood), the ingroup (Cladia + Heterodea) is
strongly supported as monophyletic. Pilopho-
rus strumaticus has a well supported sister-
group relationship to the ingroup and together
they form a sister group with a well-supported
clade, which includes Metus conglomeratus
and Pycnothelia papillaria. The Shimodaira-
Hasegawa test and the ELW test significantly
rejected monophyly of Cladia excluding Het-
erodea. Within Cladia three main clades can
be distinguished which share morphological
and chemical characters. The position of the
foliose genus Heterodea within the fruticose
Cladia is supported by anatomical and chemi-
cal characters. The species of clade II that in-
cludes two Cladia species and Heterodea share
a similar type of upper cortex and two-layered
medulla with an inner or lower medulla con-
sisting of dark pigmented, thick-walled hy-
phae. Our phylogenetic estimate and the ana-
tomical studies indicate that the foliose thallus
of Heterodea originated from pseudopodetia
of Cladia. It is discussed that the species cur-
rently classified in Cladia and Heterodea need
to be placed in the same genus.
地衣植物与苔藓植物
2011010162
波罗的海和比特费尔德琥珀中苔藓植物的
新纪录 = New record of bryophytes from Bal-
tic and Bitterfeld amber. (英文). Frahm J P.
Acta Palaeobotanica, 2008, 48(2): 183-190 16
图版.
Twenty one specimens from ten species of
mosses are reported from Baltic and Bitterfeld
amber, all of them already known from the
53
Eocene. Four of them (Campylopodiella hima-
layana, Ctenidium capillifolium, Haplocla-
dium angustifolium, Hypnodontopsis mexi-
cana) are extant species which still exist,
mainly in E- and SE-Asia. Two species
(Brotherella tortifolia and Hypnodontopsis
casparyi) are extinct species of extant genera.
Four species (Hypnites subflagellaris, Hyp-
nites complanatus, Hypnites flagelliferus, Se-
matophyllites planus) are pleurocarpous
mosses described in form genera. Semato-
phyllites planus J.-P. Frahm is described here
as new. The new combination Hypnites sub-
flagellaris (Caspary & G.A.Klebs) J.-P. Frahm
is made for Dicranites subflagellaris Caspary
& G.A.Klebs to express that this is a pleuro-
carpous moss of the Hypnaceae and not an
acrocarpous moss. A list of all moss species
recorded from Baltic and Bitterfeld amber is
given.
蕨类植物（广义）
2011010163
加拿大 New Brunswick 省 Emsian 地区泥
盆纪石松类 Leclercqia 的一个新种 = A new
species of the Devonian lycopod genus, Le-
clercqia, from the Emsian of New Brunswick,
Canada. (英文). Patricia G Gensel; Andrew E
Kasper, Jr. Review of Palaeobotany and Paly-
nology, 2005, 137(3-4): 105-123 6 图版.
A new species of the fossil lycopsid genus,
Leclercqia, is reported from the Early Devo-
nian (Emsian) of northern New Brunswick,
Canada. The plant remains consist of do-
chotomizing axes covered with numerous,
small, closely spaced leaves. The leaves are
laminar and divided distally into five seg-
ments which curve upwards. An ellipsoidal
sporangium attaches to the adaxial surface,
proximal to divisions, of many leaves. Spo-
rangia contain abundant and well-preserved
spores assigned to the sporae dispersae genus
Acinosporites. The habit of the plant is pro-
posed to be that of an herbaceous lycopsid.
Leclercqia andrewsii differs from the type
species, L. complexa, in the organization of its
leaf segments: all five segments curve or bend
upward after the point of forking. The genus
has previously been described from mostly
Middle Devonian sediments of North America,
South America (Venezuela), Australia
(Queensland), and Europe, and also from the
Early Devonian of North America. This ac-
count adds another Emsian occurrence of the
genus Leclercqia in North America, docu-
ments a new species, and presents evidence of
novel variation in early Devonian leclercqioid
lycopsids relative to those present in the Mid-
dle Devonian.
2011010164
中国西南部云南省晚二叠世矿化的树蕨
Psaronius housuoensis 新种研究 = Studies
on the Late Permian permineralized tree fern
Psaronius housuoensis sp nov from Yunnan
Province, southwest China. (英文). D'Rozario
A; Sun B; Galtier J; Wang S J; Guo W Y; Yao
Y F; Li C S. Review of Palaeobotany and Pa-
lynology, 2011, 163(3-4): 247-263 6 图版.
Psaronius housuoensis sp. nov. is described
from the Upper Permian Xuanwei Formation
deposits of Housuo Coal Mine, Fuyuan
County. Yunnan Province, southwest China,
adding to the marattialean fern community of
the Cathaysian flora. The permineralized stem
shows a polycyclic dictyostele with five leaf
traces arranged in a helical manner and exhib-
iting 2/5 phyllotaxy. Vascular bundles ar-
ranged in 6 concentric rings with cauline bun-
dles in 5 radial rows. Stem bound externally
by a peripheral sclerenchyma sheath. Leaf
trace configuration comprised of three vascu-
lar bundles resulting from the division of a
single originally C-shaped strand. Ground tis-
sue replaced with coprolites and sediments.
Stem surrounded by a thick mantle of roots.
Occurrence of coprolites within the stem indi-
cates well developed plant-animal interaction
during the Late Permian times and that the
habitat in which Psaronius grew was abound-
ing with diversity of arthropod or the oribatid
mite community preferring the rotting P.
housuoensis sp. nov. stem ground tissue as a
suitable microenvironment for shelter. Evolu-
tionary pattern of leaf trace development is
described in the new species and its possible
ecological significance.
2011010165
匈牙利里阿斯统（早侏罗世）化石蕨类枝
脉蕨和 Todite 的系统学和古环境研究 =
Systematic and palaeoenvironmental investi-
gations of fossil ferns Cladophlebis and To-
dites from the Liassic of Hungary. ( 英 文 ).
Barbacka M; Bodor E. Acta Pa-
laeobotanica, 2008, 48(2): 133-149 9 图版.
Macrofossil plant remains of the genera
Cladophlebis Brongniart and Todites Seward
are very common in the Mecsek Mountains
(southern Hungary). They are represented by
the following species: Cladophlebis
haiburnensis (Lindley&Hutton) Brongniart, C.
denticulata (Brongniart) Fontaine, C. roesserti
54
(Schenk) Saporta, Todites goeppertianus
(Münster) Krasser, and T. princeps (Presl)
Gothan. The taxonomical investigation of
these genera was preceded by the study of
their morphological variability within both
taxa. The present paper gives taxonomical
description and palaeoecology of the fossil
taxa from Hungary.
2011010166
辽宁西部侏罗纪具有营养叶和生殖叶的紫
萁根茎化石及原位孢子 = An osmundaceous
rhizome with sterile and fertile fronds and in
situ spores from the Jurassic of western Liaon-
ing. (英文). Yang XiaoJu; Zhang Wu; Zheng
ShaoLin. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2010,
55(34): 3864-3867
A well-preserved permineralized osmunda-
ceous fern was discovered from the Middle
Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation of Beipiao,
Liaoning Province, China. The rhizome is
about 50 cm high and 35-41 cm in diameter
and can be attributed to the genus Ashicaulis
on the basis of its anatomy. The sterile pinnae
are referable to Cladophlebis, the fertile pin-
nules are of the Todites type with in situ
spores of the Osmundacidites type. Osmunda-
ceous rhizomes have been found all over the
world including the Jurassic strata of western
Liaoning, China. Until now, however, no rhi-
zomes have been reported to be organically
connected with leafy organs. Although im-
pressions and compressions of isolated os-
mundaceous sterile and fertile fronds are
common, they were described under separate
organ- or morpho-generic names, such as To-
dites and Cladophlebis. The new discovery
provides an opportunity to study an osmunda-
ceous fern in 'whole plant concept' to learn
more about its morphology and structure, and
the paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental re-
qurirements of this group
早期种子植物
2011010167
捷克共和国石炭纪的两种种子植物化石
Cordaites schatzlarensis ( 新 种 ) 和
Samaropsis newberryi (Andrews) Seward =
Cordaites schatzlarensis sp. nov. and Sama-
ropsis newberryi (Andrews) Seward from the
Westphalian (Carboniferous) of the Žacléř
area (Czech Republic). (英文). Šimůnek Z;
Libertín M. Review of Palaeobotany and Pa-
lynology, 2006, 138(1): 43-62 6 图版.
The monotonous cordaitalean leaves are
usually difficult to determine as leaf shape and
venation can be similar in many species.
Therefore cuticular analysis is an important
method for distinguishing cordaitalean leaves.
Pennsylvanian Cordaites schatzlarensis nov.
sp. comes from the Žacléř locality in the Intra-
sudetic Basin, Czech Republic. It has been
found in mudstone accompanying the upper
coal seams No. 9 and 10 of the Jan Šverma
Coals, Lampertice Member, Žacléř Formation
and are late Duckmantian in age. The leaves
of Cordaites schatzlarensis are lanceolate,
amphistomatic. Stomata of the adaxial epi-
dermis are scarce, isolated, or in very short
stomatal rows. In contrast, the density of sto-
mata on the abaxial cuticle is high and stomata
are arranged into single or double stomatal
rows. The cuticles of C. schatzlarensis are
comparable with the Chinese Upper Permian
C. baodeensis Ge. Leaves can be narrow,
comparable to French Bolsovian Dorycor-
daites zeilleri Ledran, or relatively wide. Ac-
companying big seeds more than 5 cm in di-
ameter are attributed to Samaropsis newberryi
(Andrews) Seward. The pith casts Artisia
Sternberg were found in sandy channel fill
deposits.
裸 子 植 物
2011010168
舌羊齿植物群 Gangamopteris 属的形态重
要性 = Morphological consequence of Gan-
gamopteris McCoy in Glossopteris flora. (英
文). Srivastava A K; Agnihotri D. Journal of
Asian Earth Sciences, 2010, 39(6): 760-769
The leaves of Gangamopteris McCoy are
the dominant constituent of Glossopteris flora
in Lower Permian sequences of Gondwana.
Morphologically leaves are similar with Glos-
sopteris Brongniart in having reticulate vena-
tion pattern but differ in the absence of midrib.
Large number of plant fossils collected from
the The leaves of Gangamopteris McCoy are
the dominant constituent of Glossopteris flora
in Lower Permian sequences of Gondwana.
Morphologically leaves are similar with Glos-
sopteris Brongniart in having reticulate vena-
tion pattern but differ in the absence of midrib.
Large number of plant fossils collected from
the carbonaceous shale samples of Barakar
coal seams (Lower Gondwana) of Satpura
Gondwana Basin, India indicates the presence
of number of specimens of Gangamopteris
belonging to sixteen species including two
new species viz., Gangamopteris sethiaensis
sp. nov. and Gangamopteris satpuraensis sp.
nov.
55
 The morphological diversity, stratigraphical
distribution and character affiliation of Gan-
gamopteris demonstrate its organizational in-
volvement towards the development of Glos-
sopteris and signify the evolutionary lineage
in Glossopteridales. carbonaceous shale sam-
ples of Barakar coal seams (Lower Gondwana)
of Satpura Gondwana Basin, India indicates
the presence of number of specimens of Gan-
gamopteris belonging to sixteen species in-
cluding two new species viz., Gangamopteris
sethiaensis sp. nov. and Gangamopteris satpu-
raensis sp. nov. The morphological diversity,
stratigraphical distribution and character af-
filiation of Gangamopteris demonstrate its
organizational involvement towards the de-
velopment of Glossopteris and signify the
evolutionary lineage in Glossopteridales.
2011010169
日本中部上新世晚期群以水杉属和水松属
为主的化石森林植被重建 = Paleovegetation
reconstruction of fossil forests dominated by
Metasequoia and Glyptostrobus from the late
Pliocene Kobiwako Group, central Japan. (英
文). Yamakawa C; Momohara A; Nunotani T
et al.. Paleontological Research, 2008, 12(2):
167-180
A late Pliocene (1.8-1.9 Ma) wetland fossil
forest community that was dominated by Me-
tasequoia and Glyptostrobus was recon-
structed based on the species composition of
the stumps and other plant macrofossil assem-
blages. The plant fossils were recovered from
a fossil forest preserved in deposits of the Ko-
biwako Group that are exposed in the Echi
River, Shiga Prefecture, central Japan. Fossil
wood of Metasequoia and Glyptostrobus was
distinguished based on anatomical characteris-
tics. Apportionment of the wood from differ-
ent horizons in the fossil forest indicates Me-
tasequoia grew over a long period of time in a
stable environment, while Glyptostrobus and
Alnus grew in unstable environments charac-
terized by short-interval floods. The fossil
forest as a whole represents a fluvial back-
marsh environment.
The upland forest was composed of mixed
evergreen conifers and deciduous broad-
leaved trees including Chamaecyparis pisifera,
Tsuga, Magnolia, and Acer. Aquatic and wet-
land herbs such as Cyperus, Carex, Scirpus,
Polygonum, and Menyanthes grew in and
around the wetland forest. The assemblage of
fossil plants recovered from the fossil forest
consists of plants that are currently distributed
in the cool temperate climate zone, such as
Picea, Thuja, Betula maximowicziana, Ptero-
carya rhoifolia, and Menyanthes trifoliata.
Glyptostrobus is distributed only in subtropi-
cal areas at present, but it also grew under a
cool temperate climate zone in Japan during
the latest Pliocene.
2011010170
中国晚古生代营养叶显示与苏铁目关系更
近于本内苏铁,故需重新评价古生代 Ptero-
phyllum 的种 = Late Palaeozoic foliage from
China displays affinities to Cycadales rather
than to Bennettitales necessitating a re-
evaluation of the Palaeozoic Pterophyllum
species. (英文). Pott C; Mcloughlin S; Lind-
strom A. Acta palaeontologica Polonica, 2010,
55(1): 157-168
The epidermal anatomy of Pseudoctenis
samchokense is described revealing non-
bennettitalean characters of these leaves from
the Permo-Carboniferous of China. The
specimens were originally described as Ptero-
phyllum samchokense suggesting a bennetti-
talean affinity. Based on leaf-architecture and
epidermal natomical characters, the specimens
are at best assigned to the cycadalean genus
Pseudoctenis. This genus was formerly known
only from Mesozoic rocks. Consequently, the
specimens are highly significant, as they are
among the oldest known vegetative remains of
cycads. Re-evaluation of the affinities of all
specimens assigned to Pterophyllum from Pa-
laeozoic rocks is thus essential. Based on a
review of other Permaian-Carboniferous fossil
leaves assigned to Pterophyllum, we conclude
that none yet reveals definitive bennettitalean
characters.
2011010171
南美杉型木属有多少种？ = How many spe-
cies of Araucarioxylon?. (英文). Philippe M.
Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2011, 10(2-3): 201-
208
Fossil wood, similar to that of modern
Araucariaceae, has been known for a long
time, and is usually called Araucarioxylon.
More than 400 morphospecies have been de-
scribed, whereas this wood type displays few
characteristic features. This taxonomical pro-
fusion is compounded by nomenclatural prob-
lems, Araucarioxylon being an illegitimate
name. The status of the wood morphogenus,
the infrageneric structure and the names that
apply to the taxa designated for fossil woods
of the Araucarioxylon-type are discussed. A
database with 428 morphospecies designated
for Araucarioxylon-type of wood is analyzed.
56
The name Agathoxylon Hartig seems to be the
most appropriate for the corresponding
morphogenus. Albeit theoretically several
hundred morphospecies could be recognized
within this group, it is at least as probable that
only one should be retained.
被 子 植 物
2011010172
美国俄勒冈州渐新世已经绝灭的 Platanus
neptuni 复合体的花序和复叶 = Inflorescen-
ces and compound leaves of the extinct Plata-
nus neptuni complex in the Oligocene of Ore-
gon, USA. ( 英 文 ). MANCHESTER S R;
KVAČEK Z. Acta Palaeobotanica, 2010,
50(1): 5-15 3 图版.
The extinct species Platanus neptuni (Et-
tingshausen) Bůžek, Holy & Kvaček, formerly
reported on the basis of infructescences, sta-
minate infl orescences and associated foliage
from the Late Eocene to Late Miocene depos-
its of Europe, is now recognized also in North
America, based on a population dominating
the Late Oligocene Yaquina fl ora of coastal
Oregon. Staminate infl orescences are of the
same morphology as in Europe: globose to
ellipsoidal, each borne solitarily on a thick,
elongate peduncle. A circumsissle raised scar
is visible around the peduncle at the base of
infl orescence heads – a feature diagnostic of
the extinct Platanus subgenus Glandulosa
Kvaček, Manchester & Guo. Contrary to the
European records, which are more variable in
foliage (simple to compound tri- and pentafo-
liolate), the leaves at the Yaquina locality are
exclusively trifoliolate, sharing short petioles
expanded at the base, as in many European
populations of P. neptuni morphoforma frax-
inifolia (Johnson & Gilmore) Kvaček & Man-
chester. The preservation in coarse deposits
precludes anatomical investigation, but the
morphology of both leaves and reproductive
structures provides evidence for confi dent
assignment to the same species previously
recognized only from Europe.
2011010173
日本北部塞诺曼期至土仑期 Mikasa 组悬铃
木叶化石及其产出模式 = Platanoid leaves
from Cenomanian to Turonian Mikasa Forma-
tion, northern Japan and their mode of occur-
rence. (英文). Narita A; Yamada T; Matsu-
moto M. Paleontological Research, 2008,
12(1): 81-88
Ettingshausenia cuneifolia is reported from
the Cenomanian to Turonian Mikasa Forma-
tion of central Hokkaido. These leaves occur
exclusively in carbonaceous mudstone depos-
ited in either lagoon or marsh. Based on their
mode of occurrence, these remnants may have
been trapped in the sediments without long
prior transport (parautochthonous).
古无脊椎动物学
综 论
2011010174
地中海鲸化石的墓坑和软体动物对极端生
境的适应 = Mediterranean fossil whale falls
and the adaptation of mollusks to extreme
habitats. (英文). Dominici S; Cioppi E; Dan-
ise S; Betocchi U. Geology, 2009, 37(9): 815-
818
The hypothesis that sunken carcasses of
Mesozoic marine reptiles and Cenozoic
whales acted as evolutionary stepping stones
to deep-sea reducing habitats is underlain by
the question of whether vent-like, chemosym-
biotic specialization first evolved at shelf
depths. Fossil skeletons of large whales have
long been known from ancient shallow-water
strata, but they have never been considered as
a source of information on ecosystem devel-
opment. We present a study on a 3 Ma old
fossil whale fall and a survey of other Plio-
cene fossil skeletons to show that the associ-
ated biota is dominated by heterotrophs, with
subsidiary chemoautotrophs. The taphonomy
of the Mediterranean shelf whale falls shows
some differences with respect to deep-water
studies. Quantitative analyses of abundance
data within a large data set on fossil and mod-
ern mollusk families confirm that deep-and
shallow-water communities at reducing habi-
tats are composed of a different set of taxa, i.e.,
specialists occurring only below the shelf
break. Mediterranean carcasses sunken in
coastal settings do not seem to be favorable
for the evolution of whale-fall specialists
among the mollusks. The situation reverses as
the shelf break is approached
2011010175
俄罗斯西伯利亚北部 Kuonamka 组一个中
寒武统骨骼化石动物群 = A Middle Cam-
brian fauna of skeletal fossils from the
Kuonamka Formation, northern Siberia. ( 英
文 ). Kouchinsky A; Bengtson S; Stefan ;
Clausen S; Gubanov A; Malinky J M; Peel J S.
Alcheringa, 2011, 35(1): 123 - 189
An assemblage of mineralized skeletal fos-
sils containing molluscs, hyoliths, chancel-
loriids, protoconodonts, lobopods, paleo-
57
scolecids, bradoriids, echinoderms and hex-
actinellid sponges is described from the mid-
dle Cambrian part of the Kuonamka Forma-
tion, exposed along the Malaya Kuonamka
and Bol'shaya Kuonamka rivers, northern Si-
berian Platform. The sampled succession is
attributed to the Kuonamkites and lower
Tomagnostus fissus-Paradoxides sacheri bio-
zones of the Amgan Stage of Siberia, corre-
lated with Series 3, Stage 5—lower Drumian
Stage of the IUGS chronostratigraphical
scheme for the Cambrian. This work comple-
ments descriptions of molluscs from the same
samples published by Gubanov et al. (2004)
with additional material. It contains forms in
common with coeval faunas from Australia,
China, Western Gondwana, Avalonia, Lauren-
tia and Baltica, increasing potential for global
biostratigraphic correlation and understanding
of palaeogeographic connections.
原 生 动 物
2011010176
埃及 Farafra Oasis 地区古新世-早始新世
浮游有孔虫 = Paleocene-Early Eocene plank-
tic foraminifera of the Farafra Oasis, Egypt.
(英文). Haggag M A; Strougo A; Luterbacher
H; Wielandt U. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie
u. Palaontologie / Abhandlungen, 2010,
256(2): 161-182
Three main events affected the stratigraphic
distribution of the planktic foraminifera in the
area of the Farafra Oasis. The first one at the
K/Pg boundary is characterized by a strati-
graphic gap corresponding to most of the
lower Paleocene. The second event starts in
the upper part of the Praemurica uncinata
Zone (P2) and extends into the Globanoma-
lina pseudomenardii Zone (P4a). The third
event is the widespread "velascoensis-event".
All three events are also reflected by the in-
tensive reworking of older fauna.
2011010177
大西洋中西部西印度群岛特立尼达拉岛东
南部铁染有孔虫类意义 = The significance
of iron-stained foraminifera off SE Trinidad,
West Indies, western central Atlantic Ocean.
(英文). Wilson B. Geological Magazine, 2010,
147(5): 728-736
Eleven samples of seafloor sediment were
taken from water depths of 78-90 m within the
Savonette Field, off SE Trinidad, western At-
lantic Ocean. This surface sediment is relict,
having been deposited during an early Holo-
cene transgression. The samples yielded much
iron-stained quartz and a rich assemblage of
dead foraminifera, of which 75% of plank-
tonic foraminifera were stained with iron, as
was 66.5% of the calcareous benthonic fo-
raminiferal assemblage. The fauna, both iron-
stained and unstained, was dominated by Ci-
bicidoides ex. gr. pseudoungerianus, and is
concluded, despite the proximity of the Ori-
noco Delta, to be equivalent to a relict Cibici-
doides biofacies in carbonate-rich areas of the
Gulf of Mexico. Staining was by limonite and
hematite. Differing percentages of calcareous
benthonic species had been stained with iron,
ANOVA revealing three groups of species
within which the mean percentage of iron-
stained specimens per sample did not differ: (a)
Globocassidulina subglobosa and Hanzawaia
concentrica; (b) Amphistegina gibbosa,
Cassidulina norcrossi australis Cibicioides ex.
gr. pseudoungerianus, C. io, Elphidium trans-
lucens and Quinqueloculina lamarckiana; and
(c) Eponides antillarum and E. repandus. It is
concluded that species differ in their suscepti-
bility to iron staining, and that planktonic fo-
raminifera are more susceptible than most
benthonic species. Although waters off north-
ern South America are turbid and the photic
zone only similar to 25 m deep, the relict as-
semblage contained 8.4% algal symbiont-
bearing foraminifera (especially A. gibbosa
and E. translucens) that would be limited to
the photic zone. These are thought to have
lived at a time early in the Holocene trans-
gression when sequestration of sediment
within the Orinoco delta rendered the water
sufficiently clear for viable populations of
symbiont-bearing foraminifera. Should iron-
stained foraminifera prove to be restricted to
transgressive systems tracts, this would make
them a useful sequence stratigraphic tool.
2011010178
日本古生代-中生代之交放射虫动物群的时
空 转 变 和 古 环 境 变 化 = Spatio-Temporal
Changes of Paleozoic-Mesozoic Radiolarian
Faunas in Japan and Paleoenvironmental
Changes. (英文). Yao A. Paleontological Re-
search, 2009, 13(1): 45-52
The radiolarian faunal changes across the
Permian/Triassic boundary and during Bajo-
cian (early Middle Jurassic) time in Japan are
briefly summarized, and the relationships be-
tween the radiolarian faunal changes and the
paleoenvironmental changes are discussed in
this paper. The cause of the radiolarian faunal
change from the latest Permian to earliest Tri-
assic time is not well understood, but it is be-
58
lieved due to rapid changes in the marine en-
vironment that were disadvantageous to radio-
larians. The survival of radiolarians depends
on temperature, depth (quantity of light), the
amount of dissolved oxygen, nourishment,
food and so on. Moreover, it is possible that
difference in shell structure may have allowed
survivors to adapt more easily to the rapid
environmental change across the Per-
mian/Triassic boundary. The Bajocian radio-
larian fauna in the Unuma section, central Ja-
pan is composed of about 320 species in each
horizon and the total reaches about 510 com-
bined in 5 horizons. About 50 originated spe-
cies were estimated to replace the extinct spe-
cies per 0.70.8 million years interval. This
pattern of radiolarian faunal change through
the section is steady and is concordant with
the model of steady faunal change. However,
the pattern of change is not steady in orders
(Spumellaria and Nassellaria) and some fami-
lies, respectively. It is thought that the section
reflects the mixture extent of the cold water
mass (the paleo-Oyashio current) and the
warm water mass (the paleo-Kuroshio current).
Although the outline of faunal change of Pa-
leozoic-Mesozoic radiolarians has been briefly
documented, the details of the process in the
extinguishing, recovering and stable periods
are not clear except for some studies. Combin-
ing our knowledge of the early-middle Paleo-
zoic events, the Permian/Triassic boundary
event and the Triassic/Jurassic boundary event,
it becomes clear that the main extinction
events of the Paleozoic-Mesozoic radiolarian
faunas happened in greenhouse periods. This
means the marine environmental changes that
influenced remarkably the radiolarian faunas
were caused easily during the greenhouse pe-
riods
2011010179
日本四国北 Chichibu 构造带晚三叠世钙放
射虫 = Late Triassic Phaeodarian Radiolaria
from the Northern Chichibu Belt, Shikoku,
Japan. ( 英 文 ). Hori R S; Yamakita S;
Dumitrica P. Paleontological Research, 2009,
13(1): 53-63
A new genus (Triassiphaeodina gen. nov.)
and two new species (Medusetta japonica sp.
nov. and Triassiphaeodina niyodoensis sp.
nov.) of Late Triassic (Rhaetian) phaeodarian
Radiolaria are described from a phosphatic
nodule found in mélange rocks of the North-
ern Chichibu Belt, Shikoku, Japan. The
Rhaetian age of the nodule and of the phaeo-
darian new taxa is based on co-occurring
Polycystina Radiolaria, including Bipedis
acrostylus Bragin, Livarella densiporata Ko-
zur and Mostler, Fontinella primitiva Carter,
and Ferresium sp. A of Carter (1993). This
finding shows that phaeodarian Radiolaria
were already represented in Late Triassic
oceans, with morphologies similar to those
known in the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic,
from which they have previously been re-
ported. The new taxa described herein repre-
sent the oldest known phaeodarian fossils.
2011010180
日本东北部北上川南部地体中二叠世
Kamiyasse 组 有 孔 虫 = Middle Permian
(Midian) Foraminifers of the Kamiyasse For-
mation in the Southern Kitakami Terrane, NE
Japan. (英文). Kobayashi F; Shiino Y; Suzuki
Y. Paleontological Research, 2009, 13(1): 79-
99
A refined foraminiferal biostratigraphy of
the Middle Permian Kamiyasse Formation in
the Kamiyasse area north of Kesennuma,
Southern Kitakami Terrane, NE Japan, is pre-
sented. Based on the stratigraphic distribution
of schwagerinid and neoschwagerinid fusuli-
noideans, the Kamiyasse Formation, equiva-
lent to the Kanokura Formation in the type
area (Setamai-Yahagi area), is subdivided into
the Monodiexodina sutchanica, Parafusulina
motoyoshiensis and Lepidolina shiraiwensis
Zone in ascending order, all of which appear
to correspond to the Midian (latest Wordian to
Capitanian) in age. The M. sutchanica Zone is
here defined as integrated with cross-stratified
sandstone beds in the bottom of the formation,
and this zone is no longer equivalent to the
previously defined M. matsubaishi (junior
synonym of M. sutchanica) Zone in the Iwai-
zaki Limestone and the Kanokura Formation
of the type area. The other two zones are de-
fined with the first occurrences of the zonal
species. Foraminifers are highly diverse along
the stratigraphic interval between the Para-
fusulina motoyoshiensis and Lepidolina
shiraiwensis Zones. Fifty-seven species be-
longing to 42 genera of foraminifers are iden-
tified. Nineteen species among them are sys-
tematically described and discussed, including
the following three species: Baisalina ri-
kuzenensis sp. nov., whose middle and later
whorls are subdivided into more than fifteen
chamberlets by septal protrusions; Wutuella
sp., previously misidentified as “Cancellina”
sp.; and Septagathammina sp., exclusively
known from South China
59
 2011010181
泰国东部沿 Sra Kaeo 缝合带 Chanthaburi
地区层状燧石中下二叠统放射虫和牙形石
动物群的发现 = Discovery of Lower Permian
Radiolarian and Conodont Faunas from the
Bedded Chert of the Chanthaburi Area Along
the Sra Kaeo Suture Zone, Eastern Thailand.
(英文). Saesaengseerung D; Agematsu S; Sa-
shida K; Sardsud A. Paleontological Re-
search, 2009, 13(2): 119-138
Lower Permian (Asselian to Sakmarian)
radiolarians and conodonts are identified from
the bedded chert of the Chanthaburi area along
the Sra Kaeo Suture Zone in eastern Thailand.
The radiolarian and conodont-bearing bedded
chert including radiolarian species such as
Parafollicucullus bulbosus, P. lomentarius, P.
u-formus, Pseudoalbailella scalprata, and
others is exposed as large-size exotic blocks
within the Thung Kabin mélange. This radio-
larian fauna further includes Triplanospongos
musashiensis, Triaenosphaera minuta, Laten-
tifistula texana, Latentibifistula asper-
spongiosa and others, which have previously
been reported from the Middle to Upper Per-
mian. Except for these Middle to Upper Per-
mian species, this radiolarian fauna is quite
similar to those from Japan, Oregon, South
China, West Texas, Cis-Urals and Central and
Northeastern Thailand. Asselian to Sakmarian
conodont faunas represented by Streptogna-
thodus constrictus which have been reported
from the Southern Urals and South China, and
several sponge spicules are also contained in
this bedded chert. Occurrence of these Lower
Permian conodonts is the first record from the
Sra Kaeo Suture Zone. This radiolarian- and
conodont-bearing bedded chert was probably
deposited in the Palaeotethys /or Palaeo-
tethyan back-arc basin which is thought to
have been a pelagic environment at low lati-
tudes of the Southern Hemisphere.
2011010182
西藏普兰县姜叶玛地区瓜德鲁普世晚期蜓
类动物群及其古生物地理意义 = Late Mid-
dle Permian(Guadalupian)Fusuline Fauna
From The Gyanyima Area Of Burang
County,Tibet,China And Its Paleobio-
geographic Implications. (中文). 张以春. 古
生物学报, 2010, 49(2): 231-250
雅鲁藏布江缝合带中自西向东分布着二
叠纪灰岩块体,被称为西藏相灰岩外来块体
或奇底宗型的二叠系。姜叶玛灰岩是其中
之一,位于西藏西部普兰县境内。蜓类动物
群是该灰岩块体中最丰富的生物群之一,其
中瓜德鲁普统西兰塔组的蜓类有 10 个属,分
别为 Neoschwagerina, Yangchienia, Armen-
ina, Verbeekina, Paraverbeekina, Kahlerina,
Lantschichites, Codonofusiella,Chusenella,
Nankinella 。 Kahlerina, Lantschichites 和
Codonofusiella 的存在表明西兰塔组蜓类动
物群的时代为 Midian 期(Guadalupian 世晚
期),相当于华南的冷坞期。姜叶玛灰岩和仲
巴县拉赛拉灰岩、阿曼 Batain 地区以及巴
基斯坦盐岭地区一样,Midian 期蜓类动物群
缺少 Afghanella-Sumatrina 组合,结合当时古
地理位置认为,这几个地区处于相对较凉水
温控制之中。
2011010183
放射虫新属 Gansuceratoikiscum 化石保存
模式和基本构造功能分析 = Fossil Preserva-
tion Modes And Functional Discussion Of
The Basic Structures Of A New Radiolarian
Genus Gansuceratoikiscum Wang gen.nov...
(中文). 王玉净;成俊峰;张元动. 古生物学
报, 2010, 49(4): 472-477
描述一放射虫新属种 Gansuceratoikiscum
guanzhuangensis Wang,产于甘肃平凉市附
近官庄剖面平凉组底部钙质泥岩中,伴生的
牙形类化石属于 Pygodus anserinus 带,时代
被确定为晚奥陶世早期桑比期。讨论放射
虫化石的三种保存模式,它们分别代表壳体
的幼年、成熟和衰亡三个时期。讨论在角
舍虫科中,仅仅根据穴肋对的有无及其数目
来建立新种的这一标准的可疑性。最后,对
新属种主要骨骼基本构造功能进行初步分
析。
2011010184
土耳其西北部 Karakaya 复合体中泥盆纪
放射虫燧石条带：对古特提斯演化的意义
= Devonian radiolarian ribbon cherts from the
Karakaya Complex, Northwest Turkey: Impli-
cations for the Paleo-Tethyan evolution. (英
文 ). Okay A I; Noble P J; Tekin U K.
Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2011, 10(1): 1-10
Devonian radiolarian ribbon cherts are
found as olistoliths and as a thin (<100 m)
tectonic slice in pervasively deformed sand-
stone and shale in a Triassic subduction-
accretion complex (Upper Karakaya Complex)
in Northwest Turkey. The subduction-
accretion complex also comprises exotic
blocks of Lower Carboniferous and Upper
Permian limestone. It lies tectonically over a
thick metabasite series and is unconformably
overlain by little deformed continental to shal-
60
low marine sedimentary rocks of Jurassic age.
The Devonian radiolarian cherts, along with
the earlier descriptions of Carboniferous and
Permian radiolarian cherts from the Karakaya
Complex suggest the subduction of a Late
Paleozoic ocean, the Paleo-Tethys, along the
southern margin of the Pontides.
2011010185
土耳其东南部 Kocali 复合体火山沉积序列
中晚三叠世中卡尼期-瑞替期放射虫的发
现：与 Tauride 地区其它地层单元的对比
= Discovery of the Late Triassic (Middle
Carnian–Rhaetian) radiolarians in the vol-
cano-sedimentary sequences of the Kocali
Complex, SE Turkey: Correlation with the
other Tauride units. ( 英 文 ). Uzuncimen S;
Tekin U K; Bedi Y; Perincek D; Varol E;
Soycan H. Journal of Asian Earth Sci-
ences, 2011, 40(1): 180-200
The Kocali Complex in SE Turkey includes
pelagic sediments (pelagic limestones, cherts,
etc.), basic volcanic rocks of oceanic crust
origin together with platform-derived sedi-
ments. Its depositional age was previously
assigned as Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous. In
order to study the radiolarian contents of vol-
cano-sedimentary sequences in this complex,
six stratigraphic sections have been measured
mainly at the NE and NW Adiyaman city.
Radiolarian faunas from these stratigraphic
sections reveal that the age of these sequences
ranges from middle Carnian to Rhaetian.
Based on these data, the depositional age of
the complex is older than the previously as-
signed. Lithological characteristics (wide-
spread Triassic basic volcanic rocks associated
with pelagic sediments) and radiolarian con-
tents of these sequences have close similarities
with the sequences of the Alakircay Nappe of
the Antalya Nappes in western and central
Taurides.
Based on taxonomic studies, 99 taxa have
been determined of which one genus (Adiya-
manium) and four species (Monocapnuchos-
phaera kocaliensis, Paronaella speciosa, Fer-
resium okuyucui and Adiyamanium crassum)
are described as new.
2011010186
俄罗斯东萨哈林山早白垩世放射虫组合 =
Early cretaceous radiolarian assemblages from
the East Sakhalin Mountains. (英文). Kurilov
D V; Vishnevskaya V S. Stratigraphy and
Geological Correlation, 2011, 19(1): 47–64.
Three-dimensional radiolarian skeletons
isolated from rock matrix in HF solution and
then studied under scanning electron
microscope substantiate the Early Cretaceous
age of volcanogenic-cherty deposits sampled
from fragmentary rock successions of the East
Sakhalin Mountains. Accordingly the
Berriasian age is established for jasper packets
formerly attributed to the Upper Paleozoic-
Mesozoic Daldagan Group; the Valanginian
radiolarians are identified in cherty rock
intercalations in the Upper Paleozoic (?)
Ivashkino Formation; the Berriasian-
Barremian assemblage is macerated from
cherty tuffites of the Jurassic-Cretaceous
Ostraya Formation; and the Aptian-early
Albian radiolarians are characteristic of
tuffaceous cherty rocks sampled from the
Cretaceous Khoe Formation of the Nabil
Group. Photographic documentation of
radiolarian skeletons specifies taxonomic
composition and age of the Berriasian,
Valanginian, Berriasian-Valanginian,
Barremian, and Aptian-Albian radiolarian
assemblages from the East Sakhalin
Mountains, and their evolution as related to
abiotic events is considered. Coexistence of
Tethyan and Pacific species in the same rock
samples evidence origin of radiolarian
assemblages in an ecotone. Consequently, the
assemblages are applicable for intra- and
interregional correlations and paleogeographic
reconstructions.
2011010187
松辽盆地晚白垩世有孔虫的发现：来自
SK-1 孔的证据和确定海水侵入的意义 =
Discovery of Late Cretaceous foraminifera in
the Songliao Basin: Evidence from SK-1 and
implications for identifying seawater incur-
sions. (英文). Xi DangPeng; Wan XiaoQiao;
Feng ZhiQiang; Li Shun; Feng ZiHui; Jia Ji-
anZhong; Jing Xia; Si WeiMin. Chinese Sci-
ence Bulletin, 2011, 56(3): 253-256
The Songliao Basin is the largest oil-
bearing basin in China. In the absence of suf-
ficient evidence, the possibility of seawater
incursion(s) into the Songliao Basin remains
controversial. Recently, we discovered rela-
tively abundant foraminifera fossils from units
1 and 2 of the Nenjiang Formation of borehole
SK-1. Benthic foraminifera (Gavlinella sp.,
Anomalinoides sp., Pullenia sp., Haplo-
phragmoides sp., Karrorulina hokkaidoana,
Clavulinoides sp.), as well as planktonic fo-
raminifera (Archaeoglobigerina blowi, Ar-
chaeoglobigerina cretacea and Hedbergella
flandrini), were identified. These fossils were
widely distributed in the marine Cretaceous.
61
According to the global distribution of the
above-mentioned planktonic foraminifera, the
age of these fossil bearing strata appears to be
Late Coniacian to Santonian. More impor-
tantly, these foraminifera provide direct evi-
dence for marine water incursions into the
Songliao Basin during deposition of the
Lower Nenjiang Formation.
2011010188
泰国北部沿 Nan-Uttaradit 缝合带 Nan 地
区中三叠世放射虫动物群的发现 = Discov-
ery of Middle Triassic radiolarian fauna from
the Nan area along the Nan-Uttaradit suture
zone, northern Thailand. ( 英 文 ). Sae-
saengseerung, D; Sashida, K; Sardsud, A. Pa-
leontological Research, 2008, 12(4): 397-409
A Middle Triassic radiolarian fauna is pre-
sent in the siliceous rock section at the Nan
area along the Nan-Uttaradit suture zone,
northern Thailand. The radiolarian fauna is
composed of Triassocampe deweveri, T. ni-
shimurai, Annulotriassocampe campanilis,
Cenosphaera igoi, and other species and corre-
sponds to the Anisian (Middle Triassic) Trias-
socampe deweveri fauna reported from Japan,
Hungary, Italy, Austria, Far East of Russia,
and northern and eastern Thailand. More than
fifteen radiolarian species belonging to eight
genera are investigated. The radiolarian-
bearing rocks were probably deposited in a
pelagic environment within the Nan-Uttaradit
back-arc basin between the Simao and Indo-
china blocks during Middle Triassic time. This
suggests that the Nan-Uttaradit back-arc basin,
the Palaeo-Tethys ocean and Panthalassa
ocean were probably connected by seaways at
this time and might have shared the same oce-
anic circulation system. Furthermore, the
complete closure of the Nan-Uttaradit back-
arc basin between the Simao and the Indo-
china blocks is thought to have occurred at
least after the Middle Triassic
2011010189
日本兵库姬路北部上白垩统 Hiromine 组灰
岩碎片中的石炭纪和二叠纪的有孔虫 =
Carboniferous and Permian foraminifers from
limestone fragments contained in the Upper
Cretaceous Hiromine Formation in north of
Himeji, Hyogo, Japan. (英文). Kobayashi F.
Paleontological Research, 2008, 12(4): 411-
418
Limestone fragments with Late Paleozoic
foraminifers were distinguished at Okusukain
and Aisaka, north of Himeji, Nishi-Harima
district, Hyogo, Japan. They are contained
within matrix-supported conglomerate of cal-
dera-originated lacustrine deposits in the Up-
per Cretaceous Hiromine Formation, which is
mostly composed of volcaniclastic rocks. Age
distribution of the limestone fragments is vari-
able in comparison with their very rare occur-
rence. Late Visean, Serpukhovian or early
Bashkirian, Moscovian, Wordian and Lopin-
gian ages were attached to the fragments
based on their age diagnostic foraminifers, in
addition to questionable post-Triassic lime-
stone cobble. All of these limestone fragments
are thought to have been derived from the
Akiyoshi and Maizuru terranes, and have spe-
cial paleogeographic and tectonic implications
in relation to the nappe tectonics of the Inner
Zone of Southwest Japan.
2011010190
现生织纹虫类放射虫 Eucyrtidium hexago-
natum ， Pterocorys zancleus 和 Dictyo-
codon prometheus 的伪足特征和摄食习性
= Pseudopodial features and feeding behavior
of living nassellarians Eucyrtidium hexago-
natum Haeckel, Pterocorys zancleus (Muller)
and Dictyocodon prometheus Haeckel. (英文).
Sugiyama K; Hori R S; Kusunoki Y; Matsu-
oka A. Paleontological Research, 2008, 12(3):
209-222
Light microscopic studies, using both video
imaging and normal camera, were made on
living nassellarian radiolarians Eucyrtidium
hexagonatum Haeckel, Pterocotys zancleus
(Muller) and Dictyocodon prometheus
Haeckel from the East China Sea off Okinawa
Island, Japan. Continuous and careful observa-
tions revealed pseudopodial activity related
mostly to feeding behavior. The results are
presented in detail with the definition of 11
descriptive terms for nassellarian pseudopodia.
Among them, terminal projections (TP) ex-
tending as straight projections from the aper-
ture of the shell body and forming a conical
structure (terminal cone: TC) and axial projec-
tions (XP) prolonged outward from the center
of the aperture and proximally surrounded by
TP are used for feeding. Although there are
some minor differences, feeding activities of
the three species can be subdivided into the
following three cyclic phases; Phase I charac-
terized by gradual extension of TP and XP
from the aperture, Phase 2 marked by an
abrupt withdrawal of TP and XP toward the
aperture to engulf captured prey, and Phase 3
during which entangled TP used for capturing
prey are completely retracted into the aperture.
These lines of evidence suggest that the shell
62
aperture plays the same role of a feeding appa-
ratus as does a mouth. Interestingly, XP of E.
hexagonatum sometimes shows abnormal
branching, fusion and separation, which is
different from the spumellarian axotlagellum.
2011010191
日本兵库相生东北部 Kamade 地区上白垩
统相生群 Kamade 角砾岩内灰岩碎片中的
晚古生代和中生代有孔虫 = Late Paleozoic
and Mesozoic foraminifers contained in lime-
stone fragments of the Kamade Breccia of the
Upper Cretaceous Aioi Group from Kamade,
northeastern part of Aioi, Hyogo, Japan. (英
文 ). Kobayashi F. Paleontological Re-
search, 2008, 12(3): 237-253
Age distribution and provenance of lime-
stone fragments contained in the Kamade
Breccia of the Upper Cretaceous Aioi Group,
distributed in the western part of Hyogo pre-
fecture, Japan were considered. Among 67
samples examined, 19 are Carboniferous (Ser-
pukbovian to Gzhelian), 20 are Permian
(Sakmarian to Capitanian), and two are Trias-
sic (early Anisian). Two samples of conglom-
eratic limestone contain both Carboniferous
and Permian foraminifers. The ages of the
other 28 samples are indeterminable. Of these
28, four are assumed to be post-Triassic. Car-
boniferous and Permian limestone fragments
and a subductionrelated broken limestone
pebble of unknown age are concluded to have
been derived from the Akiyoshi Terrane, and
early Anisian ones from the Maizuru Terrane.
The source of the post-Triassic boulders and
cobbles consisting of very fine-grained lime-
mudstone cannot be determined because there
is no plausible limestone in Japan from which
they could have been derived. Systematically
described fusulinoideans comprise seven spe-
cies of ozawainellids, fusulinids, and schwa-
gerinids. They are Eostaffella kannierai, Eo-
staffella yowarenshv, Pseudofusulinella itoi,
Rauserites stuckenhergi, Schwageriniformis
schwageriniformis, Triticites simplex and
Paraschwagerina sp. This paper is the latest
in a series of works whose aim is a complete
description of the Hyogo foraminifera.
2011010192
日本北海道南部地下渐新世浅水海相有孔
虫 = Oligocene shallow marine foraminifera
from the subsurface of southern Hokkaido. (英
文 ). Hanagata S. Paleontological Re-
search, 2008, 12(2): 99-118
Foraminiferal faunas from the Upper Oligo-
cene Minaminaganuma Formation recovered
from boreholes of the Yufutsu Oil and Gas
Field and MITI Umaoi located in southern
Hokkaido are characterized exclusively by the
large elphidiids Elphidium mabutii and Cri-
broelphidium ombetsuense. They indicate cold
water temperatures and an inner to middle
sublittoral paleobathymetry. The total organic
carbon (TOC) content and hydrogen index (HI)
values obtained by CHN Corder and Rock-
Eval pyrolysis indicate the significant deposi-
tion of organic carbon of phytoplankton origin
in the inner sublittoral condition. Elphidium
mabutii and C. ombetsuense show ubiquitous
distribution suggesting high tolerance of these
two species against environmental stresses
such as fluctuations in primary productivity
(nutritional condition). This newly recognized
shallow marine fauna is located between the
Eocene-Oligocene Poronai-Momijiyama fauna
(agglutinated foraminifera dominant) and the
Miocene Takinoue fauna (Ammonia domi-
nant). A comparison between the thickness of
strata and the range of paleobathymetric
changes in the study area suggests that an
equilibrium between basin subsidence and
sediment accumulation existed to keep this
area under shallow marine conditions during a
certain period in the Late Oligocene, which
preceded the rifting of the Japan Sea during
the Early Miocene.
古杯、多孔及腔肠动物
2011010193
脊板内沟珊瑚科的内沟珊瑚（泥盆纪;珊瑚
类 ， 四 射 珊 瑚 目 ） = Zaphrentis and the
Zaphrentidae (Devonian; Anthozoa, Rugosa).
( 英 文 ). William A Jr. Oliver. Bulletin of
American Paleontology, 2007, (373): 46/10
2011010194
上奥陶统和志留纪床板珊瑚纲蜂巢珊瑚科
珊瑚单体壁的构造及其在地层对比上可能
的应用 = Structure of the corallite wall of the
Upper Ordovician and Silurian Favositidae
(Tabulata) and its possible use in stratigraphic
correlation. ( 英 文 ). Zaika Y. Palae-
oworld, 2010, 19(3-4): 256-267
Based on an analysis of the significant col-
lections of Favositidae (tabulate corals) from
the Upper Ordovician–Lower Devonian of the
Taimyr Peninsula, Western Slope of the North
Urals and the Tchernychev Uplift, this paper
focuses on the macro- and micro-structurе of
the corallite wall. Seven structural types of the
63
corallite wall have been recognized; some of
them seem to have a definite stratigraphic
range. The results contribute to the long-time
discussion on the applicability of skeletal
structure for systematics of the Favositidae, its
evolutionary implications, and stratigraphic
correlation. It has been held that the skeletal
structure of the fossilized remains of Favositi-
dae is inapplicable for such purposes because
diagenetically, it is secondary, being a product
of mineral replacement of the primary struc-
ture. In contrast, an assumption is made here
that the “secondary” skeletal macro- and mi-
cro-structure may reflect in some way the
“primary” skeleton. As a result, it is proposed
that some evidence of evolution of the Favosi-
tidae may be obtained by evaluating the strati-
graphic range of favositid representatives pos-
sessing different types of structure of the
corallite wall.
2011010195
波兰西里西亚中三叠世早期六射珊瑚斑礁
生长的环境控制 = Environmental controls on
growth of early scleractinian patch reefs
(Middle Triassic; Silesia; Poland). ( 英 文 ).
Morycowa E; Szulc J. Palaeoworld, 2010,
19(3-4): 382-388
Anisian scleractinian corals are known from
the Lower and Middle Muschelkalk of the
Cracow-Silesian region, but in bioherms they
occur only in the western part, i.e., in the Up-
per Silesian area, in the higher part of the
Lower Muschelkalk (Karchowice Beds). Sile-
sian reefs of Anisian (middle Pelsonian-early
Illyrian) age are, so far, the oldest in situ coral
reefs following the Permian/Triassic extinc-
tion. In Anisian time, Silesian corals formed a
Tethys marginal reefal rim, separating off-
shore Tethyan open marine waters from the
backreef area (Germanic Basin). The shallow-
water coral-bearing facies capped sponge
buildups, following a general shallowing trend
in the basin. Final emersion in the early Illyr-
ian halted coral reef growth. Anisian scler-
actinian corals appear to have been
zooxanthellate, as suggested in Morycowa,
1988.
2011010196
西班牙东南部 Alicante 省 Sierra de Seguili
地区一小的阿尔布阶珊瑚动物群 = A small
Albian coral fauna from the Sierra de Seguili
(Alicante province, SE Spain). (英文). Loser
H; Castro J M; Nieto L M. Neues Jahrbuch
fur Geologie u. Palaontologie / Abhandlun-
gen, 2010, 255(3):
Five species are described. Four species
belonging to the Leptophyllidae, Montlivaltii-
dae, and Cyathophoridae families are quite
common in outcrops of an Aptian to Early
Cenomanian age, mainly in the central Tethys
and Western Hemisphere. One species be-
longs to the Hemiporitidae family and repre-
sents only the second colonial coral genus
known from the Meandrinina suborder in the
Early Cretaceous, the first being Phyllocoenia.
A short account is therefore given of the sub-
order Meandrinina, its history, taxonomic
composition and diversity through the time.
Due to the low quality of the material and the
availability of only one sample, the material is
preliminarily assigned to the genus Lam-
nastrea, which is herein revised on the basis of
thin sections obtained from the type of the
type species.
2011010197
日 本 西 南 部 Kurosegawa 地 体 志 留 系
Gionyama 组四射珊瑚侯氏泡沫珊瑚科 =
Silurian Holmophyllidae (Rugosa) from the
Gionyama Formation of the Kurosegawa Ter-
rane, Southwest Japan. (英文). Kido E. Pale-
ontological Research, 2009, 13(3): 293-306
Three rugose species of the family Holmo-
phyllidae Wang, 1947 are described for the
first time from the Gionyama Formation of the
Kurosegawa Terrane, Southwest Japan. They
are Holmophyllum sp., Holmophyllum? sp.,
and Labechiellata reguloris (Sugiyama, 1939).
These species are found in the Middle Mem-
ber of the Gionyama Formation, which is Late
Llandovery to Early Ludlow (Silurian) in age.
Holmophyllum and Labechiellata are typical
cosmopolitan genera. The compound holmo-
phyllids such as Labechiellata may indicate
tropical environments and suggest that ‘Proto-
Japan’ was, like other areas that yield these
corals, located in subtropical to tropical lati-
tudes during the Silurian.
2011010198
贵州丹寨寒武系牛蹄塘组海绵动物化石及
其环境背景 = Sponges From The Early Cam-
brian Niutitang Formation At Danzhai,
Guizhou And Their Environmental Back-
ground. (中文). 杨兴莲;赵元龙;朱茂炎;崔滔;
杨凯迪. 古生物学报, 2010, 49(3): 348-359
贵州丹寨南皋在寒武纪属于扬子板块深
水相区,最近在该区寒武系下部牛蹄塘组中
上部黑色泥页岩中发现了大量保存完好的
海绵动物化石,共 9 属 10 种。文中描述其中
比较典型的海绵动物化石 5 属 5 种:赫兹海
64
绵未定种 Hintzespongia sp.,杯形对角海绵 苔 藓 动 物
Diagoniella cyathiformis(Dawson,1889),密集 2011010201
鬃毛状海绵 Saetaspongia densa Mehl and Ordovician Bryozoan Diversity Changes
Reitner in Steiner et al.,1993,大坪三岔五射 And Bearing On The Origin Of Bryozoa =
海 绵 Sanshapentella dapingi Mehl and 奥陶纪苔藓动物的多样性演变——兼论苔
Erdtmann,1994 和羽状光芒海绵 Solactiniella 藓动物的起源. (中文). 夏凤生;马俊业;郝家
plumata Mehl and Reitner in Steiner et 胜. 古生物学报, 2010, 49(2): 139-163
al.,1993。在这套整体缺氧的黑色泥页岩中 苔藓动物是一类多为海生、滤食性的群
有如此多而完整的海绵动物化石的保存,可 体生物。奥陶纪是苔藓动物发生、演化辐
能是由于上涌洋流、水流或海平面的变化 射和灭绝的重要时期,也是苔虫礁形成的最
等导致短暂的充氧事件,加上多幕次的热水 早时期。已知最老的化石苔藓动物发现于
沉积,提供大量食料,从而利于需氧量相对较 中国特马豆克晚期。构成苔藓动物基本分
低的原始后生动物--海绵动物的大量繁盛。 类框架的狭唇纲(包括变口目、隐口目、泡
孔目和管孔目)和宽唇纲(包括窗孔目和栉口
2011010199 目)也都是在奥陶纪时期逐步形成的,其中,
聚类分析法对镣珊瑚类的修订 = Applica- 变口目出现于特马豆克期 Tr2 时间段,在弗
tion Of Cluster Analysis To Classification Of 洛期和大坪期,多样性较低,但从达瑞威尔期
Cateniporids. (中文). 王光旭;邓占球. 古生物 开始,经桑比期至凯迪期,多样性不断增高,并
学报, 2010, 49(4): 478-486 出现辐射。隐口目(特别是"双叶类隐口目苔
镣珊瑚类是奥陶纪-志留纪地层中常见的 虫")也经历了与变口目相类似的发展过程,
以链状珊瑚复体为特征的一类床板珊瑚,地 但它首次出现的时间要相对略迟于变口
理分布广泛,研究历史较长。但不同学者对 目。这两个目在整个奥陶纪苔藓动物群中
其骨骼构造特征的分类学意义认识不一,使 一直占据主导地位。泡孔目、管孔目和窗
得类群中许多属的定义和范围长期存有争 孔目,先后首次出现在弗洛期 Fl2 时间段、
议。本文结合我国的已发表材料,对镣珊瑚 大坪期 Dp1 和 Dp2 时间段,但它们在整个奥
的分类进行简要讨论,依据隔壁刺的有无将 陶纪期间一直处于低多样性态势。至于栉
镣珊瑚分为 Catenipora 和 Quepora 两属,认 口目,它首次出现的时间可能更迟,在凯迪期
为 Procatenipora 和 Eocatenipora 分别是前 Ka4 时间段,犹如昙花一现。苔藓动物的演
者和后者的同义名。运用聚类分析的方法 化在接近奥陶纪末时呈两幕式灭绝,一次发
对我国镣珊瑚类的种进行修订。 生在凯迪期 Ka2 时间段(可能相当于塔凯和
安斯蒂的"拉夫塞伊灭绝"),另一次发生在赫
2011010200
南特期 Hi2 时间段(可能相当于塔凯和安斯
爱沙尼亚 Saaremaa 地区 Sheinwoosian 期
蒂的"赫南特灭绝")。
胞内共生的层孔虫 Cornulites = Endosym-
biotic Cornulites in the Sheinwoosian (Early 2011010202
Silurian) stromatoporoids of Saaremaa, Esto-
详述适用于扫描电镜的苔藓虫化石中群体
nia. ( 英 文 ). Vinn O; Wilson M A. Neues
模的 VPS-硅铸型的制作方法 = Method for
Jahrbuch fur Geologie u. Palaontologie / Ab-
Making Detailed, SEM-Suitable VPS Silicone
handlungen, 2010, 257(1): 13-22
Casts of Colony Molds from Fossil Bryozoans.
The new ensosymbiotic cornulitic Cornu-
lites stromatoporoides n. sp. represents the (英文). Dick M;Osawa T; Nodasaka Y. Pale-
earliest record of cornulitid endosymbiosis, ontological Research, 2009, 13(2): 193-197
probably reflecting increased pressure by bor- Cheilostomes, the dominant group among
ing and durophagous predators on worms with living bryozoans, appeared in the Late Jurassic
mineral tubes in the Silurian. C. stromatopor- and began to extensively diversify late in the
oides n. sp. has thus far only been found as an Early Cretaceous. Knowledge of the early di-
endosymbiont in stromatoporoids. There is a versification phase comes mostly from fossils
range of one to six, averaging, endosymbiotic from Europe and the USA, but recently Early
C. stromatoporoides n. sp. specimens per in- to Late Cretaceous cheilostomes have proven
fested stromatoporoid in the lower Shein- to be much more common in Japan than pre-
woosian. Large stromatoporoids contain more viously suspected. Modes of preservation in
Cornulites endosymbionts than smaller stro- Japanese material include 1) the exposed col-
matoporoids. ony surface, which is rare, 2) zooidal vertical
walls embedded in matrix, and 3) colony

65
molds, which are common. Here we illustrate
and describe in detail a method adapted from
dental technology to produce from colony
molds fine-quality vinyl polysiloxane (VPS)
silicone casts suitable for scanning electron
microscopy (SEM). Improvements over previ-
ous methods include the use of paraffin dams,
direct use of low-viscosity VPS medium for
casts, and pressure curing. Our method will be
useful for any preservational mode leaving
molds or imprints organisms, including bio-
immuration.
2011010203
东欧地台侏罗纪和白垩纪具对称群体结构
的稀有苔藓虫（狭管苔藓纲） = Rare bryo-
zoans (Stenolaemata) with bilateral colonies
from the Jurassic and Cretaceous of the East
European Platform. (英文). Viskova L A. Pa-
leontological Journal, 2011, 45(1): 40-51 5 图
版.
New bryozoans characterized by a bilateral
vertical colonies colonies—Cardioecia refuga
sp. nov. (Tubuliporida), Elea lyapini sp. nov.,
E. troshkovensis sp. nov., and E. taylori sp.
nov. (Melicerititida) from Middle Jurassic
(Middle Callovian) of the Moscow region
(Russia), and Biforicula legitima sp. nov.
(Melicerititida) from the Upper Cretaceous
(Lower Campanian) of the Southern Donets
Basin (Ukraine)—are described. All species
described in this paper belong to genera that
have been recorded for the first time in the
East European Platform. Some morphological
structures in the colonies of these bryozoans
and some distinctive features of the order
Melicerititida that emphasize the difference of
this order from bryozoans of other orders of
the class Stenolaemata are examined.
2011010204
阿根廷前科迪耶拉奥陶纪 Darriwilian 期
San Juan 组苔藓虫 = Darriwilian bryozoans
from the San Juan Formation (Ordovician),
Argentine Precordillera. (英文). Carrera M G;
Ernst A. Ameghiniana: Revista de la asocia-
cion Paleontologica Argentina, 2010, 47(3):
343-354
A detailed study is carried out on the taxon-
omy of the bryozoan fauna from the upper
levels of the San Juan Formation (Darriwilian)
in the Talacasto and Cerro Viejo sections, Ar-
gentinean Precordillera. Three bryozoan gen-
era are described and two new species are
erected: Lamottopora multispinosa sp. nov.,
Aostipora sanjuanensis sp. nov., and Phyl-
loporinidae sp. indet. The paleoecological sig-
nificance of the bryozoan fauna is discussed.
The ramose bryozoans Lamottopora and
Aostipora dominate in the Talacasto section.
Some colonies probably lived attached di-
rectly to the substrate, while others occur at-
tached to the surface of the abundant sponge
fauna in the section. The majority of bryo-
zoans at the Cerro Viejo section occur as
epibionts, with bases attached to the surface of
sponges. Bryozoans collected in the matrix are
scarce compared to the Talacasto section, and
comprise a few fragments of ramose bryo-
zoans and two small fragments of the reticu-
late Phylloporinidae sp. indet were recorded
exclusively in this locality. The presence of
this delicate form in Cerro Viejo is further
evidence of the quiet water conditions sug-
gested for these levels. Only the laminar form
Nicholsonella occurs in slightly older levels
(Floian) of the San Juan Formation. The low
diversity recorded here shows a slight decoup-
ling with the global pattern. The first local
radiation (three genera) is minor compared
with the important radiation that the phylum
experienced elsewhere.
腕 足 动 物
2011010205
哈萨克斯坦中部寒武纪乳房贝目的腕足类
新种 = New brachiopod species from the or-
der acrotretida from the Cambrian of central
Kazakhstan. ( 英 文 ). Koneva S P; Ushatin-
skaya G T. Paleontological Journal, 2010,
44(6): 632-643 8 图版.
Four new brachiopod species from the order
Acrotretida (class Lingulata): Picnotreta
saryarkensis sp. nov., Stilpnotreta propria sp.
nov., Anabolotreta firma sp. nov., and
Batenevotreta variabilis sp. nov. are described
from the Agyrek Mountains, northeastern
Central Kazakhstan from two olistoliths of
limestones, which contain the uppermost
Middle and lowermost Upper Cambrian fauna
and are located in the Upper Ordovician olis-
tostrome. These new species supplement the
described earlier brachiopod assemblage from
this region (Koneva and Ushatinskaya, 2008).
Strong age and intraspecific variability of
some Kazakh acrotretids is shown.
2011010206
古生代的有铰腕足类大灭绝和它们的生态
以及演化结果 = Large extinctions of articu-
late brachiopods in the paleozoic and their
ecological and evolutionary consequences. (英
66
文). Afanasjeva G A. Paleontological Jour-
nal, 2010, 44(7): 1200-1208 3 图版.
The largest Paleozoic extinctions of articu-
late brachiopods occurred at the Frasnian—
Famennian boundary in the Late Devonian
and at the Permian—Triassic boundary. Both
extinctions affected taxa of all levels, includ-
ing orders, but differed in scale, course, and
ecological and evolutionary consequences.
The Frasnian—Famennian extinction event
was selective and evolutionary activity after
the crisis varied in different orders. However,
in the Early Carboniferous, the brachiopod
diversity was mostly restored in comparison
with the Devonian maximum. In particular
groups, preadaptation played a role in changes
in diversity and reconstruction of communities.
The brachiopod composition at this boundary
changed sharply. The extinction event at the
end of Permian was global and accompanied
by changes in the biota. Later, in the Meso-
Cenozoic, the brachiopod diversity was not
restored, and bivalves acquired primary im-
portance in various bottom communities of
different sea zones where Paleozoic brachio-
pods previously dominated. Extinction of
brachiopods at this boundary was long and
gradual. The symptoms of the ecological crisis
in the development of Permian brachiopods
are recognized beginning from the Roadian
Age, which was probably the onset of this
crisis.
2011010207
中生代有铰腕足类壳体微结构 = Shell mi-
crostructure in Mesozoic articulate brachio-
pods. (英文). Smirnova T N. Paleontological
Journal, 2010, 44(7): 1209-1216 3 图版.
The shell microstructure was studied based
on extensive material of Triassic, Jurassic, and
Cretaceous brachiopods from the orders
Rhynchonellida, Terebratulida, and The-
cideida. Evolutionary changes in relationships
between the shell layers of thecideids were
revealed; the narrowing of fibers in historical
development of rhynchonellids was estab-
lished; the importance of the prismatic layer
for taxonomy was recognized; and differences
in width and shape of fibers within the super-
families of rhynchonellids and terebratulids
were determined.
2011010208
使用 skyscan 1172 X 射线微照相系统研究
化石和现生的腕足类 = Study of fossil and
recent brachiopods, using a skyscan 1172 X-
ray microtomograph. (英文). Pakhnevich A V.
Paleontological Journal, 2010, 44(9): 1217-
1230 9 图版.
Fossil and recent brachiopods were studied
with the aid of a Skyscan 1172 microtomo-
graph. The capabilities of this method at dif-
ferent stages of studying, X-ray scanning and
producing slices and 3D models are described.
The method enables the study of punctuation,
microornamentation, and inner structures of
the brachiopod shells and soft tissues. The
contrast of shell structures of fossil brachio-
pods is discussed; it depends on differences in
the mineral composition of the shell and sur-
rounding matter. This method allows studying
the inner structure of the holotypes of
brachiopod species without damaging their
shells. The data on the efficiency of the
method are provided.
2011010209
阐明瑞典中部锡利扬地区 Boda 石灰岩晚奥
陶世 pentameride（腕足类）热点 = Unrav-
elling a Late Ordovician pentameride
(Brachiopoda) hotspot from the Boda Lime-
stone, Siljan district, central Sweden. (英文).
Rasmussen CMO; Ebbestad JOR; Harper
DAT. GFF, 2010, 132(3-4): 133-152
The correlation of the uppermost Boda Core
Member of the Boda Limestone is reassessed
and the beds assigned to the upper Katian.
This is based on the identification of the
brachiopod species Brevilamnulella kjerulfi
(Kiaer) and Amphiplecia tardicostata Wright
Jaanusson from the highest beds in the unit.
The former species is overwhelmingly abun-
dant in the uppermost beds of the Boda Core
Member in Osmundsberget quarry, forming an
almost monospecific coquina. Also occurring
in the coquina, is Clorilamnulella osmunds-
bergensis gen. et sp. nov., which ranges into
the overlying Hirnantian Glisstjarn Formation.
The new genus is here regarded as a transi-
tional form between Brevilamnulella and
Clorinda. The oldest occurrence of this latter
genus is here revised and not found in rocks
older than the Aeronian. Instead, previous
Rhuddanian occurrences of 'Clorinda' are
transferred to Clorilamnulella based on a dor-
sal cardinalia that differs from both that of
Brevilamnulella, as well as that of Clorinda.
Moreover, gigantic shells of a new species of
Brevilamnulella, B. umbosulcata sp. nov, are
described from the nearby Solberga quarry
where the species occurs in great abundance in
a local fossil pocket, that also is correlated
with the upper Katian. These new virgianid
67
and clorindoid occurrences, together with pre-
viously described occurrences of Holorhyn-
chus and Costilamnulella, demonstrate that
during the late Katian, the Boda Limestone
was a virgianid hotspot crucial in the evolu-
tion of the earliest pentameroid family, the
Virgianidae, as well as a possible early cradle
for the evolution of the hitherto exclusively
Silurian superfamily, the Clorindoidea.
2011010210
日 本 西 南 部 Akiyoshi 地 区 上 二 叠 统
Tsunemori 组腕足动物 = Brachiopods from
the Upper Permian Tsunemori Formation of
the Akiyoshi Area, Southwest Japan, and
Their Tectonic Implications. (英文). Tazawa J.
Paleontological Research, 2009, 13(1): 65-78
This study describes a brachiopod fauna,
consisting of 15 species in 15 genera, from the
Upper Permian Tsunemori Formation of the
Akiyoshi area, southwest Japan. The fauna
includes a new species, Cathayspirina magna.
The Tsunemori fauna is a Boreal-Tethyan
mixed fauna and is closely allied with the Late
Permian (Changhsingian) brachiopod faunas
of Nabekoshiyama in the South Kitakami Belt,
northeast Japan, and of Kawahigashi in the
Maizuru Belt, southwest Japan. Palaeobio-
geographical data derived from the Tsunemori
fauna suggest that the Late Permian accretion
site of the Akiyoshi Terrane, including the
Tsunemori Formation, was located within a
trench along the eastern margin of North
China (Sino-Korea).
2011010211
日本东北部南北上川山 Kamiyasse 地区中
二叠世轮刺贝类腕足动物 Vediproductus
属 = Middle Permian Echinoconchoide
Brachiopod Vediproductus in the Kamiyasse
Area, Southern Kitakami Mountains, North-
east Japan. (英文). Shiino Y. Paleontological
Research, 2009, 13(3): 251-258
Three species of the Middle Permian echi-
noconchoide brachiopod Vediproductus from
the Kamiyasse area, northeast Japan, V.
mugenjin sp. nov., V. punctatiformis, and V.
sp., are described, and their paleogeographic
significance is discussed. V. mugenjin sp. nov.
is characterized as having spine bands on both
the outer and inner surface of the valve, show-
ing a strong relief with a comparatively wide
interval of each band and a typical sawtooth
outline of spine bands in cross-sectional view.
The stratigraphic and paleogeographic distri-
butions suggest that the genus flourished in
the Tethyan province and was possibly re-
stricted to a lower latitude than warm-cool
water transitional environment.
2011010212
“判别分析”在修正奥陶-志留系腕足动物劣
扭 月 贝 属 (Katastrophomena) 中 的 应 用 =
The Application Of Discriminant Analysis In
A Study Of Ordovician-Silurian Brachiopod
Genus Katastrophomena. (中文). 黄冰. 古生
物学报, 2010, 49(2): 196-209
腕足动物系统古生物研究中,对特征相近
的两个分子的比较通常定性且直观,较少进
行定量统计分析。判别分析是一种重要的
分类分析方法,也是动植物分类的主要统计
学基础。劣扭月贝属(Katastrophomena)与
扭月贝属(Strophomena)虽分别归于扭月贝
科的两个亚科,但它们的特征却很相似,对它
们的属征差异各家观点不一致。经过对国
内 外 文 献 中 归 于 Katastrophomena 与
Strophomena 两属共计 31 种(其中 3 个亚
种,3 个未定种)52 个标本(其中 7 个正型,23
个副型,6 个亚型,4 个选型)进行统计学上的
判别分析,建立判别方程并证明其有效性,将
两属定量地区分开来,较为科学地明确了它
们的属征差异,确证了 Katastrophomena 属
的分类地位。对 K.(Costistrophomena)与 K.
(Katastrophomena)两个亚属的壳线频率进
行统计分析,认为两者不存在本质差异,建议
将它们合并。
2011010213
南中国海现代腕足类 Shimodaia 属一新种
= A New Species of the Recent Brachiopod
Genus Shimodaia (Laqueoidea: Terebratulida)
from the South China Sea. ( 英 文 ).
MacKinnon D I; Long S L. Paleontological
Research, 2009, 13(4): 309-317.
A new species of laqueoid brachiopod from
Macclesfield Bank, South China Sea, Shimo-
daia macclesfieldensis sp. nov., is described
and compared with the Japanese type species
of the genus Shimodaia, S. pterygiota
MacKinnon, Saito, and Endo, 1997. S. mac-
clesfieldensis sp. nov. is also compared with
Frenulina sanguinolenta (Gmelin), a similarly
coloured but generally larger laqueoid which
is widely distributed in the tropical western
Pacific. Since the annular adult loop phase of
Shimodaia is comparable with the juvenile
loop phases of other laqueoids, the possibility
of evolutionary convergence of the two geo-
graphically disjunct species from independent
68
preexisting laqueoid stocks cannot be ruled
out entirely.
2011010214
新疆西北部准噶尔盆地晚泥盆世小嘴贝类
腕 足 动 物 = Late Devonian rhynchonellids
(Brachiopoda) from the Junggar Basin, north-
western Xinjiang. ( 英 文 ). Chen Xiu-Qin;
Yang Zhen. Palaeoworld, 2011, 20(1): 46-60
Rhynchonellid brachiopods from the Late
Devonian (broadly late Frasnian–Famennian)
Hongguleleng Formation in the Junggar Basin,
northwestern Xinjiang, consist of 12 species
(six not identified to species-level) in 11 gen-
era. Three new species are established with
the aid of serial sections: Sinotectirostrum
triangularum, Evanescirostrum gracilis and
Megalopterorhynchus boulongourensis. Some
previously reported taxa are revised.
2011010215
贵州东部寒武纪黔东世杷榔组腕足动物的
新材料 = New Material Of Brachiopods From
The Qiandongian(Lower Cambrian) Balang
Formation,Eastern Guizhou,China. (中文). 彭
进 ; 赵 元 龙 ; 秦 琴 ; 闫 旭 ; 马 海 涛 . 古 生物学
报, 2010, 49(3): 365-379
贵州寒武纪黔东世杷榔组腕足动物由 3
属 3 种组成,其中含 2 新种,均属舌形贝亚门,
包括舌形贝类的 Lingulellotreta malongen-
sis(Rong,1974) 、 博 茨 傅 徒 贝 类 的
Diandongia circularis sp.nov.和隐孔贝类的
Askepasma transversalis sp.nov.。化石产自
黔东地区凯里市、剑河交榜、台江革一等
地 杷 榔 组 中 Arthricocephalus chauveaui-
Changaspis elongata 三叶虫组合带。杷榔组
腕足动物组合与云南黑林铺组和乌龙箐组
腕足动物组合较为相似,均含有舌形贝类、
博茨傅徒贝类和神父贝类的代表。起源于
早寒武世筇竹寺期的 Lingulellotreta malon-
gensis 不仅延伸进入了沧浪铺期,还出现在
较深水的陆棚斜坡环境,其演化在区域和时
代分布上具有一定的继承性。杷榔组
Diandongia circularis sp.nov.的发现是云南
早寒武世 Diandongia 腕足动物辐射演化适
应更宽环境的结果。Askepasma Laurie,1986
仅见于澳大利亚中部 Amadeus 盆地 Todd
河早寒武世白云岩中,杷榔组该属化石的发
现，可扩展其地理分布，增加该属动物分
类学的新信息。
2011010216
腕足 Chaoiellinae 新亚科：繁殖系统的种
系发生学研究和位置 = Brachiopods of the
subfamily chaoiellinae subfam. nov.: Phylog-
eny and position in the productidin systemat-
ics. ( 英 文 ). Lazarev S S. Paleontological
Journal, 2011, 45(1): 22–32 3 图版.
Two new tribes Chaoiellini and Rugatiini
with smoothed ribs on the disk and late
appearance of high corpus cavity in the
phylogeny and ontogeny are distinguished
within the new subfamily Chaoiellinae. New
genera Altaiproductus and Alpavlia are
considered to be phyletic ancestors of
Chaoiella. The latter genus is revised and
redescribed.
2011010217
帕米尔高原东南部晚二叠世新的 Chonetids
（腕足类） = New late Permian Chonetids
(brachiopoda) from Southeastern Pamirs. (英
文). Afanasjeva G A. Paleontological Jour-
nal, 2011, 45(1): 35-39 1 图版.
New chonetid genera and species
Subtilichonetes pamiricus gen. et sp. nov.
(subfamily Undulellinae, family
Rugosochonetidae) and Parvichonetes
igrimiusensis gen. et sp. nov. (subfamily
Tornquistiinae, family Anopliidae) are
described from the Takhtabulak Formation,
Changhsingian Stage of the Upper Permian of
Southeastern Pamir.
2011010218
欧洲和北非发现的一种华南中泥盆世腕足
动 物 Intermedites Struve,1995 = Inter-
medites Struve,1995(Brachiopoda,Middle De-
vonian)——Discovery Of A South Chinese
Immigrant In Europe And North Africa. (英
文). Schemm-Gregory M. 古生物学报, 2010,
49(4): 425-438
在北非和欧洲中西部中泥盆世地层中发
现的石燕类属 Intermedites 被认为是从早泥
盆世腕足动物属 Arduspirifer 演化而来,二者
具有相同的地理分布。将 Intermedites 与来
自欧洲和亚洲(华南和越南)的无窗贝型石燕
类属进行详细比较,发现 Intermedites 应该源
于 华 南 的 某 种 类 群 , 如 Rostrospirifer 和
Otospirifer,分支分析也支持这一解释。文中
还对相关属进行基于系统切片的三维复原,
清楚地显示了这些属在形态上的相似性与
差异性。自泥盆纪埃姆斯晚期华南石燕类
腕足动物向西迁移,进一步证实了早泥盆世
期间华南腕足动物土著性的丧失。
69
 2011010219
巴西乌巴托巴湾腕足动物小嘴贝类
Bouchardia rosea 壳的埋葬学：在古环境
分析中对埋葬特征应用的意义 = Taphon-
omy of Bouchardia rosea (Rhynchonellifor-
mea, Brachiopoda) shells from Ubatuba Bay,
Brazil: implications for the use of taphonomic
signatures in (paleo)environmental analysis.
( 英 文 ). Rodrigues S C; Simoes M G.
Ameghiniana: Revista de la asociacion Pale-
ontologica Argentina, 2010, 47(3): 373-386
This study analyzes taphonomic alteration
of brachiopod shells, i.e., Bouchardia rosea
(Mawe) from Ubatuba Bay, northern coast of
Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The average age of
the studied shell deposits is 674 years BP. The
underlying hypothesis is that taphonomic sig-
natures are not uniformly distributed along a
bathymetric gradient. Assemblages were sam-
pled using a Van Veen grab sampler (31 x
40cm) along transect of fourteen stations from
zero (beach) to 35 m water depth. Four sedi-
mentary environments were recognized: (a)
beach, (b) protected bay with clay bottom, (c)
protected bay with sandy bottom, and (d) in-
ner shelf with sandy bottom. All brachiopod
shells (i.e., total fraction including fragments)
from each of the five stations with appreciable
accumulations (up to 1607 shells) were inves-
tigated following a protocol of ten taphonomic
signatures. Six of these ten taphonomic signa-
tures (articulation, fragmentation, edge altera-
tion, color alteration, bioerosion, and encrusta-
tion) were homogeneously distributed among
studied environments, indicating that these
general types of taphonomic signatures per se
are not sensitive to environmental conditions
in this case. On the other hand, shell surface
texture varied along the bathymetric gradient,
thus showing a high potential to be used in
taphofacies analyses. Several examples of ta-
phonomic generalizations available in the lit-
erature are neither applicable nor comparable
to our results, which further confirm that
overgeneralizations should be avoided in ta-
phonomic studies.
2011010220
阿根廷西部前科迪勒拉地体下-中奥陶统碳
酸盐岩地台的腕足动物序列：一个环境、
生物地理和演化过程之间互相作用的实例
= Brachiopod Succession In The Lower- Mid-
dle Ordovician Carbonate Platform Of The
Precordillera Terrane,Western Argentina:An
Example Of Interplay Between Environ-
mental,Biogeographic And Evolutionary
Processes. (英文). Benedetto J L. 古生物学
报, 2007, 46(增刊): 28-36
特马豆克晚期-弗洛早期生存于前科迪勒
拉碳酸盐岩台地的首个腕足动物群落是由
少量机会性的 orthoid 和 porambonitoid 种为
主。Plectambonitoids 首先出现于地台中部
环境中的 P.elegans 带。随后，ɑ 分异度的
增加主要来源于 taffiids 的区域多样化以及
一些 orthides 在重要海平面上升期间的迁
入。后继的与礁有关的相则被低分异度的
Monorthis 和 Aporthophyla 组所占据。前科
迪勒拉盆地在达瑞威尔期的持续变深使富
含 plectambonitoid 的群落迅速重建。由于
碳酸盐岩台地被淹没，一些小型
plectambonitoids、orthides 和 skenidiids 群
落首次在缺氧深水中发育。一般说来，相
的替换主要控制古生态结构和腕足类组合
的分类多样性，而丰度在陆棚中部和开放
陆棚环境中最大。近乎一般的腕足动物 ɑ
分异度增量来自于 plectambonitoids 在陆棚
中部和开放陆棚环境中的多样化。前科迪
勒拉地体的位移实质性地影响了属级及更
高级别的分类组成。现有的证据表明，当
前科迪勒拉地体接近环冈瓦纳地区的
Famatina 盆地时群落的迁移速率变高。
2011010221
斯洛文尼亚西北部 Julian Alps 上三叠统无
绞腕足类 Discinisca 属的新记录 = New re-
cord of the inarticulate brachiopod genus
Discinisca from the Upper Triassic (Carnian)
of the Julian Alps, NW Slovenia. (英文). Bit-
ner M A; Jurkovsed B; Kolar-Jurkovsek T.
Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie u. Palaontologie
/ Abhandlungen, 2010, 257(3): 367-372
The collection represents both ventral and
borsal valves which are relatively large, orna-
mented by faint radial lines and growth lines.
The described here Discinisca cf. zapfei from
Slovenia by its delicate radial ornamentation
resembles D. zapfei from the Upper Triassic
of the Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria, dif-
fering in the position of the apex.
2011010222
日本西南部九洲中部 Mizukoshi 组二叠纪
腕足动物: 系统描述、古生物地理和大地构
造意义 = Permian brachiopods from the Mi-
zukoshi Formation, central Kyushu, SW Japan:
Systematics, palaeobiogeography and tectonic
implications. ( 英 文 ). Tazawa J I. Paleon-
tological Research, 2008, 12(1): 37-61
70
 This study describes a brachiopod fauna,
consisting of 22 species in 19 genera, from the
Upper Permian (Lopingian) Mizukoshi For-
mation in the Mizukoshi area of central Kyu-
shu, southwest Japan. The fauna includes
three new species: Anidanthus mizukoshiensis,
Terrakea yanagidai and Rhynchopora matsu-
motoi. The Mizukoshi fauna is a Boreal-
Tethyan mixed fauna allied with the Middle
Permian brachiopod faunas of central Japan
(Rida Gaien Belt), northeast Japan (South Ki-
takami Belt) and eastern Russia (South Pri-
morye). Palaeobiogeographical data on the
Mizukoshi fauna suggest that during the Mid-
dle-Late Permian the Mizukoshi area was lo-
cated between the Hida Gaien region to the
north and the South Kitakami region to the
south, bordering the eastern margin of North
China (Sino-Korea). This conclusion supports
a strike-slip model that describes large-scale
sinistral strike-slip movement along the Tana-
kura Tectonic Line (TTL)-Median Tectonic
Line (MTL) from the Early Cretaceous to
Palaeogene.
软 体 动 物
2011010223
软 体 动 物 腹 足 类 新 名 Cerithium harz-
hauseri 为 Cerithium (Ptychocerithium)
archiaci Vredenburg, 1928 而非 Cerithium
archiaci Hébert and Renevier, 1854 的新的
替换名 = Cerithium harzhauseri nom. nov., a
New Replacement Name for Cerithium
(Ptychocerithium) Archiaci Vredenburg, 1928,
non Cerithium archiaci Hébert and Renevier,
1854 (Mollusca: Gastropoda). (英文). Matsu-
bara T. Paleontological Research, 2010, 14(1):
81-82
2011010224
新喀里多尼亚（西太平洋法属海外领地）
早侏罗世（赫塘阶-新涅缪尔阶)菊石 =
Early Jurassic (Hettangian - Sinemurian)
Ammonites from New Caledonia (French
Overseas Territory, Western Pacific). (英文).
Meister C; Maurizot P; Grant-Mackie J A.
Paleontological Research, 2010, 14(2): 85-
118
Seventeen ammonite taxa are described and
placed in their biostratigraphic framework
which covers parts of the Hettangian and
Early Sinemurian ages. They show on the one
hand strong paleogeographic affinities with
the western Tethys [Ectocentrites, Paradasy-
ceras and Angulaticeras (Sulciferites) cf.
marmoreum Oppel] and, at the same time, less
strongly expressed affinities with eastern Pa-
cific areas with Eolytoceras. Nevertheless the
Early Jurassic of New Caledonia essentially
reveals a strong endemism due to the presence
of ammonites like Kammerkarites paucico-
statum (Avias) and Ectocentrites thibaudi nov.
sp. and to some New Zealand ammonites like
Murihikuites mackellari Stevens or Ne-
vadaphyllites (?) pounamuus Stevens. More
ubiquitous forms like Arnioceras aff. bodleyi
(Buckman) and Phylloceras (?) cf. psilomor-
phum Neumayr are also present.
2011010225
日本西南部神户城始新世 Tainohata 组软
体动物 = Eocene Mollusca from the Taino-
hata Formation in Kôbe City, Southwest Japan.
(英文). Matsubara T; Kurita H; Matsuo H.
Paleontological Research, 2010, 14(2): 119–
144
The Tertiary Tainohata Formation of the
Kôbe Group has yielded 10 species of Gastro-
poda and 19 species of Bivalvia. The forma-
tion is of late Middle Eocene age on the basis
of the dinoflagellate cyst assemblage and ra-
diometric data. The occurrences of the genera
Trinacria, Vicarya, and Sulcobuccinum
strongly support an Eocene age for the Taino-
hata Formation. The molluscan fauna shows
high endemism at the species level, whereas it
is characterized by Tethyan—Indo-West Pa-
cific genera. Two indigenous molluscan as-
semblages, Potamides-Cyclina and Corbicula,
were discriminated. The composition of these
assemblages compares with those of the Neo-
gene intertidal assemblages in embayments.
This fact indicates that “temporal parallelism”
in the shallow embayment assemblages can be
traced back to the late Middle Eocene age in
the Japanese Islands.
The following 10 new species are proposed
herein: Potamides huzitai sp. nov., Cerithid-
eopsilla hondai sp. nov., Crepidula taino-
hataensis sp. nov., Cantharus (s.l.) andoi sp.
nov., Barbatia nodal sp. nov., Trinacria nip-
ponica sp. nov., Trapezium (Neotrapezium)
kobe sp. nov., Tellina (Gastranopsis?) su-
maensis sp. nov., Corbicula (Corbicula) uejii
sp. nov., and Pitar ozakii sp. nov.
2011010226
日本北海道土仑阶头足类鞘形亚纲
Vampyromorphida 目 Nanaimoteuthis 属新
种的颚 = Jaws of a New Species of Nanai-
moteuthis (Coleoidea: Vampyromorphida)
from the Turonian of Hokkaido, Japan. (英文).
71
Tanabe K; Hikida Y. Paleontological Re-
search, 2010, 14(2): 145-150
A new Late Cretaceous vampyromorphid
coleoid, Nanaimoteuthis yokotai sp. nov. is
described on the basis of two lower jaws re-
covered from the Turonian of Hokkaido, Ja-
pan. The lower jaw of this new species con-
sists of equally sized outer and inner lamellae,
and the crest portion of the latter is wholly
covered by the former. The maximum length
of the outer lamella in the holotype attains
63.7 mm, suggesting a remarkably large body
size of the living animal. The new specimens
reported herein and other occurrences of
cephalopod jaws and gladii which were previ-
ously described from Hokkaido (Japan) and
Vancouver Island (Canada) demonstrate the
existence of a comparatively highly diverse
coleoid fauna including -in some cases excep-
tionally large- specimens of the Teuthida,
Vampyromorphida, Cirroctopodida, Octopo-
dida, and Sepiida in the Late Cretaceous North
Pacific.
2011010227
日本北海道晚白垩世土仑期首个 Diplobelid
鞘形类 = The First Diplobelid Coleoid from
the Late Cretaceous (Turonian) of Hokkaido
(Japan). (英文). Fuchs D; Niko S. Paleon-
tological Research, 2010, 14(3): 169-178
Outcrops of the Turonian Saku Formation
in the Obira region of Hokkaido (northern
Japan) have yielded two breviconic phragmo-
cones that represent a previously unknown
species of Conoteuthis, a comparatively well
known genus of diplobelid coleoids. The se-
lected holotype of Conoteuthis hayakawai sp.
nov. preserves a spherical protoconch that
deviates slightly from the longitudinal axis of
the phragmocone and is the first record of a
protoconch in Conoteuthis. Conoteuthis haya-
kawai sp. nov. differs only slightly from the
type species Conoteuthis dupiniana from the
Hauterivian-Aptian of Europe and
Conoteuthis azizi Fuchs et al. from the Ceno-
manian of southeastern India through its
weakly developed dorsal saddles. Conoteuthis
hayakawai sp. nov. is the youngest report as
well as the first record of the Diplobelida from
the Paleopacific. This new find considerably
extends the stratigraphical and geographical
occurrence of the Diplobelida. Phylogeneti-
cally, the genus Conoteuthis is considered to
be an isolated group within the Diplobelida.
With respect to the controversial origin of the
Sepiida and Spirulida, morphological com-
parisons have shown that the genus
Conoteuthis cannot be a potential stem-group
of the Sepiida and/or Spirulida.
2011010228
白垩纪菊石 Takahashia 属的分类位置和起
源 = Systematic Position and Origin of the
Cretaceous Ammonoid Genus Takahashia. (英
文). Shigeta Y; Hoffmann R; Izukura M. Pa-
leontological Research, 2010, 14(3): 196-201
A second specimen of Takahashia
eureka Matsumoto, 1984, from the lowest
Cenomanian in the Hobetsu area of Hokkaido
(Northern Japan), is described, and the diag-
nosis of the taxon is revised following a care-
ful reexamination of the holotype. The pres-
ence of partially developed, minutely crinkled
ribs on the shell implies that Takahashia had a
close phylogenetic relationship with the long-
ranging taxon Lytoceras (upper Sinemurian-
Cenomanian), and we therefore assign it to the
subfamily Lytoceratidae of the family Lyto-
ceratidae. Evolution of Takahashia from Lyto-
ceras supports the existence of a unique fauna
in the North Pacific at the Albian-Cenomanian
transition.
2011010229
日本北海道和美国阿拉斯加马斯特里赫特
阶菊石 Gaudryceras izumiense 及其生物地
层意义 = Gaudryceras izumiense Matsumoto
and Morozumi, a Maastrichtian Ammonoid
from Hokkaido and Alaska and Its Biostrati-
graphic Implications. (英文). Shigeta Y; Ta-
nabe K; Izukura M. Paleontological Re-
search, 2010, 14(3): 202-211
Gaudryceras izumiense Matsumoto and
Morozumi, 1980, an ammonoid of early
Maastrichtian age, occurs frequently in the
Izumi Group in the Izumi Mountains, South-
west Japan. Described herein are two speci-
mens referable to this species that were re-
cently collected from the Hakobuchi Forma-
tion of the Yezo Group in the Hobetsu area,
Hokkaido and from the Matanuska Formation
in the southern Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska.
In the past, a precise biostratigraphic correla-
tion of the uppermost Cretaceous in the North
Pacific realm has been difficult because of the
lack of common zonal-index taxa, but the dis-
covery of G. izumiense in Hokkaido and
Alaska has made it possible to correlate lower
Maastrichtian strata in these localities with
coeval strata in Southwest Japan. Gaudry-
ceratid ammonoids are fairly abundant in the
uppermost Cretaceous of the North Pacific
realm, and consequently, they are ideal taxa
72
for the establishment of a precise biostrati-
graphic correlation framework for the upper-
most Cretaceous in this vast area.
2011010230
美 国 得 克 萨 斯 晚 石 炭 世 头 足 类
Brachycycloceras? spectrum 再评估 = Re-
evaluation of the Late Carboniferous cephalo-
pod, Brachycycloceras? spectrum Hansman,
1965 from Texas, USA. ( 英 文 ). Niko S;
Mapes R H. Paleontological Research, 2010,
14(4): 227-232
New material of the Virgilian (Upper Car-
boniferous) nautiloid cephalopod Brachycy-
cloceras? spectrum Hansman, 1965, from the
Necessity Shale and the Finis Shale (the type
stratum of this species) members of the Gra-
ham Formation in Texas, has prompted a re-
evaluation of this insufficiently described spe-
cies. On the basis of morphologic differences
between the present material and Brachycy-
cloceras normale Miller, Dunbar and Condra,
1933, the type species of the genus, the spe-
cies is transferred from its previous placement
with reservation to the orthoceratid genus
Cryptocycloceras Shimansky, 1968 as C.
spectrum (Hansman, 1965). Specimens of
Cryptocycloceras have been recovered from
Russia, and an older, related genus Hidamich-
elinoceras Niko, 2000 has been recovered in
Japan.
2011010231
日本早白垩世 Tetori 群 Kuwajima 组陆生
和淡水肺螺腹足类 = Terrestrial and Fresh-
water Pulmonate Gastropods from the Early
Cretaceous Kuwajima Formation, Tetori
Group, Japan. (英文). Isaji S. Paleontological
Research, 2010, 14(4): 233-243
Five species of pulmonate gastropods are
described from the fluvial deposits of the
Early Cretaceous Kuwajima Formation (Tetori
Group) of Shiramine district, Hakusan City,
Ishikawa Prefecture, central Japan. Gyraulus
sp., Aplexa kasekikabe sp. nov. and Zap-
tychius kuwajimaensis sp. nov. appear to be
inhabitants of the marginal zone in shallow
lakes. Pseudarinia wangyingensis and Te-
toripupa costata gen. et sp. nov. are land
snails that probably inhabited vegetated
swamps located near shallow lakes. T. costata
is the earliest record of the stylommatophoran
pulmonate clade Pupilloidea. This fauna con-
tains a common and closely related species to
the Jehol molluscan fauna from the Early Cre-
taceous of northern China, and also appears to
be utilizable for paleoenvironmental analysis
of terrestrial to freshwater microhabitats.
2011010232
越南中部清和省中三叠世 Quy Lang 组菊
石 Balatonites 属的发现 = Discovery of the
Middle Triassic Ammonoid Balatonites in the
Quy Lang Formation, Thanh Hoa Province,
Central Vietnam. (英文). Shigeta Y; Komatsu
T; Nguyen Dinh Huu; Dang Tran Huyen;
Iwakiri N. Paleontological Research, 2010,
14(4): 244-249
The discovery of Balatonites sp. in the
lower part of the Quy Lang Formation in the
Lang Nuoc area, Thanh Hoa Province, Central
Vietnam establishes that this portion of the
formation is of late Middle Anisian age. This
ammonoid's cooccurrence with Costatoria
goldfussi mansuyi and Trigonodus tonkinensis
suggests that this widely distributed bivalve
assemblage in Asian shallow marine facies is
at least partly of late Middle Anisian age, and
its discovery may provide an important key
for the establishment of a precise biostrati-
graphic framework for the Middle Triassic of
Asia.
2011010233
斯匹次卑尔根 Volgian 阶菊石和地层新资
料 = New data on ammonites and stratigraphy
of the Volgian stage in Spitzbergen. (英文).
Rogov M A. Stratigraphy and Geological
Correlation, 2010, 18(5): 505-531
The stratigraphy of the Volgian in Spitzber-
gen is refined based on the new fossil collec-
tions. The lower Volgian is poorly character-
ized by ammonites being not subdivided into
zones, and the only recognized stratigraphic
unit within it are the Beds with Paravirgatites
sp. in the upper part of the lower Volgian. The
Pavlovia rugosa, Dorsoplanites ilovaiskii,
Crendonites anguinus, and Praechetaites ex-
oticus zones, the antiquus, erschovae, sachsi,
sokolovi, laevigatus, and lambecki faunal ho-
rizons, and Beds with Laugeites cf. gro-
enlandicus are recognized for the first time in
the middle Volgian of Spitzbergen. Two suc-
cessive levels are identified in the upper Vol-
gian Craspedites okensis Zone characterized
by differing morphotypes of Craspedites
okensis. The Craspedites taimyrense Zone is
proposed instead of the Craspedites nodiger
Zone. No ammonites of the terminal Volgian
Chetaites chetae Zone have so far been found
in Spitzbergen. New species of Epivirgatites
sokolovi sp. nov., E. laevigatus sp. nov.,
Praechetaites erschovae sp. nov., and P. con-
73
fusus sp. nov. are described. The diagnosis of
the genus Praechetaites is expanded.
2011010234
关于伏尔加阶 Praechetaites exoticus 带的
位置 = On position of the Praechetaites exoti-
cus Zone in the Volgian Stage. (英文). Mele-
dina S V; Alifirov A S; Shurygin B N. Strati-
graphy and Geological Correlation, 2010,
18(5): 550-554
The stratigraphic position of the
Praechetaites exoticus Zone in the Volgian
Stage is discussed in the context of published
suggestions to place this unit in the middle
Volgian Substage.
2011010235
双壳类尖嘴蛤科个体发育的演化和种系发
生 = Phylogeny and evolution of ontogeny of
the family Oxytomidae Ichikawa, 1958 (Mol-
lusca: Bivalvia). (英文). Lutikov O A; Temkin
I E; Shurygin B N. Stratigraphy and Geologi-
cal Correlation, 2010, 18(4): 376-391
We described ontogenies and reconstructed
morphogeneses of hinges in some supraspeci-
fic taxa of the bivalve family Oxytomidae
Ichikawa, 1958 from the Mesozoic of Russia.
The phylogeny of the family is reconstructed
using evolutionary and cladistic methods. The
appearance of the endemic genus Arctotis
Bodylevsky, 1960 in the epicontinental seas of
Siberia can be explained in terms of gradual
transformations of the ligament and byssal
apparatus in the Northern Siberian members
of Praemeleagrinella Lutikov et Shurygin,
2009 and Praearctotis Lutikov et Shurygin,
2009.
2011010236
西伯利亚北部下卡洛夫阶新的菊石分带 =
New ammonite zonation of the lower Call-
ovian in North Siberia. (英文). Knyazev V G;
Kutygin R V; Meledina S V. Stratigraphy and
Geological Correlation, 2010, 18(4): 392-410
The lower Callovian succession observable
in cliffs of Anabar Bay and Bolshoi Begichev
Island is described with consideration of zonal
subdivisions and beds with ammonites. The
unified summary biozonation suggested for
North Siberia includes the Cadoceras elatmae
Zone with C. frearsi and C. elatmae (instead
former C. anabarense) subzones, subsequent
C. tschernyschewi and C. tolype zones, and
successive C. cf. sublaeve, Rondiceras mi-
laschevici, and Cadoceras ex gr. durum (for-
merly part of the middle Callovian) beds. As
in Siberia and East Europe there are species in
common C. elatmae (Nik.), C. frearsi (Orb.),
C. tolype Buck., and C. emelianzevi Vor.; cer-
tain ammonite zones of Siberian succession
are directly correlated with the East European,
East Greenland and standard zonations. It is
concluded that the lower Callovian is com-
pletely represented in Siberia. The lower part
of the interval, formerly attributed to the mid-
dle Callovian, represents the upper part of the
lower Callovian Substage. Zones established
in the lower Callovian succession of Siberia
are contiguous, whereas equivalents of the
Elatmae Subzone and Tschernyschewi Zone
have not been distinguished in sections of East
Greenland. Evolutionary trends of species in
subfamily Cadoceratinae are preliminary dis-
cussed.
2011010237
下侏罗统普林斯巴阶和亚阶界线世界范围
菊石对比 = Worldwide ammonite correlation
at the Pliensbachian Stage and Substage
Boundaries (Lower Jurassic). (英文). Meister
C. Stratigraphy, 2010, 7(1): 83-101
The present paper is an inventory of the
biostratigraphical ammonite data at the
boundaries of the Sinemurian and Pliensba-
chian Stages and of the Lower-Upper Pliens-
bachian Substages. Sinemurian and Pliensba-
chian Stages belong to the Early Jurassic (Lias)
and the age of their boundary is 190 my. fol-
lowing the last version of the Geologic Time
scale compiled by Walker and Geissman
(2009). Since 2006, the Global boundary Stra-
totype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base
of the Pliensbachian Stage is formally defined
at Wine Haven in Yorkshire Coast (UK). This
level coincides with the ammonite association
Bifericeras donovani Dommergues and
Meister and Apoderoceras sp. which define
the base of the Taylori Sub-chronozone of the
Jamesoni Chronozone. For the Lower-Upper
Pliensbachian boundary, estimated at 186.5
my. there is no formal definition with a GSSP
until now. Several options remain open as
well in the Euroboreal Domain (Hebrides,
Yorshire, Dorset in UK, Causses Basin in
France, Cordillera Iberica in Spain, Lusitanian
Basin in Portugal) as in the Tethyan Domain
(Subbeticas in Spain, Apennines in Italy, Ba-
kony in Hungary). Worldwide correlations
(Euroboreal, Tethyan and East Pacific Do-
mains) at these boundaries are proposed based
on ammonites after critical review of their
taxonomy and biostratigraphy. Indeed for
Lower Jurassic, ammonites represent the best
74
fossil group for precise biostratigraphy and
correlation and that is why the standard
chronostratigraphic framework (at zonal level)
has been based on them since Oppel (1856-58).
2011010238
早提塘阶菊石属 Virgatosimoceras 的修正
和对比价值 = The Early Tithonian (Late Ju-
rassic) ammonite genus Virgatosimoceras
Spath (Ammonoidea: Simoceratidae) - revi-
sion and value for correlation. (英文). Scherz-
inger A; Fozy I; Parent H. Neues Jahrbuch fur
Geologie u. Palaontologie / Abhandlun-
gen, 2010, 256(2): 195-212
New findings of the Early Tithonian genus
Virgatosimoceras from Hungary confirm the
existence of a new chronospecies (Virgatosi-
moceras dunaii n. sp.) which fills the gap be-
tween V. albertinum and V. rothpletzi. All fig-
ured records of Virgatosimoceras are revised.
Micro- and macroconchs are tentatively dis-
tinguished for the first time. Similarities be-
tween Virgatosimoceras and some homoeo-
morphic perisphinctids are discussed. Based
on the known records, is concluded that the
genus was restricted to the western Tethys.
2011010239
伊朗晚三叠世 Nayband 组腹足类及其与其
它特提斯动物群的关系并兼评三叠纪腹足
类的躯体尺寸问题 = Gastropods from the
Late Triassic Nayband Formation (Iran), their
relationships to other Tethyan faunas and re-
marks on the Triassic gastropod body size
problem. ( 英 文 ). Nutzel A; Mannani M;
Senowbari-Daryan B; Yazdi M. Neues Jahr-
buch fur Geologie u. Palaontologie / Abhand-
lungen, 2010, 256(2): 213-228
A collection of marine gastropods consists
of 67 specimens representing 11 species (two
species are new: Cryptaulax? hautmanni and
Rhynchocerithium esfahanense). Species rich-
ness, diversity indices as well as rarefaction
analysis suggest a comparatively low diversity.
The gastropods from the Cassian Formation
are smaller than two centimetres. However,
the Cassian gastropod fauna is not necessarily
dwarfed or stunted because a small size is not
unusual for gastropods and even the majority
of extant gastropod species is smaller than 1-2
cm.
2011010240
伊朗中部 Hambast 组晚二叠世 Dhulfian 阶
菊石新种 = New species of Dzhulfian (Late
Permian) ammonoids from the Hambast For-
mation of Central Iran. (英文). Zakharova Yu
D; Abnavi N M; Yazdi M; Ghaedi M. Paleon-
tological Journal, 2010, 44(6): 614-621 4 图
版.
New ammonoid species of the genus Ar-
axoceras (A. abarquense sp. nov. and A. ira-
nense sp. nov.) are described from the Early
Dzhulfian (Early Wuchiapingian) beds of the
Hambast Formation of Central Iran (Abade).
The data on the distribution of Paraceltites
(Paraceltites sp.) and Vedioceras (V. umbono-
varum Ruzhencev), for the first time discov-
ered in the Dzhulfian beds of Abade, and of
Eoaraxoceras are provided. The correlation of
the Late Permian assemblages of ammonoids
of Iran and Transcaucasia is amended.
2011010241
俄 罗 斯 地 台 Volgian 阶 上 部 菊 石
Kachpurites = Late Volgian Kachpurites
Spath (Craspeditidae, Ammonoidea) of the
Russian platform. (英文). Mitta V V. Paleon-
tological Journal, 2010, 44(6): 622-631 5 图
版.
Ammonites of the genus Kachpurites are
characteristic of the lower part of the Upper
Volgian Substage of the Russian Platform. K.
fulgens fulgens (Trautschold), K. fulgens
tscheremkhensis Mitta et al., K. subfulgens
(Nikitin) are established in the fulgens zone.
The genus Kachpurites also includes ammon-
ites previously described as Anivanovia mola
Kiselev. The holotype of Volgidiscus singu-
laris Kiselev belongs to K. mola, wheras some
of its paratypes belong to Craspedites krylovi
Prigorovsky. The generic name Anivanovia
Kiselev, 2003 is considered as a junior subjec-
tive synonym Kachpurites Spath, 1924. The
beds with Kachpurites mola are in the basal
part of the Upper Volgian subditus Zone. Spe-
cies of the genus Kachpurites are described,
and macro- and microconchs are established
within the species.
2011010242
前寒武纪软体动物发生的古生物学证据 =
Paleontological evidence for the supposed
precambrian occurrence of mollusks. (英文).
Ivantsov A Yu. Paleontological Journal, 2010,
44(12): 1552-1559 3 图版.
The paper discusses a group of the Late
Vendian fossils supposedly related to mol-
lusks. The fossils include imprints with some
anatomical characteristics of mollusks, traces
resembling scratch marks left by radula, and
structures resembling soft shells. Kimberella
75
quadrata, which is represented by all the
above kinds of fossils was most likely a tro-
chophore animal of a pre-molluscan evolu-
tionary stage. Remains of Armillifera parva
and Solza margarita only slightly resemble
shells, and in the absence of the knowledge on
the soft body of these animals there are no
enongh evidences affiliate them with mollusks.
2011010243
现生鹦鹉螺的体管结构及其与马达加斯加
岛中生代鹦鹉螺和菊石的体管的比较 =
Siphuncular structure in the Recent Nautilus,
compared with that in Mesozoic nautilids and
ammonoids from Madagascar. (英文). Mutvei
H; Dunca E; Weitschat W. GFF, 2010, 132(3-
4): 161-166
The connecting ring in the Recent Nautilus
is composed of two layers: a fibrous, organic
inner layer, and a porous, spherulitic-prismatic
outer layer. The organic layer is an uncalcified
continuation from the nacreous layer of the
septal neck. In the Mesozoic nautilids Cyma-
toceras and Paracenoceras from Madagascar,
that have the Nautilus type of siphuncles, the
inner fibrous-organic layer of the connecting
ring has been destroyed by diagenesis. The
outer spherulitic-prismatic layer is twice as
thick as in Nautilus, which indicates that, in
addition to jet-powered swimming, they also
used short-term buoyancy changes for vertical
migrations, and that the mode of life of these
nautilids was somewhat different from that of
the Recent Nautilus. Moreover, the Madagas-
car nautilids lack the auxiliary ridge by which
the connecting ring in Nautilus is firmly at-
tached to the inner surface of the preceding
septal neck. The siphuncle in Nautilus can
therefore withstand a much higher hydrostatic
pressure than that in the fossil nautilids that
lacked this deposit. In ammonoids the fibrous-
organic layer of the connecting ring has a
solid, semi elastic structure. In all 11 ammon-
oid taxa from Madagascar here studied, this
layer is preserved whereas the nautilids from
the same stratigraphic horizons have lost this
layer. This clearly indicates that the fibrous-
organic layer of the connecting ring in nau-
tilids is chemically different from that in am-
monoids.
2011010244
地中海特提斯地区晚赫塘期菊石的罕现 =
A rare occurrence of Late Hettangian ammon-
ites (Angulaticeras and Paracaloceras) in the
Mediterranean Tethys (Rif, Northern Mo-
rocco). (英文). Dommergues J-L; Meister C;
Wildi W. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie u.
Palaontologie / Abhandlungen, 2010, 256(3):
335-351
Two additional Early Sinemurian ammonite
specimens are also studied and all the Early
and middle Lower Jurassic ammonites col-
lected earlier in this area and illustrated in the
literature are included in order to clarify the
biostratigraphical and palaeobiogeographical
framework. The Late Hettangian Moroccan
assemblage which includes Angulaticeras
marmoreum and Paracaloceras haueri is
close to the coeval faunas which have been
known since the 19th century in several fa-
mous fossiliferous localities of the Northern
Calcareous Alps.
节 肢 动 物
2011010245
欧洲化石淡水蟹概述 = Synopsis of the fossil
freshwater crabs of Europe (Brachyura; Pota-
moidea; Potamidae). (英文). Klaus S; Gross
M. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie u. Palaon-
tologie / Abhandlungen, 2010, 256(1): 39-59
All eight species are assigned to the genus
Potamon (Potamidae). There is no morpho-
logical evidence for a closer relationship with
African potamonautids. The oldest known
European freshwater crab is Potamon
quenstedti from Engelswies in southern Ger-
many. The last occurrence of potamids in
Central Europe prio to the Pleistocene is re-
corded in the Vienna Basin. In Italy freshwa-
ter crabs (Potamon castelinense) are docu-
mented well before the presumed postglacial
invasion of extant Potamon fluviatile. The
latest Pliocene-Pleistocene species Potamon
antiquum from northern Hungary probably
represents extinct populations of Potamon
ibericum at the northern limit of its range.
2011010246
蜘蛛化石的形态定量学识别：评论 = Mor-
phometric identification of fossil spiders:
Comment. (英文). Penney D; Langan A M.
Paleontological Journal, 2010, 44(6): 644-
648
Kinchloe Roberts et al. (2008) proposed a
technique, using outline-morphometric and
linear analyses to permit identification of spi-
der compression fossils to family level. This
work focussed on fossil spiders from the
Florissant Formation, Colorado, but the aim
was to investigate a technique that would be
broadly applicable to any compression fossil
deposit. Essentially, what they were trying to
accomplish was a shortcut for use in identify-
76
ing fossil spiders to family. While their claims
are promising, the methodology they used was
not without its limitations and the aim of our
paper is to discuss these and add further in-
sights in order to put the application of this
technique into a more appropriate context than
that originally claimed.
2011010247
驼金龟科（鞘翅目：金龟总科）的类金龟
子甲 虫中生代分 类群 = On the Mesozoic
taxa of scarabaeoid beetles of the family Hy-
bosoridae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea). (英文).
Nikolajev G V. Paleontological Journal, 2010,
44(6): 649-653 2 图版.
Three new species of scarabaeoid beetles of
the family Hybosoridae are described in the
new genus Protohybosorus, gen. nov. from the
Middle-Upper Jurassic of Kazakhstan
(Karatau-Mikhailovka locality). The Lower
Cretaceous species Geotrupoides fortus Ren,
Zhu et Lu, 1995 (Inner Mongolia, China) is
transferred to the genus Leptosorus Nikolajev,
2006.
2011010248
哈萨克斯坦侏罗纪（鞘翅目：毛象科）
Arnoldibelus Leg.属的 curculionoid 甲虫综
述 = Review of curculionoid beetles of the
genus Arnoldibelus Leg. from the Jurassic of
Kazakhstan (Coleoptera: Nemonychidae). (英
文 ). Legalov A A. Paleontological Jour-
nal, 2010, 44(6): 654-656 1 图版.
The genus Arnoldibelus is reviewed. Two
new species, A. zherichini and A. gratshevi,
closely related to A. karatavicus, from the
Middle-Late Jurassic of the Karatau Moun-
tains are described. An identification key to
species of the genus Arnoldibelus is provided.
2011010249
化石树脂中鲜为人知的直翅类昆虫（多新
翅部）新种：交流 4 = New and little-known
orthopteroid insects (Polyneoptera) from fossil
resins: Communication 4. (英文). Gorochov A
V. Paleontological Journal, 2010, 44(6): 657-
671 6 图版.
New taxa of Ensifera and Caelifera orthop-
terans (Insecta, Orthoptera), from the families
Gryllotalpidae [Marchandiinae, subfam. nov.
(Lower Cretaceous)], Haglotettigoniidae
[?Haglotettigonia aenigmatosa, sp. nov.
(Lower Cretaceous)], Tettigoniidae [Mecone-
matinae: Archixizicus occidentalis, gen. et sp.
nov. (Eocene), Eogrigoriora gracilis, gen. et
sp. nov. (Eocene), Miophlugis rostratus, gen.
et sp. nov. (Miocene)], Stenopelmatidae [Sii-
nae: Electrosia baltica, gen. et sp. nov. (Eo-
cene); Gryllacridinae: Plesiolarnaca prior,
gen. et sp. nov. (Eocene)] and Tridactylidae
[Mongoloxyinae: Birmitoxya intermedia, gen.
et sp. nov. (Upper Cretaceous). The Eocene
species Lipotactes martynovi Zeun. and L.
bispinatus Weidn. are transferred to the genus
Eomortoniellus Zeun. (Tettigoniidae: Tym-
panophorinae); Prorhaphidophora zeuneri
Chop. and P. tachycinoides Chop. are trans-
ferred to the genus Protroglophilus Gor.
(Rhaphidophoridae: Protroglophilinae). The
Eocene species E. handlirschi Zeun., species
of the genus Protroglophilus, and a possible
member of the genus Succinotettix Piton
(Tetrigidae: Tetriginae), as well as a Miocene
representative of the genus Archaeoellipes
Heads (Tridactylidae: Tridactylinae) are also
discussed.
2011010250
爱沙尼亚 Osmussaar 岛奥陶纪沉积侵入中
丰富和不均匀的介形亚纲动物群化石诠释
一次撞击事件 = Rich and heterogeneous fos-
sil ostracod fauna in the Ordovician sediment
intrusions at Osmussaar Island, Estonia, re-
veals an ancient impact event. (英文). Tinn O;
Meidla T; Ainsaar L; Kivioja K. GFF, 2010,
132(3-4): 201-211
Carbonate quartz-sandstone intrusions,
penetrating the brecciated limestone of the
Volkhov and Kunda Stages (Dapingian-early
Darriwilian) in the northwestern part of Esto-
nia have been posing questions about their
genesis for more than a century. The intru-
sions contain a rich, diverse and well pre-
served ostracod fauna, which is extremely
heterogeneous and shows associations of spe-
cies from different habitats or facies zones.
The ostracod fauna in the intrusions refers to
rapid horizontal mixing and displacement of a
thick layer of bottom sediments, possibly re-
sulting from a yet unknown impact event.
2011010251
苏格兰西南部碳酸盐岩相晚奥陶世（凯迪
期）介形类 = Ostracods from Upper Ordovi-
cian (Katian) carbonate lithofacies in south-
west Scotland. (英文). Mohibullah M; Afzal J;
Williams M; Meidla T; Siveter D J; Zal-
asiewicz J A. Geological Magazine, 2010,
147(6): 919-939
The Ordovician Craighead Limestone For-
mation of southwest Scotland was formed on a
carbonate platform on the eastern tropical
77
margin of the Laurentia palaeocontinent dur-
ing the early Katian (c. 456 Ma). It yields the
most diverse and well-preserved ostracod
fauna yet recovered from the Scottish Ordovi-
cian succession, with some 25 species divisi-
ble into two distinct marine biotopes compris-
ing shallow lagoonal and deeper platform
margin settings, respectively. The ostracods
show strong biogeographic links at species-
level with Sandbian and early Katian faunas of
North America, including Krausella arcuata,
Steusloffina cuneata, Monoceratella teres and
species of Levisulculus and Platybolbina.
However, many of the ostracod genera that
characterize the Craighead Limestone Forma-
tion have earlier origins in the Baltica palaeo-
continent, suggesting enhanced migration of
species from mid-(Baltica about 30 degrees S)
to low (Laurentia) latitudes in the late Sand-
bian and early Katian interval. Such Baltica-
origin genera include Distobolbina, Kiesowia
and Platybolbina. Notable is the wide bio-
geographic occurrence of Steusloffina cuneata,
extending from warm tropical Laurentia to
cooler high-latitude Gondwana, an enormous
latitudinal range for a shelf-dwelling marine
species. The possible Tvaerenellidae taxon
Duoarcus levigatus gen. et sp. nov. is de-
scribed.
2011010252
速足类介形虫闭肌连接物的角质层组织：
作为一种钙化的节肢动物的实例 = Cuticle
Formation of the Adductor Muscle Attach-
ment in a Podocopid Ostracod, as an Example
of a Calcified Arthropod. (英文). Yamada S;
Keyser D. Paleontological Research, 2009,
13(2): 103-118
The ostracod muscle scars have been used
as important characters to define the evolu-
tionary lineages of ostracods from the Palaeo-
zoic to the Recent, though the formation and
calcification of their muscle attachment have
never been investigated. The present paper
describes, for the first time, the cuticle forma-
tion of muscle attachment in a podocopid os-
tracod, as an example of a calcified arthropod.
The formation of the muscle attachment struc-
ture in a podocopid ostracod progresses
through the nearly same pathway as in other
arthropods. The muscle connects to the cuticle
by means of a specialised epidermal cell, the
tendinal cell. Strong desmosomes adhere the
muscle cell to the tendinal cell, while the
tendinal cell is connected to the cuticle by
hemidesmosomes with intracuticular fibres
(tonofibrillae). The deposition of the new pre-
exuvial cuticle takes place around the ex-
tended intracuticular fibres and these fibres
maintain the connection between the tendinal
cell and the old cuticle. At postecdysis the
cuticle of the carapace begins its calcification,
and immediately and rapidly increases its
thickness, but the calcification of the muscle
scars evidently progresses later than other
parts of the procuticle, due to the fact that part
of the tendinal cell is fully occupied with
force-transmitting structures, like micro-
tubules. Only the parts not engaged in force-
transmitting action have enough space in the
cell to store the granules to start the calcifica-
tion. Furthermore, the less organic matrix in
the procuticle of the muscle attachment area
also contributes to the delay of calcification.
The results of this paper provide information
on cuticle formation in the calcified arthro-
pods, which can be applied to fossil taxa, and
show the relationships between the calcified
and organic matrix during calcification. In
addition, this study suggests that arthropod
muscle scars, including in the fossil state, are
useful characters when discussing the con-
struction of muscular systems at the cellular
level, and available as stable criteria through
ontogeny for the comparative morphology of
the exoskeleton.
2011010253
日本中部中更新世 Sagami 群 Naganuma
组介形类：沿太平洋西北边缘海湾动物群
发现的意义 = Middle Pleistocene Ostracods
from the Naganuma Formation, Sagami Group,
Central Japan: Significance of the Occurrence
for the Bay Fauna Along the Northwest Pa-
cific Margin. (英文). Ozawa H. Paleontologi-
cal Research, 2009, 13(3): 231-244
The ostracod fauna from the middle Pleis-
tocene Naganuma Formation (ca. 0.5 Ma) in
the Sagami Group near Tokyo Bay, central
Japan, was investigated. This study reports for
the first time an ostracod fauna around 0.5 Ma
in the marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 13
of Japan. This fauna consists of 58 species,
and three assemblages were defined by Q-
mode cluster analysis. The depositional envi-
ronment of each assemblage can be defined as
(1) outer bay, influenced by the open sea with
relatively high salinity, (2) inner bay, with
relatively low salinity, and (3) central bay,
with intermediate salinity level between those
of (1) and (2). A decrease in water depth oc-
curred from the outer bay through the central
bay to the inner bay during the depositional
period of the studied horizons. The three most
78
abundant species of each assemblage are
Krithe japonica, Bicornucythere bisanensis
and Amphileberis nipponica. The fossil fauna
does not include the shallow-bay species
Neomonoceratina delicata, currently found
south of the Japanese main islands. This result
is consistent with previous palaeobio-
geographical studies of Japanese bay-dwelling
ostracods. Its absence near Tokyo Bay at 0.5
Ma would be due to the distance from its
original southern habitats and timing of the
species' northward migration.
C.elongata Lee in Chien, 1961, C.placenta
Qian et Lin in Zhang et al.,1980,
C.longispina(Lee,in Egorova et al.,1963),
C.nangaoensis Lu et Chien in Yin and
Lee,1978, C. ? transversa Zhou in Zhou et
al.,1977 和 C.taihuensis Zhang et Zhou,1985
之 间 形 态 差 异 并 不 明 显 。 C.micropyge,
C.placenta 应为 C.elongata 的晚出同义名,而
C.longispina, C.nangaoensis, C.taihuensis 和
C. ？transversa 建种时化石标本少，保存不
好，应是 C.elongata 晚出同义名。

2011010254 2011010256
贵州遵义松林寒武纪早期牛蹄塘生物群埋 英国东安格里 Red Crag 组 Pre-Ludhamian
藏 学 特 征 初 探 = Preliminary Taphonomic 阶（晚上新世-早更新世）甲壳动物介形类
Analyses Of The Early Cambrian Niutitang 冷水种的系统发育和古动物地理涉及太平
Biota Near Songlin,Zunyi,Guizhou. (中文). 崔 洋 种 的 最 早 到 达 期 = The Phylogeny and
滔;杨兴莲;赵元龙. 古生物学报, 2010, 49(2): Palaeozoogeography of Cold-Water Species
210-219 of Ostracod (Crustacea) from the Pre-
通过系统发掘发现遵义松林寒武纪早期 Ludhamian Stage (Late Pliocene-Early Pleis-
牛蹄塘生物群自下而上存在 3 个化石富集 tocene), Red Crag Formation, East Anglia,
England; with Reference to the Earliest Arri-
层:锐虾 Perspicaris 富集层、海绵动物富集
val of Pacific Species. (英文). Wood A M.
层和带有澄江生物群色彩的三叶虫、楔叶
Paleontological Research, 2009, 13(4): 345-
形虫 Sphenothallus 富集层。牛蹄塘生物群 366
化石保存完整、分选性差、无明显的定向 The Pliocene Epoch represents a significant
性、缺少软躯体化石和底内生物,结合岩 period in the palaeozoogeography of North
性、地球化学、构造等特征综合认为牛蹄 Atlantic, Arctic and northern Pacific po-
塘生物群是弱水动力作用下缓慢沉积的原 docopid ostracods. A climate crash during
地埋藏群落。牛蹄塘组沉积时期曾有过多 Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) G6 (c. 2.74 Ma)
resulted in the extinction of early-mid Plio-
次充氧事件,水体氧化时间的长短以及底层
cene thermophilic ostracods and the subse-
水氧化-还原界面的差异导致了不同的生物 quent emergence of oligothermal assemblages
组合。 during the late Pliocene. During the numerous
cold stages of the late Pliocene-early Pleisto-
2011010255 cene Arctic ostracod species were able to dis-
贵州黔东世(早寒武世)杷榔组 Changaspis perse southwards into the mid-latitudes of the
Lee in Chien,1961 的再研究 = Restudy Of North Atlantic. The Pre-Ludhamian Stage of
Changaspis(Lee),1961 From Qian- the Red Crag Formation, Suffolk, England
dongian(Early Cambrian)Balang Formation spans one such episode (c. 2.7–2.41 Ma) and
Near Eastern Guizhou,South China. (中文). thus offers new insight into the vagility of
秦琴;彭进;傅晓平;达扬. 古生物学报, 2010, shallow marine ostracods as they responded to
49(2): 220-230 glacio-eustatic and isostatic changes. Five po-
掘头虫类三叶虫张氏虫 Changaspis Lee in docopid ostracods are described from the
Sizewell Member (Pre-Ludhamian Stage) of
Chien,1961 是黔东、湘西广泛分布的杷榔
the Red Crag Formation and new information
组中常见的化石。本属化石建立 7 个种,具 regarding their phylogeny and palaeozo-
有较高的多样性。近年在贵州东部地区的 ogeography is presented. Four of the species
杷榔组采集到此属化石的大量标本,特别是 are new to science, Microcytherura gelida sp.
在剑河交榜村的杷榔组发现了 Changaspis nov., Thaerocythere liebaui sp. nov., Thaero-
丰富的化石,提供了分类学再研究的重要材 cythere russus sp. nov. and Pectocythere hol-
料。据新的化石标本的详细鉴定、个体发 lowayae sp. nov., while the fifth, Neo-
育观测及数理统计数据的对比、化石埋藏 monoceratina tsurugasakensis (Tabuki), is
reexamined and reassigned. The comparative
状态的研究,Changaspis 已描述的 7 个种是
morphology of Pectocythere Hanai and Ko-
过高估计,原属 C. micropyge Chien, 1961, toracythere Ishizaki is reviewed and a mor-

79
phological continuum recognized between
phenotypic end-members. Pectocythere hol-
lowayae sp. nov. forms part of a distinctive
morphological group comprising Arctic and
northern Pacific species: P. ishizakii Irizuki
and Yamada, Pectocythere? sp. cf. P.? dentar-
ticulata (Smith) sensu Swain and Gilby, Ko-
toracythere sp. Irizuki, P. janae Brouwers and
P. parkerae Swain and Gilby. Although lack-
ing a distinctive caudal process, Paijenbor-
chella tsurugasakensis Tabuki is reassigned to
Neomonoceratina sensu Zhao and Whatley.
Neomonoceratina tsurugasakensis displays
some minor polymorphism over an enormous
geo-temporal range that extends from the
early Miocene of the northwestern Pacific to
the late Pliocene-early Pleistocene of the
southern North Sea Basin. Despite its lack of
pelagic larvae N. tsurugasakensis was capable
of transoceanic dispersal, evidenced by its
occurrence in the early Pliocene (c. 4.90–4.81
Ma), Oosterhout Formation, Western Nether-
lands Basin, alongside other pan-Arctic and
North Pacific ostracod taxa. Mechanisms of
dispersal remain unclear but could involve
passive transport on Fucus brown algae, aided
by the Transpolar Drift. Further agents of dis-
persion could include fish and birds. The vi-
ability of water birds as vectors of invertebrate
dispersal is given further credence by the dis-
covery of Phoebastria anglica (Lydekker), a
fossil albatross, in the Pliocene crags of East
Anglia.
2011010257
中国扬子地块奥陶纪阿伦尼克阶三叶虫生
物相和古地理发育 = Trilobite biofacies and
palaeogeographic development in the Arenig
(Ordovician) of the Yangtze Block, China. (英
文 ). Zhou Zhi-Yi; Bergström J; Zhou Zhi-
Qiang; Yuan Wen-Wei; Zhang Yun-Bai. Pa-
laeoworld, 2011, 20(1): 15-45
Cluster analysis was conducted using Pear-
son's coefficient based on the relative abun-
dance data of 73 trilobite genera and subgen-
era in 72 collections, and fourteen Arenig
(Floian–early Darriwilian) trilobite biofacies
are recognized from the inner shelf to deep
outer shelf of the Yangtze Block. The biofa-
cies patterns and faunal dynamics across the
eight successive time intervals suggest that the
progressive changes in generic composition,
diversity, and dominant components may have
been affected by bathymetric gradients and
lithofacies transition along the palaeoramp of
the block, and by temporal constraints on the
different trilobite clades. On the whole, the
total faunal diversity reached its peak in the
shallow outer shelf, from which it decreased
both seawards and shorewards. The benthic
forms generally exhibited increased endemic-
ity shorewards, but atheloptic taxa were con-
fined largely to the outer shelf, with the ge-
neric diversity increased seawards, while the
mesopelagic trilobites were associated mainly
with the deep-outer-shelf biofacies. The pro-
gressive alternations of trilobite biofacies
spectra indicate that continual transgressions
may have played an important role in a con-
secutive palaeogeographic development in the
Yangtze Block, including mainly the drown-
ing of the huge platform in the early Arenig
(early Floian) (TI 2), the shoreward expansion
of the deep outer shelf (TI 5) and the ongoing
shoreward retreats of the inner shelf (TIs 6–7)
in the Yangtze Sea, and the successive deep-
ening of the southern Shaanxi sea especially in
the late Arenig (Dapingian–early Darriwilian)
(TIs 5–8) since its taking shape in TI 3.
2011010258
山东寒武系馒头组等刺虫化石的发现 =
New Isoxys(Arthropoda) From The Cambrian
Mantou Formation,Shandong Province. (中文).
王雨楠;黄迪颖;Lieberman B S. 古生物学
报, 2010, 49(3): 398-406
等刺虫(Isoxys)是寒武纪海洋中一类分布
广泛的双瓣壳节肢动物,在北美、欧洲、澳
大利亚、西伯利亚及中国均有发现,但延续
时间并不长,目前已经描述了 16 个已命名的
种以及一些未定种化石。等刺虫在我国扬
子地台云南滇东地区、贵州凯里、湖北长
阳等地寒武系第二、第三统均有发现。文
中报道的等刺虫发现于山东省临沂市刘庄
镇馒头组顶部,没有保存软体部分,被命名为
一 个 新 种 Isoxys shandongensis Wang and
Huang sp.nov.。同时,对美国寒武系 Spence
页岩保存的未定名等刺虫软体部分特征进
行修订,并进行形态比较。等刺虫的新发现
对探讨这类常见的寒武纪节肢动物的演
化、分布和多样性均有一定意义
2011010259
节肢动物自然腐解埋藏学实验 = Decay And
Disarticulation Experiments Of Three Arthro-
pod Species. (中文). 邓辉;华洪;惠威. 古生物
学报, 2010, 49(3): 407-412
通过实验,研究节肢动物在自然状态下的
腐解发生和发展规律。跟踪记录腐解过程
的 Eh 值和 pH 值的变化规律,并结合其宏观
表现将腐解过程分为 3 个阶段。实验结果
80
表明腐解过程受周围环境影响较大,不同的
底质条件、水介质条件下的腐解速率有所
差异,沉降在沙质表面上的尸体腐解最快,富
含有机质的淤泥较慢,浸泡在淡水里面的尸
体腐解最慢。由于有机质的分解,使得周围
环境的 Eh 值和 pH 值均下降而呈强还原性
但未明显呈酸性。不同类型的生物其腐解
方式差异很大,研究节肢动物腐解过程,为节
肢动物或类似动物软体的特异埋藏的过程
提供依据。
2011010260
地中海地区寒武纪三叶虫纲双岛虫科双岛
虫属的首次发现 = The first record of Dine-
sus (Trilobita, Dinesidae) in the Cambrian of
the Mediterranean region. (英文). Gozalo R;
Lin E; Martorell J B C. Alcheringa, 2011,
35(1): 1 - 9
An important problem facing inter-regional
correlation in the Cambrian is the scarcity of
shared taxa between different palaeo-
geographic domains. Currently, species of the
Corynexochida are proposed as tools to define
the base of Cambrian Series 3. However, few
Mediterranean Corynexochida species are
known. A specimen of Dinesus truyolsi comb.
nov. from the middle Cambrian of Spain
represents the first record of this genus in the
Acadobaltic province. Erbia and Tingyuania
are accepted as junior subjective synonyms of
Dinesus, and we now recognize 22 species
within this genus. Dinesus has been found
previously in lower to middle Cambrian strata
of Australia, Russia, Kazakhstan, North
America and China providing the potential for
improved global correlation for this interval.
2011010261
Gorny 阿 尔 泰 山 东 北 部 奥 陶 系 Tuloi 和
Karasu 组的介形类 = Ostracodes from the
Tuloi and Karasu formations (Ordovician) of
northeastern Gorny Altai. (英文). Melnikova
L M. Paleontological Journal, 2011, 45(1):
60-64 1 图版.
Ostracodes from the Tuloi (Floian,
Dapingian and the lower Darriwilian) and
Karasu (Darriwilian and Sandbian) formations
of the northeastern Gorny Altai are discussed
and several ostracode localities are briefly
described. Two new species Soanella tuloica
sp. nov. and Maraphonia caliginosa sp. nov.
are described and figured. The previously
described forms are only illustrated.
2011010262
俄罗斯，哈萨克斯坦和吉尔吉斯斯坦二叠
纪和三叠纪新的鲜为人知的 blattogryllidae
（昆虫纲：Grylloblattida） = New and lit-
tle known blattogryllidae (Insecta: Grylloblat-
tida) from the Permian and Triassic of Russia,
Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. (英文). Aristov
D S. Paleontological Journal, 2011, 45(1):
65-72 3 图版.
New members of the family Blattogryllidae
are described, including Permoblattogryllus
praecox gen. et sp. nov. from the Middle
Permian Soyana locality in Russia,
Protoblattogryllus nedubrovensis from the
Lower Triassic Nedubrovo locality in Russia,
Madygenocephalus micropteron gen. et sp.
nov. (the second known case of brachyptery in
grylloblattids), and Costatoviblatta similis sp.
nov. from the Middle Triassic Madygen
locality in Kyrgyzstan. Protoblattogryllus
zajsanicus Storozhenko, 1990 from the Upper
Permian Karaungir II locality in Kazakhstan is
redescribed. The genus Microblattogryllus
Storozhenko, 1990 from Madygen is
considered to be a synonym of
Protoblattogryllus Storozhenko, 1990.
Protoblattogryllus abruptus Storozhenko,
1990 from the Madygen locality is transferred
to the genus Mesoblattogryllus Storozhenko,
1990.
2011010263
乌克兰罗夫诺琥珀（始新世晚期）中梨头
蜂 科 （ 膜 翅 目 Chrysidoidea ） 的 首 次 记
录：Ampulicomorpha succinalis 昆虫分类
的雄蜂 = The first record of Embolemidae
(Hymenoptera Chrysidoidea) in the Rovno
amber (Upper Eocene) of Ukraine: A male of
Ampulicomorpha succinalis brues. ( 英 文 ).
Olmi M; Rasnitsyn A P; Guglielmino A. Pa-
leontological Journal, 2011, 45(1): 73-76 1 图
版.
A male of Ampulicomorpha succinalis
Brues (Hymenoptera Chrysidoidea:
Embolemidae) from the Upper Eocene Rovno
amber (34–37 Ma) is described for the first
time.
2011010264
中生代大象甲科甲虫（鞘翅目）新发现 =
New Mesozoic Ithyceridae Beetles (Coleop-
tera). (英文). Gratshev V G; Legalov A A.
Paleontological Journal, 2011, 45(1): 77–82 2
图版.
A new subfamily, Mongolocarinae subfam.
nov. of the family Ithyceridae, from the
81
Middle-Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous
of Asia is described. It includes five genera
with five species: Palaeocar gen. nov. (with P.
princeps sp. nov.), Mongolocar gen. nov. (M.
orcinus sp. nov.), Praecar gen. nov. (P.
stolidus sp. nov.), Karacar gen. nov. (M.
contractus sp. nov.), and Baissacar gen. nov.
(B. passarius sp. nov.).
2011010265
中生代 Ceratocanthinae (Coleoptera: Hy-
bosoridae)化石首次发现 = First Record Of
Mesozoic Ceratocanthinae (Coleop-
tera:Hybosoridae). (英文). Vnikolajev G; 王
博; 刘煜; 张海春. 古生物学报, 2010, 49(4):
443-447
记述内蒙古杨树湾子下白垩统义县组鞘
翅 目 化 石 一 新 属 新 种 Mesoceratocanthus
tuberculifrons gen.et sp.nov.。该标本隶属于
驼 金 龟 科 Ceratocanthinae 亚 科 Ivieolini
族。这是 Ceratocanthinae 亚科在中生代的
首次发现。化石表明 Ivieolini 族曾经广布
全球,尽管现在只局限于南美地区。
2011010266
阿根廷西北部和玻利维亚南部早奥陶世三
叶虫 Kainella 属的系统古生物学 = Kainella
Walcott, 1925 (Trilobita, Early Ordovician) in
northwestern Argentina and southern Bolivia.
systematic paleontology. (其他). Vaccari N E;
Waisfeld B G. Ameghiniana: Revista de la
asociacion Paleontologica Argentina, 2010,
47(3): 273-292
A taxonomic study is presented involving
different species of Kainella from the Central
Andean Basin. These early Tremadocian spe-
cies come from the Santa Rosita, Cardonal,
and Devendeus formations, and also from the
Guayoc Chico Group; all units lie exposed at
numerous localities in the Argentine Cordil-
lera Oriental. Also analyzed are Kainella spe-
cies from the Iscayachi Formation exposed in
the Yunchara Segment in southern Bolivia. A
group of eight species is recognized, suggest-
ing a significantly greater diversity than pre-
viously assessed. An emmended diagnosis of
K. meridionalis Kobayashi is provided, and a
lectotype is designated. On this basis, some of
the former assignments to this species are now
rearranged into the taxa described herein.
Complete morphological information is pro-
vided on K. andina Suarez Soruco, based on
new collections from its type locality (Cuesta
de Erquis), and from Argentina. The new spe-
cies K. teiichii sp. nov., K. morena sp. nov.,
Kainella sp. nov. A and Kainella sp. nov. B
are described and illustrated. Also, K. colom-
biana Harrington and Kay from the Guejar
Group (Tremadocian-Floian, Sierra de La Ma-
carena, Colombia) is tentatively referred to
Naustia Ludvigsen of Late Cambrian age.
2011010267
阿根廷西北部和玻利维亚南部早奥陶世三
叶虫 Kainella 属。生物地层意义 = Kainella
Walcott, 1925 (Trilobita, Early Ordovician) in
northwestern Argentina and southern Bolivia.
biostratigraphic significance. (其他). Vaccari
N E; Waisfeld B G; Marengo L F; Smith L.
Ameghiniana: Revista de la asociacion Pale-
ontologica Argentina, 2010, 47(3): 293-305
The Tremadocian Kainella meridionalis
Zone in the Central Andean Basin is is reas-
sessed. This zone has been widely used for
regional and intercontinental correlations, but
such correlations mostly involved an extended
interval that corresponds, in fact, to the whole
range of the genus. Species of Kainella re-
corded in northwestern Argentina and south-
ern Bolivia exhibit a relatively wide geo-
graphic distribution and a constrained strati-
graphic range. On the basis of their record a
succession of biozones is proposed, ranging
from the basal Tremadocian to possibly the
early middle Tremadocian. Three biozones are
proposed on the basis of integrated informa-
tion drawn from several localities, i.e., the K.
andina, K. meridionalis, and K. teiichii zones.
In addition, the Jujuyaspis keideli Subzone is
here upgraded to the rank of zone. The defini-
tion of this succession of biozones is a signifi-
cant progress in the establishment of a high
resolution biostratigraphic framework based
on trilobites, leading to more precise correla-
tions in the future.
2011010268
湖南衡阳盆地岭茶地区古近纪介形类动物
群 = Paleogene Ostracods From The Hengy-
ang Basin Of Hunan. (中文). 张显球;李茜. 古
生物学报, 2010, 49(4): 487-501
描述衡阳盆地东北部岭茶地区介形类化
石 9 属 23 种。岭茶地区古近纪介形类动物
群以 Cypris 和 Limnocythere 两属最繁盛,可
划分为两个化石组合:栗木坪组为 Cypris
henanensis-Cyprois reniformis-Limnocythere
honggangensis 组合,岭茶组为 Limnocythere
irregularis-Cypris favosa-Ilyocypris gaoy-
ouensis 组合。岭茶地区栗木坪组与珠江三
角洲地区宝月组的介形类动物群相同,岭茶
组与华涌组的介形类面貌也基本相同,因此
82
栗木坪组和岭茶组的时代应属晚古新世和
早始新世,这与栗木坪组和岭茶组中哺乳动
物、古地磁和碳氧同位素的研究结果相一
致。
2011010269
关于我国晚出同名三叶虫属及其替代名 =
On The Junior Homonyms Of Trilobite Gen-
era Recorded In China And Their Replace-
ment Names. (中文). 袁金良;朱学剑;彭进. 古
生物学报, 2010, 49(4): 502-510
回顾近年来所发现的与我国三叶虫有关
的 11 个晚出同名属及其替代名的研究现状,
详细报导最近新发现的 37 个晚出同名三叶
虫属中的 13 个属及其替代名。这些属涉及
到寒武纪,奧陶纪,志留纪和泥盆纪的三叶
虫。此外,河南龙 Honania Young,1979(模式
种 H.complicidentata Young,1979)是产于河
南济源晚二叠世爬行类锯齿龙科的一个属,
由于晚于三叶虫河南虫 Honania Lee in Lu
et al.,1963( 模 式 种 H.lata Lee in Lu et
al.,1963)所建,成为无效属名,建议将河南龙
的 属 名 更 名 为 钟 键 龙 ( 新 属 )Zhongjiania
gen.nov.。
2011010270
加拿大西北部寒武纪 Sekwi 组小油栉虫三
叶虫新的信息 = New information on olenel-
line trilobites from the Cambrian Sekwi For-
mation in northwestern Canada. (英文). Abe F
R; Lieberman B S; Pope M C; Dilliard K. Ca-
nadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2010,
47(12): 1445-1449
A new species of olenelline trilobite, Ne-
vadella keelensis, is described from the Early
Cambrian (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 3) in the
Sekwi Formation, Mackenzie Mountains,
Canada. The difficulty in discerning between
Nevadia Walcott, 1910 and Nevadella Raw,
1936 is discussed, and a revision of the two
genera is suggested, particularly with the addi-
tion of Nevadella keelensis n. sp. A holmiid
trilobite, perhaps conspecific with Esmerald-
ina rowei (Walcott, 1910), was also confirmed
from the same locality. The E. sp. aff. rowei
represents the narrow form of a species known
for great variability in cephalic form. The tri-
lobite material comes from a low diversity,
shallow water, peritidal facies that was not
sampled in previous studies of Cambrian fos-
sils in the area, and could prove useful in fa-
cilitating biostratigraphic correlation across
the Selwyn Basin and with other parts of
Laurentia as well.
2011010271
朝鲜芙蓉统（晚寒武世）remopleuridioid
三叶虫 Haniwa quadrata Kobayashi, 1933
的个体发生学对分类的意义 = Ontogeny of
the Furongian (late Cambrian) remopleuridi-
oid trilobite Haniwa quadrata Kobayashi,
1933 from Korea: implications for trilobite
taxonomy. (英文). Park T Y; Choi D K. Geo-
logical Magazine, 2011, 148(2): 288-303 13
图版.
The monophyly of the trilobite Order As-
aphida has been challenged. The Superfamily
Remopleuridioidea was included in the Order
Asaphida, based on the ventral median suture
and highly bulbous protaspis of the late Fu-
rongian-Tremadocian representatives of the
group. The remopleuridioid, Haniwa quadrata
Kobayashi, 1933 from the Furongian (late
Cambrian) Hwajeol Formation of Korea,
represents a primitive morphology of the Re-
mopleuridioidea. This trilobite does not have a
typical globular morphology of asaphoid pro-
taspis, and the free cheeks remained yoked
together during the whole of the development.
This supports the previous proposition that the
Superfamily Remopleuridioidea should be
excluded from the Order Asaphida. In addition,
the evolution of a highly globular protaspis of
the Ordovician remopleuridioid trilobites from
the less bulbous protaspis corroborates the
possibility of multiple evolutions of a highly
globular protaspis. It can be argued that the
possession of a highly globular protaspis does
not guarantee the membership of the Order
Asaphida, and thus the concept of the Order
Asaphida should be emended.
2011010272
奥地利 Grunbach 组（坎帕阶，格绍群）
的 ( 似 ) 翼 手 龙 残 迹 ： 'Ornithocheirus
buenzeli' = The pterosaurian remains from the
Grunbach Formation (Campanian, Gosau
Group) of Austria: a reappraisal of 'Ornitho-
cheirus buenzeli'. (英文). Buffetaut E; Osi A;
Prondvai E. Geological Magazine, 2011,
148(2): 334-339 2 图版.
The fragmentary pterosaur material from
the Campanian Grunbach Formation (Gosau
Group) of Muthmannsdorf (Austria), previ-
ously identified as Ornithocheirus buenzeli
Bunzel, 1871, is revised. A lower jaw frag-
ment shows a helical type of articulation,
which is known in several families of ptero-
saurs, and cannot be identified with great ac-
curacy. The proximal part of a humerus shows
83
distinctive features that allow it to be referred
to as a member of the family Azhdarchidae,
which is widespread in the Late Cretaceous
Period of Europe. Ornithocheirus buenzeli is
considered a nomen dubium. The pterosaur
material from the Grunbach Formation cannot
be used as evidence for the presence of orni-
thocheirids in the Late Cretaceous of Europe.
2011010273
西班牙西南部和葡萄牙西北部三叶虫及伴
生 无 脊 椎 动 物 的 埋 藏 学 = Taphonomy of
trilobites and associated invertebrates from
SW Spain and NW Portugal. (英文). Gil Cid
M D; Lebron Moreno J A. Neues Jahrbuch fur
Geologie u. Palaontologie / Abhandlun-
gen, 2010, 257(2): 169-179
Taphonomic and palaeoichnological evi-
dence confirms the occurrence of detritus or
deposit burrowers as producers of Arach-
nostega gastrochaenae, and adds to the infor-
mation on Cambrian/Ordovician marine
communities from the Ossa-Morena and Cen-
tral Iberian zones as well as on the ichnodiver-
sity of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification
Event.
2011010274
奥陶纪 caryocaridid 叶虾类: 多样性和演化
趋势 = The Ordovician caryocaridid phyllo-
carids (Crustacea): diversity and evolutionary
tendencies. (英文). Racheboeuf P R; Crasquin
S. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie u. Palaon-
tologie / Abhandlungen, 2010, 257(2): 237-
248
Three new genera are described: Jellicaris n.
g. from Australia, Saltericaris n. g. from
Behmia, and Soomicaris n. g. from South Af-
rica, which andd to the three previously de-
scribed taxa, namely Caryocaris, Janvieri-
caris, and Ivocaris; hence the Family Caryo-
carididae now includes six genera. Hypotheti-
cal phyletic relationships between caryo-
caridid genera are briefly discussed and are
suggestive of two parallel lineages within the
Family Caryopcarididae.
2011010275
捷克布拉格盆地中奥陶统达瑞威尔阶
SARKA 组的动物群组合 = Faunal Associa-
tions Of The SARKA Formation (Middle Or-
dovician, Darriwilian, Prague Basin, Czech
Republic). (英文). Budil P; Kraft P; Kraft J;
Fatka O. 古生物学报, 2007, 46(增刊): 67-70
文章论述波西米达瑞威尔阶 Sarka 组的部
分化石类群，即 Placoparia-Euorthisian 组
合的成分，其中包括三叶虫和笔石。文中
涉及该组合构成上的一些地层学和古地理
差异。
2011010276
西班牙早白垩世琥珀中的 Serphitid 黄蜂
（膜翅目：Serphitidae） = Serphitid wasps
in Early Cretaceous amber from Spain (Hy-
menoptera: Serphitidae). ( 英 文 ). Ortega-
Blanco J; Delclos X; Penalver E; Engel M.
Cretaceous Research, 2011, 32(2): 143-154 8
图版.
The diversity of serphitid wasps (Proctotru-
pomorpha: Serphitoidea) in Early Cretaceous
(Albian) amber from Spain is described. Four
new species have been found representing the
genera Serphites Brues 1937, Aposerphites
Kozlov and Rasnitsyn 1979, and Microser-
phites Kozlov and Rasnitsyri 1979. From the
Penacerrada I (Moraza) outcrop two species
are described as Aposerphites angustus Or-
tega-Blanco, Delclos, Penalver and Engel,
new species and Serphites lamiak, new species.
A single species was found at the San Just
(Teruel) outcrop and is described as S. silban,
new species. Another single specimen was
found in El Soplao (Cantabria) outcrop, de-
scribed as Microserphites soplaensis, new
species. This last specimen is especially inter-
esting in sharing typical serphitid and myma-
rommatoid characters, giving additional sup-
port to the apparent close relationship of both
groups.
2011010277
日本西南部冈山县 Kurashikii 市古近纪介
型类 = Paleogene ostracodes from Kurashikii
City, Okayama Prefecture, southwestern Japan.
(英文). Yamaguchi T; Matsubara T; Suzuki S;
Tanaka H. Paleontological Research, 2008,
12(4): 355-369
Six ostracode species were discriminated
from the latest Eocene-earliest Oligocene ma-
rine sediments in Kurashiki City, Okayama
Prefecture along the Seto Inland Sea in south-
western Japan. The ostracode assemblage is
characterized by Munseyella setouchiensis
and Acanthocythereis kurashikiensis sp. nov.
They inhabited the lower sublittoral zone, af-
fected by ocean waters. The new record from
the Kurashiki area indicates that the eastern
area of the Seto Inland Sea was under a cooler
marine climate than the Kyushu region from
the late Middle Eocene to earliest Oligocene.
All the species including a new species, Acan-
84
thocythereis kurashikiensis sp. nov., are de- 中,奥陶系的表已明确地与国际标准接轨。
scribed systematically 本人在就任国际奥陶系分会主席期间,在前
几届国际奥陶系分会工作的基础上,有幸经
2011010278
历 了 奥 陶 系 内 全 部 统 、
日 本 东 北 部 Moniwa-Goishi 地 区 中 新 世
阶两级全球界线层型剖面及点位( GSSP) 的
Natori 群原地生活的节肢动物藤壶化石的
完成。由于历史上的种种原因,英国部分同
意义 = Significance of autochthonous fossil
行对此曾有保留。但这一最新的划分对比
barnacles from the Miocene Natori Group at
表全部接受了国际奥陶系内统、阶两级划
the Moniwa-Goishi area, northeast Japan. (英
分标准,并将英国地区性的统和阶较为准确
文). Nomura S I; Maeda H. Paleontological
Research, 2008, 12(1): 63-79 地与国际标准进行了对比,使英国作为奥陶
In situ fossil barnacle populations (Cirripe- 系建立的所在国(Lapwort h , 1879a 、b 、c) ,
dia, Balanomorpha) are described from the 在国际奥陶系研究中继续发挥其重要作
Miocene Natori Group of the Moniwa-Goishi 用。
area, northeast Japan. The Natori Group ex-
hibits a transgressive sequence from subaerial 2011010280
lavas and volcaniclastics (Takadate Formation) 湖南益阳早奥陶世弗洛期的笔石 =
to shoreface-shelf deposits (Moniwa and Hata- Floian(Lower Ordovician)Graptolites From
tate formations) in ascending order. In the Ta- The Yiyang Aera,Hunan Province. (中文). 李
kadate Formation, volcaniclastics locally in- 丽 霞 ; 冯 洪 真 ; 王 文 卉 . 古 生 物 学 报 , 2010,
tercalate bay deposits in which the fossil bar- 49(2): 174-195
nacle Balanus bisulcatus occurs on gravel sur-
本文报道湖南益阳南坝剖面早奥陶世弗
faces in situ. The Takadate Formation is un-
conformably overlain by the basal conglomer- 洛期笔石 16 属 30 种,描述其中具有重要地
ate of the Moniwa Formation, which is inter- 层意义的笔石 10 属 16 种:Acrograptus af-
preted as a ravinement deposit formed in an finis, A.gracilis, Baltograptus geometricus,
open coast. An extinct barnacle species, B.vacillans, Clonograptus rigidus, Corym-
Coneavus sendaicus, is found as gregarious bograptus deflexus, Cymatograptus undulatus,
clusters and solitary individuals on boulder Didymograptellus bifidus, "Didymograp-
surfaces in the basal conglomerate in situ. tus"demissus, "D."rigoletto, Expansograptus
These features suggest that B. bisulcatus in- holmi, E.constrictus, Pendeograptus frutico-
habited in bay environments at the early trans- sus, P. pendens, Tetragraptus akzharensis, T.
gressive stage. On the other hand, C. sen- approximatus。南坝剖面弗洛期笔石动物群
daicus was distributed over open-coast envi- 以均分笔石为主,同时含有少量反称笔石。
ronments during subsequent marine flooding. 该地区弗洛期笔石动物群的分异度、丰度
The in situ C. sendaicus provides strong evi- 均较高,展示了笔石演化辐射早期斜坡相沉
dence for the reconstruction of the extinct spe- 积环境下的笔石动物群特征。本文研究为
cies habitat.
全面理解奥陶纪笔石的演化辐射积累了重
要资料。
笔 石 动 物
2011010279 2011010281
英国奥陶纪和志留纪笔石带的最新划分方 阿根廷前科迪勒拉圣胡安的 Los Saltitos
案 = An introduction to the new classification Creek 地区达瑞威尔阶（中奥陶统）和桑
of the British Ordovician and Silurian grapto-
比阶（上奥陶统）的 Gualcamayo 组和 Las
lite biozonation. ( 中 文 ). 陈 旭 . 地 层 学 杂
Vacas 组的笔石动物群 = Darriwilian(Middle
志, 2010, 34(2): 161-164
Ordovician) And Sandbian(Upper Ordovician)
最近 Zalasiewicz 等 6 位英国笔石研究学 Graptolite Faunas Of The Gualcamayo And
者发表了他们对英国奥陶纪和志留纪的笔 Las Vacas Formations,Los Saltitos Creek,San
石带划分表(Zalasiewicz et al . , 2009) ( 图 Juan Precordillera,Argentina. (英文). Brussa E;
1 ,2) 。英国的笔石带划分一百多年来一直 Flores L. 古生物学报, 2007, 46(增刊): 50-56
是全球奥陶系和志留系的对比标准,尽管目 La Rioja 省和圣胡安省交界（阿根廷前科
前英国在全球奥陶系年表中已不占重要份 迪勒拉）Guandacol 市西南 Los Saltitos 的
额,但英国奥陶系和志留系笔石带仍不失其 Gualcamayo 组和 Las Vacas 组的奥陶纪笔
为重要的区域对比标准。我本人认为这一 石动物群包括 18 属和 32 种。该笔石动物
最 新 的 英 国 笔 石 带 划 分 方 案 群包含 3 个类群。Undulograptus austroden-

85
tatus 带 （ Undulograptus sinicus 带 ）
（ Darriwilian/Da1 ） 和 一 个 含 有
Climacograptus bicornis 类 群 is a biotic syndrome. Traditional biotic expla-
（Sandbian/early Caradocian/Gi2）分别发现
于 Los Saltitos Creek 的 Gualcamayo 组和
Las Vacas 组 。 该 动 物 群 可 指 示
Hustedograptus teretiusculus 带（late Llan-
virn/Da4）。
2011010282
玻利维亚和秘鲁的 Nemagraptus Gracilis
（ J.Hall ） = Nemagraptus Gracilis
（ J.Hall ） In Bolivia And Peru. ( 英 文 ).
Brussa E; Maletz J; Mitchell C E; Goldman D.
古生物学报, 2007, 46(增刊): 57-63
重新研究 Balston 和 Nordenskiold 的标
本，结果表明 Nemagraptus Gracilis 存在于
秘鲁。Bulman 曾描述来自 Chaquimay 地区
的奥陶纪笔石，并鉴定出许多细长的具有
单列笔石枝和明显的侧向分枝的标本。该
材料的详细分析发现其始端与 Nemagraptus
典型形式相同，可能是 cladial 分支的分支
碎 片 。 因 此 ， 该 化 石 应 为 Nemagraptus
Gracilis。Bulman 描述了一个翻卷的笔石，
它带有一个规则间隔的侧向分支。他认为
该 笔 石 与 同 一 篇 论 文 中 描 述 的
Trichograptus(?)balstoni 密 切 相 关 。 如 同
Bulman 的 观 点 ， 它 的 分 枝 方 式 显 然 与
Nemagraptus 不同。文中早先报道的发现于
南玻利维亚 Atocha 段东科迪勒拉西部地区
的 Nemagraptus Gracilis 首次被详细描述。
一 些 保 存 很 差 的 Dicellograptus 和
Dicranograptus 的标本也出现于该地区，但
它们与 Nemagraptus Gracilis 没有联系。
古脊椎动物学
综 论
2011010283
脊椎动物骨架的背向弯曲姿势——死后收
缩还是临死挣扎？ = The opisthotonic pos-
ture of vertebrate skeletons: postmortem con-
traction or death throes?. (英文). Faux C M;
Padian K. Paleobiology, 2007, 33(2): 201-226
An extreme, dorsally hyperextended posture
of the spine (opisthotonus), characterized by
the skull and neck recurved over the back, and
with strong extension of the tail, is observed in
many well-preserved, articulated amniote
skeletons (birds and other dinosaurs, ptero-
saurs, and at least placental mammals). Post-
mortem water transport may explain some
cases of spinal curvature in fossil tetrapods,
but we show how these can be distinguished
from causes of the opisthotonic posture, which
nations nearly all involve postmortem causes,
and have included rigor mortis, desiccation,
and contraction of tendons and ligaments.
However, examination of the process of rigor
mortis and experimental observations of dry-
ing and salinity in carcasses of extant animals
show that these explanations of the "dead bird"
(opisthotonic) posture account for few or no
cases. Differential contraction of cervical
ligaments after death also does not produce the
opisthotonic posture. It is not postmortem con-
traction but perimortem muscle spasms result-
ing from various afflictions of the central
nervous system that cause these extreme pos-
tures. That is, the opisthotonic posture is the
result of "death throes," not postmortem proc-
esses, and individuals so afflicted assumed the
posture before death, not afterward. The clini-
cal literature has long recognized that such
afflicted individuals perish from asphyxiation,
lack of nourishment or essential nutrients, en-
vironmental toxins, or viral infections, among
other causes. Accepting the actual causes of
the opisthotonic posture as perimortem and
not postmortem provides insights into the
causes of death of fossilized specimens, and
also revises interpretations of paleoenviron-
mental conditions of many fossil deposits. The
opisthotonic posture tells us more about the
circumstances surrounding death than about
what happened after death. Finally, the opist-
hotonic posture appears to have a phylogenetic
signal: it is so far reported entirely in orni-
thodiran archosaurs (dinosaurs and pterosaurs)
and in crown-group placentals, though the dis-
tribution in mammals may expand with further
study. It seems important that the opisthotonic
posture has been observed extensively only in
clades of animals that are known or thought to
have high basal metabolic rates: hypoxia and
related diseases would be most likely to affect
animals with high oxygen use rates.
2011010284
以白垩纪蛇颈龙骨架组合为基础的化能合
成 = Chemosynthesis-based associations on
Cretaceous plesiosaurid carcasses. ( 英 文 ).
Kaim A; Kobayashi Y; Echizenya H; Jenkins
R G; Tanabe K. Acta palaeontologica Polo-
nica, 2008, 53(1): 97-104
The objective of this report is to document
first Mesozoic occurrences of chemosynthe-
sis-based communities feveloped on large ma-
rine reptile carcasses. Micro-grazing provan-
86
nid gastropods are associated with plesio-
saurid skeletons in the Upper Cretaceous de-
posits of Hokkaido, northern Japan. The can-
cellous bones of the examined plesiosaurid
bones contain a ubiquity of iron sulfides
within the bone trabeculae, which provides
evidence of anaerobic sulfate reduction of the
bone lipids. We also report numerous mi-
croborings in the bone trabeculae, which
might result from the activity of sulfur-
oxidizing bacteria. This finding addresses the
hotly debated problem of the emergence and
radiation of whale bone faunas.
2011010285
四足动物的四肢掌（跖）骨：关于指节间
关节线的多种假说 = Interpreting the autopo-
dia of tetrapods: interphalangeal lines hinge
on too many assumptions. (英文). Hone D W
E; Sullivan C; Bennett S C. Historical Biol-
ogy, 2009, 21(1 & 2): 67-77
Recently Peters proposed the concept of
'interphalangeal lines', defined as sub-parallel
lines that could supposedly be drawn across
the joints of the digits of all tetrapods. The
lines were viewed as potential axes of rotation,
and it was suggested that they could be used to
determine the resting position of the digits,
reconstruct missing digital elements of fossil
tetrapods, and provide information on system-
atic relationships. Evidence was adduced from
the skeletons of recent and fossil vertebrates
and from footprints. However, detailed analy-
sis shows that these claims are largely un-
founded. Linear alignments of joints on
neighbouring digits are not consistently pre-
sent in tetrapods, especially across locomotor
cycles. Even if present, interphalangeal (IP)
lines would rarely be in an appropriate orien-
tation to facilitate joint movements during
locomotion. There is no reason to believe that
IP lines would be homologous across different
taxa, so they cannot be used to infer system-
atic relationships. Finally, the alleged support
from the ichnological record is undermined by
the uncertain relationship between the joint
structure of the skeleton and the form of the
print. We conclude that IP lines cannot be
consistently constructed on tetrapod extremi-
ties, and would have minimal functional rele-
vance or predictive power in any case.
2011010286
大型脊椎动物在雨湿的中侏罗世沙丘中挖
掘的洞穴：讨论 = Burrows dug by large ver-
tebrates into rain-moistened Middle Jurassic
sand dunes: A discussion. (英文). Odier G P.
Journal of Geology, 2007, 115(6): 707-708
2011010287
估算四足动物的双平型脊椎侧向和垂向运
动的一种新方法 = A method for estimation
of lateral and vertical mobility of platycoelous
vertebrae of tetrapods. (英文). Kuznetsov A N;
Tereschenko V S. Paleontological Jour-
nal, 2010, 44(2): 209-225 7 图版.
A new method for the estimation of
dorsoventral and lateral mobility of platy-
coelous vertebrae with V-shaped (radial) ar-
ticular facets on the zygapophyses is devel-
oped. This vertebral pattern is observed in
dinosaurs, some other fossil reptiles, and in
the cervical and lumbar regions of mammals.
Based on theoretical biomechanical analysis
of the intervertebral discs and articulations
between zygapophyses, the estimation formu-
las are developed and calibrated, using precise
measurements of mobility between cervical
vertebrae of domestic sheep. The method is
applied to the presacral vertebrae of the
horned dinosaur Protoceratops andrewsi. In
its cervical, lumbar, and anterior thoracic re-
gions, the differences between the calculated
amplitudes of movements and the sought true
values are expected to range within ±5°. As
compared to the sheep, Protoceratops shows a
greater lateral mobility in the presacral region
and reduced vertical mobility in the cervical
region.
2011010288
中生代海洋四足类的多样性：集群绝灭和
地 质 偏 离 中 的 时 间 不 均 匀 性 = Mesozoic
marine tetrapod diversity: mass extinctions
and temporal heterogeneity in geological
megabiases affecting vertebrates. (英文). Ben-
son R B J; Butler R J; Lindgren J; Smith A S.
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biologi-
cal Sciences, 2010, 277(1683): 829-834
The fossil record is our only direct means
for evaluating shifts in biodiversity through
Earth's history. However, analyses of fossil
marine invertebrates have demonstrated that
geological megabiases profoundly influence
fossil preservation and discovery, obscuring
true diversity signals. Comparable studies of
vertebrate palaeodiversity patterns remain in
their infancy. A new species-level dataset of
Mesozoic marine tetrapod occurrences was
compared with a proxy for temporal variation
in the volume and facies diversity of fos-
siliferous rock (number of marine fossiliferous
87
formations: FMF). A strong correlation be-
tween taxic diversity and FMF is present dur-
ing the Cretaceous. Weak or no correlation of
Jurassic data suggests a qualitatively different
sampling regime resulting from five apparent
peaks in Triassic–Jurassic diversity. These
correspond to a small number of European
formations that have been the subject of inten-
sive collecting, and represent ‘Lagerstätten
effects’. Consideration of sampling biases al-
lows re-evaluation of proposed mass extinc-
tion events. Marine tetrapod diversity declined
during the Carnian or Norian. However, the
proposed end-Triassic extinction event cannot
be recognized with confidence. Some evi-
dence supports an extinction event near the
Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary, but the pro-
posed end-Cenomanian extinction is probably
an artefact of poor sampling. Marine tetrapod
diversity underwent a long-term decline prior
to the Cretaceous–Palaeogene extinction.
2011010289
用 X 射线同步相位对照微层面 X 射线照相
术得出脊椎动物微体化石的高质量的 3D 图
像 = High quality 3D imaging of vertebrate
microremains using X-ray synchrotron phase
contrast microtomography. (英文). Pouech J;
Mazin J-M; Tafforeau P. Comptes Rendus
Palevol, 2010, 9(6-7): 389-395
Vertebrate microremains, particularly teeth,
represent a substantial part of known verte-
brate biodiversity. Many groups, such as
Mesozoic mammals, are known mostly
through isolated teeth. Classical imaging tech-
niques of such complex millimetric to in-
framillimetric objects are most often limited
by problems of manipulation, depth of focus
or limited orientation. The methods generally
used are stereomicroscopy (including in-focus
z-series reconstruction) and Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM), which provide good im-
ages. Nevertheless, both provide 2D static
images or partial and directional 3D data,
making complete observation difficult. Propa-
gation phase contrast synchrotron X-ray mi-
crotomography is a powerful technique allevi-
ating these limitations. Thanks to submicron
resolution and to the edge detection effect, it
rapidly provides 3D data from minute samples
with levels of quality and detail unattainable
using conventional microtomographs. Com-
plex morphology of small specimens can be
studied with unlimited orientation possibilities
and, when coupled with 3D printing, it allows
enlarged 3D reproductions of such small and
fragile fossils
2011010290
日本西部九州北部中更新世松滨动物群 =
The Middle Pleistocene Matsugae Fauna,
Northern Kyushu, West Japan. (英文). Ogino
S; Otsuka H; Harunari H. Paleontological
Research, 2009, 13(4): 367-384
The middle Pleistocene Matsugae mammal-
ian fauna from the Matsugae limestone cave
deposits in northern Kyushu, West Japan is
reexamined based on the original fossil
specimens and its biostratigraphical age is
estimated. The Matsugae fauna includes 13
mammalian species representing 6 orders, 10
families and 12 genera that can be confirmed
based on currently available fossil specimens.
The taxa of the Matsugae fauna fall into four
categories: the first encompasses a mammal
that has been in existence since the early mid-
dle Pleistocene; the second comprises mam-
mals that existed only during the middle mid-
dle Pleistocene; the third includes those that
have specific characteristics of this age but
may have a phyletic relationship to later Japa-
nese mammals; and the fourth includes the
direct ancestors of modern Japanese endemic
species. The second and the third categories
include several endemic taxa which are only
known from this fauna. The mammalian fauna
suggests an age referable to the Quaternary
Mammal zone 4 (QM4), which is the middle
part of the middle Pleistocene.
2011010291
中 国白垩 纪蜂 窝蛋化 石的 分类订 正 = A
Parataxonomic Revision Of The Cretaceous
Faveoloolithid Eggs Of China. (中文). 张蜀康.
古脊椎动物学报, 2010, 48(3): 203-219
重新系统描述了蜂窝蛋科蜂窝蛋属的模
式 蛋 种 宁 夏 蜂 窝 蛋 (Faveoloolithus ningxi-
aensis)和杨氏蛋属的模式蛋种夏馆杨氏蛋
(Youngoolithus xiaguanensis),并记述了产自
浙江天台的蜂窝蛋科新材料,建立一个新的
蛋属-副蜂窝蛋属(Parafaveoloolithus),及 3
个新的蛋种-Parafaveoloolithus microporus,
P.macroporus 和 P. tiansicunensis。根据赵
资奎 1994 年提出的恐龙蛋分类中具有鉴定
意义的几个特征,重新讨论了现有蜂窝蛋的
分类地位,提出杨氏蛋属应当提升为科一级
的分类单元,总结了蜂窝蛋科内属级和种级
分类单元的主要鉴定特征以及蜂窝蛋类的
鉴定方法。
2011010292
88
阿根廷丘布特 Canadon Blanco 地区早渐新 分期的 Lancian 期）和 Puercan1 期（Pu1）
世 typotheria 的系统分类的再解释 = Taxo- 的地方动物群组成的认识,也揭示了这些地
nomic reinterpretation of a Notoungulata Ty- 方动物群生物年代学对比的局限。总的来
potheria from the early Oligocene of Canadon 说,北美西部内陆地区北部的 Pu1 地方动物
Blanco (Chubut, Argentina). (英文). Cerdeno 群主要由多瘤齿兽类和真兽类组成,而
E; Reguero M; Vera B. Ameghiniana: Revista Lancian 期存在的有袋类各类群绝灭。大多
de la asociacion Paleontologica Argen-
数的 Pu1 哺乳动物是由其他地区迁移而来,
tina, 2010, 47(3): 401-405
其中许多类群在 K/T 界线后不久就迁徙到
2011010293 这个地区。北美洲古纬度高的地区和亚洲
法国上诺曼底 Mortemer 组恰在古新世-始 太平洋沿岸地区的白垩纪最晚期或者古新
新世界线之后一个新的陆生脊椎动物产地 世最早期哺乳动物群的缺乏,妨碍了对异地
= A new terrestrial vertebrate site just after the 迁移到北美的哺乳动物起源于亚洲这一假
Paleocene–Eocene boundary in the Mortemer 说的验证。另一个假说认为,大多数迁入北
Formation of Upper Normandy, France. (英 美西部内陆地区北部的 Pu1 哺乳动物可能
文). Smith T; Dupuis C; Folie A; Quesnel F. 来自北美大陆的其他地区。这一假说得到
Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2011, 10(1): 11-20 了越来越多的支持,并且没有证据表明是错
European terrestrial vertebrate sites of the 误的。
Upper Paleocene–Lower Eocene deposits are
predominantly known from the central and 2011010295
eastern parts of the Paris Basin. However, 蒙古中部湖泊之谷沉积岩-玄武岩共存的渐
several outcrops covering this interval are
新世地层：蒙古-奥地利合作项目回顾 =
scattered along the Upper Normandy coast, in
Oligocene Stratigraphy Based On A Sedi-
the western part of the Paris Basin. Here we
ment-Basalt Association In Central Mongolia
report the discovery of a new terrestrial verte-
brate site in the Mortemer Formation, at the （ Taatsiin Gol And Taatsiin Tsagaan Nuur
top of the cliffs of Sotteville-sur-Mer in Upper Area,Valley Of Lakes ） ： Review Of A
Normandy, France. The vertebrate level is Mongolian-Aurtrian Project. (英文). Daxner-
situated about 1.5 m above the onset of the Hock; Badamgarav D; Erbajeva M. 古脊椎动
Paleocene–Eocene Carbon Isotope Excursion 物学报, 2010, 48(4): 348-366
(CIE) based on dispersed organic carbon and Taatsiin Gol 和 Taatsiin Tsagaan Nuur 地区
is therefore Earliest Eocene in age. The verte- 的渐新世沉积序列具有重要的地层学意
brate fauna is composed of fish, amphibians,
义：这里出露的三达河组和 Loh 组沉积含
lizards and mammals, including the earliest
peradectid marsupials and paromomyid ple- 有多个化石层和玄武岩夹层。在蒙古-奥地
siadapiform of Europe. A diverse and rich 利合作项目中,从研究区域的 33 个剖面/化
charophyte flora is well represented through- 石地点的 85 个化石层中采集了 289 种化石
out the lower part of the outcrop and allows （11 种腹足类、2 种两栖类、9 种爬行类和
the conclusion that the CIE falls in the Pecki- 267 种哺乳类）。本文提供了所有地点的完
chara disermas biozone. 整哺乳动物清单,并结合大、小哺乳动物的
新资料,对蒙古非正式的生物带 A,B,C 和 C1
2011010294
进行了更新。40Ar/39Ar 测年给出了至少两
从异地迁入的动物类群是北美西部内陆地
组玄武岩年龄：早渐新世玄武岩 I 组大约
区古新世最早期哺乳动物群的重要组成部
31.5Ma,晚渐新世玄武岩 II 组大约 28Ma。
分吗？ = Were Immigrants A Significant Part
它们可以用作渐新世哺乳动物地层学的年
Of The Earliest Paleocene Mammalian Fauna
Of The North American Western Interior？. 代校正点。从早渐新世至晚渐新世,哺乳动
( 英 文 ). Clemens W A. 古 脊 椎 动 物 学 物群发生了显著的变化,包括晚渐新世种数
报, 2010, 48(4): 285-307 的明显减少。这种趋势在肉齿类、食肉类
K/T 界线绝灭事件后残存类群的迁入和 和反刍类中最为突出。
地方性辐射在北美西部内陆地区的古新世
2011010296
最早期（Puercan 期）哺乳动物群的进化中
灵长类动物面临灭绝的危险及物种形成和
所起的作用存在争议。持续的野外工作和
绝灭的历史模式与本体质量有关 = Primate
室内研究极大地扩展和提升了我们对北美 extinction risk and historical patterns of speci-
地区的白垩纪最晚期（北美陆相哺乳动物 ation and extinction in relation to body mass.

89
(英文). Matthews L J; Arnold C; Machanda Z;
Nunn L. Proceedings of the Royal Society B:
Biological Sciences, 2011, 278(1709): 1256-
1263
Body mass is thought to influence diversifi-
cation rates, but previous studies have pro-
duced ambiguous results. We investigated
patterns of diversification across 100 trees
obtained from a new Bayesian inference of
primate phylogeny that sampled trees in pro-
portion to their posterior probabilities. First,
we used simulations to assess the validity of
previous studies that used linear models to
investigate the links between IUCN Red List
status and body mass. These analyses support
the use of linear models for ordinal ranked
data on threat status, and phylogenetic gener-
alized linear models revealed a significant
positive correlation between current extinction
risk and body mass across our tree block. We
then investigated historical patterns of speci-
ation and extinction rates using a recently de-
veloped maximum-likelihood method. Spe-
cifically, we predicted that body mass corre-
lates positively with extinction rate because
larger bodied organisms reproduce more
slowly, and body mass correlates negatively
with speciation rate because smaller bodied
organisms are better able to partition niche
space. We failed to find evidence that extinc-
tion rates covary with body mass across pri-
mate phylogeny. Similarly, the speciation rate
was generally unrelated to body mass, except
in some tests that indicated an increase in the
speciation rate with increasing body mass.
Importantly, we discovered that our data vio-
lated a key assumption of sample randomness
with respect to body mass. After correcting for
this bias, we found no association between
diversification rates and mass.
鱼 类
2011010297
加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚飞马地区始新世鱼
在一万年季节间隔期中比率变化的微地层
研究 = Microstratigraphic study of meristic
variation in an Eocene fish from a 10 000-year
varved interval at Horsefly, British Columbia.
(英文). Barton D G; Wilson M V H. Cana-
dian Journal of Earth Sciences, 1999, 36(12):
2059–2072
Varved, lacustrine rocks of the Middle Eo-
cene Horsefly deposits in British Columbia
are ideal for microstratigraphic studies. Tem-
poral resolution in such varved deposits can
theoretically be as small as a year. In the
Horsefly beds, specimens can be assigned pre-
cisely to their position in the stratigraphic sec-
tion by comparing the laminations enclosing
the fossils with those of a reference section.
Each fossil can thus be assigned to a relative
year of death. Some 700 specimens of the ca-
tostomid fish Amyzon aggregatum from the 10
000-year "H3" varved interval are examined
for meristic variation. Very few of the meristic
variables are significantly correlated with each
other. Meristic series that are the last to de-
velop ontogenetically are also the most pheno-
typically variable. In the studied interval, mer-
istic variation has a strong temporal compo-
nent, particularly in the case of fin rays and in
the ratio between precaudal and caudal verte-
bral counts. Much, but not all, of this temporal
variation occurs in conjunction with environ-
mental changes in the lake as estimated by
taphonomy and is consistent with some com-
bination of ecophenotypic and (or) evolution-
ary responses of the fish population to the en-
vironmental change.
2011010298
中生代海洋以浮游生物为食的大型硬骨鱼
长达 1 亿年的繁盛时代 = 100-Million-Year
Dynasty of Giant Planktivorous Bony Fishes
in the Mesozoic Seas. (英文). Friedman M;
Shimada K; Martin L D; Everhart M J; Liston
J; Maltese A; Triebold M. Science, 2010,
327(5968): 990-993
Large-bodied suspension feeders (plank-
tivores), which include the most massive ani-
mals to have ever lived, are conspicuously
absent from Mesozoic marine environments.
The only clear representatives of this trophic
guild in the Mesozoic have been an enigmatic
and apparently short-lived Jurassic group of
extinct pachycormid fishes. Here, we report
several new examples of these giant bony
fishes from Asia, Europe, and North America.
These fossils provide the first detailed ana-
tomical information on this poorly understood
clade and extend its range from the lower
Middle Jurassic to the end of the Cretaceous,
showing that this group persisted for more
than 100 million years. Modern large-bodied,
planktivorous vertebrates diversified after the
extinction of pachycormids at the Cretaceous-
Paleogene boundary, which is consistent with
an opportunistic refilling of vacated ecospace.
2011010299
硬骨鱼青鳉鱼卵巢干细胞的识别 = Identifi-
cation of Germline Stem Cells in the Ovary of
the Teleost Medaka. ( 英 文 ). Nakamura S;
90
Kobayashi K; Nishimura T; Higashijima S;
Tanaka M. Science, 2010, 328(5995): 1561-
1563
Germline stem cells continually produce
sperm in vertebrate testes, whereas there is no
direct evidence showing that germline stem
cells are present in adult vertebrate ovaries.
By using transgenic methods and clonal
analysis, we identified germline stem cells that
supported oogenesis and the production of
offspring in the ovaries of adult medaka fish.
Early-stage germ cells were localized in clus-
ters along interwoven threadlike cords of
sox9b-expressing somatic cells (termed ger-
minal cradles) where the germ cells developed.
Germline stem cells gave rise to germ cells
that divided to produce cysts, which then un-
derwent cell death or separated to form folli-
cles. Our results provide insight into the germ-
line stem cell biology of medaka and provide
a model system for studying vertebrate stem
cell niches.
2011010300
摩洛哥晚白垩世土仑期结核体中的新鳐类
（软骨鱼类，板鳃类族）的 3D 数字图像 =
3D digital imaging of a concretion-preserved
batoid (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii) from
the Turonian (Upper Cretaceous) of Morocco.
(英文). Claeson K M; Ward D J; Underwood
C J. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2010, 9(6-7):
283-287
We describe the manual and digital meth-
ods used to prepare an exceptional fossil
specimen, as well as the composition of this
specimen revealed by these methods. The fos-
sil, a rhinobatoid, is 3-dimensionally pre-
served in a concretion. Fossils like these are
seldom encountered, because flat-bodied ani-
mals are traditionally preserved in lithographic
beds, or more commonly, are only represented
by disassociated dentition. Manual preparation
was best conducted with needles and a local
application of buffered formic acid and neu-
tralised sodium carbonate. High-resolution
computed tomography and post-analysis using
the invert ramp option in VGStudio Max 2.0
produced the best results to see the complete
skeleton of this specimen. The specimen is
distinguishable from the only other known 3D
preserved fossil rhinobatoid, the Lower Creta-
ceous (Albian) genus †Iansan, and is probably
a member of Platyrhinidae.
2011010301
板鳃类低频声子接受的演化和内耳迷路形
态 = Labyrinth morphology and the evolution
of low-frequency phonoreception in elasmo-
branchs. ( 英 文 ). Maisey J G; Lane J A.
Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2010, 9(6-7): 289-
309
Labyrinth morphology in extant elasmo-
branchs (neoselachians: sharks, skates and
rays) and several extinct chondrichthyans
ranging in age from Pliocene to Devonian is
investigated using high-resolution computed
tomography (CT scanning) and digital recon-
stitution techniques. The elasmobranch laby-
rinth is highly specialized toward low-
frequency semi-directional sound detection
(LFSDP), optimally around 100 Hz. Several
features associated with LFSDP in neoselachi-
ans also occur in Mesozoic hybodonts (e.g.,
Egertonodus, Tribodus) and in some incertae
sedis extinct sharks (Acronemus, Tristychius),
but are absent in osteichthyans, extant and
fossil holocephalans, and certain Paleozoic
chondrichthyans (ctenacanths, symmoriiforms,
Pucapampella). Thus, LFSDP is regarded as
an evolutionary novelty of elasmobranchs that
arose some time after their divergence from
chimaeroids. The suite of characters associ-
ated with LFSDP was probably acquired pro-
gressively, some characters being more widely
distributed among fossil chondrichthyans than
others. LFSDP evolved only within chon-
drichthyans whose otico-occipital fissure be-
came secondarily closed during ontogeny.
2011010302
用微层面 X 射线照相术方法对美国堪萨斯
和俄克拉何马晚石炭世脊椎动物软骨鱼类
sibyrhynchid iniopterygians 类肩带和鳍的
研究兼评 iniopterygians 类的亲缘关系 =
Study of the pectoral girdle and fins of the
Late Carboniferous sibyrhynchid inioptery-
gians (Vertebrata, Chondrichthyes, Inioptery-
gia) from Kansas and Oklahoma (USA) by
means of microtomography, with comments
on iniopterygian relationships. (英文). Pradel
A; Tafforeau P; Janvier P. Comptes Rendus
Palevol, 2010, 9(6-7): 377-387
The latest works on iniopterygians question
their monophyly when considering only the
neurocranium of the two families
(Sibyrhynchidae and Iniopterygidae), which
have different conditions of preservation.
Some of the synapomorphies of the Inioptery-
gia concern the pectoral girdle and fins. How-
ever, the anatomy of these different elements
is still poorly known in this taxon. Here we
describe in details three dimensionally pre-
served cartilages of the pectoral girdle and fins
of the sibyrhynchid Iniopera sp. These struc-
91
tures have been extracted virtually from phos-
phatised nodules thanks to conventional and
synchrotron microtomography, using absorp-
tion and phase contrast based techniques in the
later case. The pectoral girdle of Iniopera sp.
consists of three elements, which are, from
dorsal to ventral, a paired suprascapular carti-
lage, a pair of robust scapulocoracoids and an
unpaired intercoracoid cartilage. The scapular
part of the scapulocoracoids is extremely re-
duced and the suprascapular cartilages link the
scapulcoracoids to the rear of the neurocra-
nium. These characters may be iniopterygian
synapomorphies. Iniopterygians, stem and
crown-holocephalans share a basipterygium
that articulates with the pectoral girdle and
bears an enlarged first pectoral fin radial. Pos-
teriorly, the basipterygium articulates with
either a well-defined metapterygium (in
crown-holocephalans) or a metapterygial axis
(in stem-holocephalans).
2011010303
始 新 世 高 加 索 地 区 北 部 一 新 科
Caucasichthyidae = The new family Cau-
casichthyidae (Pisces, Perciformes) from the
Eocene of the North Caucasus. (英文). Ban-
nikov A F; Carnevale G; Parin N V. Paleon-
tological Journal, 2011, 45(1): 83-89 5 图版.
Caucasichthys kumaensis gen. et sp. nov., a
representative of a new monotypic perciform
family Caucasichthyidae, from the Middle
Eocene (Bartonian, Kuma Horizon) of the
North Caucasus (Gorny Luch locality) is
described. The new family is characterized by
elongated body, strong preopercular spine in
adults, absence of supraneurals, large pelvic
fins, long caudal peduncle, and anal fin longer
at the base than soft dorsal fin. Scales vary
from cycloid to spinoid on different parts of
the body. Caucasichthys shares a number of
apomorphic features with members of certain
percoid families, most notably the
Priacanthidae. However, because of its unique
combination of features, the new family
cannot be properly placed within any existing
perciform suborder and it is placed incertae
sedis among the Perciformes.
2011010304
澳大利亚新南威尔士 Wee Jasper 地区早-
中泥盆世 Hatchery Creek 序列一个亲缘关
系未定的盾皮鱼类 = A new placoderm fish
of uncertain affinity from the Early-Middle
Devonian Hatchery Creek succession at Wee
Jasper, New South Wales. (英文). Hunt J R;
Young G C. Alcheringa, 2011, 35(1): 53 - 75
A new genus and species of placoderm
(Edgellaspis gorteri) has a parallel-sided skull
including a deep orbital notch, a large crown-
shaped nuchal plate reaching forward past the
level of the orbits to contact the pineal plate,
and three pairs of sensory grooves meeting at
a central point on the nuchal plate. The trunk
armour is generally similar to that of acti-
nolepid arthrodires but the new taxon shares
significant similarities with various placoderm
subgroups that have been aligned with basal
nodes of the order Arthrodira, including Ant-
arctaspidae, Wuttagoonaspidae and Phyl-
lolepidae. Its affinities are yet to be resolved.
2011010305
摩洛哥晚白垩世真骨鱼 Sorbinichthys 属一
新 种 = A new species of Sorbinichthys
(Teleostei: Clupeomorpha: Ellimmichthyifor-
mes) from the Late Cretaceous of Morocco.
(英文). Murray A M; Wilson M V H. Cana-
dian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2011, 48(1):
1–9
A new species of ellimmichthyiform fish,
represented by three specimens, has been re-
covered from deposits of the Akrabou Forma-
tion of Morocco. The new species is described
in the existing genus Sorbinichthys, family
Sorbinichthyidae, as Sorbinichthys africanus,
sp. nov., closely related to the type species
Sorbinichthys elusivo. The Ellimmichthyifor-
mes is an extinct order of clupeomorph fishes
that includes both freshwater and marine spe-
cies ranging from the Early Cretaceous
through the Eocene. Sorbinichthys elusivo is
known from Cenomanian deposits of the east-
ern Mediterranean Tethys (Lebanon), whereas
the new species is possibly early Turonian but
more probably late Cenomanian in age, from
the western Tethys (eastern Morocco). At
lower taxonomic levels, the assemblage from
the Akrabou Formation has a primarily
Tethyan composition, exemplified by the ge-
nus Sorbinichthys, whereas supra-generic taxa
found there include groups with trans-Atlantic
(e.g., Sorbinichthyidae, Macrosemiidae) or
near-cosmopolitan (e.g., Paraclupeidae) distri-
butions.
2011010306
意大利 Monte Bolca 地区始新世奇异的多
刺-辐肋鱼 = Enigmatic spiny-rayed fish from
the Eocene of Monte Bolca, Italy. ( 英 文 ).
92
Bannikov A F; Carnevale G. Geological Jour-
nal, 2011, 46(1): 52-62
A new genus and species of percomorph
fish, Pietschellus aenigmaticus gen. et sp. nov.,
is described from the Eocene (Ypresian) mic-
ritic limestone of the Monte Postale site of the
Monte Bolca locality, northern Italy. This new
percomorph taxon is based on a single well-
preserved nearly complete specimen that ex-
hibits a unique combination of features. A
detailed comparative analysis indicates that
Pietschellus possibly was a benthic fish which
shares several character states with certain
lophiiform, callionymoid, trachinoid, blenni-
oid, pterygocephalid, cottoid and scorpaenoid
taxa. Most of these shared character states,
however, are reductive and seem to be related
to the convergent benthic lifestyle and/or to
the relative elongation of the body, being the
product of parallel or convergent evolution.
Therefore, the present evidence does not fa-
vour any sister-group relationship and, as a
consequence, Pietschellus is placed as incer-
tae sedis within the percomorph fishes
2011010307
圆口类盲鳗类和七鳃鳗类脊椎动物特性的
衰减及对脊椎动物化石记录的启示 = Decay
of vertebrate characters in hagfish and lam-
prey (Cyclostomata) and the implications for
the vertebrate fossil record. (英文). Sansom R
S; Gabbott S E; Purnell M A. Proceedings of
the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2011,
278(1709): 1150-1157
The timing and sequence of events underly-
ing the origin and early evolution of verte-
brates remains poorly understood. The palae-
ontological evidence should shed light on
these issues, but difficulties in interpretation
of the non-biomineralized fossil record make
this problematic. Here we present an experi-
mental analysis of decay of vertebrate charac-
ters based on the extant jawless vertebrates
(Lampetra and Myxine). This provides a
framework for the interpretation of the anat-
omy of soft-bodied fossil vertebrates and puta-
tive cyclostomes, and a context for reading the
fossil record of non-biomineralized vertebrate
characters. Decay results in transformation
and non-random loss of characters. In both
lamprey and hagfish, different types of carti-
lage decay at different rates, resulting in ta-
phonomic bias towards loss of ‘soft’ cartilages
containing vertebrate-specific Col2α1 ex-
tracellular matrix proteins; phylogenetically
informative soft-tissue characters decay before
more plesiomorphic characters. As such, syn-
apomorphic decay bias, previously recognized
in early chordates, is more pervasive, and
needs to be taken into account when interpret-
ing the anatomy of any non-biomineralized
fossil vertebrate, such as Haikouichthys,
Mayomyzon and Hardistiella.
2011010308
德国西北部早白垩世鼠鲨类两新种: Lep-
tostyrax stychi 和 Protolamna sarstedtensis
= Two new lamniform sharks (Leptostyrax
stychi sp. nov. and Protolamna sarstedtensis
sp. nov.) from the Early Cretaceous of NW
Germany. (英文). Schmitz L; Thies D; Kriwet
J. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie u. Palaon-
tologie / Abhandlungen, 2010, 257(3): 283-
296
The new species are the earliest representa-
tives of the corresponding genera, Leptostyrax
and Protolamna. The validity of the genus
Protolamna is confirmed, and diagnoses for
both genera are amended. Teeth of Lep-
tostyrax differ in many aspects from teeth of
Protolamna including non-continuous cutting
edges between main cusp and lateral cusplets,
basally compressed main cusp, short root
branches forming a "V", and a less developed
lingual protuberance compared to teeth of
Protolamna.
2011010309
阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚地区早白垩世内乌肯群
（Portezuelo 组）鲱形类的首次发现 = First
record of a clupeomorph fish in the Neuquén
Group (Portezuelo Formation), Upper Creta-
ceous of Patagonia, Argentina. (英文). Valéria
G; Jorge O C; Alexander W.A. K. Cretaceous
Research, 2011, 32(2): 223-235 8 图版.
A new genus and species of clupeomorph
fish, Leufuichthys minimus, is described from
the fluvial deposits of the Portezuelo Forma-
tion, Upper Cretaceous (Turonian–Coniacian)
of the Neuquén Group, Patagonia, Argentina.
It is a small-sized fish with an estimated body
length up to 46 mm. Among other characters,
the new species shows the following: abdomi-
nal scutes; abdomen moderately convex; anal
fin elongate-based; three uroneurals; two epu-
rals; caudal fin bearing very elongate rays; and
cycloid scales. Leufuichthys minimus gen. et
sp. nov. shows a greater similarity with
Kwangoclupea dartevellei, a clupeomorph
described from a marine Cenomanian deposit
of the Democratic Republic of Congo (Africa),
mainly due to the presence of an elongate-
based anal fin, bearing more than 20 fin-rays,
93
differing from it by the presence of a not hy-
pertrophied abdomen. As far as known, L.
minimus gen. et sp. nov. is the first clupeo-
morph described in the Upper Cretaceous of
Patagonia and represents one fortuitous pres-
ervation of an articulated fish in fluvial depos-
its.
2011010310
巴西中生代腔棘鱼一新类群 = A new Meso-
zoic coelacanth from Brazil (Sarcopterygii,
Actinistia). ( 英 文 ). Yabumoto Y. Paleon-
tological Research, 2008, 12(4): 329-343
A new genus and species of coelacanth,
Parnaibaia maranhaoensis gen. et sp. nov. is
described on the basis of four specimens from
the Pastos Bons Formation in Maranhao, Bra-
zil. This new genus and species differs from
other genera of the family Mawsoniidae by
having a stout median ridge on the scales, six
free extrascapulars, seven elements in the su-
praorbital-tectal series and absence of large
teeth. R maranhaoensis bridges the gap be-
tween the Triassic Chinlea and Cretaceous
Mawsonia and Axelrodichthys
2011010311
美国西部堪萨斯州晚白垩世 Archaeolamna
kopingensis 的 部 分 骨 骼 化 石 = A Partial
Skeleton of the Late Cretaceous Lamniform
Shark, Archaeolamna kopingensis, from the
Pierre Shale of Western Kansas, U.S.A.. (英
文). Cook T D; Newbrey M G; Murray A M;
Wilson M V; Shimada K; Takeuchi G T;
Stewart J D. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontol-
ogy, 2011, 31(1): 8–21 6 图版.
All previous records of the lamniform shark,
Archaeolamna kopingensis, are based on iso-
lated teeth. Here we describe a partial skeleton
from the Sharon Springs Formation of the Pi-
erre Shale Group of western Kansas, U.S.A.
The specimen includes portions of the upper
and lower jaws with articulated teeth. The
dentition consists of two files of upper and
lower anterior teeth that, together with a single
file of intrabullar intermediate teeth, are
housed in a dental bulla, as well as multiple
files of lateral teeth, along with at least two
files of lower symphysial teeth and a single
file of upper symphysial teeth. The intrabullar
intermediate tooth is slightly shorter than the
other anterior teeth and has a median cusp
with distinctive distal curvature. The dental
sequence of A. kopingensis is unique among
both extinct and extant lamniforms. Associ-
ated with the jaws are fragments of the neuro-
cranium and multiple vertebral centra. A sagit-
tal section through a centrum shows that this
shark deposited 18 annual marker bands after
its birth and adult size was attained by the
10th band. The robust but penetrating tooth
morphology and large jaw circumference sug-
gest that A. kopingensis likely fed upon large
prey items.
2011010312
对乍得晚中新世 Mochokus，包括新种 M.
Gigas 的首次描述 = Giants in a Minute Cat-
fish Genus: First Description of Fossil Mo-
chokus (Siluriformes, Mochokidae) in the
Late Miocene of Chad, Including M. Gigas, sp.
nov.. ( 英 文 ). Pinton A; Otero O; Likius
A;Taïsso H; Mackaye M; Vignaud;Brunet M.
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 2011,
31(1): 22-31
The first Mochokus (Siluriformes, Mo-
chokidae) remains of the fossil record are de-
scribed, including a new species based on a
sub-complete neurocranium discovered in the
Late Miocene deposits of Toros-Menalla,
Chad, Central Africa, dated to 7.0 Ma. Mo-
chokus gigas, sp. nov., is the first fossil spe-
cies described for the family Mochokidae,
which is the largest family of African catfishes.
The description is based on the comparison
with the two living species of the genus, M.
niloticus and M. brevis. Mochokus gigas, sp.
nov., is a very large species presenting origi-
nal features, notably on the pectoral spines
and on the anterior part of the neurocranium.
One of the apomorphies characterizing the
modern genus Mochokus is found on the fossil:
the root of the mesocoracoid arch is located on
the posterior side of the vertical lamina of the
coracoid and lacks any dorsally directed
prominence. Several other Mochokus fossil
remains, including nuchal plates, cleithra, and
dorsal spines, are described and attributed to
Mochokus, sp. indet., or Mochokus sp. Finally,
and on the basis of preliminary observations
of the fossil fish assemblages from different
sites of Toros-Menalla, the lack of Mochokus
fossil remains is discussed.
两 栖 类
2011010313
合弓型类无牙兽孔类中的鼻孔大小和次生
腭长度的演化模式-把缺氧作为二叠纪末期
四足动物灭绝的一个原因的意义 = Patterns
in the evolution of Nares size and secondary
Palate length in Anomodont Therapsids (Syn-
apsida): Implications for Hypoxia as a cause
94
of End-Permian Tetrapod extinctions. (英文).
Angielczyk K D; Walsh M L. Journal of Pa-
leontology, 2008, 82(3): 528-542 1 图版.
Seemingly consistent proportional differences
in several palatal structures have been noted
between Permian and Triassic anomodont
therapsids for nearly a century. These patterns
have been cited as evidence in support of a
decline in atmospheric oxygen concentrations
that may have contributed to end-Permian ter-
restrial extinctions. However, it is not known
whether the observed differences are signifi-
cant, or whether they stem from continued
directional selection. If they are not significant,
or if their timing does not match that proposed
for the oxygen decline, support for the hy-
poxia-based extinction scenario would be
weakened. We tested whether the internal
nares and bony secondary palate, two palatal
features proposed to be related to respiratory
efficiency, are significantly larger in Triassic
anomodonts, and whether the variation can be
attributed to a long-term tendency for increase.
Results based on raw data indicate that Trias-
sic anomodonts have significantly larger sec-
ondary palates than Permian anomodonts.
They also have significantly larger internal
nares, but only when primitive, morphologi-
cally-divergent specimens are not considered.
Although nares and palate size are correlated
with stratigraphic occurrence, available data
reject the hypothesis that the observed differ-
ences were the result of a long-term trend.
Most of these findings are consistent with the
predictions of the hypoxia scenario. However,
removing the effects of body size and phylog-
eny causes some of the differences to break
down, indicating that if selection for increased
respiratory efficiency affected these characters,
it was most likely not the only factor to do so.
Therefore, the characters provide only weak
evidence in support of the hypoxia scenario,
and we recommend against their use for this
purpose. Our results emphasize the need for
caution when invoking presumed differences
between Permian and Triassic vertebrates as
support for hypoxia, or other extinction sce-
narios, without a rigorous study of the charac-
ter(s) in question.
2011010314
远古两栖类 temnospondyl 系列生长的形态
空间占位：几何形态测量方法 = Morpho-
space occupation of temnospondyl growth
series: a geometric morphometric approach.
(英文). Witzmann F; Scholz H; Ruta M. Al-
cheringa, 2009, 33(3): 237 - 255
A morphometric analysis based on 16
landmarks (specific geometric points) identi-
fied on the skull roof of different growth
stages of various temnospondyls revealed pat-
terns of shape change during ontogeny. Data
from 50 individuals from 12 taxa, encompass-
ing euskelians (dissorophoids, eryopids and
zatracheids) and stereospondylomorphs were
plotted in a morphospace diagram defined by
two principal-component axes (PC 1 and PC 2)
of a principal-component analysis of the shape
variables. The morphospace occupation re-
flects phylogenetic relationships of the main
clades of temnospondyls. All stereospondylo-
morphs investigated here have similar ontoge-
netic trajectories with long intervals on PC 1.
Eryopids and zatracheids have shortened their
trajectories on PC 1 and are separated in mor-
phospace relative to the stereospondylo-
morphs and dissorophoids. Outgroup compari-
son with Cochleosaurus bohemicus (Fri ,
1876) suggests that a long ontogenetic trajec-
tory with gradual development represents the
plesiomorphic condition for temnospondyls.
More derived stereospondylomorphs (among
the taxa considered here, but excluding groups
such as derived rhytidosteids and
brachyopoids) increased the length of their
trajectories on PC 1 and show a peramorphic
pattern, resulting in the long and slender skull
of piscivorous predators. Dissorophoids ex-
hibit truncated ontogenetic trajectories and
occupy the morphospace region of larval
stereospondylomorphs, thus attaining a pae-
domorphic appearance probably by hypomor-
phosis. Amphibamid and branchiosaurid dis-
sorophoids have clearly distinguishable larval
and postlarval developments, indicating that
these forms had evolved a lissamphibian-like
type of metamorphosis.
2011010315
确定化石两栖类骨骼矿化程度的新方法：
以法国奥顿盆地晚古生代鳃龙 Apateon 属
为例 = A new tool for determining degrees of
mineralization in fossil amphibian skeletons:
The example of the Late Palaeozoic branchio-
saurid Apateon from the Autun Basin, France.
(英文). Sanchez S; de Ploëg G; Clément G;
Ahlberga P E. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2010,
9(6-7): 311-317
Studying ontogenetic features of fossil
tetrapods is of major interest for investigating
the adaptive strategies of early tetrapods to
their palaeoenvironments. To determine the
degree of calcification of skeletal elements,
biologists have until now relied on X-ray ra-
95
diographs of organisms or isolated bones, or
on thin sections. An X-ray tomographic scan
of Apateon, a Carboniferous – Permian bran-
chiosaurid from the Autun Basin, France, re-
veals distinct density properties related to dif-
ferent mineralized tissues (calcified cartilage
versus bone). The rendering of Apateon as a
“test individual” provides a 3D map of the
degrees of ossification of the axial and cranial
elements. The combination of these anatomi-
cal observations with histological information
from classical thin sections made in limb
bones of several other specimens of the same
locality allows the detailed determination of
their ontogenetic stage. A comparison with the
well-known specimens of the Saar-Nahe Basin,
Germany, makes it possible to investigate the
influence of different palaeoenvironments on
ontogenetic features.
2011010316
匈牙利晚白垩世一先进的无尾目 = An ad-
vanced anuran from the Late Cretaceous (San-
tonian) of Hungary. (英文). Szentesi Z; Venc-
zel M. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie u.
Palaontologie / Abhandlungen, 2010, 256(3):
291-302
A new anuran genus and species is de-
scribed based on isolated ilia and tibio-fibulae
from the Iharkut locality. The distinctive ilium
exhibits at least two autapomorphies: (1) an
liac crest that is heavily built, extremely high,
and sculptured laterally by longitudinal
grooves and bony ridges that anastomose pos-
teriorly and (2) an interiliac tuberele that is
huge and medially bears an extensive sutural
surfacedeveloped at the level of the
preacetabular region.
2011010317
巴西南部中/上三叠统圣玛丽亚组两栖类巨
型全椎类动物化石的发现 = Occurrence of
giant stereospondyl remains in the Santa
Maria Formation (Middle/Upper Triassic of
southern Brazil). ( 英 文 ). Dias-da-Silva S;
Cabreira S F; Roberto Da Silva L. Alcher-
inga, 2011, 35(1): 11 - 19
The first occurrence of stereospondyl re-
mains in the Santa Maria Formation (Mid-
dle/Upper Triassic) of the Paran Basin is
reported. The material is fragmentary but indi-
cates the presence of large stereospondyls in
the Carnian of this unit. The lack of informa-
tive characters is an obstacle, but the speci-
mens probably belong to metoposaurids, tre-
matosaurids or mastodonsauroids. Most South
American reports of stereospondyls record
fragmentary remains (except for the Argentin-
ean chigutisaurids, and the Brazilian Aus-
tralerpeton cosgriffi—a rhinesuchoid, and
Sangaia lavinai—a rhytidosteid), and this
situation constrains generalized attempts to
understand their likely sequence of occupation
in this part of Gondwana during the upper Pa-
laeozoic and lower Mesozoic. Nevertheless,
this new record is important, since it increases
the representation of stereospondyls in south-
ern Brazil. Moreover, it expands their bio-
stratigraphic range in the Ros rio do Sul
Group.
2011010318
西班牙早更新世绿蟾蜍的首次报告：古生
物 地 理 和 古 生 态 意 义 = First report of a
green toad (Bufo viridis sensu lato) in the
Early Pleistocene of Spain: Palaeobio-
geographical and palaeoecological implica-
tions. (英文). Blain H-A; Gibert L; Ferràndez-
Cañadell C. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2010,
9(8): 487-497
For the first time unequivocal fossil remains
of a green toad (Bufo viridis s.l.) are described
in the Iberian Peninsula. The fossils come
from the Cueva Victoria site, a late Early
Pleistocene (ca. 1.1–1.2 Ma) karstic filling in
semi-arid southeastern Spain (Murcia region).
By extension, other remains from two other
Early Pleistocene Spanish localities, Barranco
León D (ca. 1.3 Ma) and Almenara-
Casablanca 3 (ca. 1.1 Ma), are cautiously at-
tributed to the group B. viridis. The B. viridis
group was previously reported with some un-
certainty to the west of its current distribution
area in Western Europe (Spain and France) in
the Pliocene (Bufo cf. viridis) and less proba-
bly in the Early Miocene (Bufo aff. viridis).
Since no osteological differences have been
established between the recently described
extant species of B. viridis s.l. (e.g. Bufo bale-
aricus, Bufo siculus, Bufo boulengeri, B. viri-
dis sensu stricto and Bufo variabilis) no pre-
cise palaeobiogeographical relationships can
be drawn for the Spanish fossils. However, the
occurrence of a third species of bufonid toad
during the Pleistocene in the South of the Ibe-
rian Peninsula raises some interesting ecologi-
cal questions in relation to the local disappear-
ance of the green toad, which can be hypo-
thetically linked to the intensification of the
Pleistocene glacial/interglacial climate dy-
namic or to probable competition with another
toad, Bufo calamita.
2011010319
96
土耳其下中新统罕见的蝌蚪: 无尾目中的幼
体生殖有可能吗? = Strange tadpoles from
the lower Miocene of Turkey: Is paedogenesis
possible in anurans?. (英文). Dubois A; Gros-
jean S; Paicheler J C. Acta palaeontologica
Polonica, 2010, 55(1): 43-55
Fossil material from the lower Miocene
collected in the basin lake of Beskonak in-
cluded 19 slabs showing 19 amphibian anuran
tadpoles of rather large size, at Gosner stages
36-38. They are here tentatively referred to the
genus Pelobates. Two of these tadpoles show
an unusual group of black roundish spots in
the abdominal region, and a third similar
group of spots is present in anotherslab but we
were unable to state if it was associated with a
tadpole or not. Several hypotheses can be pro-
pose to accout for these structures: artefacts;
intestinal content; internal or external parasites;
diseases; eggs produced by the tadpole; The
latter hypotheses is discussed in detail and is
shown to be unlikly for several reasons. How-
ever, in the impobable case where these spots
would correspond to eggs, this would be the
first reported case of natual paedogenesis in
anurans, a phenomenon which has been so far
considered impossible mostly for anatomical
reasons.
2011010320
美国得克萨斯州早二叠世 Amphibamid 的
新 类 群 = A New Amphibamid (Temno-
spondyli: Dissorophoidea) from the Early
Permian of Texas. (英文). Bourget H; Ander-
son J S. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontol-
ogy, 2011, 31(1): 32-49
The Amphibamidae are undergoing inten-
sive investigation at present, with many new
species recently described to better understand
their interrelationships and role in the origin of
extant amphibians. A new genus and species
of amphibamid, Rubeostratilia texensis, repre-
sented by a skull from the Early Permian of
Texas, shows many similarities with a recent
described species from Richards Spur, Okla-
homa, Pasawioops mayi. The skull is elongate
and oval, with enlarged external naris and or-
bits, typical of the other amphibamids within
the Micropholis-Tersomius cluster. The skull
exhibits the laterally exposed palatine (LEP)
and the dorsal quadrate process typical of the
Dissorophoidea. Unlike Pasawioops, the new
species preserves only a few additional char-
acters relevant to amphibamid relationships:
the pterygoid contacts only the ectopterygoid,
the postfrontal's shape is falciform, and the
alary processes do not extend further posteri-
orly than one-half of the length of the external
naris. We included Rubeostratilia in a recently
published amphibamid matrix, to which we
added four characters, and conducted two
separate phylogenetic analyses, differing in
the coding of three characters in the genus
Plemmyradytes. The results demonstrate the
importance of precision in coding for each
character, because these minor changes lead to
two different topologies. A brief morphomet-
ric analysis of amphibamid cranial anatomy
was conducted to better understand the nature
of the different morphotypes among which the
new species clusters. The results of both mor-
phometric and phylogenetic analysis add sup-
port to the emerging consensus that amphi-
bamids cluster into two distinct clades.
2011010321
阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚西北始新世一新蛙类 =
A New Helmeted Frog (Anura: Calypto-
cephalellidae) from an Eocene Subtropical
Lake in Northwestern Patagonia, Argentina.
(英文). Gómez R O; Báez A M; Muzzopappa
P. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 2011,
31(1): 50–59
Eocene caldera-lake deposits from Río
Pichileufú have yielded anuran remains in
association with a taxonomically diverse flora.
The floral evidence suggests that these an-
urans lived under climatic conditions similar
to those of extant subtropical rainforests. One
of the anurans is a helmeted neobatrachian,
which is represented by articulated remains
and represents a new species that can be as-
signed to the extant genus Calyptocephalella
on the basis of both cranial and postcranial
traits. Calyptocephalella pichileufensis, gen. et
sp. nov., indicates that, despite the relatively
conservative skeletal anatomy of the genus,
Calyptocephalella has not always been associ-
ated with the temperate austral forests that it
inhabits today. The new species also provides
evidence of a biotic link with Australia, which
has been proposed on the basis of other faunal
and floral records, as well as on the paleo-
geographic history of Patagonia during the
mid-Cretaceous—Eocene interval. We also
discuss the significance of neobatrachian cra-
nial features that might reflect hyperossifica-
tion.
爬 行 类
2011010322
浮点——蛇颈龙浮力、平衡和胃石的计算
研究 = Floating point: a computational study
of buoyancy, equilibrium, and gastroliths in
97
plesiosaurs. ( 英 文 ). Henderson D M. Le-
thaia, 2006, 39(3): 227 - 244
Three-dimensional mathematical / computa-
tional models of three types of plesiosaur
(Liopleurodon - short neck, Cryptoclidus -
medium neck, and Thalassomedon - long neck)
were used to investigate aspects of their flota-
tion and stability. Equivalent models of an
extant alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)
and leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys cori-
acea) were used as tests. With full lungs, and
uniform tissue densities of 1,050 g/l, all five
models would float at the surface, with the
alligator and sea turtle models replicating the
depths of immersion and inclinations observed
in living forms. Impractically large amounts of
gastroliths were needed to initiate sinking -
even with the lungs 50% inflated,10 kg of
stones were still required in a 218 kg Crypto-
clidus to produce negative buoyancy, and the
hypothesis that gastroliths were for control of
buoyancy is rejected. However, gastroliths
equal to 1% of body weight in the Thalas-
somedon model were effective at damping out
buoyant oscillations of the neck when at the
surface and minimizing instability when fully
immersed at 10 meters depth. The oblate bod-
ies of Cryptoclidus and Liopleurodon pro-
vided effective passive mechanisms for right-
ing the body if perturbed by waves at the sur-
face, but the almost circular cross-section of
the Thalassomedon body was ineffective in
self-righting. The relatively longer flippers of
Thalassomedon may have provided higher
drag to resist rolling. The idea that plesiosaurs
could maintain their necks above the water
surface in an erect manner is rejected due to
unbalanced buoyancy torques acting on the
body.
2011010323
东格陵兰晚三叠世湖相沉积恐龙足迹的垂
直剖面——下足迹和其他面下变形构造揭
示 = Vertical sections through dinosaur tracks
(Late Triassic lake deposits, East Greenland) -
undertracks and other subsurface deformation
structures revealed. (英文). Milàn J; Clem-
mensen L B; Bonde N. Lethaia, 2004, 37(3):
285 - 296
Tracks and trackways of theropod dinosaurs
(Grallator footprints) are abundant in the Late
Triassic lake sediments of East Greenland. For
this study we selected a rather diffuse thero-
pod track preserved on the upper surface of a
red heterolithic mudrock, and a better pre-
served track seen on the upper surface of a
greyish mudrock. In order to examine under-
tracks and other subsurface deformation struc-
tures, both slabs were sectioned vertically at
closely-spaced intervals, perpendicular to the
length of the axis of the impression of digit III.
Each section was subsequently polished and
internal structures revealed. The digit impres-
sions of both tracks were associated with well-
defined undertracks which were cut by deep
and narrow claw imprints at the distal end of
the digit impressions. Marginal ridges at the
tracking surfaces were typically associated
with subsurface marginal folds. The marginal
ridges were asymmetrically developed sug-
gesting an outward movement of the proximal
part of the foot, probably during the kick-off;
this is in contrast to what is observed in tracks
from Lower Jurassic theropods. The study
shows that cross-sections through dinosaur
tracks display large structural variation and it
is suggested that some disturbed layers in con-
tinental deposits could be the result of tram-
pling by vertebrates.
2011010324
对化石脊椎动物覆盖物首次作骨胶原 D 带
超微构造的研究 = First investigation of the
collagen D-band ultrastructure in fossilized
vertebrate integument. (英文). Lingham-Soliar
T; Wesley-Smith J. Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences, 2008,
275(1648): 2207-2212
The ultrastructure of dermal fibres of a
200Myr thunniform ichthyosaur, Ichthyosau-
rus, specifically the 67nm axial repeat D-
banding of the fibrils, which characterizes
collagen, is presented for the first time by
means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
analysis. The fragment of material investi-
gated is part of previously described fossilized
skin comprising an architecture of layers of
oppositely oriented fibre bundles. The wider
implication, as indicated by the extraordinary
quality of preservation, is the robustness of the
collagen molecule at the ultrastructural level,
which presumably contributed to its survival
during the initial processes of decomposition
prior to mineralization. Investigation of the
elemental composition of the sample by
SEM–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
indicates that calcite and phosphate played
important roles in the rapid mineralization and
fine replication of the collagen fibres and fi-
brils. The exceedingly small sample used in
the investigation and high level of information
achieved indicate the potential for minimal
damage to prized museum specimens; for ex-
ample, ultrastructural investigations by SEM
98
may be used to help resolve highly conten-
tious questions, for example, ‘protofeathers’ in
the Chinese dinosaurs.
2011010325
加拿大艾伯塔上白垩统 Santonian Milk 组
最上部兽足恐龙牙齿的多样性和变异：支
持加拿大最老恐龙牙齿组合鉴定的一种定
量方法 = Diversity and variation of theropod
dinosaur teeth from the uppermost Santonian
Milk River Formation (Upper Cretaceous),
Alberta: a quantitative method supporting
identification of the oldest dinosaur tooth as-
semblage in Canada. (英 文 ). Larson D W.
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2008,
45(12): 1455-1468
The Santonian Deadhorse Coulee Member
of the Milk River Formation preserves the
oldest dinosaur body fossils found in Alberta.
However, vertebrate remains consist almost
exclusively of isolated elements and microver-
tebrate assemblages. Here, 1572 relatively
complete shed non-avian theropod teeth from
20 localities in the Deadhorse Coulee Member
are measured and analyzed to assess species
diversity. Teeth are referred to or similar to
Tyrannosaurinae indet., cf. Richardoestesia
gilmorei, cf. Richardoestesia isosceles, Dro-
maeosauridae indet., Dromaeosaurinae indet.,
Velociraptorinae indet., and cf. Paronychodon
lacustris. For the taxa identified, the large
sample size allows for the assessment of their
range of variation and accurate identification,
without the benefit of comparable material of
this age. Multivariate statistics, including a
principal component analysis and a canonical
variate analysis, provide reasonable separation
of all taxa, although better results are achieved
by separate analyses based on qualitative ob-
servations of denticle shape. The best results
of the canonical variate analysis identified
96.0% of specimens correctly. This corrobo-
rates the qualitative identification of speci-
mens and illustrates a valid way of evaluating
diversity in areas and formations from which
no described jaw material is known.
2011010326
亚北极跖骨：中间型跖骨的结构证明兽足
恐龙中北极跖骨和高度灵敏性的演化 = The
subarctometatarsus: intermediate metatarsus
architecture demonstrating the evolution of the
arctometatarsus and advanced agility in thero-
pod dinosaurs. (英文). White M A. Alcher-
inga, 2009, 33(1): 1 - 21
The subarctometatarsus is a plesiomorphic
form of arctometatarsus. Five individual su-
barctometatarsalian specimens are examined
in this study including Microraptor gui, Si-
nornithosaurus millenii, Sinovenator changii,
Sinovenator sp. and Sinornithoides youngi.
Bivariate analysis illustrates a closer relation-
ship between subarctometatarsalians and small
theropods possessing the plesiomorphic thero-
pod metatarsus (e.g. Compsognathidae and
Archaeopteryx). Reduced major axis (RMA)
analysis supported this conclusion but also
indicates a distinct statistical difference be-
tween the three categories of theropod meta-
tarsus. Additionally, development of the su-
barctometatarsus is inferred to have been
linked to advanced cursoriality as implicated
for the arctometatarsus. Structural similarity
between the subarctometatarsus and the arc-
tometatarsus portrays a common mechanical
function of being able to withstand the forces
of high impact with the substrate. Phyloge-
netic analysis reveals five independent origins
of the arctometatarsus
2011010327
南非中二叠世具有颞颥窗孔的一个新的副
爬行类动物 = A new parareptile with tempo-
ral fenestration from the Middle Permian of
South Africa. (英文). Modesto S P; Scott D M;
Reisz R R. Canadian Journal of Earth Sci-
ences, 2009, 46(1): 9–20
The partial skeleton of a small reptile, from
the Middle Permian Tapinocephalus Assem-
blage Zone of South Africa, is described as a
new parareptile. Australothyris smithi gen. et
sp. nov. is diagnosed by contact between the
postfrontal and the supratemporal, a relatively
large pineal foramen, a small interpterygoid
vacuity, the presence of teeth on the ventral
surfaces of the basipterygoid processes, and
several other autapomorphies. Phylogenetic
analysis of an augmented data matrix from the
literature positions A. smithi basally within
Parareptilia, as the sister taxon of Ankyramor-
pha. Our results indicate that the presence of a
lateral temporal fenestra is synapomorphic for
procolophonomorphs (as regarded in this pa-
per) and that this structure was variously
modified in procolophonians. Australothyris
smithi is the phylogenetically youngest mem-
ber of a grade of Gondwanan parareptiles that
includes mesosaurids and millerosaurs, a to-
pology intimating that parareptiles diversified
first in Gondwana and then dispersed into
Laurasia. This biogeographic scenario is at
odds with observations that the bolosaurids of
99
Laurasia predate mesosaurids and other
Gondwanan parareptiles by approximately 15
million years.
2011010328
从某些精选的新兽孔目（特着重于二齿
兽）的骨微细构造推断生长模式：系统发
育学意义 = Growth patterns as deduced from
bone microstructure of some selected neo-
therapsids with special emphasis on dicyno-
donts: Phylogenetic implications. (英文). Ray
S; Bandyopadhyay S; Bhawal D. Palae-
oworld, 2009, 18(1): 53-66
Osteohistological analysis of the dicyno-
donts Endothiodon, Diictodon, Lystrosaurus
and Wadiasaurus reveals distinctly different
growth patterns within a framework of an
overall fast growth. The late Permian endemic
taxon from India, Endothiodon mahalanobisi
and the South African Diictodon feliceps had
periodic fast growth. The early Triassic Ly-
strosaurus murrayi and the middle Triassic
Wadiasaurus indicus had an initial fast growth
followed by a relatively slow growth later in
ontogeny as is observed from the presence of
peripheral parallel fibred bone. Although all
examined dicynodont genera had an indeter-
minate growth strategy, the bone microstruc-
ture of Wadiasaurus suggests that its growth
was much slower than that of other dicyno-
donts examined. Mapping of osetohistological
character states on a cladogram depicting the
inter-relationship between available neo-
therapsid genera shows that fibrolamellar bone
tissue, overall fast growth and indeterminate
growth strategy were plesiomorphic for the
neotherapsids. A considerable reduction in
developmental plasticity and evolution of ap-
parently independent growth trajectories from
environmental conditions are evident within
the non-mammalian cynodonts, with the ad-
vanced tritylodontids achieving almost a
mammalian growth traject
2011010329
部分基干角龙类齿型的比较解剖学 = Com-
parative anatomy of selected basal ceratopsian
dentitions. ( 英 文 ). Tanoue K; You Hailu;
Dodson P. Canadian Journal of Earth Sci-
ences, 2009, 46(6): 425–439
The dental structure of basal ceratopsians is
described. Evolutionary trends in maxillary
and dentary teeth of basal ceratopsians include
decrease and possible loss of enamel on the
occluding side of tooth crowns, increase in the
angle of wear facet, development of a promi-
nent primary ridge and deep indentations on
mesial and distal sides of the primary ridge,
and increase in tooth size in neoceratopsians.
Premaxillary teeth in the basalmost ceratop-
sian Yinlong and basal neoceratopsian Ar-
chaeoceratops oshimai exhibit wear facets and
denticles along the carina, which imply use for
feeding. Maxillary and dentary teeth of basal
ceratopsians were probably not as effective in
feeding as those in ceratopsids because of the
relatively less prominent primary ridges.
Some dental characters can be used to identify
taxon and tooth position of isolated basal cera-
topsian teeth.
2011010330
澳大利亚新南威尔士早三叠世长生物礁地
点 Bulgo 砂岩古鳄型初龙化石早三叠世 =
Proterosuchid archosaur remains from the
Early Triassic Bulgo Sandstone of Long Reef,
New South Wales. (英文). Kear B P. Alcher-
inga, 2009, 33(4): 331 - 337
Two associated anterior dorsal vertebrae of
a primitive archosaur are described from the
Early Triassic (Dienerian-Spathian) Bulgo
Sandstone at Long Reef, New South Wales,
Australia. Character states including antero-
posteriorly elongate centra, dorsal neural
spines with height greater than length, the
possible presence of intercentra, double-
headed rib articulations and well-developed
apical tables on the neural spines suggest af-
finity with proterosuchid archosauriforms and
permit some comparisons with previously de-
scribed Australian taxa. The Bulgo Sandstone
vertebrae represent the first record of ar-
chosaurian body fossils from the Sydney Ba-
sin and are one of only a handful of occur-
rences thus far documented from the Triassic
of Australia.
2011010331
摩洛哥晚白垩世兽脚恐龙过量了吗？从野
外数据和化石商店比较生物多样性估量 =
A surfeit of theropods in the Moroccan Late
Cretaceous? Comparing diversity estimates
from field data and fossil shops. ( 英 文 ).
McGowan A J; Dyke G J. Geology, 2009,
37(9): 843-846
An unusually high proportion of large-
bodied carnivorous theropod dinosaurs has
been reported from the Moroccan Late Creta-
ceous Kem Kem Formation, a well-known
package of North Africa vertebrate fossil-
bearing sediments. We investigate whether
recorded proportions of predator and prey taxa
in Kem Kem sediments are real, or an artifact
generated by collecting biases, by comparing
100
field data to counts of fossil vertebrates from
Moroccan fossil shops. The application of
common techniques for standardizing ecologi-
cal survey data confirms that previous workers
have been misled by the acquisition by muse-
ums of specimens from commercial collectors
rather than from detailed field surveying.
Claims that an unusual number of theropod
dinosaurs were present in North Africa Late
Cretaceous ecosystems are likely the result of
biases due to both commercial activity and
collectorship biases.
2011010332
恐龙结构：运用兽脚亚目行走动力学重建
兽脚亚目运行轨迹的结构分析 = Dinosaur
tectonics: A structural analysis of theropod
undertracks with a reconstruction of theropod
walking dynamics. (英文). Graversen O; Mi-
lan J; Loope D B. Journal of Geology, 2007,
115(6): 641-654
A dinosaur trackway in the Middle Jurassic
eolian Entrada Sandstone of southern Utah, U.
S. A., exposes three undertracks that we have
modeled as isolated tectonic regimes showing
the development of fold-thrust ramp systems
induced by the dinosaur's feet. The faulted and
folded sequence is comparable to crustal-scale
tectonics associated with plate tectonics and
foreland fold-thrust belts. A structural analysis
of the dinosaur tracks shows the timing and
direction of the forces exercised on the sub-
strate by the animal's foot during the stride.
Based on the structural analysis, we establish
a scenario for foot movements and weight
distribution in the feet. During the end of the
weight-bearing phase of the stride, the weight
of the animal was transferred to the front of
the digits, creating a rotated disk below the
foot that was bounded by an extensional fault
at the front and a thrust ramp toward the back.
As the body accelerated, the foot was forced
backward. The rotated disk was forced back-
ward along a detachment fault that was
bounded by lateral ramps. The interramp seg-
ment matches the width of the dinosaur's foot,
which created an imbricate fan thrust system
that extended to the far end of the undertrack.
The total length of the tectonic disturbance
created by the dinosaur is up to three times
that of the original footprint. Early, near-
surface cementation gave the substrate the
rheological properties necessary for develop-
ment of the observed structures.
2011010333
白垩纪恐龙和鸟类石化色素体和颜色 =
Fossilized melanosomes and the colour of
Cretaceous dinosaurs and birds. (英文). Zhang
Fucheng; Kearns S L; Orr P J; Benton M J;
Zhou Zhonghe; Johnson D; Xu Xing; Wang
Xiaolin. Nature, 2009, 463(7284): 1075-1078
Spectacular fossils from the Early Creta-
ceous Jehol Group of northeastern China have
greatly expanded our knowledge of the diver-
sity and palaeobiology of dinosaurs and early
birds, and contributed to our understanding of
the origin of birds, of flight, and of feathers.
Pennaceous (vaned) feathers and integumen-
tary filaments are preserved in birdsand non-
avian theropod dinosaurs, but little is known
of their microstructure. Here we report that
melanosomes (colour-bearing organelles) are
not only preserved in the pennaceous feathers
of early birds, but also in an identical manner
in integumentary filaments of non-avian dino-
saurs, thus refuting recent claims that the fila-
ments are partially decayed dermal collagen
fibres. Examples of both eumelanosomes and
phaeomelanosomes have been identified, and
they are often preserved in life position within
the structure of partially degraded feathers and
filaments. Furthermore, the data here provide
empirical evidence for reconstructing the col-
ours and colour patterning of these extinct
birds and theropod dinosaurs: for example, the
dark-coloured stripes on the tail of the thero-
pod dinosaur Sinosauropteryx can reasonably
be inferred to have exhibited chestnut to red-
dish-brown tones.
2011010334
从北美新的上侏罗统畸齿恐龙类推断鸟臀
类恐龙躯体大小的的下限 = Lower limits of
ornithischian dinosaur body size inferred from
a new Upper Jurassic heterodontosaurid from
North America. (英文). Butler R J;Galton P M;
Porro L B; Chiappe L M ;Henderson D M.
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biologi-
cal Sciences, 2010, 277(1680): 375-381
The extremes of dinosaur body size have
long fascinated scientists. The smallest (<1 m
length) known dinosaurs are carnivorous sau-
rischian theropods, and similarly diminutive
herbivorous or omnivorous ornithischians (the
other major group of dinosaurs) are unknown.
We report a new ornithischian dinosaur, Frui-
tadens haagarorum, from the Late Jurassic of
western North America that rivals the smallest
theropods in size. The largest specimens of
Fruitadens represent young adults in their
fifth year of development and are estimated at
just 65–75 cm in total body length and 0.5–
101
0.75 kg body mass. They are thus the smallest
known ornithischians. Fruitadens is a late-
surviving member of the basal dinosaur clade
Heterodontosauridae, and is the first member
of this clade to be described from North
America. The craniodental anatomy and di-
minutive body size of Fruitadens suggest that
this taxon was an ecological generalist with an
omnivorous diet, thus providing new insights
into morphological and palaeoecological di-
versity within Dinosauria. Late-surviving
(Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous) hetero-
dontosaurids are smaller and less ecologically
specialized than Early (Late Triassic and Early
Jurassic) heterodontosaurids, and this ecologi-
cal generalization may account in part for the
remarkable 100-million-year-long longevity of
the clade.
2011010335
具翼手龙颅骨的一个长尾翼龙中作为模块
演化的证据 = Evidence for modular evolu-
tion in a long-tailed pterosaur with a pterodac-
tyloid skull. (英文). Lü Junchang; Unwin D M;
Jin Xingsheng; Liu Yongqing; Ji Qiang. Pro-
ceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological
Sciences, 2010, 277(1680): 383-389
The fossil record is a unique source of evi-
dence for important evolutionary phenomena
such as transitions between major clades.
Frustratingly, relevant fossils are still com-
paratively rare, most transitions have yet to be
documented in detail and the mechanisms that
underpin such events, typified by rapid large
scale changes and for which microevolution-
ary processes seem insufficient, are still un-
clear. A new pterosaur (Mesozoic flying rep-
tile) from the Middle Jurassic of China, Dar-
winopterus modularis gen. et sp. nov., pro-
vides the first insights into a prominent, but
poorly understood transition between basal,
predominantly long-tailed pterosaurs and the
more derived, exclusively short-tailed ptero-
dactyloids. Darwinopterus exhibits a remark-
able ‘modular’ combination of characters: the
skull and neck are typically pterodactyloid,
exhibiting numerous derived character states,
while the remainder of the skeleton is almost
completely plesiomorphic and identical to that
of basal pterosaurs. This pattern supports the
idea that modules, tightly integrated com-
plexes of characters with discrete, semi-
independent and temporally persistent histo-
ries, were the principal focus of natural selec-
tion and played a leading role in evolutionary
transitions.
2011010336
澳大利亚和新西兰地区白垩纪非鸟类恐龙
的 重新认 识： 他们亲 冈瓦 纳的证 据 = A
reappraisal of the Cretaceous non-avian dino-
saur faunas from Australia and New Zealand:
evidence for their Gondwanan affinities. (英
文). Agnolin F L; Ezcurra M D; Pais D F;
Salisbury S W. Journal of Systematic Palae-
ontology, 2010, 8(2): 257-300
It has often been assumed that Australasian
Cretaceous dinosaur faunas were for the most
part endemic, but with some Laurasian affini-
ties. In this regard, some Australasian dino-
saurs have been considered Jurassic relicts,
while others were thought to represent typical
Laurasian forms or endemic taxa. Furthermore,
it has been proposed that some dinosaurian
lineages, namely oviraptorosaurians, dro-
maeosaurids, ornithomimosaurians and proto-
ceratopsians, may have originated in Australia
before dispersing to Asia during the Early
Cretaceous. Here we provide a detailed review
of Cretaceous non-avian dinosaurs from Aus-
tralia and New Zealand, and compare them
with taxa from other Gondwanan landmasses.
Our results challenge the traditional view of
Australian dinosaur faunas, with the majority
of taxa displaying affinities that are concor-
dant with current palaeobiogeographic models
of Gondwanan terrestrial vertebrate faunal
distribution. We reinterpret putative Austra-
lian 'hypsilophodontids' as basal ornithopods
(some of them probably related to South
American forms), and the recently described
protoceratopsians are referred to Genasauria
indet. and Ornithopoda indet. Among Thero-
poda, the Australian pigmy 'Allosaurus' is re-
ferred to the typical Gondwanan clade Abeli-
sauroidea. Similarities are also observed be-
tween the enigmatic Australian theropod Ra-
pator, Australovenator and the South Ameri-
can carcharodontosaurian Megaraptor. Timi-
mus and putative oviraptorosaurians are re-
ferred to Dromaeosauridae. The present revi-
sion demonstrates that Australia's non-avian
Cretaceous dinosaurian faunas were reminis-
cent of those found in other, roughly contem-
poraneous, Gondwanan landmasses, and are
suggestive of faunal interchange with these
regions via Antarctica.
2011010337
澳大利亚昆士兰西部阿尔比期 Toeboluc 组
新的孤立的翼手龙骨骼化石兼评澳大利亚
翼手龙动物群 = New isolated pterodactyloid
bones from the Albian Toolebuc Formation
102
(western Queensland, Australia) with com-
ments on the Australian pterosaur fauna. (英
文). Alexander W A K; Thomas H R; Fabiana
R C; Patricia V-R; B P. Keard; Lesley K. Al-
cheringa, 2010, 34(3): 219-230
New isolated pterodactyloid bones from the
Toolebuc Formation are described. The first
one consists of a complete wing metacarpal
212 mm long, representing an individual with
an estimated wing span of 4 m. Small depres-
sions on the anterior surface are present and
represent tooth marks showing that this
specimen was subjected to scavenging prior to
fossilization. The other bone consists of a
three-dimensionally preserved cervical verte-
bra lacking most of the neural arch. The
specimens are clearly referable to the derived
pterosaur clade Pterodactyloidea. Based on
several features such as the position of the
pneumatic foramen and the particular shape
and proportions of those elements, they possi-
bly are members of, or closely related to, the
Anhangueridae. The record of the Australian
pterosaurs is reviewed here and represents the
known southern distributional limit for Creta-
ceous pterosaurs, arguing against some older
ideas of a more geographically restricted
range for these flying reptiles.
2011010338
澳大利亚晚白垩世海龟类化石的首次发现
= First evidence of a Late Cretaceous sea tur-
tle from Australia. (英文). Keara B P; Siver-
son M. Alcheringa, 2010, 34(3): 265-272
The isolated scapula of a chelonioid sea
turtle is described from the Upper Cretaceous
(upper Maastrichtian) Miria Formation of the
Giralia Ranges in Western Australia. Charac-
ter states including the wide angle of diver-
gence between the scapular processes (possi-
bly reaching 140°), projection of the glenoid
on a constricted scapular neck, and highly
vascular glenoid articular surfaces suggest
affinity with dermochelyoids—the most di-
verse and geographically widespread clade of
Mesozoic chelonioids. The Miria Formation
chelonioid scapula constitutes the first defini-
tive record of a Late Cretaceous sea turtle
from Australia and is one of the few occur-
rences thus far documented from Upper Cre-
taceous-Paleogene deposits in the Southern
Hemisphere.
2011010339
中生代陆相爬行动物体温调节 = Regulation
of Body Temperature by Some Mesozoic Ma-
rine Reptiles. (英文). Bernard A; Lecuyer C;
Vincent P; Amiot R; Bardet N; Buffetaut E;
Cuny G; Fourel F; Martineau F; Mazin J M;
Prieur A. Science, 2010, 328(5984): 1379-
1382
What the body temperature and thermo-
regulation processes of extinct vertebrates
were are central questions for understanding
their ecology and evolution. The thermo-
physiologic status of the great marine reptiles
is still unknown, even though some studies
have suggested that thermoregulation may
have contributed to their exceptional evolu-
tionary success as apex predators of Mesozoic
aquatic ecosystems. We tested the thermal
status of ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, and mosa-
saurs by comparing the oxygen isotope com-
positions of their tooth phosphate to those of
coexisting fish. Data distribution reveals that
these large marine reptiles were able to main-
tain a constant and high body temperature in
oceanic environments ranging from tropical to
cold temperate. Their estimated body tempera-
tures, in the range from 35 degrees +/- 2 de-
grees C to 39 degrees +/- 2 degrees C, suggest
high metabolic rates required for predation
and fast swimming over large distances off-
shore.
2011010340
澳大利亚东部白垩纪蜥脚类动物的埋葬学
观察 = Taphonomic observations on eastern
Australian Cretaceous sauropods. ( 英 文 ).
Molnar R E. Alcheringa, 2010, 34(3): 421 -
429
Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian) sauropod
body fossils are known from the Eromanga
Basin of central Queensland and Surat Basin
of northern New South Wales/southeastern
Queensland. Most bones are uncrushed and
undistorted. Associated components of the
caudal and forelimb skeleton are dominant in
current collections and probably derived from
more complete skeletons now lost to erosion,
or yet to be exposed. Dorsal and cervical ver-
tebrae have rarely been reported and no cra-
nial material has yet been found. None of the
Australian sauropod remains shows evidence
of predation or scavenging, but at least two
specimens of Wintonotitan wattsi were inti-
mately associated with plant macrofossils al-
lowing limited inference of their postmortem
environments.
2011010341
西班牙伊比利亚半岛上马斯特里赫特阶鸭
嘴龙类和赖氏龙类共生的证据 = Evidence
of the coexistence of hadrosaurine and lam-
103
beosaurine dinosaurs in the Upper Maas-
trichtian of the Iberian Peninsula (Aren,
Huesca, Spain).. (其他). Cruzado-Caballero P;
Ruiz-Omenaca J I; Canudo J I. Ameghiniana:
Revista de la asociacion Paleontologica Ar-
gentina, 2010, 47(2): 153-164
Many cranial and postcranial remains of
hadrosaurid ornithopods from the upper Maas-
trichtian have been recovered in Aren (Huesca,
Spain) in the sites Blasi 1-5. Three of these
cranial remains, found at Blasi 1 (Aren For-
mation), and Blasi 4 and 5 (Conques Forma-
tion) are jugals and are the only jugals de-
scribed from Western Europe. The jugals from
Aren differ from those of Telmatosaurus
transsylvanicus (Nopcsa, 1900) by being these
more slender and presenting an anterior proc-
ess isosceles-triangle-like. The jugals found at
Aren are assigned provisionally to the sub-
families Hadrosaurinae (Blasi 5) and Lam-
beosaurinae (Blasi 1 and 4). The hadrosaurine
jugal presents an asymmetrical anterior proc-
ess along the maxilla-lacrimal contact and a
wide jugal neck, while the jugals of lam-
beosaurines have an anterior process very
wide dorsoventrally and symmetric, narrow
jugal neck and maxillary process perpendicu-
lar to the antero-posterior axis of the jugal.
The hadrosaurine from Aren represents the
first mention of the subfamily in Europe and,
together with the remains of lambeosaurines
found in Europe, shows an active interaction
with the migratory route existing then between
Asia and North America. Remains found in
Aren are essential in the knowledge of the
phylogenetic relationships and the biogeogra-
phy of this clade in Europe.
2011010342
霸王龙古生物学：远古范本生物的新研究
= Tyrannosaur Paleobiology: New Research
on Ancient Exemplar Organisms. (英文). Bru-
satte S L; Norell M A; Carr T D; Erickson G
M; Hutchinson J R; Balanoff A M; Bever G S;
Choiniere J N; Makovicky P J; Xu X. Sci-
ence, 2010, 329(5998): 1481-1485
Tyrannosaurs, the group of dinosaurian car-
nivores that includes Tyrannosaurus rex and
its closest relatives, are icons of prehistory.
They are also the most intensively studied
extinct dinosaurs, and thanks to large sample
sizes and an influx of new discoveries, have
become ancient exemplar organisms used to
study many themes in vertebrate paleontology.
A phylogeny that includes recently described
species shows that tyrannosaurs originated by
the Middle Jurassic but remained mostly small
and ecologically marginal until the latest Cre-
taceous. Anatomical, biomechanical, and his-
tological studies of T. rex and other derived
tyrannosaurs show that large tyrannosaurs
could not run rapidly, were capable of crush-
ing bite forces, had accelerated growth rates
and keen senses, and underwent pronounced
changes during ontogeny. The biology and
evolutionary history of tyrannosaurs provide a
foundation for comparison with other dino-
saurs and living organisms.
2011010343
阿根廷里奥内格罗省上白垩统恐龙蜥脚亚
目 Titanosaurs 属 的 齿 系 ： 形 态 、 植 入
（implantation）和替换 = Dentition of Ti-
tanosaurs (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the
Upper Cretaceous of Rio Negro Province, Ar-
gentina: morphology, implantation and re-
placement.. (其他). Garcia R A; Cerda I A.
Ameghiniana: Revista de la asociacion Pale-
ontologica Argentina, 2010, 47(1): 45-60
A fragment of dentary of a titanosaur
sauropod from the Anacleto Formation (Upper
Cretaceous of the Rio Negro Province) is de-
scribed. Inside the alveoli, functional and re-
placement teeth in successive "premature"
stages are observed. At least in the preserved
portion, an alternate teeth replacement pattern
is observed. The histological analysis of this
specimen allowed identifying the attachment
dental tissues (alveolar bone, cementum and
periodontal ligament). Numerous isolated
teeth from the same unit and from the overly-
ing Allen Formation are described. Based on
these, a classification of the wear facets is
proposed: 1) Teeth with only one facet: on the
labial side, on the lingual side, or on the lateral
side. 2) Teeth with two facets: the bigger on
the labial side and the smaller on the lingual
side; the bigger on the lingual side and the
smaller on the labial side; the bigger on the
lingual side and the smaller on the mesial or
distal edge. 3) Teeth with three facets: one on
the lingual side, the others on the mesial and
distal edges; one on the lingual side, the others
on the labial and mesial or distal edges; one on
the labial side, the others on the mesial and
distal edges. 4) Teeth with four facets: the
smaller on the labial side, the bigger on the
lingual side, and two lateral facets, one on the
mesial and the other on the distal edges. Fi-
nally, we propose a hypothesis about the ori-
gin of the wear facets.
2011010344
104
“Tustea 迷惑”：罗马尼亚 Hateg 盆地马斯
特里赫特阶鸭嘴龙雏崽与 Megaloolithidae
蛋关联性 = The "Tustea Puzzle": hadrosaurid
(Dinosauria, Ornithopoda) hatchlings associ-
ated with Megaloolithidae eggs in the Maas-
trichtian of the Hateg Basin (Romania). (英文).
Grigorescu D. Ameghiniana: Revista de la
asociacion Paleontologica Argentina, 2010,
47(1): 89-97
Since 1991 when the coinciding occurrence
of megaloolithid eggs and hatchlings of the
hadrosaurid Telmatosaurus transsylvanicus
was suggested by few limb bone remains
found close to the first discovered eggs in the
Hateg Basin, tens of eggs grouped in clutches
together with neonate bones were unearthed
within the place that become "Tustea nesting
site". In the meantime the original vertical
escarpment near the village of Tustea was lev-
eled and converted into a horizontal platform.
By their external characters and eggshell mi-
crostructure all the eggs belong to the Mega-
loolithus oogenus, closer to M. siruguei; simi-
larly, all the baby remains whose state of pres-
ervation allows their taxonomic assignment
belong to Telmatosaurus transsylvanicus, one
of the common dinosaur species from the rich
Maastrichtian faunal assemblage of the Hateg
Basin (Romania), and the basalmost hadro-
saurid. Most of the baby remains consist of
isolated bones and teeth, but partial skeletons
with articulated elements were also found. The
preliminary ontogenetic study reveals a rapid
growth of the hatchlings, a fact also supported
by the discovery of most of the skeletal re-
mains outside the egg clutches, but in their
close vicinity. In few cases bones were found
within the egg clutches and even inside the
egg. It is worth to mention that no sauropod
remains were found within the nesting horizon
from Tustea.
2011010345
阿根廷内乌肯省晚白垩世 Auca Mahuevo
和 Los Barreales 蜥脚龙类硒息地的古环境
= Paleoenvironment of the Auca Mahuevo and
Los Barreales sauropod nesting-sites (Late
Cretaceous, Neuquen Province, Argentina).
(英文). Garrido A C. Ameghiniana: Revista de
la asociacion Paleontologica Argentina, 2010,
47(1): 99-106
Outcrops of Anacleto Formation at Auca
Mahuevo nesting site (Neuquen Province, Ar-
gentina) can be divided into two main sections.
The lower section (51 m), exhibits a succes-
sion of point bar, levee, crevasse channel and
crevasse splay deposits, typifing a fine-
grained, mixed load, meandering fluvial sys-
tem. Twenty five km toward south (Los Bar-
reales locality) these deposits become progres-
sively to distal floodplain facies. Egg-layers
are exposed along this 25 km, however a
higher concentration of egg-clutches occur
into paleosols and abandoned channel deposits
developed at ancient levee and meander belt
areas. Lithofacial evidences allow attributing
for this lower section semiarid climatic condi-
tion, with marked alternations of wet and dry
seasons. Exceptional muddy sheet-floods
burying the eggs and nests with a thick bed of
mud, facilitating their preservation. The upper
section (17 m), is composed by finer sedi-
ments of sloughs and lacustrine deposits de-
veloped over a poorly drained floodplain, un-
der conditions of major aridity. South toward
Los Barreales, evaporitic deposits was formed
in saline-lakes. The tectonic and volcanic
processes that affected the basin from the
middle to upper Campanian were responsible
for the variations in the environmental condi-
tions during the latest phase of the Anacleto
Formation deposition. Possibly, these changes
provoked the abandonment of this area as
nesting-ground.
2011010346
Albertosaurus sarcophagus 标准系列的系
统分类评估和产自晚白垩世坎佩期-马斯特
里 赫 特 期 Horseshoe Canyon 组
Albertosaurus Albertosaurus 骨 层 的
Tyrannosauridae 的一致性 = A taxonomic
assessment of the type series of Albertosaurus
sarcophagus and the identity of Tyrannosauri-
dae (Dinosauria, Coelurosauria) in the Alber-
tosaurus bonebed from the Horseshoe Canyon
Formation (Campanian–Maastrichtian, Late
Cretaceous). ( 英 文 ). Carr T D. Canadian
Journal of Earth Sciences, 2010, 47(9): 1213–
1226
The type series of Albertosaurus sarcopha-
gus, consisting of a type (CMN 5600) and a
paratype (CMN 5601) is inadequately estab-
lished, since it has not been demonstrated that
the specimens represent the same taxon. This
problem has arisen because the original diag-
nostic characters have a wider distribution
among Tyrannosauridae or they are in error,
and both specimens consist of incomplete and
damaged skulls. The type series was studied to
test for the presence of diagnostic characters
in the type specimen and, if so, to provide a
rationale for referring the paratype to the
taxon. Of the bones shared between the skulls,
105
only five could be compared. One character,
the enlarged posterior pneumatic recess of the
palatine, is shared between the two specimens;
this condition differs from the situation seen in
other tyrannosaurids. This character provided
the rationale for assessing the identity of the
specimens collected from the Albertosaurus
bonebed, from which one palatine was col-
lected that exhibits the diagnostic recess. Iso-
lated cranial bones from the bonebed were
compared with those preserved in the type
series to evaluate their referral to A. sar-
cophagus; additional characters shared be-
tween the type series and the specimens from
the bonebed were identified in the maxilla,
lacrimal, and palatine. This evidence supports
the hypothesis that A. sarcophagus is the tyr-
annosaurid preserved in the bonebed. A hy-
pothesis of the principal growth changes in the
skull in A. sarcophagus, which includes the
type series and bonebed material, is proposed.
2011010347
在 兽 脚 类 霸 王 龙 科 Albertosaurus sar-
cophagus 的单一种群中定量确定齿的变化
和鉴定霸王龙孤立的牙齿的意义 = Quanti-
fying tooth variation within a single popula-
tion of Albertosaurus sarcophagus (Theropoda:
Tyrannosauridae) and implications for identi-
fying isolated teeth of tyrannosaurids. (英文).
Buckley L G; Larson D W; Reichel M; Sam-
man T. Canadian Journal of Earth Sci-
ences, 2010, 47(9): 1227–1251
Documenting variation in theropod dino-
saurs is usually hindered by the lack of a large
sample size and specimens representing sev-
eral ontogenetic stages. Here, variation within
140 disassociated and seven in situ tyranno-
saur teeth from the Upper Cretaceous (lower
Maastrichtian) monodominant Albertosaurus
sarcophagus (Theropoda: Tyrannosauridae)
bonebed is documented. This sample repre-
sents the largest data set of teeth from one
population of A. sarcophagus containing both
adult and juvenile specimens. Tooth variation
was assessed using multivariate analyses
(principal component, discriminant, and ca-
nonical variate analyses). Heterodonty in the
teeth of A. sarcophagus contributes to the
large amount of variation in the data set. Pre-
maxillary teeth are significantly different from
maxillary and dentary teeth, but there is no
quantifiable difference between a priori identi-
fied maxillary and dentary teeth. Juvenile and
adult teeth of A. sarcophagus show apparent
quantitative differences that are size depend-
ent on closer investigation, suggesting a cau-
tious approach when interpreting multivariate
analyses to identify novel tooth morphologies.
Multivariate analyses on teeth of A. sarcopha-
gus and published tooth data from other North
American tyrannosaurid species reveals spe-
cies-level clusters with little separation. The
degree of separation among tooth clusters may
reveal a phylogenetic signal in tyrannosaurid
teeth.
2011010348
Albertosaurus sarcophagus 和 Tyranno-
saurus rex: 的异齿类型：通过 3-D 模式推
断生物机械学意义 = The heterodonty of Al-
bertosaurus sarcophagus and Tyrannosaurus
rex: biomechanical implications inferred
through 3-D models. (英文). Reichel M. Ca-
nadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2010, 47(9):
1253–1261
The objective of this study is to analyze
how different crown morphologies and differ-
ent root lengths respond to stresses generated
by the bite forces of Albertosaurus sarcopha-
gus and Tyrannosaurus rex. Six well-
preserved teeth of A. sarcophagus from the
Albertosaurus bonebed in Dry Island Park
(southern Alberta) were selected to study their
biomechanics, and T. rex teeth were included
for comparison. The three-dimensional (3-D)
models were obtained through computerized
tomography (CT) scanning and 3-D digitizing.
Finite element analyses were performed in
Strand7®. Bite forces for Albertosaurus and
Tyrannosaurus were calculated based on cra-
nial and jaw proportions. The results were
viewed with the Tresca yield criterion. The
ratios of shear stresses observed along the me-
sio-distal versus labio-lingual axes of all mod-
els allows the identification of similar stress
distribution patterns in the upper and lower
jaws of Albertosaurus and the upper jaws of
Tyrannosaurus, with a higher amount of shear
along the mesio-distal axis occurring in the
mid-maxillary teeth. The dentary teeth of
Tyrannosaurus, however, show a different
stress distribution pattern, with a higher
amount of shear occurring along the labio-
lingual axis of the mid-dentary teeth. These
differences in jaw mechanics suggest that the
function of teeth in the lower jaw of Tyranno-
saurus shifted a few positions to compensate
different proportions in the dentary that cause
the anterior dentary teeth to be aligned with
the largest maxillary teeth in Tyrannosaurus.
These results suggest that heterodonty in these
groups is different and that tooth form and
function are sensitive to jaw proportions.
106
 Some 353 isolated skulls and partial to
2011010349 complete skeletons with known locations have
根据干旱岛集群死亡组合对 Albertosaurus been collected in ~100 years from the 80 km2
sarcophagus 做出一个修订的生命表和残存 of badlands in Dinosaur Provincial Park
曲线 = A revised life table and survivorship (DPP), Alberta, Canada. We wanted to esti-
curve for Albertosaurus sarcophagus based on mate how many skeletons were lost to erosion
before collection began and how many await
the Dry Island mass death assemblage. (英文).
discovery. Within the boundaries of DPP, a
Erickson G M;Currie P J;Inouye B D;Winn A
volume of rock 145 m thick between the sur-
A. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2010,
face of the down-cutting Red Deer River and
47(9): 1269–1275
the capping prairie was subdivided into 5 m
Abstract: In 1910 a crew from the Ameri-
thick slabs using digital elevation data with an
can Museum of Natural History discovered a
average horizontal spatial resolution of 19 m
bone bed composed primarily of the large tyr-
and a vertical resolution of 1 m. The exposed
annosaurid Albertosaurus sarcophagus in
surface area of each slab was calculated. Di-
what is now Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provin-
nosaur fossil localities were determined with
cial Park in Alberta, Canada. Study of the re-
high-precision GPS surveys. The number of
mains from the site allowed the first life table
dinosaurs collected from the surface of a 5 m
and survivorship curve for a non-avian dino-
slab was divided by the product of the ex-
saur to be created. These have served as a
posed area and an estimated erosional thick-
model for subsequent studies of dinosaurian
ness of 80 cm to give a volume density of di-
population biology. Since 2006, the discovery
nosaur fossils. Multiplying the volumes of
and preparation of hundreds of new elements
rock lost from each layer by the dinosaur den-
from the bone bed stand to substantially in-
sities for each layer, the numbers of skeletons
crease the minimum number of individuals
lost was determined. Estimates of the numbers
(MNI) represented. This would allow testing
of raisins in two loaves of raisin bread were
of previous conclusions regarding the popula-
made using a limited number of slices as a test
tion biology of these animals and refinement
of the method. Of the original volume of DPP,
of our understanding of the patterns of survi-
6.58 km3 (60%) has eroded away, taking with
vorship. Here, four formerly unrecognized
it a mean number of 6310 hadrosaurs, 1640
individuals from the Dry Island assemblage
ceratopsians, 1030 ankylosaurs, and 1600
are revealed and a revised life table presented.
theropods. The 5.02 km3 (40%) of rock re-
As in the previous analysis, a left skewed age
maining in the park can be expected to pro-
distribution and sigmoidal survivorship pat-
duce more dinosaur fossils of similar quality,
tern were found. Annual mortality rates aver-
with mean values of 6700 hadrosaurs, 1700
aged 3.47% between ages two and 13 and then
ceratopsians, 1010 ankylosaurs, and 1720
increased to a mean of 19.5% prior to extinc-
theropods. These estimates are minima as the
tion of the cohort after 28 years of age. Mean
estimation process excluded bone beds, the
life expectancy for individuals surviving to
plethora of isolated bones littering the land
two years of age was 15.19 years. Mid-life
surface of DPP, and the 100+ skulls and skele-
increase in attrition corresponds to entrance
tons from the region that lack locality infor-
into the breeding population. The MNI is
mation.
unlikely to substantially increase, and new
individuals are unlikely to affect the pattern of
2011010351
survivorship inferred here. Nevertheless, fu-
中生代龟鳖类副基蝶骨的复合体和龟甲基
ture excavations stand to reveal more about
the anatomical and pathological variance 颅骨的演化 = The parabasisphenoid complex
within the Dry Island Albertosaurus popula- in Mesozoic turtles and the evolution of the
tion. testudinate basicranium. ( 英 文 ). Sterli J;
Müller J; Anquetin J;Hilger A. Canadian
2011010350 Journal of Earth Sciences, 2010, 47(10):
测定加拿大艾伯塔恐龙省公园过去和将来 1337–1346
恐龙骨骼的丰度 = Estimating past and future During the early development of turtles and
dinosaur skeletal abundances in Dinosaur Pro- other amniotes, the parabasisphenoid, or ba-
sisphenoid s.l., is formed by at least two cen-
vincial Park, Alberta, Canada. (英文). Hen-
ters of ossification: the endochondral ba-
derson D M;Tanke D H. Canadian Journal of
sisphenoid s.s. and the dermal parasphenoid.
Earth Sciences, 2010, 47(10): 1291–1304
This fusion is usually so dramatic that the two

107
elements cannot be distinguished from each
other in the adult stage. Here, we describe the
basicranium of two species of Mesozoic tur-
tles from Europe, Plesiochelys etalloni and
Pleurosternon bullockii, partly using micro-
CT (computer tomography) scans, and show
that in both taxa para- and basisphenoid re-
main distinguishable throughout life. We also
identify the extent that each of the two ele-
ments has contributed to the formation of the
braincase floor. Because the structure of the
parabasisphenoid determines the course of the
internal carotid artery into the skull, our find-
ings allow us to discuss the early evolution of
the carotid pattern and the turtle basicranium
in new detail. By surveying the main patterns
of carotid circulation in extinct and extant tur-
tles, we bring new evidence to the idea that it
was largely the ossification of the parasphe-
noid that, along with the closure of the in-
terpterygoid vacuity and the posterior exten-
sion of the pterygoids, shaped the internal ca-
rotid patterns as seen in modern turtles.
2011010352
Lauésn 氏的翼手龙作品：在塑造艺术中翼
龙 的 早 期 应 用 = Lasuén's pterodactyl: An
early use of a pterosaur in plastic arts. (英文).
Knoll F; López-Antoñanzas R. Comptes Ren-
dus Palevol, 2010, 9(5): 245-254
Among the sculptures adorning the former
building of the Faculties of Medicine and Sci-
ences (1893) in Saragossa (Spain) is one that
represents a pterosaur. It is a work by D.
Lasuén based on one of the first, but little
known, restorations of these animals, drawn
and engraved by T. Susemihl more than half a
century before. Although it seems out of place,
this sculpture was simply seen as a symbol of
zoology. We suggest that it may have several
significations. Besides embodying the animal
kingdom, it may have been a surrogate of the
dragon and thus a reference to the House of
Aragon through its dragon-slaying holy patron,
Saint George.
2011010353
泰国早白垩世 Sao Khua 组一蜥脚类 Phu-
wiangosaurus sirindhornae 地模标本的描
述及其系统发育意义 = Description of topo-
types of Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae, a
sauropod from the Sao Khua Formation (Early
Cretaceous) of Thailand, and their phyuloge-
netic implications. ( 英 文 ). Suteethorn S;
Loeuff J L; Buffetaut E; Suteethorn V. Neues
Jahrbuch fur Geologie u. Palaontologie / Ab-
handlungen, 2010, 256(1): 109-121
The holotype of Phuwiangosaurus sirind-
hornae complete sauropod skeleton, was ex-
cavated in the early 1980s by a Thai-
Frenchexpedition. On the basis of the size and
shape of the vertebrae and the absence of
identical bones from the type locality, we con-
clude that these vertebrae belong to the same
individual as lthe holotype of P. sirindhornae
and consider lthem as topotypes. A phyloge-
netic analysis, which for the first time includes
recently described cranial and postcranian
material, indicates that Phuwiangosaurus is a
basal member of Titanosauriformes.
2011010354
东 欧 晚 二 叠 世 二 齿 兽 = Late Permian di-
cynodonts of Eastern Europe. (英文). Kurkin
A A. Paleontological Journal, 2010, 44(6):
672-681 2 图版.
The data on morphology and systematics of
Late Permian dicynodonts of Eastern Europe
are considered. The taxonomic position of
dicynodonts and probable evolutionary trends
in their development are discussed.
2011010355
东欧二叠纪滑翔的 weigeltisaurid 爬行动物
形态学新数据 = New data on the morphology
of permian gliding weigeltisaurid reptiles of
Eastern Europe. (英文). Bulanov V V; Sen-
nikov A G. Paleontological Journal, 2010,
44(6): 682-694 6 图版.
New specimens of the Permian gliding rep-
tile Rautiania from the Kul’chumovo-A local-
ity (Russia, Orenburg Region) are described.
The morphology of Rautiania strongly sug-
gests adaptation for an obligatory arboreal
mode of life and gliding flight (which are sup-
ported by the consolidated sacrum; free
movements of the autopodial elements; spe-
cific manus morphology, typical of living ar-
boreal vertebrates; strongly pneumatic struc-
ture of cranial bones and rodlike bones form-
ing the frame of the gliding skin membrane;
etc.). The homology of bones of the posterior
wall of the temporal fenestra of weigelti-
saurids is revised; according to the new con-
cept, it consists of two dermal elements, the
squamosal and quadratojugal. The outgrowths
on the cranial bones of weigeltisaurids are of
osteodermal nature. The diagnostic characters
in the dental system of the genus Rautiania
are considered, and the structure of the quad-
rate-articular complex of weigeltisaurids is
108
described in detail for the first time. The
original name of the family, Weigeltisauridae
Kuhn, 1939, is restored. The appearance in the
Late Permian of specialized gliding reptiles,
such as the Weigeltisauridae, is accounted for
by climactic conditions of terrestrial vertebrate
communities in the pre-Triassic time, which
resulted in the penetration of tetrapods into
new adaptive zones, in particular, forest bio-
topes. The global distribution of weigelti-
saurids is evidence of the widespread of high
thin forests, the ecotopes most favorable for
the appearance and subsequent dispersal of
gliding animals, in the Late Permian and later
on.
2011010356
伏尔加河地区森诺曼阶的（似）翼手龙新
发现 = A new pterosaurian record from the
Cenomanian of the Volga Region. ( 英 文 ).
Averianov A O; Kurochkin E N. Paleon-
tological Journal, 2010, 44(6): 695-697 2 图
版.
Abstract-A rostral fragment of the dentary
symphysis from the Cenomanian Melovatka-3
locality (Volgograd Region) is referred to the
genus Lonchodectes based on the presence of
elevated jaw borders, longitudinal groove on
the dorsal surface of the dentary symphysis,
and small alveoli of teeth, almost uniform in
size and widely spaced. Lonchodectes sp.
from Melovatka-3 is closely similar to L.
platystomus from the Albian of England. This
is the first record of the family Lonchodecti-
dae in Russia and outside Great Britain.
2011010357
克里米亚始新世海蛇的脊椎 = Vertebrae of
sea snakes from the Eocene of the Crimea. (英
文 ). Snetkov P B; Bannikov A F. Paleon-
tological Journal, 2010, 44(6): 698-700 1 图
版.
A sea snake vertebra from the Middle Eo-
cene (Kuma Horizon) of the vicinity of the
town of Bakhchisarai (Crimea) is referred to
Palaeophis nessovi Averianov, 1997, which
was previously recorded in the Middle and
Upper Eocene of northern and western Ka-
zakhstan. P. udovichenkoi Averianov, 1997
described from the Crimea based on the mate-
rial from the Prolom locality (Bartonian-
Priabonian?) is a junior subjective synonym of
P. nessovi. A vertebra from the Belaya Skala
locality (Middle Eocene, outskirts of the town
of Belogorsk) is determined as Palaeophis sp.
2011010358
中国南部广东省茂名地区晚始新世茂名无
盾 龟 : 新 资 料 和 重 新 描 述 = Anosteira
maomingensis (Testudines: Carettochelyidae)
from the Late Eocene of Maoming, Guang-
dong, southern China: new material and re-
description. ( 英 文 ). Tong H; Zhang Jiang-
Yong; Li Jian-Jun. Neues Jahrbuch fur Ge-
ologie u. Palaontologie / Abhandlungen, 2010,
256(3): 279-290
The present study is based on new speci-
mens collected by the IVPP in Maoming dur-
ing 2005-2006 and unpublished specimens
housed in the Beijing Museum of Natural His-
tory, which include more than twenty shells
and a lower Jaw. A. maomingensis is charac-
terized by its large size, absence of all mar-
ginal scutes and reduced pleural scutes, which
do not cover the laterial part of the costal
plates. The lower jaw has a wide, posteriorly
expanded and concave triturating surface, a
strong and tall coronoid process lying on the
middle of the jaw ramus and deeply excavated
lateral surface under the coronoid process.
2011010359
贵州普安中三叠统混鱼龙(鱼龙类:爬行动物)
一 新 种 = A New Species Of Mixosau-
rus(Reptilia:Ichthyosauria)From The Middle
Triassic Of Pu'an,Guizhou,Chian. (中文). 陈
孝红;程龙. 古生物学报 , 2010, 49(2): 251-
260
贵州普安青山至新店一带发育有与盘县
新民羊件地区相似的中三叠统关岭组地层
和海生爬行动物组合。基于贵州普安新店
关岭组上部一件完整保存的混鱼龙骨架标
本的修理和系统研究,识别并描述了一个混
鱼 龙 的 新 种 —— 新 店 混 鱼 龙 (Mixosaurus
xindianensis sp. nov.)。结合三叠纪已知鱼龙
类化石属种性状的支序分析,比较和讨论了
新种与其它已知混鱼龙属种的异同,指出新
种兼具以往在欧洲圣乔治山和北美内华达
地区中三叠世地层中发现的 M.cornalianus
和 M.callawayi 的特征。
2011010360
澳大利亚东部上新世鳄类股骨的古病理学
= Palaeopathology of a crocodile femur from
the Pliocene of eastern Australia. ( 英 文 ).
Mackness B S; Cooper J E; Wilkinson C;
Wilkinson D. Alcheringa, 2010, 34(4): 515 -
521
A large fossilized crocodilian left femur
recovered from the Pliocene Chinchilla Local
Fauna of southeastern Queensland, Australia,
109
exhibits a region of proliferative bone, consis-
tent with an episode of osteitis. The nature and
location of the pathology suggest a simple
fracture with puncture wounds, possibly the
result of a crushing bite of another crocodile,
followed by infection. The size and morphol-
ogy of the femur most closely resembles the
now extinct Plio-Pleistocene crocodile Pal-
limnarchus.
2011010361
非 洲 莱 索 托 （ Lesotho ） 埃 利 奥 特 组
（Elliot Formation）上部的原始蜥脚类 =
A primitive sauropodomorph from the upper
Elliot Formation of Lesotho. (英文). Knoll F.
Geological Magazine, 2010, 147(6): 814-829
A well-preserved, articulated dinosaur
skeleton from southern Africa is described.
The specimen comes from the upper Elliot
Formation (?Hettangian) of Ha Ralekoala (Le-
sotho) and represents a new species: Igna-
vusaurus rachelis genus et species nova.
Acladistic analysis suggests that Ignavusaurus
is more derived than Thecodontosaurus-
Pantydraco, but more primitive than Efraasia.
Ignavusaurus indeed shares a number of un-
ambiguous synapomorphies with the taxa
more derived than Thecodontosaurus-
Pantydraco, such as a fully open acetabulum,
but it is more plesiomorphic than Efraasia and
more derived sauropodomorphs as shown by
the evidence of, for instance, the distal ex-
tremity of its tibia that is is longer (cranio-
caudally) than wide (latero-medially). The
discovery of Ignavusaurus increases the
known diversity of the early sauropodomorph
fauna of the upper Elliot Formation, which
stands as one of the richest horizons in the
world in this respect.
2011010362
作为整体的个体发生学：一些发展趋势 =
Ontogeny as a whole: Some developmental
trends. (英文). Tatarinov L P. Paleontological
Journal, 2011, 45(1): 3-6
In many animal groups, rudimentary organs
of adult organisms appear at early stages of
egg cleavage, when there is no trace of
morphological differentiation. More than half
a century ago, I. I. Schmalhausen developed a
profound concept of integrity of the organism
in the course of development. He emphasized
that mutual adaptation of organs is based on
correlations, involving the so-called
nonhereditary modifications, which are
transformed into hereditary traits by means of
natural selection. There are many exceptions
to the biogenetic law, as it was understood by
de Beer. In particular, embryo of the pouched
tree frog Gastrotheca shows a retarded
development and is spread over the yolk
surface. As a result, it becomes similar
somewhat to embryos of amniotes. After the
metamorphosis, Xenopus returns to
ammonotelism. The integrity of ontogeny at
the molecular level has much in common with
the neutrality theory.
2011010363
欧洲三叠纪 tanystropheids 新发现（爬行
类 ： 主 龙 形 下 纲 ） = New tanystropheids
(Reptilia: Archosauromorpha) from the Trias-
sic of Europe. (英文). Sennikov A G. Paleon-
tological Journal, 2011, 45(1): 90-104 8 图版.
A new prolacertilian species and genus,
Augustaburiania vatagini gen. et sp. nov.
(Reptilia: Archosauromorpha), from the
Lower Triassic of the Don River Basin is
described. It is the first representative of the
Tanystropheidae in the Eastern Europe and the
world oldest member of this family. Another
new genus (Protanystropheus gen. nov.) from
Central and Western Europe is also
established. The diversity, systematics,
phylogeny, evolution, and stratigraphic and
geographical distribution of prolacertilians are
discussed. The ecological role of
prolacertilians in Early Triassic communities
and adaptation to marine environments are
analyzed.
2011010364
西澳大利亚 Devils Lair 地区晚更新世有鳞
类 石 龙 子 动 物 = Late Pleistocene Egernia
group skinks (Squamata: Scincidae) from
Devils Lair, Western Australia. (英文). Hol-
lenshead M G; Mead J I; Swift S L. Alcher-
inga, 2011, 35(1): 31 - 51
Research on squamate evolution of Austra-
lia has predominantly focused on the eastern
portion of the continent, whereas little is
known about the record from Western Austra-
lia. Deposits in Devils Lair provide a glimpse
of late Pleistocene Egernia group skink repre-
sentation from the Cape Leeuwin-Naturaliste
region of southwestern Western Australia.
Previous studies of fossils from the cave indi-
cate a peak in the number of lizard remains
during the last glacial maximum, a time when
mammal and charcoal remains suggest an
open, dry environment. Previous studies of
Devils Lair have not attempted to identify liz-
ard remains beyond 'lizard'. Here, we identify
110
Egernia group lizard remains as Liopholis spp., assigned to this genus. In Spain, the only ref-
Egernia spp., Lissolepis spp. and Tiliqua erence to this genus is ?Elochelys sp. from the
rugosa, which range in age from ca 48 000 to upper Campanian fossil site of Lano, in
13 000 yr B.P. Trevino County, Burgos. Abundant specimens
of pleurodiran turtles have been recognized at
2011010365 the new Upper Cretaceous fossil locality of Lo
江苏下白垩统孟疃组的恐龙足迹群及蜥脚 Hueco (Fuentes, Cuenca, Spain). Herein, we
类 足 迹 形 态 的 多 样 性 = Dinosaur Tracks refer to Elochelys convenarum a carapace
From The Lower Cretaceous Mengtuan For- from this site. This carapace is the most com-
mation In Jiangsu,China And Morphological plete specimen referred to Elochelys and con-
Diversity Of Local Sauropod Tracks. (英文). stitutes the first robust evidence of the pres-
ence of this genus in the Iberian Peninsula,
邢立达;杰瑞德 D 哈里斯;贾程凯. 古生物学
expanding the chronostratigraphic distribution
报, 2010, 49(4): 448-460 of the species to the late Campanian-early
中国江苏省东海县南古寨孟疃组发现了 Maastrichtian.
数种恐龙足迹,包括兽脚类足迹和蜥脚类足
迹。这些足迹出现在同一层位的四个相邻 2011010367
的足迹化石点。这些足迹化石点至少保存 美国北卡罗来纳州上三叠统北方阔齿兽
了三种不同形态的兽脚类足迹和未成年— （犬齿兽类：横齿兽科）的齿系和牙齿替
成年的蜥脚类足迹。南古寨三号足迹化石 换 = Dentition And Tooth Replacement Of
点的兽脚类足迹和蜥脚类足迹出现了"回填 Boreogomphodon （ Cynodontia ：
"现象,这是在足迹所附带的沉积物与基底地 Traversodontidae） From The Upper Triassic
面相互作用下,产生的流体和塑性行为下形 Of North Carolina,USA. (英文). 刘俊; Sues H
成的。 D. 古脊椎动物学报, 2010, 48(3): 169-184
描述了产自美国北卡罗来纳州上三叠统
2011010366 横齿兽类北方阔齿兽新材料的牙齿。基于
伊比利亚半岛上白垩统 Elochelys convena- 牙齿的特征,尤其是犬后齿的形态,这些标本
run 的地理及时空范围的扩张 = Expansion 被 暂 归 入 杰 斐 逊 北 方 阔 齿 兽
of the geographical and temporal range of Boreogomphodon jeffersoni;不过它们的下阔
Elochelys convenarun (Chelonii Bothremydi- 齿型犬后齿前横脊一般有两个而不是 3 个
dae) from De Upper Cretaceous of the Iberian
齿尖。根据牙齿大小、直接替换情况,推测
Peninsula. ( 其 他 ). Garcia A P; Ortega F;
阔齿型齿从后部萌发,从前部脱落。这个类
Murelaga X. Ameghiniana: Revista de la aso-
ciacion Paleontologica Argentina, 2010, 47(3): 群仅有一代阔齿型犬后齿;至少有一代,可能
307-315 是两代裂齿型犬后齿。
The Campanian and Maastrichtian chelo-
nian fauna of Western Europe was mainly 2011010368
composed of endemic taxa. The Bothremydi- 四川会理早侏罗世一新的蜥脚类恐龙 = A
dae-represented by the genera Rosasia, Foxe- New Sauropod From The Lower Jurassic Of
mys, Polysternon and Elochelys-are very Huili,Sichuan,China. (中文). 李奎;杨春燕;刘
abundant in this record. Elochelys is known 建;王正新. 古脊椎动物学报 , 2010, 48(3):
through relatively scarce material consisting 185-202
only of isolated plates and carapaces, which 记述了四川会理下侏罗统益门组的蜥脚
are presently assigned to two species, i.e.,
类化石。经研究,将化石归于马门溪龙科,建
Elochelys perfecta and Elochelys convenarum.
In France, two specimens from the Campanian 立新属新种何氏通安龙 Tonganosaurus hei
of Fuveau, Provence, have been assigned to gen.et sp.nov.。通安龙具有进步蜥脚类的特
the species Elochelys perfecta; one carapace is 点:颈椎细长、荐前椎发育侧凹、前肢较长,
now taken to be the holotype of the species, 为后肢的 0.80 等;同时,通安龙也具有原始蜥
while the anterior half of another carapace was 脚类的特点:脊椎骨组织坚实不中空、肱骨
described as the paratype. The holotype of 和股骨骨干粗而圆。从国内外已有的资料
Elochelys convenarum consists of a carapace 看,原始蜥脚类主要发现于侏罗纪早期,而进
from the upper Maastrichtian at Cassagnau-2
步蜥脚类则主要发现于侏罗纪中晚期。由
(Haute-Garonne), and specimens from the
upper Campanian-lower Maastrichtian at Fox 于通安龙兼具原始蜥脚类和进步蜥脚类的
Amphoux, Provence, have been tentatively 特点,且时代为早侏罗世,因此,通安龙化石材

111
料的发现对中国西南地区早期蜥脚类的系
统演化研究具有重要的意义。
2011010369
伊比利亚半岛上白垩统 Elochelys convena-
run 地理和时空范围的扩张 = Expansion of
the geographical and temporal range of
Elochelys convenarun (Chelonii Bothremydi-
dae) from de Upper Cretaceous of the Iberian
Peninsula. ( 其 他 ). Garcia A P; Ortega F;
Murelaga X. Ameghiniana: Revista de la aso-
ciacion Paleontologica Argentina, 2010, 47(3):
307-315
The Campanian and Maastrichtian chelo-
nian fauna of Western Europe was mainly
composed of endemic taxa. The Bothremydi-
dae-represented by the genera Rosasia, Foxe-
mys, Polysternon and Elochelys-are very
abundant in this record. Elochelys is known
through relatively scarce material consisting
only of isolated plates and carapaces, which
are presently assigned to two species, i.e.,
Elochelys perfecta and Elochelys convenarum.
In France, two specimens from the Campanian
of Fuveau, Provence, have been assigned to
the species Elochelys perfecta; one carapace is
now taken to be the holotype of the species,
while the anterior half of another carapace was
described as the paratype. The holotype of
Elochelys convenarum consists of a carapace
from the upper Maastrichtian at Cassagnau-2
(Haute-Garonne), and specimens from the
upper Campanian-lower Maastrichtian at Fox
Amphoux, Provence, have been tentatively
assigned to this genus. In Spain, the only ref-
erence to this genus is ?Elochelys sp. from the
upper Campanian fossil site of Lano, in
Trevino County, Burgos. Abundant specimens
of pleurodiran turtles have been recognized at
the new Upper Cretaceous fossil locality of Lo
Hueco (Fuentes, Cuenca, Spain). Herein, we
refer to Elochelys convenarum a carapace
from this site. This carapace is the most com-
plete specimen referred to Elochelys and con-
stitutes the first robust evidence of the pres-
ence of this genus in the Iberian Peninsula,
expanding the chronostratigraphic distribution
of the species to the late Campanian-early
Maastrichtian.
2011010370
阿根廷内乌肯省上白垩统 peirosaurid 类动
物身上的捕食咬痕 = Predation bite-marks on
a peirosaurid crocodyliform from the Upper
Cretaceous of Neuquen Province, Argentina.
(英文). Fiorelli L E. Ameghiniana: Revista de
la asociacion Paleontologica Argentina, 2010,
47(3): 387-400
Bite marks and injuries caused by intras-
pecific predation or aggressive social behavior
are uncommon in fossil vertebrates, and in the
fossil record of suchian archosaurs they are
extremely unusual. A peirosaurid crocodyli-
form collected from the Upper Cretaceous
beds of the Neuquen Group (northern Patago-
nia, Argentina) shows abundant bite marks
and injuries. These injuries are spread across
all the preserved parts of the specimen, with
the highest concentration of bite marks, perfo-
rations and breakage in the caudal region.
Characteristics of these injuries are analyzed,
and their possible origin and related ta-
phonomic aspects are assessed. Results indi-
cate that the injuries were not produced by
intraspecific fighting, but probably by the pre-
dating action of a theropod dinosaur.
2011010371
西班牙韦斯卡 Arén 地区白垩纪最晚期鸭嘴
龙一新新属种 Blasisaurus canudoi = Blasi-
saurus canudoi gen. et sp. nov., a new lam-
beosaurine dinosaur (Hadrosauridae) from the
Latest Cretaceous of Arén (Huesca, Spain).
( 英 文 ). Cruzado-Caballero P; Pereda-
Suberbiola;X; Ruiz-Omeñaca J. I. Canadian
Journal of Earth Sciences, 2010, 47(12):
1507–1517
Blasisaurus canudoi gen. et sp. nov. is de-
scribed on the basis of disarticulated skull and
lower jaw remains found in the Blasi 1 local-
ity of Arén (Huesca, south-central Pyrenees of
Spain), located in the upper part of the Arén
Formation, late Maastrichtian in age. This new
lambeosaurine hadrosaurid is characterized by
a jugal combining a hook-like dorsal edge of
the posterior process and a narrow, D-shaped
infratemporal fenestra. Blasisaurus differs
from Arenysaurus from the Blasi 3 site of
Arén mainly by the absence of secondary
ridges in the dentary teeth, and from Koutali-
saurus (probably a junior synonym of
Pararhabdodon) from the Isona region of
Lleida by the anteriormost portion of the den-
tary that is modestly deflected ventrally. A
phylogenetic analysis places Blasisaurus as
closely related to Arenysaurus in a clade of
basal lambeosaurines more derived than Tsin-
taosaurus and Jaxartosaurus; this clade forms
part of a polytomy with Amurosaurus and
with more derived lambeosaurines. Palaeobio-
geographically, the presence of Blasisaurus
and other hadrosaurids in the Maastrichtian
European archipelago suggests one or, more
112
probably, a series of dispersal events from
Asia across intermittent land bridges during
the second half of the Late Cretaceous.
2011010372
加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚 Hornby 岛上白垩
统 Nanaimo 群的 istiodactylid 类群 = An
istiodactylid pterosaur from the Upper Creta-
ceous Nanaimo Group, Hornby Island, British
Columbia, Canada. (英文). Arbour V M; Cur-
rie P J. Canadian Journal of Earth Sci-
ences, 2011, 48(1): 63–69
An unusual jaw found in a calcite nodule
from Collishaw Point, Hornby Island, British
Columbia (off the east coast of Vancouver
Island) represents the first definitive pterosaur
found in British Columbia, and the first istio-
dactylid from Canada. The nodule was derived
from the Northumberland Formation
(Nanaimo Group), a fossiliferous formation
known for producing numerous plants, inver-
tebrates, sharks, and mosasaurs. The pterosaur
is represented by the anterior portion of the
rostrum, including the anterior edge of the
nasoantorbital fenestra, and numerous small,
triangular teeth lacking denticles. These teeth
are similar in overall morphology to the teeth
of istiodactylids, but are smaller, more numer-
ous, more tightly packed, and have propor-
tionately smaller crowns. Although fragmen-
tary, this specimen is diagnostic and repre-
sents a new genus of istiodactylid pterosaur.
Its presence in the upper Campanian North-
umberland Formation makes this the latest
occurring istiodactylid and extends the strati-
graphic and geographic range of this enig-
matic group of pterosaurs.
2011010373
美国新墨西哥圣胡安盆地白垩纪和古新世
恐龙骨骼的直接 U-Pb 数据 = Direct U-Pb
dating of Cretaceous and Paleocene dinosaur
bones, San Juan Basin, New Mexico. (英文).
Fassett J E; Heaman L M; Simonetti A. Geol-
ogy, 2011, 39(2): 159-162
Vertebrate fossils have been important for
relative dating of terrestrial rocks for decades,
but direct dating of these fossils has heretofore
been unsuccessful. In this study we employ
recent advances in laser ablation in situ U-Pb
dating techniques to directly date two dinosaur
fossils from the San Juan Basin of northwest-
ern New Mexico and southwestern Colorado,
United States. A Cretaceous dinosaur bone
collected from just below the Cretaceous-
Paleogene interface yielded a U-Pb date of
73.6 ± 0.9 Ma, in excellent agreement with a
previously determined 40Ar/39Ar date of 73.04
± 0.25 Ma for an ash bed near this site. The
second dinosaur bone sample from Paleocene
strata just above the Cretaceous-Paleogene
interface yielded a Paleocene U-Pb date of
64.8 ± 0.9 Ma, consistent with palynologic,
paleomagnetic, and fossil-mammal biochro-
nologic data. This first successful direct dating
of fossil vertebrate bone provides a new meth-
odology with the potential to directly obtain
accurate dates for any vertebrate fossil.
2011010374
北美最早蜥脚类的分异和多样性以及对一
新分类单元的描述 = Dispersal and diversity
in the earliest North American sauropodo-
morph dinosaurs, with a description of a new
taxon. (英文). Rowe T B Sues H-D; Reisz R R.
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biologi-
cal Sciences, 2011, 278(1708): 1044-1053
Sauropodomorph dinosaurs originated in
the Southern Hemisphere in the Middle or
Late Triassic and are commonly portrayed as
spreading rapidly to all corners of Pangaea as
part of a uniform Late Triassic to Early Juras-
sic cosmopolitan dinosaur fauna. Under this
model, dispersal allegedly inhibited dinosaur-
ian diversification, while vicariance and local
extinction enhanced it. However, apomorphy-
based analyses of the known fossil record in-
dicate that sauropodomorphs were absent in
North America until the Early Jurassic, re-
framing the temporal context of their arrival.
We describe a new taxon from the Kayenta
Formation of Arizona that comprises the third
diagnosable sauropodomorph from the Early
Jurassic of North America. We analysed its
relationships to test whether sauropodomorphs
reached North America in a single sweep-
stakes event or in separate dispersals. Our
finding of separate arrivals by all three taxa
suggests dispersal as a chief factor in dino-
saurian diversification during at least the early
Mesozoic. It questions whether a ‘cosmopoli-
tan’ dinosaur fauna ever existed, and corrobo-
rates that vicariance, extinction and dispersal
did not operate uniformly in time or under
uniform conditions during the Mesozoic.
Their relative importance is best measured in
narrow time slices and circumscribed geo-
graphical regions.
2011010375
足印痕把恐龙谱系的起源和多样性带进至
早三叠世 = Footprints pull origin and diversi-
fication of dinosaur stem lineage deep into
Early Triassic. ( 英 文 ). Brusatte S; Niedź-
113
wiedzki G; Butler R J. Proceedings of the
Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2011,
278(1708): 1107-1113
The ascent of dinosaurs in the Triassic is an
exemplary evolutionary radiation, but the ear-
liest phase of dinosaur history remains poorly
understood. Body fossils of close dinosaur
relatives are rare, but indicate that the dino-
saur stem lineage (Dinosauromorpha) origi-
nated by the latest Anisian (ca 242–244 Ma).
Here, we report footprints from the Early–
Middle Triassic of Poland, stratigraphically
well constrained and identified using a con-
servative synapomorphy-based approach,
which shifts the origin of the dinosaur stem
lineage back to the Early Olenekian (ca 249–
251 Ma), approximately 5–9 Myr earlier than
indicated by body fossils, earlier than demon-
strated by previous footprint records, and just
a few million years after the Permian/Triassic
mass extinction (252.3 Ma). Dinosauromorph
tracks are rare in all Polish assemblages, sug-
gesting that these animals were minor faunal
components. The oldest tracks are quadru-
pedal, a morphology uncommon among the
earliest dinosauromorph body fossils, but bi-
pedality and moderately large body size had
arisen by the Early Anisian (ca 246 Ma). Inte-
grating trace fossils and body fossils demon-
strates that the rise of dinosaurs was a drawn-
out affair, perhaps initiated during recovery
from the Permo-Triassic extinction.
2011010376
北美白垩纪最晚期马斯特里赫特期恐龙的
空间小生境状况 = Spatial niche partitioning
in dinosaurs from the latest cretaceous (Maas-
trichtian) of North America. (英文). Lyson T
R; Longrich N R. Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences, 2011,
278(1709): 1158-1164
We examine patterns of occurrence of asso-
ciated dinosaur specimens (n = 343) from the
North American Upper Cretaceous Hell Creek
Formation and equivalent beds, by comparing
their relative abundance in sandstone and
mudstone. Ceratopsians preferentially occur in
mudstone, whereas hadrosaurs and the small
ornithopod Thescelosaurus show a strong as-
sociation with sandstone. By contrast, the gi-
ant carnivore Tyrannosaurus rex shows no
preferred association with either lithology.
These lithologies are used as an indicator of
environment of deposition, with sandstone
generally representing river environments, and
finer grained sediments typically representing
floodplain environments. Given these patterns
of occurrence, we argue that spatial niche par-
titioning helped reduce competition for re-
sources between the herbivorous dinosaurs.
Within coastal lowlands ceratopsians pre-
ferred habitats farther away from rivers,
whereas hadrosaurs and Thescelosaurus pre-
ferred habitats in close proximity to rivers,
and T. rex, the ecosystem's sole large carni-
vore, inhabited both palaeoenvironments. Spa-
tial partitioning of the environment helps ex-
plain how several species of large herbivorous
dinosaurs coexisted. This study emphasizes
that different lithologies can preserve dramati-
cally dissimilar vertebrate assemblages, even
when deposited in close proximity and within
a narrow window of time. The lithology in
which fossils are preserved should be recorded
as these data can provide unique insights into
the palaeoecology of the animals they pre-
serve.
2011010377
海平面，恐龙的多样性和采样偏见：在陆
地生物区系中研究调查‘共同原因’的假设 =
Sea level, dinosaur diversity and sampling
biases: investigating the ‘common cause’ hy-
pothesis in the terrestrial realm. (英文). Butler
R J; Benson R B J; Carrano M T. Proceedings
of the Royal Society B: Biological Sci-
ences, 2011, 278(1709): 1165-1170
The fossil record is our primary window
onto the diversification of ancient life, but
there are widespread concerns that sampling
biases may distort observed palaeodiversity
counts. Such concerns have been reinforced
by numerous studies that found correlations
between measures of sampling intensity and
observed diversity. However, correlation does
not necessarily mean that sampling controls
observed diversity: an alternative view is that
both sampling and diversity may be driven by
some common factor (e.g. variation in conti-
nental flooding driven by sea level). The latter
is known as the ‘common cause’ hypothesis.
Here, we present quantitative analyses of the
relationships between dinosaur diversity, sam-
pling of the dinosaur fossil record, and
changes in continental flooding and sea level,
providing new insights into terrestrial com-
mon cause. Although raw data show signifi-
cant correlations between continental flood-
ing/sea level and both observed diversity and
sampling, these correlations do not survive
detrending or removal of short-term autocorre-
lation. By contrast, the strong correlation be-
tween diversity and sampling is robust to vari-
ous data transformations. Correlations be-
114
tween continental flooding/sea level and taxic
diversity/sampling result from a shared up-
ward trend in all data series, and short-term
changes in continental flooding/sea level and
diversity/sampling do not correlate. The hy-
pothesis that global dinosaur diversity is tied
to sea-level fluctuations is poorly supported,
and terrestrial common cause is unsubstanti-
ated as currently conceived. Instead, we con-
sider variation in sampling to be the preferred
null hypothesis for short-term diversity varia-
tion in the Mesozoic terrestrial realm.
2011010378
中 国 辽 宁 省 西 部 早 白 垩 世 Juifotang 组
Chaoyangopterus 新资料 = New material of
Chaoyangopterus (Pterodauria: Pterodacty-
loidea) from the Early Cretaceous Jiutotang
Formation of western Liaoning, China. (英文).
Zhou Chang-Fu. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie
u. Palaontologie / Abhandlungen, 2010,
257(3): 341-350
A new edentulous pterosaur is described.
The fossil, an incompleteand scattered skele-
ton, including partial skull and lower jaws, is
identified as Chaoyangopterus zhangi, based
on similar proportions of the limb bones. The
specimen shows that Chaoyangopterus pos-
sessed moderately elongate mid-cervical ver-
tebrae with low, blade-like neural spines and
lacked lateral pneumatic foramina. This dis-
covery not only further supports a distinct
Chaoyangopteridae within the Azhdarchoidea,
but also provides a new scope for reviewing
the evolution of the family Azhdarchidae.
2011010379
英格兰 pre-planorbis 层一可能的海相植龙
类 = A presumably marine phytosaur (Reptilia:
Archosauria) from the pre-planorbis beds
(Hettangian) of England. (英文). Maisch M W;
Kapitzke M. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie u.
Palaontologie / Abhandlungen, 2010, 257(3):
373-379
A mandibular fragment of a longirostrine
archosaur is decribed from the lowermost Ju-
rassic of Watchet, Somerset, England. The
specimen is compared to both marine croco-
dilians and phytosaurs, groups which are ei-
ther unknown or only doubtfully represented
in lowermost Jurassic strata so far. The speci-
men shows striking morphological similarity
to the Late Triassic phytosaur Mystriosuchus,
but differs from known teleosaurid and
metriohynchid thalattosuchians. It is conse-
quently determined as aff. Mystriosuchus.
2011010380
中国晚白垩世 Pinacosaurus grangeri 的幼
年标本以及对绘龙的特殊分类学点评 =
Juvenile specimens of Pinacosaurus grangeri
Gilmore, 1933 (Ornithischia: Ankylosauria)
from the Late Cretaceous of China, with
comments on the specific taxonomy of Pina-
cosaurus. (英文). Burns M E; Currie P J; Sis-
sons R L; Arbour V M. Cretaceous Re-
search, 2011, 32(2): 174-186 8 图版.
Four juvenile specimens referable to Pina-
cosaurus grangeri (Ankylosauria: Dinosauria)
are described from the Campanian (Upper
Cretaceous) locality Bayan Mandahu in north-
ern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
(People’s Republic of China). All the speci-
mens preserve the skulls as well as, in some
cases, mandibles, postcrania, and osteoderm.
They are not taphonomically deformed by
expanding matrix distortion, unlike many
Gobi specimens, including the holotype of P.
grangeri. Bayan Mandahu is also the type lo-
cality for Pinacosaurus mephistocephalus.
The proximity in space and time of these two
closely related species warrants a generic and
specific revision for Pinacosaurus. The dis-
tinction of the two species is based on charac-
ters of the squamosal dermal elaborations,
cranial roof posterior to the orbits, premaxil-
lary notch, and distal margin of the ilium. Al-
though a relatively well-represented anky-
losaur taxon, the phylogenetic position of
Pinacosaurus has not been unequivocally re-
solved. A new analysis recovers Pinacosaurus
as the most basal member of the Ankylosauri-
nae.
2011010381
中国河南省晚白垩世一 ornithomimid 类新
种以及北美亲缘关系 = A new ornithomimid
dinosaur with North American affinities from
the Late Cretaceous Qiupa Formation in He-
nan Province of China. (英文). Xu L; Kobaya-
shi Y; Lue J; Lee Y N; Liu Y; Tanaka K;
Zhang X; Jia S; Zhang J. Cretaceous Re-
search, 2011, 32(2): 213-222 9 图版.
A partial skeleton of the ornithomimid di-
nosaur, discovered from the Late Cretaceous
Qiupa Formation of Luanchuan County, Tan-
tou Basin, Henan Province, China, is de-
scribed here and assigned to a new genus and
species, Qiupalong henanensis, with unique
features (a notch on the lateral surface of the
lateral posterior process of the proximal end of
tibia and a small pit at the contact between
astragalus and calcaneum). A phylogenetic
115
analysis in this study suggests that it is a de-
rived ornithomimid and form a monophyly
with North American ornithomimids
(Struthiomimus altus and Ornithomimus ed-
montonicus), sharing two characters (straight
pubic shaft and large acute angle between pu-
bic shaft and boot). Some characters (small
anterior process of the pubic boot and curved
pedal unguals) are seen in basal ornithomimo-
saurs as well, but these features in Q. he-
nanensis are reversal. Qiupalong is the first
definitive ornithomimid from outside of the
Gobi Desert and is the southern-most occur-
rence of Late Cretaceous ornithomimid from
eastern Asia, demonstrating southern exten-
sion of ornithomimid distribution in Asia.
2011010382
巴西桑塔纳组（白垩纪）的一翼龙新种 =
A new pterodactyloid pterosaur from the
Santana Formation (Cretaceous) of Brazil. (英
文). Martill D M. Cretaceous Research, 2011,
32(2): 236-243 5 图版.
A partial skull comprising fused max-
illa/premaxilla and palate of a ctenochasma-
toid pterosaur from the Santana Formation of
the Araripe Basin in NE Brazil is named as the
new genus and species Unwindia trigonus gen.
et sp. nov. on account of its long slender ros-
trum, isodonty with raised dental alveoli and
dentition of seven tooth pairs restricted to the
portion of the rostrum anterior to the nasoan-
torbital. fenestra. Unwindia is assigned to the
Ctenochasmatoidea, and is probably basal
within the clade
2011010383
对 Saurolophus osborni Brown 1912（鸟臀
目：鸭嘴龙科）头盖骨的重新描述 = Rede-
scription of the skull of Saurolophus osborni
Brown 1912 (Ornithischia: Hadrosauridae).
(英文). Bell P R. Cretaceous Research, 2011,
32(1): 30-44 14 图版.
A detailed redescription of the skull of the
hadrosaurine Saurolophus osborni based on
the three known specimens of this taxon, elu-
cidates for the first time several important as-
pects of the cranial morphology. Details of the
braincase, palate, and nasal crest that were
either missed or disputed by previous authors
are clarified. The nasal crest is buttressed cau-
dally and caudolaterally by elongations of the
frontals and prefrontals, respectively. The
unique morphology of the frontals and pre-
frontals permit differentiation of S. osborni
from other hadrosaurs. S. osborni can be dif-
ferentiated from Saurolophus angustirostris
by a relatively shorter frontal contribution to
the nasal crest, a relatively straight premaxilla
in lateral view, a weakly upturned oral margin
of the premaxilla, and the absence of a vertical
sulcus on the prootic above cranial nerve V. A
reassessment of the phylogenetic affinities of
S. osborni, exclusive of S. angustirostris, sug-
gests it is most closely related to the Laurasian
taxa Prosaurolophus and Kerberosaurus.
2011010384
日 本北海 道上 白垩统 一兽 角类恐 龙 = A
theropod dinosaur (Saurischia: Maniraptora)
from the Upper Cretaceous Yezo Group of
Hokkaido, Northern Japan. (英文). Murakami
M; Hirayama R; Hikida Y et al.. Paleon-
tological Research, 2008, 12(4): 421-425
2011010385
蒙古上侏罗统兽脚类恐龙的首次发现及其
地层 = First discovery of a theropod (Dino-
sauria) from the Upper Jurassic in Mongolia
and its stratigraphy. ( 英 文 ). Watabe M;
Tsogtbaatar K; Barsbold R. Paleontological
Research, 2008, 12(1): 27-36
A theropod dinosaur is described for the
first time from the Upper Jurassic of Mongolia.
It is represented by a partial skull from the
upper Jurassic Dariv Suite in Dariv, Ikhes
Nuur Basin, Gobi-Altai Aimag, western Mon-
golia, situated relatively close to the Xinjiang
Uygur Autonomous Province in the western
part of China. From the same beds of the lo-
cality, sauropod bones were also abundantly
found. Those fossil discoveries suggest that
both carnivorous and herbivorous dinosaurs
existed in the Jurassic of Mongolia, as in
China.
2011010386
利用 X 射线电子同步辐射加速器揭示
Eupodophis descouensi 骨盆及肢骨的三维
解 剖 结 构 = Three-Dimensional Pelvis and
Limb Anatomy of the Cenomanian Hind-
Limbed Snake Eupodophis descouensi
(Squamata, Ophidia) Revealed by Synchro-
tron-Radiation Computed Laminography. (英
文). Xu F; Helfen L; De Buffrénil V; Baum-
bach T; Tafforeau P. Journal of Vertebrate
Paleontology, 2011, 31(1): 2-7
Cretaceous marine hind-limbed snakes are
considered to be key fossils for understanding
the origin and evolution of snakes. In view of
the rarity of such fossils, performing new
analyses on described specimens using emerg-
116
ing, cuttingedge techniques should bring im-
portant new insights on these forms. We in-
vestigated the three-dimensional morphology
and inner architecture of the pelvic girdle and
hind-limb bones of the type specimen of
Eupodophis descouensi Rage and Escuillié,
2000, one of the three taxa for which at least
one hind-limb is known, using synchrotron-
radiation computed laminography (SRCL), a
recently developed non-destructive technique
that overcomes some of the limitations of syn-
chrotron microtomography for flat, laterally
extended objects. This experiment allowed a
virtual exhumation of the second, hidden leg
of the specimen. The morphology and propor-
tions of the regressed pelvic and hind-limb
bones of Eupodophis resemble those of the
hind-limbed snakes Pachyrhachis and Haasio-
phis. As in Haasiophis, four tarsals are ob-
served in each limb, but there are no traces of
metatarsals or phalanges. Moreover, despite
the presence of osteosclerosis and pachyosto-
sis in the vertebrae and the ribs of Eupodophis,
the inner structure of its limb bones is devoid
of these osseous specializations and displays a
microanatomical organization similar to that
of extant terrestrial lizards. This suggests that
limb regression in Eupodophis was not due to
a qualitative alteration of growth but, more
likely, to a local decrease in growth rate or
shortening of growth duration.
2011010387
英国沃里克郡中侏罗世一新的巨大躯体的
兽足类恐龙 = A new large-bodied theropod
dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of War-
wickshire, United Kingdom. (英文). Benson R
B J; Radley J D. Acta palaeontologica Polo-
nica, 2010, 55(1): 35-42
Cruxicheiros newmanorum gen. et sp. nov.
is diagnosed by a single autapomorphy, the
presence of a proximomedially inclined ridge
within the groove that marks the lateral extent
of the posterior flange of the femoral caput. C.
newmanorum shows three tetanuran features:
widely separated cervical zygapophyses, a
swollen ridge on the lateral surface of the iliac
blade and an anterior spur of the caudal neural
spines. However, due to fragmentary preserva-
tion its affinities within Tetanurae remain un-
certain: phylogenetic analysis places it as the
most basal tetanuran, the most basal mega-
losauroid or the most basal neotetanuran.
2011010388
葡萄牙晚白垩世龟类一新属新种：
Selenemys lusitanica = Selenemys lusitanica,
gen. et sp. nov., A New Pleurosternid Turtle
(Testudines: Paracryptodira) from the Upper
Jurassic of Portugal. (英文). Pérez-García A;
Ortega F. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontol-
ogy, 2011, 31(1): 60-69
A new pleurosternid turtle from the Upper
Jurassic of the Central West of Portugal is
described. Pleurosternids are abundant in the
European and American Upper Jurassic and
Lower Cretaceous fossil record. Despite this,
at present, there is no reference to any genus
of pleurosternids before the upper Tithonian in
Europe. Selenemys lusitanica, gen. et sp. nov.,
represented by several specimens from the
upper Kimmeridgian of the Lusitanian Basin
(Portugal), constitutes the most ancient ge-
neric attribution to a pleurosternid turtle in
Europe. A cladistic analysis shows that Se-
lenemys is more closely related to the Euro-
pean Lower Cretaceous pleurosternids than to
the Jurassic North American representatives of
this group. This is interpreted as a vicariant
biogeographical distribution of the group on
both sides of the North Atlantic during the
Uppermost Jurassic, in contrast to that ob-
served in other groups of reptiles
2011010389
关于鳍龙类 Wumengosaurus delicatoman-
dibularis 的新材料及对该类群骨骼学及世
系 演 化 的 修 订 = New Information on
Wumengosaurus delicatomandibularis Jiang et
al., 2008 (Diapsida: Sauropterygia), with a
Revision of the Osteology and Phylogeny of
the Taxon. (英文). Wu X; Cheng Y; Li; Zhao
L; Sato T. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontol-
ogy, 2011, 31(1): 70-83
Wumengosaurus delicatomandibularis Jiang
et al., 2008, is restudied on the basis of three
new specimens. Many elements of the skele-
ton that were either briefly or not described at
all in the original study are detailed. With the
additional information derived from the new
specimens, we have revised the diagnosis of
W. delicatomandibularis. A phylogenetic
analysis further demonstrates that the Pachy-
pleurosauria is not a monophyletic group and
questions that W. delicatomandibularis is
closely related to the Pachypleurosauria. W.
delicatomandibularis might represent the
basal-most member of a monophyletic clade
that includes the Nothosauroidea and those
taxa assigned to the ‘Pachypleurosauria.’ The
five known specimens show morphological
variation in W. delicatomandibularis, as in
Keichousaurus and in pachypleurosaurs such
as Neusticosaurus and Serpianosaurus.
117

2011010390
蒙古 Nemegt 组 Homalocephale calathocer-
cos 的颅骨形态及个体发育位置 = Cranial
Ornamentation and Ontogenetic Status of
Homalocephale calathocercos (Ornithischia:
Pachycephalosauria) from the Nemegt Forma-
tion, Mongolia. (英文). Evans D C; Brown C
M; Ryan M J; Tsogtbaatar K. Journal of Ver-
tebrate Paleontology, 2011, 31(1): 84-92
The cranial roof ornamentation and the de-
gree of neurocentral closure in the holotype of
the pachy cephalosaurian dinosaur Homalo-
cephale calathocercos is described in detail for
the first time in order to assess its ontogenetic
status and taxonomic validity. The parie-
tosquamosal ornamentation consists of five
primary nodes along the posterior margin of
the skull roof on each side of the midline. The
medial-most node is prominently enlarged
relative to the others in the series and is bi-
sected by the parietal-squamosal suture. Be-
neath the primary node row, a second enlarged
node occurs immediately medial to lateroven-
tral corner node on each side of the parie-
tosquamosal bar. The degree of suture closure
in the vertebral column suggests that the holo-
type specimen of H. calathocercos is immature,
rather than adult. The presence of cranial
doming at maturity is therefore unknown in H.
calathocercos, and hypotheses that it repre-
sents a primitive flat-headed stage in pachy-
cephalosaur evolution or is pedomorphic in
the development of its skull roof cannot be
supported or refuted at this time. Despite the
probable immaturity of the holotype, H. ca-
lathocercos has a unique pattern of parie-
tosquamosal ornamentation that is distinct
from all other pachycephalosaurs, including
Prenocephale prenes from the same host for-
mation. Morphological differences in the cra-
nial ornamentation, jaws, and dentition be-
tween the similarly sized holotype skulls of H.
calathocercos and P. prenes provide weak
support for recent suggestions that H. calatho-
cercos is conspecific with the latter taxon.
This study tentatively reaffirms the presence
of two pachycephalosaur species in the Ne-
megt Formation
2011010391
阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚中部‘中’白垩世
Chubutisaurus insignis 的骨骼学 = The Os-
teology of Chubutisaurus insignis Del Corro,
1975 (Dinosauria: Neosauropoda) from the
‘Middle’ Cretaceous of Central Patagonia,
Argentina. ( 英 文 ). Carballido J L; Pol D;
Cerda I; Salgado L. Journal of Vertebrate Pa-
leontology, 2011, 31(1): 93-110
Titanosauriform sauropods were one of the
most widely distributed groups of dinosaurs
during the Cretaceous. In contrast to most de-
rived forms from the Upper Cretaceous, the
most basal taxa of the group are poorly known.
Thus, studies on these forms are of special
interest for understanding the origin and early
evolution of Titanosauria. Chubutisaurus in-
signis del Corro, 1975, is known from post-
cranial remains found in the Bayo Overo
Member of the Cerro Barcino Formation
(Chubut Group), which is commonly regarded
as Aptian—Cenomanian in age. Phylogenetic
analyses that include Chubutisaurus recovered
this taxon as the sister group to Titanosauria.
Nevertheless, most published studies have not
included this taxon, probably due to its brief
description and fragmentary remains. Field-
work conducted in the quarry where the holo-
type was found yielded new materials that are
regarded as part of the same specimen. These
new materials, together with additional unde-
scribed, and briefly described elements, origi-
nally collected by G. del Corro, are described
here. The new information allows the recogni-
tion of a more extensive diagnosis of this
taxon. The phylogenetic analysis presented
here resolves Chubutisaurus as the most basal
somphospondylian
2011010392
Ornithomimus edmontonicus 的 颅 部 气 腔
解剖 = Cranial Pneumatic Anatomy of Orni-
thomimus edmontonicus (Ornithomimidae:
Theropoda). (英文). Tahara R; Larsson C E.
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 2011,
31(1): 127-143
Modern archosaurs have extensive pneu-
matic diverticula originating from paranasal
and tympanic sinuses. This complex anatomy
is present in many fossil archosaurs, but few
descriptions of the complete cranial pneumatic
system exist. The cranial pneumatic morphol-
ogy of birds and non-avian theropods are the
best studied, but complete description of this
anatomy for an ornithomimid was lacking. We
describe the cranial pneumaticity of a well-
preserved ornithomimid theropod dinosaur,
Ornithomimus edmontonicus (RTMP
95.110.1), from computed tomography (CT)
scan data and computer-aided reconstruction
with quantitative measurements. New details
for ornithomimids include an internal promax-
illary recess, an internal palatine recess,
pneumatic communications between the su-
118
praoccipital recess and posterior tympanic
recess, and a complex basioccipital recess that
connects to the anterior tympanic recess and
median pharyngeal system. The pneumatic
morphology of the quadrate is similar to mod-
ern birds, which have a complete siphoneal
duct. We interpret the jugal diverticulum of
non-avian theropods to be homologous or at
least morphologically related to the avian sub-
orbital diverticulum. Cranial pneumatic mor-
phologies present in Ornithomimus and tyran-
nosaurids include an extensive internal pala-
tine recesses and a pneumatic articular that is
likely derived from a separate siphoneal diver-
ticulum similar to modern birds. Recent phy-
logenetic hypotheses of theropods imply two
equally most parsimonious solutions: that
these shared morphologies are either inde-
pendently derived in each taxon or diagnose
Coelurosauria.
鸟 类
2011010393
鸟类基本的翅膀的拍打为飞翔演化中提供
新的前景 = A fundamental avian wing-stroke
provides a new perspective on the evolution of
flight. (英文). Dial K P;Jackson B E; Segre P.
Nature, 2008, 451(7182): 985-989
The evolution of avian flight remains one of
biology's major controversies, with a long his-
tory of functional interpretations of fossil
forms given as evidence for either an arboreal
or cursorial origin of flight. Despite repeated
emphasis on the 'wing-stroke' as a necessary
avenue of investigation for addressing the
evolution of flight, no empirical data exist on
wing-stroke dynamics in an experimental evo-
lutionary context. Here we present the first
comparison of wing-stroke kinematics of the
primary locomotor modes (descending flight
and incline flap-running) that lead to level-
flapping flight in juvenile ground birds
throughout development. We offer results that
are contrary both to popular perception and
inferences from other studies. Starting shortly
after hatching and continuing through adult-
hood, ground birds use a wing-stroke confined
to a narrow range of less than 20°, when refer-
enced to gravity, that directs aerodynamic
forces about 40° above horizontal, permitting
a 180° range in the direction of travel. Based
on our results, we put forth an ontogenetic-
transitional wing hypothesis that posits that
the incremental adaptive stages leading to the
evolution of avian flight correspond behav-
iourally and morphologically to transitional
stages observed in ontogenetic forms.
2011010394
白垩纪优势飞鸟反鸟类的化石记录和翅膀
歧异 = The fossil record and limb disparity of
enantiornithines, the dominant flying birds of
the Cretaceous. (英文). Dyke G J; Nudds R L.
Lethaia, 2009, 42(2): 248-254
Morphometric and stratigraphic analyses
that encompass the known fossil record of
enantiornithine birds (Enantiornithes) are pre-
sented. These predominantly flighted taxa
were the dominant birds of the second half of
the Mesozoic; the enantiornithine lineage is
known to have lasted for at least 60 million
years (Ma), up until the end of the Cretaceous.
Analyses of fossil record dynamics show that
enantiornithine 'collectorship' since the 1980s
approaches an exponential distribution, indi-
cating that an asymptote in proportion of
specimens has yet to be achieved. Data dem-
onstrate that the fossil record of enantiornithi-
nes is complete enough for the extraction of
biological patterns. Comparison of the avail-
able fossil specimens with a large data set of
modern bird (Neornithes) limb proportions
also illustrates that the known forelimb pro-
portions of enantiornithines fall within the
range of extant taxa; thus these birds likely
encompassed the range of flight styles of ex-
tant birds. In contrast, most enantiornithines
had hindlimb proportions that differ from any
extant taxa. To explore this, ternary diagrams
are used to graph enantiornithine limb varia-
tion and to identify some morphological oddi-
ties (Otogornis, Gobipteryx); taxa not directly
comparable to modern birds. These exceptions
are interesting – although anatomically uni-
form, and similar to extant avians in their
wing proportions, some fossil enantiornithines
likely had flight styles not seen among their
living counterparts.
2011010395
对“孔子鸟和始祖鸟初级飞羽狭长羽轴说明
飞行能力很差”的评论 = Comment on "Nar-
row Primary Feather Rachises in Confuciu-
sornis and Archaeopteryx Suggest Poor Flight
Ability". ( 英 文 ). Paul G S. Science, 2010,
330(6002): 320 2 图版.
Nudds and Dyke (Reports, 14 May 2010, p.
887) reported that the primary features of the
early birds Archaeopteryx and Confuciusornis
were too weak to power flight. This conclu-
sion is not supported because the authors
overestimated the mass of the subjects and
understated the strength of the primary shafts
119
in at least one example. The total biology of
the birds indicates that they could achieve
flapping flight.
2011010396
对“孔子鸟和始祖鸟初级飞羽狭长羽轴说明
飞行能力很差”评论的回复 = Response to
Comments on "Narrow Primary Feather Ra-
chises in Confuciusornis and Archaeopteryx
Suggest Poor Flight Ability". (英文). Nudds R
L; Dyke G J. Science, 2010, 330(6002): 320
Paul and Zheng et al. challenge our conclu-
sions regarding the flight of Confuciusornis
and Archaeopteryx, which derive from our
method of assessing flight ability from esti-
mated feather strength. They suggest that our
mass and rachis data for these fossil birds are
incorrect. Neither comment, however, invali-
dates our method nor alters conclusions of
poor flight ability based upon our original data.
We encourage researchers to use our method
before critiquing our conclusions regarding
early bird flight.
2011010397
对“孔子鸟和始祖鸟初级飞羽狭长羽轴说明
飞行能力很差”的评论 = Comment on "Nar-
row Primary Feather Rachises in Confuciu-
sornis and Archaeopteryx Suggest Poor Flight
Ability". (英文). Zheng X T; Xu X; Zhou Z H;
Miao D S; Zhang F C. Science, 2010,
330(6002): 320 1 图版.
Nudds and Dyke (Reports, 14 May 2010, p.
887) compared the rachis diameters of the
primary feathers of Archaeopteryx and Confu-
ciusornis to those of modern birds and found
that the primary feathers of these two basal
birds were too weak to support sustained flight.
Our measurements of Confuciusornis speci-
mens suggest that their conclusions need to be
further evaluated.
2011010398
南非 Plovers 湖更新世一小的相思鸟 = A
small Pleistocene lovebird (Psittacidae: Aga-
pornis)from Plovers Lake, South Africa. (英
文). Stidham T A. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geolo-
gie u. Palaontologie / Abhandlungen, 2010,
256(1): 123-128
A quadrate from the external cave deposits
of Plovers Lake is the first fossil bird to be
described from the locality and is the youngest
known lovebird fossil from southern Africa.
The past presence of Agapornis in the Pleisto-
cene of Gauteng Province, South Africa, hun-
dreds of kilometers from the geographically
closest extant lovebird individuals, likely is
related to the significant climatic and envi-
ronmental lchanges that affected the region
during that period of time. his fossil appears to
be from an extinct species within the crown
clade of the genus and likely indicates the past
presence of wooded conditions near the cave
when the sediemnts were deposited approxi-
mately 1 million years ago.
2011010399
乌拉圭更新世晚期 phorusrhacid 鸟的最年
轻记录 = The youngest record of phorusrha-
cid birds (Aves, Phorusrhacidae) from the late
Pleistocene of Uruguay. (英文). Alvarenga H;
Jones W; Rinderknecht A. Neues Jahrbuch fur
Geologie u. Palaontologie / Abhandlun-
gen, 2010, 256(2): 229-234
This fossil comes from late Pleistocene sedi-
ments of Uruguay. The age determination was
based on lithological features, biostratigraphi-
cal studies and absolute dating. The evidence
indicates that these ground birds co-occurred
with the typical Pleistocene South American
megafaunal mammals. The so far youngest
fossils of phorusrhacids stem from the Plio-
cene or lower Pleistocene of South and North
America.
2011010400
带羽飞行的起源 = Origin of feathered flight.
( 英 文 ). Kurochkin E N; Bogdanovich I A.
Paleontological Journal, 2010, 44(12): 1570-
1588 10 图版.
The origin of flight in birds and theropod
dinosaurs is a many-sided and debatable prob-
lem. We develop a new approach to the reso-
lution of this problem, combining terrestrial
and arboreal hypotheses of the origin of flight.
The bipedalism was a key adaptation for the
development of flight in both birds and thero-
pods. The bipedalism dismissed the forelimbs
from the supporting function and promoted
transformation into wings. For the develop-
ment of true flapping avian flight, a key role
was played by the initial universal anisodacty-
lous foot of birds. This foot pattern provided a
firm support on both land and trees. Theropod
dinosaurs, archaeopteryxes, and some other
early feathered creatures had a pamprodacty-
lous foot and, hence, they developed only
gliding descent. Early birds descended by flat-
tering parachuting with the use of incipient
wings; this gave rise to true flight. Among
terrestrial vertebrates, only bats, pterosaurians,
and birds developed true flapping flight, al-
though they followed different morphofunc-
120
tional pathways when solving this task. How- South America, we hypothesize that giant
ever, it remains uncertain what initiated the darters disappeared from South America in the
adaptation of the three groups for the air lo- early Pliocene due to climatic deterioration,
comotion. Nevertheless, the past decade has regression of marine and freshwater environ-
provided unexpectedly abundant paleontologi- ments, the arrival of placental carnivorous
cal data, which facilitate the resolution of this mammals, and also probably by competition
question with reference to birds. with phalacrocoracid cormorants. The new
anatid Ankonetta is based on an incomplete
2011010401 but informative tarsometatarsus, with superfi-
企鹅羽毛形状和颜色演化的化石证据 = cial similarities to extant Dendrocygna. A
Fossil Evidence for Evolution of the Shape brief overview of several fossil ducks from the
and Color of Penguin Feathers. (英文). Clarke Patagonian Cenozoic concludes that most pre-
J A; Ksepka D T; Salas-Gismondi R; Al- Pliocene examples belong to non-anatine taxa,
tamirano A J; Shawkey M D; D'Alba L; Vin- indicating that plesiomorphic ducks were the
ther J; DeVries T J; Baby P. Science, 2010, dominant anseriforms in those times, a pattern
330(6006): 954-957 also evident on other continents.
Penguin feathers are highly modified in
form and function, but there have been no fos- 2011010403
sils to inform their evolution. A giant penguin 中国辽宁早白垩世的一新反鸟 = A New
with feathers was recovered from the late Eo- Enantiornithine Bird(Aves) From The Early
cene (similar to 36 million years ago) of Peru. Cretaceous Of Liaoning,China. (中文). 李莉;
The fossil reveals that key feathering features, 巩恩普;张立东;杨雅军;侯连海. 古生物学
including undifferentiated primary wing 报, 2010, 49(4): 524-531
feathers and broad body contour feather shafts, 记述产于辽宁省朝阳市早白垩世九佛堂
evolved early in the penguin lineage. Analyses
组的一新反鸟化石。依据它所具有的"Y"形
of fossilized color-imparting melanosomes
reveal that their dimensions were similar to 的叉骨;乌喙骨较宽且末端凹陷;胸骨侧突细
those of non-penguin avian taxa and that the 长,并在远端扩大,将其归入反鸟亚纲。此外,
feathering may have been predominantly gray 依据新材料所特有的头骨结构,如吻长、粗
and reddish-brown. In contrast, the dark 壮;有具钩状的牙齿;额骨大而低等不同于其
black-brown color of extant penguin feathers 它反鸟亚纲鸟类的特点,建立新属新种:杨氏
is generated by large, ellipsoidal melanosomes 弯齿鸟 Camptodontus yangi gen.et sp.nov.。
previously unknown for birds. The nanostruc- 新种隶属于长翼鸟科,与长翼鸟的某些特征
ture of penguin feathers was thus modified
相似。它的发现不但给反鸟类群增加了一
after earlier macrostructural modifications of
feather shape linked to aquatic flight. 重要新成员,同时也说明早期鸟类分化辐射
的复杂性。
2011010402
蛇鹈鸟科最南的记录和阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚 2011010404
早-中中新世鸟类鸭科一新的基干种 = The 全北区古近纪的鸟类动物群 = Paleogene
southernmost records of Anhingidae and a Avifauna Of The Holaretic. (英文). Martin L
new basal species of Anatidae (Aves) from the D. 古脊椎动物学报, 2010, 48(4): 367-374
lower-middle Miocene of Patagonia, Argen- 中国的较高纬度地区有着丰富且交通无
tina. (英文). Cenizo M M; Agnoln F L. Al- 阻的含化石地层,故在全北区生物地理的研
cheringa, 2010, 34(4): 493 - 514 究中占有独特的位置。它提供了欧洲和北
New bird fossils from the Santa Cruz For- 美新生代早期沉积之间的联系。这些动物
mation (lower-middle Miocene), Santa Cruz 群中所含丰富多样的鸟类动物群,直到目前
Province, Patagonia, Argentina, are described.
才得到足够的关注。早始新世时,在全球范
They represent an indeterminate species of the
extinct anhingid Macranhinga and a new ge- 围内,甚至在高纬度地区,都遍布着热带森林;
nus and species of basal Anatidae Ankonetta 在怀俄明州的绿河湖区,还发现了棕榈叶的
larriestrai. The record of the giant darter 化石。因而,德国 Messel 的鸟类动物群表现
Macranhinga constitutes the southernmost 出与非洲热带森林较近的亲缘关系,怀俄明
record for the family, and expands the known 州绿河的鸟类动物群与南美洲热带地区关
stratigraphic range of the genus, previously 系密切,也就不足为奇了。实际上,古近纪的
restricted to the upper Miocene. Based on an 标志性特征是温暖潮湿的生态系统在全球
analysis of the fossil anhingid record from

121
广泛分布,削弱了高纬度地区对生物分布所
起的屏障作用。晚始新世-渐新世全球温度
的下降,致使新近纪加剧了大陆隔离并促成
了生态变化,进而导致了现代鸟类在分类上
的多样性。
2011010405
阿 根 廷 西 北 部 晚 白 垩 世 一 新 的
enantiornithine 鸟 类 群 = New enantior-
nithine bird (Aves, Ornithothoraces) from the
Late Cretaceous of NW Argentina. ( 英 文 ).
Novas F E; Agnolín F L; Scanferla C A.
Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2010, 9(8): 499-503
A new enantiornithine bird, Intiornis inex-
pectatus gen. et sp. nov, is described here. It is
based on a partial hind limb found in beds of
the Upper Cretaceous Las Curtiembres Forma-
tion (Campanian), North-West Argentina. The
new taxon is referred to the family Avisauri-
dae on the basis of its cranially convex third
metatarsal. Several features suggest close rela-
tionships between Intiornis and the avisaurid
Soroavisaurus, from the Lecho Formation
(Maastrichtian; North-West Argentina). In-
tiornis was the size of a sparrow, thus repre-
senting the smallest Enantiornithes known
from South America. The new species shows
adaptations for a perching mode of life. More-
over, the hypothesis suggesting that the flying
pterosaur reptiles decrease in taxonomic di-
versity due to competitive interaction with
birds is discussed. The new species shows
adaptations for a perching mode of life. More-
over, the hypothesis suggesting that the flying
pterosaur reptiles decrease in taxonomic di-
versity due to competitive interaction with
birds is discussed.
2011010406
德国早渐新世新的骨骼指示 diomedeoidid
鸟的主干群位置 = New skeleton from the
early Oligocene of Germany indicates a stem-
group position of diomedeoidid birds. (英文).
De Pietri V L; Berger J-P; Pirkenseer C;
Scherler L; Mayr G. Acta palaeontologica
Polonica, 2010, 55(1): 23-34
We report a new specimen of the extinct
procellariiform species Diomedeoides brod-
korbi from Germany. The well-preserved par-
tial skeleton allows the recognition and reas-
sessment of new osterological dentails that
bear on the phylogenetic affinities of dio-
medeoidids. The presence on the coracoid of a
deeply excavated, cup-like facies articularis
for the scapula suggests a stem group positon
of the Diomedeoididae within Procellariifor-
mes, because this trait also occurs in stem-
group representaives of several avian groups,
as well as in Mesozoic non-neornithine birds,
and is a plesiomorphic character.
2011010407
蒙古西部中中新世的潜水鸭 = Diving ducks
from the Middle Miocene of western Mongo-
lia. (英文). Zelenkov N V. Paleontological
Journal, 2011, 45(2): 191-199 2 图版.
Medium-sized diving ducks from the
Middle Miocene of the Sharga locality
(western Mongolia) are described.
Sharganetta mongolica gen. et sp. nov. and
Nogusunna conflictoides gen. et sp. nov. are
evolutionary more advanced than the
thoroughly studied Early Miocene genus
Mionetta, but more primitive than Anatinae
and Oxyurinae. The humeral morphology
gives evidence of an aberrant position of the
two new genera. Another taxon,
Protomelanitta gracilis gen. et sp. nov.
presumably belongs to basal Mergini.
2011010408
中国辽西晚白垩世 Enantiornithine 一新类
群 = A New Enantiornithine Bird from the
Lower Cretaceous of Western Liaoning, China.
(英文). Hu D; Li L; Hou L; Xu X. Journal of
Vertebrate Paleontology, 2011, 31(1): 154-
161
A new enantiornithine bird, Bohaiornis guoi,
gen. et sp. nov., is described in this paper. The
holotype, presumably a sub-adult, is a com-
plete, fully articulated skeleton from the
Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of west-
ern Liaoning, northeastern China. Bohaiornis
exhibits some similarity in morphology to
Eoenantiornis, but Bohaiornis is much larger
than Eoenantiornis and differs from all previ-
ously known enantiornithine birds including
Eoenantiornis in having the following features:
caudal end of the articular pointed caudoven-
trally, sacral centra strongly compressed
transversely, and clavicular ramus straight
with a laterally expanded omal end. The al-
most perfectly preserved skeleton of this new
specimen not only reveals many morphologi-
cal features previously unknown in basal birds,
but also clarifies many fine details of previ-
ously known features.
哺 乳 类
2011010409
“伊甸园”或“愚人的天堂”？系统发生、扩
散和具胎盘类哺乳动物起源的南部大陆假
122
说 = "Garden of Eden" or "Fool's Paradise"?
Phylogeny, dispersal, and the southern conti-
nent hypothesis of placental mammal origins.
( 英 文 ). Hunter J P; Janis C M. Paleobiol-
ogy, 2006, 32(3): 339-344
Where did the modern lineages of placental
mammals originate? Recent molecular data
seemingly have overturned not only schemata
of placental relationships based on morpho-
logical data, but also hypotheses about the
time and place of origin of the modern line-
ages. The original hypothesis of Northern
Hemisphere origin, based on the fossil record,
has been replaced by a "Garden of Eden" hy-
pothesis of origins on a southern continent,
based on molecular phylogenies. But, do the
molecular data really support this new view of
placental mammal origins?......
2011010410
哺乳类弯曲牙齿磨损模型——对兔形类咬
合形态和高冠齿演化的控制 = A model of
wear in curved mammal teeth: controls on
occlusal morphology and the evolution of
hypsodonty in lagomorphs. (英文). Bair A R.
Paleobiology, 2007, 33(1): 53-75
Cheek teeth of some mammalian herbivores
exhibit pronounced changes in occlusal size
and shape through wear, purportedly caused
by strong curvature. Such changes are extreme
in the upper cheek teeth of extinct, dentally
archaic lagomorphs. Morphologic and taxo-
nomic turnover in lagomorphs suggests that
these dentally archaic forms may have been
unable to develop hypselodont (ever-growing)
cheek teeth. This study investigates how the
interaction of tooth shape and wear can cause
occlusal size and shape changes, and poten-
tially impose structural constraints on crown
height. These constraints may help explain
extinction of mammals with teeth like archaic
lagomorphs, evolution and diversification of
other mammalian herbivores during the late
Miocene, and the relative paucity of hyp-
sodont cheek tooth shapes in extant mammals.
I first quantify two-dimensional curvature ac-
counting for shape differences observed in
hypsodont teeth, P4s of the archaic lago-
morphs Russellagus and Hesperolagomys,
which exhibit pronounced change with wear,
and Ondatra lower incisors, which show
minimal change with wear. Using this quanti-
fication, I generate theoretical curvature mor-
phologies and describe a geometric model of
tooth wear that generates values for qualitative
and quantitative aspects of the occlusal surface
at different wear stages. Modeled results of
wear surface topography and dimensions
closely correspond to observed patterns in
Russellagus, Hesperolagomys, and Ondatra.
Model results on wear in theoretical tooth
morphologies identify two major shape factors
influencing wear: orientation of the wear sur-
face (incisor-like or cheek-tooth-like), and
tooth curvature ("concentric" or "nonconcen-
tric"). Modeled wear also suggests two geo-
metric constraints on crown height. Teeth with
nonconcentric curvatures can have crown
height limited by potential tooth area. "Incom-
plete wear" in any tooth can present severe
constraints on increasing crown height, caus-
ing structurally untenable morphologies in
very tall-crowned to hypselodont teeth.
2011010411
现生的功能类比物缺乏时的功能分析——
中黑格兽南方有蹄类的实例研究 = Analysis
of function in the absence of extant functional
homologues: a case study using mesotheriid
notoungulates (Mammalia). (英文). Shockey
B J; Croft D A; Anaya F. Paleobiology, 2007,
33(2): 227-247
We use two approaches to test hypotheses
regarding function in a group of extinct mam-
mals (Family Mesotheriidae, Order Notoungu-
lata) that lack any close extant relatives: a
principle-derived paradigm method and em-
pirically derived analog method. Metric and
discrete morphological traits of mesotheriid
postcranial elements are found to be consistent
with the morphology predicted by a modified
version of Hildebrand's paradigm for scratch
diggers. Ratios of in-force to out-force lever
arms based on skeletal elements indicate that
the mesotheriids examined had limbs modified
for high out-forces (i.e., they were "low
geared"), consistent with the digging hypothe-
sis. Other mesotheriid characters, such as cleft
ungual phalanges, a curved olecranon, and a
highly modified pelvis (with extra vertebrae
incorporated into the sacrum and fusion be-
tween the ischium and the axial skeleton) are
regarded as being functionally significant for
digging and also occur in a variety of extant
diggers. Analog methods indicate that
mesotheriids share numerous traits common to
a variety of extant diggers. Principal compo-
nent analyses of postcranial elements indicate
that mesotheriids consistently share mor-
phometric space with larger extant fossorial
mammals: aardvark, anteaters, wombats, and
badger. Likewise, discriminant function
analyses categorized mesotheriids as fossorial,
though imperfectly analogous to the extant
123
diggers analyzed. Thus, both theory-driven
and empirically derived methods of estimating
function in these extinct taxa support a digging
hypothesis for the mesotheriids examined.
Adaptations for digging in both the forelimb
and sacropelvic functional complexes of
mesotheriids provide independent support for
the fossorial hypothesis.
2011010412
古新世—始新世踝节类 Ectocion 属牙齿形
态 的 多元 停滞 = Multivariate stasis in the
dental morphology of the Paleocene-Eocene
condylarth Ectocion. ( 英 文 ). Wood A R;
Zelditch M L; Rountrey A N; Eiting T P;
Sheets H D; Gingerich P D. Paleobiol-
ogy, 2007, 33(2): 248-260
Evolutionary stasis has often been ex-
plained by stabilizing selection, intrinsic con-
straints, or, more recently, by spatially pat-
terned population dynamics. To distinguish
which of these mechanisms explains a given
case of stasis in the fossil record, stasis must
first be rigorously documented in a high-
resolution stratigraphic time series of fossil
specimens. Furthermore, past studies of evolu-
tionary mode in fossil mammalian lineages
have often been limited to univariate traits
(e.g., molar crown area). It is reasonable to
assume that tooth shape, a multivariate trait,
reflects important additional aspects of tooth
form and function. Here we present the results
of a geometric morphometric analysis of the
lower dentition of the Paleocene-Eocene
condylarth species Ectocion osbornianus col-
lected from the Bighorn and Clarks Fork Ba-
sins of northwestern Wyoming. Tooth margin
shape, cusp configuration, and shearing crest
shape were digitized for the last lower premo-
lar, p4, and for two lower molars, m1 and m3.
Multivariate statistical tests of evolutionary
mode were used to analyze the change in
shape variance over time in addition to the
magnitude and direction of shape change. Test
results characterize the shape time series as
consisting of counteracting changes with less
change than expected under a random walk
(i.e., stasis). The temporal structure of shape
variance implies that the sampled E. osbor-
nianus most likely represent a single popula-
tion, which is not concordant with the popula-
tion dynamic mechanism of stasis. Stabilizing
selection and/or intrinsic constraints remain as
the mechanisms that could explain stasis in the
lower dental shape of E. osbornianus despite
the variable environmental conditions of the
Paleocene–Eocene.
2011010413
法国 Caune de l'Arago 洞穴中更新世沉积
序列(OIS 14-12)有蹄类哺乳动物与气候有
关 的 摄 食多样 性 = Climate-related dietary
diversity of the ungulate faunas from the mid-
dle Pleistocene succession (OIS 14-12) at the
Caune de l'Arago (France). (英文). Rivals F;
Schulz E; Kaiser T M. Paleobiology, 2008,
34(1): 117-127
The Caune de l'Arago Cave (southern
France) has yielded one of the best preserved
and best documented sedimentary successions
of the European Middle Pleistocene (Oxygen
Isotopic Stages 14 to 12). Herbivorous ungu-
lates (horse, reindeer, red deer, fallow deer,
bison, musk ox, argali, and tahr) are well rep-
resented in the three major stratigraphic units
CM1, CM2, and CM3. CM1 and CM3 corre-
spond to cold and dry climate and CM2 repre-
sents temperate and humid environmental
conditions. Dental microwear and mesowear
analyses were performed for the ungulates
from CM1–3 to test whether these methods of
dental wear evaluation were suitable for de-
tecting climate-driven changes in the dietary
resources of the Arago ungulate community.
We found that both dental mesowear and mi-
crowear indicate dietary traits and their rela-
tionship to climatic conditions as reflected by
vegetation cover and community structure. In
all units, even if some species seem to share
habitats or resources, it appears that the over-
lap in their feeding ecology is very low. The
CM1 and CM3 units, where pollen analysis
indicates that the climate was cold and dry,
show the lowest diversity in dietary traits. The
CM2, where climate is known to be more
temperate and humid, the spectrum of dietary
traits is large—grazers, browsers, and mixed
feeders are present.
2011010414
模拟 arvicolid 类啮齿动物齿曲线(冠根结合
处)的形态和演化——利用美国堪萨斯上新
世的 Ogmodontomys 进行检验 = Modelling
the morphology and evolution of the linea
sinuosa (crown–root junction) in arvicolid
rodents; a test with Pliocene Ogmodontomys
from Kansas, USA. (英文). Martin R A; Sie-
fker A; Marcolini F. Lethaia, 2009, 42(2):
155-166
The linea sinuosa of 39 specimens of Plio-
cene Ogmodontomys sawrockensis and Og-
modontomys poaphagus from the Meade Ba-
sin of southwestern Kansas, USA, was decon-
124
structed into eight enamel segments, repre-
senting the major peaks and troughs that char-
acterized Ogmodontomys. Coordinates for the
positions of the major peaks and troughs were
determined from standard Cartesian coordi-
nate drawings, and then scaled for uniformity.
Descriptive statistics for the amplitude (verti-
cal) and drift (lateral) variation were calcu-
lated for each coordinate. A modified cubic
spline analysis showed that accurate represen-
tations of the linea sinuosa, both of individuals
and species, could be generated given these
coordinate data. Comparisons of individual
coordinates by analyses of variance distin-
guished O. sawrockensis from O. poaphagus,
and the same coordinates were statistically
distinguishable when the samples of O. saw-
rockensis were combined and tested against
the combined samples of O. poaphagus by
Student's t-tests. A mosaic of evolutionary
trends, predominantly in peak morphology,
was documented for Ogmodontomys from
early through middle Pliocene time. Principal
components analysis of coordinate data distin-
guished the linea sinuosa pattern of Ogmodon-
tomys from a small sample of Pliomys lenki.
This combined statistical approach offers a
new and relatively simple quantitative method
to model the form and evolution of the arvi-
colid linea sinuosa, thereby leading to more
accurate phylogenetic and biostratigraphic
reconstructions.
2011010415
关于老骨头的新想法 = New Ideas About
Old Bones. (英文). Fisher D. American Pale-
ontologist, 2008, 16(3): 18-22 3 图版.
2011010416
德国南部 Sandelzhausen 地区中新世猪和
"Old World peccaries": Hyotheriinae 亚科
和 Palaeochoeridae 科的系统发育和校正后
的 分 类 = The pigs "Old World peccaries"
(Suidae and Palaeochoeridae, Suoidea, Artio-
dactyla) from the Miocene of Sandelzhausen
(southern Germany):. (英文). van der Made J.
Palaeontologische Zeitschrift, 2009, 83(4):
43-121
The fossil remains of two species of
Suoidea from the Early/Middle Miocene local-
ity of sandelzhausen are described. A skull
and some isolated teeth and bones reveal hith-
erto unknown features of Schizoporcus muen-
zenbergensis, Schizoporcini, Taucanaminae,
Palaeochoeridae (Old World peccaries),
Suoidea. The phylogeny of the Taucanaminae
is discussed and an updated classification of
the Palaeochoeridae is presented. The new
names Schizoporcus and Schizoporcini replace
the junior homonyms Schizochoerus and
Schizochoerini .
2011010417
德国南部中新世 Gomphotherium subtapi-
roideum 在其生存寿命和地质时期的摄食
选 择 : 牙 齿 微 磨 损 分 析 的 证 据 = Feeding
preferences of Gomphotherium subtapi-
roideum (Proboscidea, Mammalia) from the
Miocene of Sandelzhausen (Northern Alpine
Foreland Basin, southern Germany)through
life and geological time: evidence from dental
microwear analysis. (英文). Calandra I; Goh-
lich U B; Merceron G. Palaeontologische
Zeitschrift, 2009, 83(4): 205-215
The dietary changes are first evaluated
throughthe ontogeny of this species, between
juveniles and adults, and are then studied
through geological time, from early Middle
Miocene to middle Late Miocene localities of
the German Molasse Basin. The microwear
patterns of juvenile and adult individuals of G.
subtapiroideum differ merely by the variable
"length of scratches", emphasizing longer jaw
movements during mastication in adults. The
microwear signatures do not vary significantly
between the two geological time periods stud-
ied, but reflect mixedfeeding preferences in
both cases. These results imply that, espite an
important environmental change at that time,
the ecology of G. subtapiroideum and, espe-
cially, its feeding habits were not affected.
2011010418
乌兹别克斯坦晚白垩世三角齿兽属哺乳动
物 Sulestes 新材料的研究及对后兽齿亚纲
和真兽齿亚纲二分法的重新认识 = New
material of the Late Cretaceous deltatheroidan
mammal Sulestes from Uzbekistan and phy-
logenetic reassessment of the metatherian-
eutherian dichotomy. (英文). Averianov A O;
Archibald J D; Ekdale E G. Journal of Sys-
tematic Palaeontology, 2010, 8(3): 301-330
Sulestes karakshi Nessov, 1985b (= Del-
tatheroides kizylkumensis Nessov, 1993 =
Marsasia aenigma Nessov, 1997) from the
Late Cretaceous (Turonian) Bissekty local
fauna, Kyzylkum Desert, Uzbekistan, is re-
vised based on additional material from the
type locality. It is characterized by an absence
of palatal vacuities, double-rooted P1, an
asymmetrical M3 with reduced metastylar
lobe, an unreduced M4 and m4, obliquely ori-
125
ented p1, anterior wall of the upper canine
alveolus formed by premaxilla, and Meckelian
groove on the dentary. PAUP analyses using a
data matrix modified from Rougier etal. (1998,
2004) places Sulestes within Deltatheridiidae
in an unresolved trichotomy with the Mongo-
lian Campanian Deltatheridium and Del-
tatheroides. Oklatheridium from the Early
Cretaceous of North America is sister taxon to
these Late Cretaceous Asiatic deltatheridii-
dans. Deltatheridiidae is the sister group to
other Metatheria including the crown clade
Marsupialia. A Deltatheroides-like taxon from
the Maastrichtian at Guriliin Tsav, Mongolia,
is not related to the Stagodontidae but is sister
taxon to other Boreometatheria. The North
American Early Cretaceous Atokatheridium,
Pappotherium, and Montanalestes are stem
tribosphenic mammals, while Holoclemensia
is at the base of the eutherian lineage.
2011010419
对“ 气候，生物和鲸类物种：现代鲸鱼演
化的新生代驱动力”的评论 = Comment on
"Climate, Critters, and Cetaceans: Cenozoic
Drivers of the Evolution of Modern Whales".
(英文). Pyenson N D; Irmis R B; Lipps J H.
Science, 2010, 330(6001): 178
Marx and Uhen (Reports, 19 February 2010,
p. 993) suggested that correlated diversity
changes in the fossil record of whales and dia-
toms reflects secular evolutionary signals of
underlying ecological drivers. We question the
meaning of this association and outline ave-
nues for more complete testing of correlations
between productivity and marine consumers
through geologic time.
2011010420
对“ 气候，生物和鲸类物种：现代鲸鱼演
化的新生代驱动力”评论的回应 = Response
to Comment on "Climate, Critters, and Ceta-
ceans: Cenozoic Drivers of the Evolution of
Modern Whales". (英文). Marx F G; Uhen M
D. Science, 2010, 330(6001): 178 1 图版.
Pyenson et al. raise concerns about the cor-
relation we identified between diatom and ce-
tacean diversity through time. Although the
issues raised are of investigative interest, they
do not invalidate our conclusions. We agree
that localized studies combined with global
data sets will further our understanding of the
factors that have helped shape cetacean evolu-
tion.
2011010421
哺乳动物南方有蹄目 Homalodotherium 属
的附属骨骼的生物机械学和形态功能研究
= Biomechanical and morphofunctional study
of the appendicular skeleton of Homalo-
dotherium Flower 1873 (Mammalia, Notoun-
gulata).. (其他). Elissamburu A. Ameghiniana:
Revista de la asociacion Paleontologica Ar-
gentina, 2010, 47(1): 25-43
Homalodotherium (Santacrucian- Friasian;
early Miocene) is the best represented genus
of the Family Homalodotheriidae (Notoungu-
lata). It was proposed as a digging form,
browser on trees in food habits, and with po-
tential for adopting bipedal posture. The ap-
pendicular skeleton is studied morphometrical
and biomechanically, considering proportions,
principal bone accidents, and muscular inser-
tions, comparing with extant mammals. Bone
elements of the appendicular skeleton are de-
scribed, the musculature reconstructed, and 10
morphometric measurements used for calcu-
lating eight functional indices. Indices include
deltoid proportion and epicondilar develop-
ment of the humerus, ulnar robustness and
olecranon proportion, femoral and tibial ro-
bustness, and distal extension of the fore and
hind limbs. The forelimb preponderates force
development in humeral flexion and protrac-
tion of the limb, but it can develop speed
movements in the distal portion of the limb.
The hindlimb lies upon the lateral side of the
autopodium, and has an important develop-
ment of force for body support and ankle sta-
bilization (flexion and adduction of the femur,
limb flexion, extension of the pelvic girdle,
zeugopodium flexion, and extension, inver-
sion and reversion of the autopodium).
Homalodotherium would be able of adopting a
bipedal posture. An arboreal browser habit is
supported, but digging habit is discarded. Pos-
sibility of speed flexion of the zeugopodium
could indicate a use of the forelimb for de-
fence.
2011010422
美国华盛顿州东南部更新世末期 Marmes
Rockshelter (45FR50) “巨麋”的埋葬学、病
理学和古生态 = Taphonomy, pathology, and
paleoecology of the terminal Pleistocene
Marmes Rockshelter (45FR50) “big elk”
(Cervus elaphus), southeastern Washington
State, USA. (英文). Lyman R L. Canadian
Journal of Earth Sciences, 2010, 47(11):
1367–1382
In 1968, remains of what were reported to
be a larger-than-modern elk (Cervus elaphus)
126
were recovered from terminal Pleistocene
sediments associated with the Marmes Rock-
shelter archaeological site in southeastern
Washington State. Originally thought to have
been butchered by humans, it is associated
with radiocarbon dates suggesting an age of
about 9800 14C years B.P. Taphonomic analy-
sis in 2009 indicates the elk likely died of
natural causes during winter months; it was
lightly scavenged by carnivores prior to burial
from silt-rich spring runoff. The elk suffered
from two pathological conditions: one result-
ing in fusion of the fourth and fifth cervical
vertebrae, and the other resulting in excessive
bone tissue on the proximal ends of the first
ribs, seventh cervical, and first and second
thoracic vertebrae. The Marmes elk is larger
than modern Rocky Mountain elk (C. e. nel-
soni) and is on the large end of the size range
of modern Roosevelt elk (C. e. roosevelti). It
is also larger than the similarly aged elk skele-
ton from Three Hills, Alberta. A single elk
bone from the Sentinel Gap archaeological
site in central Washington State, dated to
about 10 200 14C years BP and located 130 km
west of Marmes Rockshelter, is the same size
as the same bone of the Marmes elk. Terminal
Pleistocene elk in eastern Washington likely
grew to exceptionally large size as a result of
abundant grass at the time, forage that de-
creased in abundance as Holocene climatic
conditions developed.
2011010423
巨鬣狗主动捕食习态的骨骼学证据 = Oste-
ological evidence for predatory behavior of
the giant percrocutid (Dinocrocuta gigantea)
as an active hunter. (英文). Deng Tao; Tseng
Zhijie. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2010, 55(17):
1790-1794
We present osteological evidence that a
rhinocerotid skull belonging to a female
Chilotherium wimani was bitten by a giant
percrocutid, Dinocrocuta gigantea. Aided by
comparative evidence of black rhino (Diceros
bicornis) predation by extant spotted hyenas
Crocuta crocuta, we interpret the healed
wound on the C. wimani female as an injury
incurred by the late Miocene D. gigantea. The
hunting paleoecology of the giant percrocutid
D. gigantea has long been speculated, but thus
far no clear evidence has been discovered to
point to the predatory habits of this carnivore.
The present specimen of C. wimani provides
evidence to indicate that the giant percrocutid
shared similarities in predatory behavior to the
modern spotted hyena: it was an active hunter
in spite of the specialized bone-cracking cra-
niodental morphology which imparted superb
capability for processing bone.
2011010424
乍得托罗斯密纳拉晚中新世的新的长着锐
利的长犬牙的猫科动物 = New sabre-toothed
cats in the Late Miocene of Toros Menalla
(Chad). ( 英 文 ). de Bonis L; Peigné S;
Mackaye H T; Likius A; Vignaud P; Brunet M.
Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2010, 9(5): 221-227
The Toros Menalla Late Miocene Forma-
tion (7 Ma), Djurab desert, Chad, has yielded
a large number of vertebrate remains, and
among them around twenty taxa of carnivores.
Recent collections allow us to describe two
sabre-toothed felids assigned to the genera
Lokotunjailurus and cf. Megantereon. The
former does exist in the Nawata Formation,
Lothagam, northern Kenya with a slightly de-
rived species and the TM specimens are con-
sidered as belonging to a new species. The
latter cannot be identified to the species level,
but it could be one of the earliest specimens of
Megantereon known in the world and it would
reinforce the hypothesis of an Old World ori-
gin for this taxon. Both allow us to put for-
ward some biogeographical conclusions
2011010425
中国晚白垩世一个新的多瘤齿哺乳动物的
耳岩的 3D 电脑图像及其古生物学推断 =
3D computational imaging of the petrosal of a
new multituberculate mammal from the Late
Cretaceous of China and its paleobiologic in-
ferences. (英文). Ladevèze S; de Muizon C;
Colbert M; Smith T. Comptes Rendus
Palevol, 2010, 9(6-7): 319-330
The derived middle and inner ears of
mammals are the major features distinguishing
them from non-mammalian vertebrates.
Among them, multituberculate mammals rep-
resent an important transitional stage and a
ground plan for further therian ear evolution.
We present the reconstruction of petrosal fea-
tures of a new multituberculate from the Late
Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia (China) based
on high resolution computed tomography and
three-dimensional imaging analysis. Besides
questioning some aspects of previous interpre-
tations, this study reveals a combination of
derived and primitive characters, such as a
therian-like vascular and nervous pattern and
internal acoustic meatus, and a monotreme-
like inner ear, but with a derived semicircular
canal planarity. The possible presence of a
primary bony lamina for the basilar membrane
127
could demonstrate that the first step in the
elaboration of a coiled cochlea was already
present in multituberculates. Auditory capa-
bilities can be deduced for this animal, which
was certainly terrestrial and possibly fossorial.
2011010426
西印度卡奇中部早中新世哺乳动物及其地
质年代, 生物地层, 海平面升降和洲际分布
意义 = Early Miocene mammals from central
Kutch (Gujarat), Western India: Implications
for geochronology, biogeography, eustacy and
intercontinental dispersals. (英文). Bhandari
A; Mohabey D M; Bajpai S; Tiwari B N;
Pickford M. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie u.
Palaontologie / Abhandlungen, 2010, 256(1):
69-97
Terrestrial mammals comprising eight taxa
occur at Pasuda in the Khari Nadi Formation
of central Kutch, Gujarat State, Western India.
The Kutch mammal assemblages provide evi-
dence for other Early Miocene faunal ex-
changes between Afro-Arabia and the Indian
subcontinent, including anthracotheres, suids,
tragulids and possibly giraffids. The new col-
lections assume significance in view of the
hitherto poorly known nature of the earliest
Neogene fossil mammals of India, not only
from Kutch but from broadly coeval deposits
including the Murree, Dagshai/Kasauli, and
Dharamsala beds in the NW Outer Himalaya,
and the Kargil Formation of Ladakh in the
NW Trans-Himalaya.
2011010427
美国内布拉斯加州早渐新世新的 leptictids
= New leptictids (mammalia: Insectivora)
from the Early Oligocene. (英文). Meehan J J;
Martin L D. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie u.
Palaontologie / Abhandlungen, 2010, 256(1):
99-107
A new genus and two new species of primi-
tive, saltatorial, insectivorous mammals (Lep-
tictida: Leptictidae) are described from the
Lower Oligocene, Brule Formation, Nebraska.
The new forms have narrower skulls with rela-
tively longer snouts than Leptictis, to which
all North American Oligocene species have
been thought to belong.
2011010428
阿 根 廷 Entre Rios 省 第 四 纪 偶 蹄 类
Tayassuidae 科： 阿根廷古动物群评述 =
The Tayassuidae (Mammalia; Artiodactyla)
from the Quaternary of Entre Rios Province.
A palaeofaunal review in Argentina. (英文).
Gasparini G M; Ferrero B S. Neues Jahrbuch
fur Geologie u. Palaontologie / Abhandlun-
gen, 2010, 256(2): 151-160
Three genera of Tayassuidae (Platygonus,
Catagonus and Tayassu) are recognized in this
continent. this paper aims to: 1) describe the
tayassuid materials found in the Pleistocene in
Entre Rios Province; 2) review and update the
palaeontological record of the family in the
Mesopotamian region during the Quaternary;
and 3) check the geographic and stratigraphic
distribution in South America, specially in
Argentina, of the tayassuids from the Mesopo-
tamian region.
2011010429
意大利北部 Pale Rosse 岩洞中穴居熊下颚
的牙齿病理学 = Dental pathologies in the
mandibles of cave bears from Grotta delle
Pale Rosse (Passo Brocon, Trentino alto
Adige - North Italy). (英文). Toledano L; rossi
M; Santi G. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie u.
Palaontologie / Abhandlungen, 2010, 256(3):
257-266
Often Late Quaternary remains of cave
bears(now have been recognized at least three
species or subspecies in the Alps: Ursus spe-
laeus eremus, U. ladinicus and U. ingressus)
show clear evidence of pathologies particu-
larly so in some of the dental components. In
the mandibular remains from the Grotta delle
Pale Rosse the dental pathologies are more
frequent in 4th premolars and first molars,
probably due to the structureal fragility linked
to the conformation of these teeth. Apical in-
fections of the last molars as consequence of
the opening of the pulpar cavity are also dis-
cussed. A rare agenesia of a mandibular pre-
molar has been also found.
2011010430
日 本 中 部 早 中 新 世 Mizunami 群 鲸 亚 目
Platanistoid = Early Miocene Platanistoid
from the Mizunami Group, Central Japan. (英
文 ). Kimura T; Hasegawa Y; Okumura Y.
Paleontological Research, 2009, 13(2): 167-
171
A platanistoid fossil was recovered from the
upper Lower Miocene Akeyo Formation, Mi-
zunami Group, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. It con-
sists of a right scapula, two cervical and three
thoracic vertebrae, and an isolated tooth. The
following key apomorphies of Platanistoidea
are found in the scapula of the specimen: loss
of or greatly reduced coracoids process, ac-
romion located on the anterior edge of the
scapula, and disappearance of the supraspina-
128
tus fossa on the lateral side of the scapula.
This is the fourth platanistoid to be reported
from Japan.
2011010431
日本神奈川县晚中新世 Oiso 组哺乳动物奇
蹄目犀牛化石 = A Rhinocerotid (Mammalia,
Perissodactyla) from the Late Miocene Oiso
Formation, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. (英
文). Zin-Maung-Maung-Thein1, Taru H;Takai
M; Fukuchi A. Paleontological Re-
search, 2009, 13(2): 207-210
We describe a fragmentary tooth of a rhi-
nocerotid perissodactyl recovered from the
middle unit of the upper Miocene Oiso Forma-
tion, Japan. Although the specimen is frag-
mentary and heavily worn, it is worth describ-
ing because the fossil record of the Miocene
rhinoceroses in Japan is little known. Taxon-
omy used in this paper follows Antoine et al.
(2003) and dental terminology follows the
convention by Guérin (1980).
2011010432
蒙古上始新统 Ergilin Dzo 组新的哺乳动物
食肉类半犬类 = New Amphicyonid (Mam-
malia: Carnivora) from the Upper Eocene Er-
gilin Dzo Formation, Mongolia. (英文). Egi N;
Tsubamoto T; Tsogtbaatar K. Paleontological
Research, 2009, 13(3): 245-249
A mammal tooth discovered from the upper
Eocene Ergilin Dzo Formation of southeastern
Mongolia is identified as an upper second mo-
lar of a small amphicyonid (Mammalia: Car-
nivora). It is similar to Cynodictis, which is a
primitive amphicyonid from the late Eocene to
early Oligocene of Europe, in overall size,
relative size of the trigon cusps, and smooth
lingual cingulum. However, it differs from
Cynodictis and other amphicyonids in having
an extremely thick lingual cingulum that
bulges posterolingually and a parastyle that
positions anterior to the paracone, indicating
that it belongs to a new genus of the family.
Reappraisals of previously reported “Cynodic-
tis” materials from the Paleogene of Asia im-
ply that none of them belong to the Amphi-
cyonidae, and only the present material con-
firms the existence of an amphicyonid in the
Eocene of northern East Asia. This opens
questions on the previously proposed exis-
tence of Cynodictis and migration of amphi-
cyonids in the Paleogene of Asia.
2011010433
俄罗斯外贝加尔哺乳动物食肉类
Parailurus baikalicus 的下颌骨和下齿型 =
Mandible and Lower Dentition of Parailurus
baikalicus (Ailuridae, Carnivora) from Trans-
baikal area, Russia. (英文). Ogino S; Nakaya
H; Takai M; Fukuchi A; Maschenko E N;
Kalmykov N P. Paleontological Re-
search, 2009, 13(3): 259-264
Although the modern lesser panda (Ailurus;
Ailuridae; Carnivora; Mammalia) only lives in
the temperate highland forests of the southern
Himalayan region, its fossil remains of late
Miocene to Pliocene age have been found
widely across the Holoarctic region. Very few
mandibles or lower teeth of these animals,
however, have been identified. Here, we pro-
vide a detailed description of the mandible and
lower dentition of a large-sized lesser panda,
Parailurus baikalicus (Sotnikova, 2008),
which has been discovered from the middle
Pliocene of Udunga, Transbaikalia, Russia. In
the Transbaikalian species, lower molars are
low crowned and shows highly crenulated
enamel pattern. The main cuspids of cheek
teeth are heavily worn horizontally, suggest-
ing a high specialization for leaf eating. The
distinctive lower tooth morphology of P. bai-
kalicus differs from those of other fossil lesser
pandas discovered from Europe and North
America and from those of modern species,
suggesting that the morphology found in P.
baikalicus is derived in the Ailuridae.
2011010434
东非和环特提斯地区新的古近纪蹄兔动物
标 本 = New Neogene Hyracoid Specimens
from the Peri-Tethys Region and East Africa.
( 英 文 ). Pickford M. Paleontological Re-
search, 2009, 13(3): 265-278
This contribution describes and interprets
fossil hyracoids from four localities in the
Peri-Tethys region and one in East Africa.
Two of the Peri-Tethyan localities (Ad Dabti-
yah, Saudi Arabia and Reguba, Libya) are of
basal Middle Miocene age (MN 5=P III, ca.
16.5 Ma), the third (Beglia, Tunisia) is basal
Vallesian (ca. 11–10.5 Ma) and the fourth
(Maragheh, Iran) is Late Miocene (MN 12=P
VII, ca. 9.5–7 Ma). The East African locality,
Bukwa, Uganda, is basal Middle Miocene in
age (ca. 17.5 Ma). A new genus and species of
hyracoid, Regubahyrax Selleyi, is described
from Libya, characterised by lower molars
ornamented by well developed cristids and
spurs and a new species, Prohyrax bukwaensis,
is described from East Africa, intermediate in
dimensions between Prohyrax tertiarius from
129
the Early Miocene of Namibia, and Prohyrax 属最早的化石记录出现在中亚地区,推测它
hendeyi from the basal Middle Miocene of the 很可能起源于中亚,然后向西亚、欧洲和北
same country. The Saudi Arabian hyracoid is 非地区扩散。依据伴生动物群和相关古植
attributed to Afrohyrax championi and the Tu-
物的研究成果推测,Atlantoxerus 属可能生活
nisian and Iranian ones to Pliohyrax kruppi or
rossignoli and Pliohyrax graecus, respectively. 在温暖湿润的环境中。随着晚新生代全球
气温变冷,该属的分布渐趋收缩,分异度减小,
2011010435 表明了其地理分布与温度变化密切相关。
关于 Euowenia robusta 分类位置的正身兼 同时推测,温度对其生存的影响似乎比湿度
颧骨类一个新属的描述 = On the identity of 更大。
Euowenia robusta De Vis, 1891 with a de-
scription of a new zygomaturine genus. (英文). 2011010437
Mackness B. Alcheringa, 2010, 34(4): 455 – 甘肃临夏盆地晚中新世鬣狗类群头骨的几
469 何形态测量学及生态形态学分析 = Geomet-
An occluded skull and dentaries, recovered ric Morphometrics Analysis Of Cranial Shape
from the Floraville Local Fauna, northern Among Late Miocene Hyaenid Ecomorpholo-
Queensland, is referred to Euowenia robusta gies In The Linxia Basin,Gansu,China. (英文).
De Vis, 1891. The specimen has distinctive 曾志杰;何文;陈善勤. 古脊椎动物学报, 2010,
zygomaturine features including a quinquetu- 48(3): 235-246
bercular upper third premolar and lower mo- 在晚新生代大型食肉目动物中,鬣狗科动
lars with cristids obliqua, directly challenging
物地史分布广、种类和数量多,在中国出现
the synonymy of E. robusta with Nototherium
inerme and N. mitchelli proposed by Woods 于中中新世至更新世晚期的地层中。形态
(1968). Comparison with the genotypic 功能学家将鬣狗科的 60 多个化石种分为似
Euowenia grata (De Vis, 1887) has further 豺、似狼和似灵猫等生态类群,这些生态类
confirmed that E. robusta does not belong 群和现生仅存的 3 个食骨和 1 个食虫类群
within the Diprotodontinae. After examining 形成鲜明的对比。生态形态学是基于生物
all named zygomaturine genera, including a 形态与生态环境的密切关系研究不同物种
large data set of Zygomaturus trilobus Mac- 形态所代表的生态位的一种方法;研究者依
leay, 1858, it is concluded that Euowenia ro-
靠化石鬣狗类与现生种类牙齿和头骨整体
busta can not be placed within any known
zygomaturine genus and, therefore, a new ge- 形 态 的 相 似 度 进 行 了 生 态 形 态
nus is proposed. It is perhaps the most derived （ecomorphology）的分类,但尚未对这些已
of all the zygomaturines described to date 定的生态形态进行过多变量的头骨形状分
from the Australian Cenozoic. 析。本文拟采用平面几何形态测量学的方
法对晚中新世临夏盆地的鬣狗类进行研究,
2011010436 并探讨以头骨形状划分其生态形态类型的
新疆准噶尔盆地北缘中中新世阿特拉旱松 可行性。几何形态测量法是以生物形态的
鼠及其生态环境讨论 = Atlantoxerus From 轮廓作为数据的计算方法,虽然目前尚未被
The Middle Miocene Of Northern Junggar 国内古生物研究者广泛采用,但自 20 世纪
Basin And Their Environmental Significance.
30 年代多变量统计学的理论成熟以来,这一
( 中 文 ). 魏 涌 澎 . 古 脊 椎 动 物 学 报 , 2010,
方法的理论基础和软件算法在国外得到迅
48(3): 220-234
记述了新疆准噶尔盆地北缘中中新世哈 速 发 展 , 至 今 已 成 为 近 代 生 物 学
拉玛盖组的两种阿特拉旱松鼠化 （neontology）和古生物学形态研究领域的
石:Atlantoxerus junggarensis 和 A.xiyuensis 一个常用工具。三维几何形态测量分析也
sp.nov. 。 依 据 新 的 化 石 材 料 将 因为三维激光扫描仪的普及而变得更简单
A.junggarensis 特 征 进 行 了 修 订 。 新 种 和直观。然而,化石标本由于埋藏和保存的
A.xiyuensis 颊齿较小,齿冠低;P4 大于或等于 关系通常会出现变形或残缺不全,使目前几
M1/2,次尖明显,原小尖发育,后小尖强大、 何形态测量方法在古生物学的应用仍主要
明显大于后尖且一般不与后边脊相连,通常 以平面数据分析为主。平面数据采集的第
无中附尖;M1/2 原小尖弱;m3 无下前边尖和 一步是从与标本某一平面相垂直的角度拍
前齿带,无下中尖、下中附尖和下次小尖,下 摄数码照片;虽然拍摄平面的选择通常由研
后脊粗壮、由下原尖伸向跟凹、不与下后 究者自定,但一般会选择待研究类群形状变
尖相连,下内尖及下内脊发育。Atlantoxerus 异最具代表性的一面（如,鱼类一般选取侧

130
视）。第二步是形态的数字化,即使用某一 鬣狗和斑鬣狗之间的趋同演化不仅表现在
种形态测量软件来标出地标点（landmarks; 成年头骨的粗壮程度上,而且在幼年发育模
或称界标点、标志点、标点）。地标点的 式中也存在平行演化现象。现生发育学与
选择对于分析的结果有直接而且重要的影 行为生态学已经证实,相对其他大型食肉动
响,一般会选择 Bookstein 分类中的 I 型或 II 物,现生斑鬣狗发育粗壮头骨形态的机制不
型作为地标点的标准。这两种地标点的共 是以增速生长,而是以延长发育期来实现
同点是可以从解剖学特征上准确地在每一 的。由此推断,巨鬣狗的发育期有可能和现
个标本上找到,而无不明确或复现困难的可 生鬣狗相当（35 个月）,也可能由于具有相
能性。数字化后的数据在软件中用数学算 对粗壮和巨大的头骨形态,其发育期会延长
法叠加起来（superimposition,或称叠合,重 些。当然,这个新解释仍需要更多的化石数
叠）,以去除原始图片数据中标本位置、角 据和发育研究来证实。
度及其他与几何形态无关的冗余信息。所
有的数字化数据叠加起来后,利用软件计算 2011010438
所有标本之间的几何距离。现在常用的软 内蒙古上新世高特格地点的仓鼠化石 =
件中都会以平均几何形状作为中心,而且利 Note On The Cricetids From The Pliocene
用类似主成分分析（principal components Gaotege Locality,Nei Mongol. (英文). 李强.
analysis ） 的 多 变 量 计 算 来 呈 现 相 对 扭 曲 古脊椎动物学报, 2010, 48(3): 247-261
（或称相对反卷）轴（relative warp axis）, 对历年来采自高特格地点 3 个不同层位
后者即是可以用来把形态差异视觉化的多 的共 227 件仓鼠类标本进行了分类描述和
变量数据。这些数据可以用平面坐标图来 研究,这些标本可以归入 2 属 3 种,分别为进
看不同形态的空间分布,也可以用所谓的薄 步中华仓鼠 Sinocricetus progressus,大中华
板样条曲线图（thin-plate spline grid）来表 仓鼠（新种）S.major sp.nov.和蒙古微仓鼠
示相对形态上的变化。相对扭曲轴所代表 Nannocricetus mongolicus。作为内蒙古中部
的形状数据还经常被拿来与代表几何物体 地区新近纪动物群序列中的最晚代表,上新
大 小 的 距 心 值 （ 或 称 重 心 距 离 ,centroid 世高特格动物群存在一些特有的进步的小
size）做回归曲线分析,以便发现种群中某 哺乳动物种类,S.major 新种就是仓鼠类中的
些形态的异速生长模式（allometry）。本 一例。大中华仓鼠新种特征为：个体显著
文采用几何形态测量的方法对产自和政地 大,齿冠高,下臼齿发育有较发达的（假）下
区 的 鬣 狗 科 Hyaenictitherium, Ictitherium, 中脊,其中 m1 的下中脊指向前内方向,m2 的
Adcrocuta 和旁鬣狗科 Dinocrocuta 的材料 假下中脊（或称下原尖后臂）前内向与下
进行研究,分析了这 4 个属保存完好的头骨 后尖后壁连接。古地磁的测定表
标本的侧面形态。与东非大草原现生食肉 明,Sinocricetus progressus 和 Nannocricetus
动物的头骨整体形态分布的比较和分析表 mongolicus 在高特格剖面上的年限大致为
明,和政的鼬鬣狗（Ictitherium）和鬣型鼬鬣 4.2～3.9Ma,S.major 只出现于剖面下部,其年
狗（Hyaenictitherium）的头骨形状分布介 限约为 4.2Ma.Sinocricetus 和 Nannocricetus
于现生斑鬣狗（Crocuta crocuta）、犬科猎 两属目前主要发现于中国北方晚中新世早
狗 （ Lycaon pictus ） 和 金 豺 （ Canis 期至最晚上新世的地层中,它们可能都是中
aureus）之间,为二者似豺生态形态的解释 国特有的新近纪仓鼠。对内蒙古中部地区
提供了几何形态测量证据。再者,上述两属 最晚中新世二登图和哈尔鄂博、早上新世
化石鬣狗的形状分布与现生斑鬣狗的幼年 比例克和高特格地点的材料对比表
个体形状重叠,表明现生斑鬣狗头骨的发育 明,Sinocricetus 牙齿特征可能存在如下演化
机制可能是在鼬鬣狗祖先类型的异速生长 趋势：M1-2 原脊 I 发育频率逐渐增高,M1-2
规律基础上的持续发育,进而演化出现有的 的中脊与后尖前壁连接的程度逐渐增高,m1
粗壮形态。此外,巨鬣狗（Dinocrocuta）和 下前脊从双支分别与唇舌两侧下前边小尖
副鬣狗（Adcrocuta）的头骨形状与现生的 连接向单支与唇侧下前边小尖连接转变,以
斑鬣狗在几何形态测量空间内有普遍重叠 及 m2 的假下中脊与下后尖后壁发生连接的
的现象,指示了这些异时出现的种类具有相 频率逐渐增高。Nannocricetus 在其演化中
似的生态形态,因而可能占据相近的生态 牙齿形态变化可能存在的趋势是：M1-2 的
位。结果还显示巨鬣狗和斑鬣狗的幼年个 牙根数由 3 增加到 4,M1-2 的后小脊 II 逐渐
体形状相近,以及两者从幼年到成年发育的 退化消失,m1 的下前边尖逐渐收缩变窄和分
形状变化过程也具有相似的规律。因而,巨 裂,M2-3 和 m2-3 的舌侧（下）前边脊逐渐

131
退化消失,及 m3 下中脊出现频率逐渐增 店第 1,2,6,20,山顶洞和东岭子洞等地点以及
高。 山 东 平 邑 发 现 的 兔 标 本 归 入 草 兔 Lepus
2011010439 capensis。以前被归入 Lepus wongi 种内的
加拿大西部晚古新世哺乳动物混齿科新种 标本,除周口店第 13 地点及蓝田陈家窝子的
Eudaemonema webbi：已知最年轻的混齿 应属于 Lepus teilhardi 外,其余地点的皆为
类 动 物 = Eudaemonema webbi sp. nov. Lepus capensis,因此 L.wongi 失去了原有的
(Mammalia, Mixodectidae) from the late Pa- 意义,为无效种。周口店第 16 地点的标本归
leocene of western Canada: the youngest 入华南兔 Lepus sinensis,是该种目前惟一的
known mixodectid. (英文). Scott C S. Cana- 化石记录。辽宁营口金牛山的标本暂时归
dian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2010, 47(12):
入东北兔 Lepus mandschuricus。我国更新
1451–1462
Mixodectidae (Mammalia, Archonta) are an 世共发现两个化石种和 4 个现生种。其中
unusual, poorly known family of dermop- 化石种 Lepus teilhardi 和 L.ziboensis 出现在
teran-like mammals that have been discovered 早更新世晚期至中更新世早期,现生种
at several North American localities of pri- L.capensis,L.mandschuricus,L.sinensis 和
marily early Paleocene age. Among the three L.comus 分别出现在中更新世与晚更新世。
or four recognized mixodectid genera, Eu- 初步讨论了兔属的起源,认为兔属可能起源
daemonema Simpson is perhaps one of the 于上新世的 Trischizolagus。
least understood, being known from only a
few localities of late Torrejonian and earliest 2011010441
Tiffanian age. This paper reports on a new
广西崇左缺缺洞早更新世猕猴骨架化石初
species of Eudaemonema from the late Paleo-
cene of Alberta, Canada, that significantly 步 报 道 = A Partial Skeleton Of Macaca
extends the geographic and stratigraphic （ Mammalia,Primates ） From The Early
ranges of the genus. Eudaemonema webbi sp. Pleistocene Queque Cave
nov. is known from middle and late Tiffanian Site,Chongzuo,Guangxi,SouthChina. ( 英 文 ).
localities in central and south central Alberta, 张颖奇;金昌柱;高井正成. 古脊椎动物学
and it represents the youngest and northern- 报, 2010, 48(3): 275-280
most species of Eudaemonema so far discov- 初步报道了缺缺洞发现的猕猴化石。新
ered. E. webbi differs from the genotypic spe- 材料为一具雄性老年猕猴个体的骨架,保存
cies E. cuspidata in being larger and in having
了几乎完整的下颌、全部 7 节颈椎、9 节胸
a suite of dental characters (e.g., molariform
posterior premolars, enlarged molar protocone 椎、两侧前肢肢骨、右侧后肢部分肢骨以
and hypocone, development of a second grind- 及绝大部分的腕（跗）骨、掌（蹠）骨和
ing platform on the lower molars) that sug- 指（趾）骨。这是目前为止中国发现的最
gests an increased emphasis on grinding dur- 为完整的猕猴骨架化石。鉴于化石对比材
ing mastication. E. webbi possesses several 料的缺乏,仅对下颌及牙齿形态进行了描述,
dental features (e.g., broad, shelf-like molar 并将之与中国已知各化石种进行了对比。
paraconid–paracristid, lingually shifted molar 由于中国猕猴属各化石种之间的系统关系
hypoconulid) that resemble those of cyno-
尚不明确,暂将这批材料作未定种处理,更加
cephalids (Mammalia, Dermoptera), with
these resemblances interpreted herein as con- 深入的研究将另文发表。
vergent. The occurrence of E. webbi at Gao
Mine extends the stratigraphic range of Eu- 2011010442
daemonema into the late Tiffanian (Ti5) and 北美西部古新世-始新世极热事件
represents the youngest known record of （ PETM ） 期 间 的 哺 乳 动 物 群 序 列 =
Mixodectidae. Mammalian Faunal Succession Through The
Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum
2011010440 （PETM）In Western North American. (英
中国更新世兔属化石的厘定 = Revision Of 文). Gingerich P D. 古脊椎动物学报, 2010,
Chinese Pleistocene Lepus （ Leporiade, 48(4): 308-327
Lagomorpha）. (中文). 张兆群. 古脊椎动物 跟随一队研究哺乳动物群在古新世-始新
学报, 2010, 48(3): 262-274 世变化的生物地层学和古地理学的学者,已
在对我国现生兔属各种骨骼特征研究的 故周明镇教授开始了他的古脊椎动物学事
基础上,通过形态特征的观察与测量数据的 业。这是化石记录中偶蹄类、奇蹄类和灵
分析,修订了已有的兔属化石材料。将周口 长类（APP 类群）首次出现的时期。随着

132
北美西部 Polecat Bench 新的最晚古新世 “假磨楔式”：一个概念的发展历史 = Pseu-
Clarkforkian 哺乳动物群的发现,古新世作为 dotribosphenic：The History Of A Concept.
一个独立于始新世的分期从 1911 年开始被 (英文). Rich T H; Vickers-Rich P. 古脊椎动
接受。后来,研究证明古新世-始新世界线包 物学报, 2010, 48(4): 336-347
括了一段时间,这期间发育了矮小型哺乳动 大多数情况下古生物学是事后解释的科
物支系。古新世-始新世碳同位素漂移 学,也就是说,在大多数情况下它的中心任务
（CIE）与哺乳动物矮小化以及 APP 类群 是解释存在的资料。古生物学成为预测科
的首次出现是同时的。据此可以对 CIE 进 学的一个罕见的实例见诸于＂假磨楔式＂
行全球性总结,结果表明它与古新世-始新世 这个概念的发展历史中。根据一个假磨楔
极热事件（PETM）相关。PETM 这一全球 式哺乳动物的单个齿骨上的下臼齿结构,推
温室变暖事件不仅对地球气候和生物群有 测出当时尚不知道的上臼齿结构。随后,被
短暂的影响,而且对生物群同样具有深远持 认为很可能属于假磨楔式哺乳动物的单个
续的影响。我们所知的哺乳动物与 CIE 和 上臼齿以及更晚的一件具有咬合在一起的
PETM 之 间 关 系 的 大 部 分 内 容 是 通 过 对 上下臼齿的标本的发现证实了最初的假
Polecat Bench 周边剖面独特地层记录的高 设。磨楔式臼齿结构作为哺乳动物历史中
分辨率研究得到的。周教授早年曾在那里 一个关键的创新结构,本身相当复杂。假磨
工作过,如今他的骨灰也撒在那里。 楔式概念的被接受在认识磨楔式臼齿结构
方面具有重要意义,这个结构可能发生不止
2011010443 一次。＂假磨楔式＂这个术语最初提出之
硅藻鼠科（哺乳纲,啮齿目）与亚洲中始新 后,随着它的使用,一些后来的研究者的用法
世 啮 齿 类 的 双 脊 齿 = The Diatomyidae 严重偏离了它的本义。这一术语既被用来
（Mammalia,Rodentia）And Bilophodonty In 描述并不以原始定义的假磨楔式方式咬合
Middle Eocene Asian Rodents. (英文). Daw- 的柱齿兽类牙齿,也被用于描述明显属于原
son M R; 李 传 夔 ; 齐 陶 . 古 脊 椎 动 物 学 始定义的磨楔式而不是假磨楔式牙齿。结
报, 2010, 48(4): 328-335 果是古生物学界对其定义的理解变得更不
亚洲特有的啮齿类硅藻鼠科自渐新世以 准确,这个概念的实用性因此大大削弱。所
来分布于东亚和南亚。现生硅藻鼠类的分 以,回归最初的定义是合适的。
布只限于老挝的喀斯特地区。就目前所知,
这些具有豪猪型头骨-松鼠型下颌的啮齿类 2011010445
的颊齿都是不同程度的横向双脊齿。时代 内蒙古苏崩地点的古新世软食中兽（哺乳
最早的硅藻鼠类产于巴基斯坦渐新世地层 纲,中兽目）：古新世-始新世界线附近“东
中,其颊齿的双脊齿构造上仍保留齿尖残迹, 方伊甸园”扩散模式的新证据 = Paleocene
基本符合双脊齿型牙齿结构。至渐新世末 Hapalodectes （ Mammalia ： Mesonychia ）
期,硅藻鼠科的牙齿出现分化。中新世及以 From Subeng,Nei Mongol：Further Evidence
后硅藻鼠类的化石记录相对较少。分子生 Of ＂East Of Eden＂ Dispersal At The Paleo-
物学证据将硅藻鼠类归入 Ctenohystrica,这 cene-Eocene Boundary. (英文). 毕丛山;王元
种归属也从始新世梳趾鼠类的臼齿形态上 青;孟津;倪喜军;Cebo D L;李传夔. 古脊椎动
得到一定的支持。除此之外,有关硅藻鼠类 物学报, 2010, 48(4): 375-389
的起源问题几乎一无所知。亚洲中始新世 记述了发现于内蒙古苏崩晚古新世格沙
的 Hydentomys 臼齿表现出轻微的双脊型,然 头期的中兽类软食中兽 Hapalodectes 属的
而其他方面却与硅藻鼠类不同。另一个具 一个新种。这是软食中兽在中国古新世地
双脊齿的啮齿类 Dolosimus（新属）产于江 层中的首次发现,也是亚洲格沙头期的第二
苏中始新世,其具有更为发育的双脊齿,特别 种软食中兽。已有的系统学和生物地层学
是臼齿型下牙。新属的不完整记录及其形 证据支持软食中兽属和软食中兽科
态不能解决如下问题：它是否与后来出现 （Hapalodectidae）亚洲起源的观点。软食
的像硅藻鼠类和跃兔类这些具有明显双脊 中兽显然是在古新世-始新世极热事件
齿型颊齿的啮齿类有亲缘关系,或者只是这 （PETM）期间通过白令陆桥扩散到北美大
种形态发育中没有留下后继者的早期试验 陆的,因而符合＂东方伊甸园＂学说中的生
品。 物地理格局。软食中兽有限的（即非欧洲
的）地理分布使得我们可以重建该属生物
2011010444 地理学历史。如同软食中兽一样的＂东方

133
伊甸园＂式的扩散模式,可以看作是大的环
境变化事件导致多个支系产生相似的系统
学和生物地理学分布格局的生物地理扩散
机制。严格地检查了所谓的在古新世-始新
世界线上或其附近的与＂东方伊甸园＂模
式相矛盾的大陆间哺乳动物扩散事例,结果
发现这些例子都是不可靠的。＂东方伊甸
园＂生物地理学说充分解释了 PETM 时期
哺乳动物群更替以及劳亚古陆哺乳动物地
理分布格局的成因。
2011010446
中国内蒙古最早始新世最早期的新啮齿类
化石 = New Rodents From The Earliest Eo-
cene Of Nei Mongol,China. (英文). 李传夔;
孟津. 古脊椎动物学报, 2010, 48(4): 390-401
描述了内蒙古二连盆地伯姆巴期
Gomphos 层的啮齿类新材料并命名了一个
新属种：周氏原鼠（Yuanomys zhoui）。新
属种与其他早始新世的梳趾鼠区别在于颊
齿具有纤细且孤立的齿尖和小尖,前尖与后
尖横向延伸,面对三角座盆的齿尖面陡直。
这 些 特 征 在 一 定 程 度 上 与 alagomyids 类
似。依据古地磁与生物地层对比,这些啮齿
类的出现表明,现代类型的啮齿类最早的辐
射演化,很可能位于中古新世到最早始新世
这个时间段中。
2011010447
哺乳动物的缺失和新西兰草地的演化 =
Absence of mammals and the evolution of
New Zealand grasses. (英文). Antonelli1 A;
Humphreys A M; Lee W G; Linder H P. Pro-
ceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological
Sciences, 2011, 278(1706): 695-701
Anthropogenic alteration of biotic distribu-
tions and disturbance regimes has dramatically
changed the evolutionary context for the dif-
ferentiation of species traits. Some of the most
striking examples in recent centuries have
been on islands where flightless birds, which
evolved in the absence of mammalian carni-
vores, have been decimated following the
widespread introduction of exotic predators.
Until now, no equivalent case has been re-
ported for plants. Here, we make use of robust
analytical tools and an exceptionally well-
sampled molecular phylogeny to show that a
majority of New Zealand danthonioid grasses
(Poaceae) may have adapted to the relaxed
vertebrate herbivore pressure during the late
Cenozoic through the development of a dis-
tinctive and unusual habit: abscission of old
leaves. This feature occurs in only about 3 per
cent of the world's roughly 11 000 grass spe-
cies and has been empirically shown to in-
crease plant productivity but to reduce protec-
tion against mammal grazing. This result sug-
gests that release from a selective pressure can
lead to species radiations. This seemingly
anachronistic adaptation may represent an
overlooked factor contributing to the severe
decline in the geographical extent and species
diversity of New Zealand's indigenous grass-
lands following the introduction of herbivo-
rous terrestrial mammals in the 19th century.
2011010448
哺乳动物中绝灭的监测能力和再发现的相
互关系 = Correlates of rediscovery and the
detectability of extinction in mammals. (英文).
Fisher D O; Blomberg S P. Proceedings of the
Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2011,
278(1708): 1090-1097
Extinction is difficult to detect, even in
well-known taxa such as mammals. Species
with long gaps in their sighting records, which
might be considered possibly extinct, are often
rediscovered. We used data on rediscovery
rates of missing mammals to test whether ex-
tinction from different causes is equally de-
tectable and to find which traits affect the
probability of rediscovery. We find that spe-
cies affected by habitat loss were much more
likely to be misclassified as extinct or to re-
main missing than those affected by intro-
duced predators and diseases, or overkill,
unless they had very restricted distributions.
We conclude that extinctions owing to habitat
loss are most difficult to detect; hence, im-
pacts of habitat loss on extinction have proba-
bly been overestimated, especially relative to
introduced species. It is most likely that the
highest rates of rediscovery will come from
searching for species that have gone missing
during the 20th century and have relatively
large ranges threatened by habitat loss, rather
than from additional effort focused on charis-
matic missing species.
2011010449
西班牙 Barranc de Can Vila 1 地区中新世
含人化石产地中的啮齿类和兔形类化石 =
Rodents and lagomorphs from the Middle
Miocene hominoid-bearing site of Barranc de
Can Vila 1 (els Hostalets de Pierola, Catalonia,
Spain). (英文). Casanovas-Vilar I; Angelone
C; Alba D M; Moya-Sola S; Kohler M;
Galindo J. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie u.
Palaontologie / Abhandlungen, 2010, 257(3):
297-315
134
 In this paper the rodents and lagomorphs
are described. The faunal list includes
Prolagus oeningensis, Spermophilinus bredai,
Miopetaurista cf. crusafonti, Glirudinus undo-
sus. The rodentfauna of BCV 1 is diverse and
includes a number of forest-dwelling genera
indicating the existence of humid forest envi-
ronments. The assemblage is very similar to
that of other primate-bearing sites of the
Valles-Penedes Basin and markedly contrasts
with that of similarly-aged sites from nearby
areassuch as the Calatayud-Daroca Basin.
This suggests that this kind of environments,
wihich appear to have been the favoured ones
by great apes and pliopithecids, did not extent
to the inner areas of the Iberian Peninsula.
2011010450
西班牙 Bierzo 盆地下渐新统啮齿目 = Ro-
dents from the Lower Oligocene of the Bierzo
Basin (Leon, Spain). (英文). Freudenthal M;
Martin-Suarez E; Carballo N H; Rodriguez-
Fernandez L R; gonzalez F M. Neues Jahr-
buch fur Geologie u. Palaontologie / Abhand-
lungen, 2010, 257(3): 317-340
Two new fossiliferous localities between
Fresnedo and Tombrio de Arriba in the Bierzo
Basin permit such a dating for the first time.
The fossil rodent collection from REY 1, in-
cludes Issiodoromys bergidensis sp. nov., Pro-
techimys cf. truci, Pseudocricetodon simplex,
and Gliravus majori. Its age is late Early Oli-
gocene (MP24). The second locality, REY 3B,
contains Issiodoromys minor, Protechimys cf.
gracilis, Allocricetodon sp. no., Pseudocrice-
todon simplex, Heterocricetodon aff.
schlosseri, and Oligodyromys planus. Its age
is lates Early Oligocene age (MP25).
2011010451
内蒙古四子王旗晚中新世哺乳动物群的发
现及其古动物地理的意义 = Discovery of a
Late Miocene mammalian fauna from Sizi-
wang Banner, Inner Mongolia, and its paleo-
zoogeographical significance. ( 英 文 ). Deng
Tao; Liang Zhong;Wang ShiQi; Hou SuKuan;
Li Qiang. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2011,
56(6): 526-534
The Wulanhua Fauna (similar to 7 Ma) de-
rives from the basal part of Late Miocene red
clays in Siziwang Banner, Inner Mongolia.
Chinese red clay deposits are rich in fossils of
the Hipparion fauna, and are relatively widely
distributed across Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan,
and Gansu provinces. The Mongolian Plateau
also contains well-developed Neogene depos-
its, especially in central Inner Mongolia,
where a sequence of mammalian faunas has
been identified. The discovery of the Wulan-
hua Fauna provides an important indicator of
the paleogeographical distribution of the Hip-
parion fauna, and this study also contributes to
a better understanding of the climatic and en-
vironmental significance of red clays. Most
forms of the Wulanhua Fauna are the same as
or close to taxa within the Baode Fauna. How-
ever, some forms are slightly more derived
than those of the Baode Fauna, which may
indicate a slightly younger geological age of
about 7 Ma. The components of the Wulanhua
Fauna suggest that the habitat was a typical
steppe and therefore yield direct evidence to
delineate the boundary between the east and
west subregions of the Late Miocene Hip-
parion fauna in North China.
2011010452
对 Galve 地区（特鲁埃尔，西班牙）早白
垩世多尖齿兽类系统分类的重新鉴定 = A
systematic reassessment of Early Cretaceous
multituberculates from Galve (Teruel, Spain).
( 英 文 ). Badiola A; Ignacio C J; Cuenca-
Bescos G. Cretaceous Research, 2011, 32(1):
45-57 6 图版.
This paper includes a systematic reassess-
ment of the Early Cretaceous (late Hauterivian
early Barremian) multituberculate fossils of
Galve (Teruel, Spain), previously studied by
Crusafont-Pairo and Adrover, and Crusafont-
Pairo and Gibert in 1966 and 1976, respec-
tively, as well the study of other unpublished
specimens found in the revised collection of
Institut Catala de Paleontologia (ICP). We
here include for the first time the emended
descriptions and comparisons as well as the
SEM photographs of all the specimens found
in the collection and update the biostrati-
graphic data that they have provided. The
multituberculate fossil assemblage from Calve
comprises at least four taxa: the paulchoffatiid
Gat-veodon nannothus, the eobaatarid Eo-
baatar hispanicus, another eobaatarid or a pos-
sible plagiaulacid, Iberica hahni gen. et sp.
nov., and the pinheirodontid Lavocatia alfam-
brensis. The species Parendotherium herreroi
has been removed from the multituberculate
faunal list of Calve. Another two different
taxa, provisionally classified as Paulchoffatii-
dae indet. and Plagiaulacidae or Eobaataridae
indet. could be added to the list if their valid-
ity can be assessed once more specimen are
found. The presence of more than four differ-
ent "plagiaulacidan" multituberculate taxa in
the late Hauterivian early Barremian of the
135
Calve area suggests a high biodiversity of
these mammal faunas in the Early Cretaceous
age of the Iberian Peninsula.
2011010453
蒙古晚始新世 Ergilin Dzo 组石炭兽类偶蹄
动物的新标本 = New specimens of anthra-
cotheriid artiodactyls from the upper Eocene
Ergilin Dzo Formation of Mongolia. (英文).
Tsubamoto T; Tsogtbaatar K. Paleontological
Research, 2008, 12(4): 371-386
We describe fossil specimens of two taxa of
anthracotheriid artiodactyls (Mammalia) dis-
covered in the upper Eocene Ergilin Dzo For-
mation of southeastern Mongolia and briefly
review the late Eocene anthracotheriids of
northern East Asia. The specimens described
here are: (1) an upper molar, an astragalus,
and a calcaneum of a small bunodont anthra-
cotheriid; and (2) upper and lower postcanine
dentitions, an astragalus, and a distal tibia of a
Bothriodon/aepinacodon-like selenodont an-
thracotheriid. This paper provides the first
description and figures of the Anthracotherii-
dae from the formation, which were hitherto
poorly understood. The anthracotheriid fauna
of the formation currently consists of two spe-
cies, an indeterminate bunodont anthra-
cotheriid and cf. Bothriodon sp. This is the
first discovery of a bunodont anthracotheriid
in the late Eocene of the northern part of East
Asia. The anthracotheriids are mainly repre-
sented by selenodont and bunoselenodont spe-
cies and are rare faunal elements in the late
Eocene of northern East Asia; in contrast, they
are mainly represented by bunodont and bun-
oselenodont species and are predominant fau-
nal elements in the late Eocene of southern
East Asia. This implies a paleobiogeographi-
cal separation between the northern and the
southern parts of East Asia during the late Eo-
cene.
2011010454
日本西部九洲北部 Matsugae 洞穴沉积中新
的中更新世食肉目鼬科 Galictini 属化石 =
New middle Pleistocene Galictini (Mustelidae,
Carnivora) from the Matsugae cave deposits,
northern Kyushu, West Japan. (英文). Ogino
S; Otsuka H. Paleontological Research, 2008,
12(2): 159-166
In the early 20th century, Tokunaga, fol-
lowed by Naora, reported a Middle Pleisto-
cene mammalian fauna from the Matsugae
limestone cave deposits in northern Kyushu,
West Japan. Within this fauna Naora (1968)
described a new extinct species of otter (Lutra
nipponica). Recently, we have identified new,
well preserved dentitions of this mustelid in
their original collection. We suggest that the
definition of L. nipponica given by Naora
should be emended, and that the specimens
belong to a new genus of the tribe Galictini
(Mustelidae, Carnivora), namely, Oriensictis
gen. nov., according to the following charac-
teristics: short muzzle; transversely expanded
P4; and anteroposteriorly expanded M1. The
extinct Chinese otter L. melina (Pei, 1934)
from the Middle Pleistocene cave deposits of
Choukoutien locality 1 is also included in
Oriensictis based on the characteristics of M1
and a short mandible. These two occurrences
of this genus are the first records of East Asian
galictines, and this suggests that the Galictini
might have been extensively distributed over
areas in the Northern Hemisphere until the
Middle Pleistocene.
2011010455
日本西部熊本上白垩统 Mifune 群新的哺乳
动 物 化 石 = Additional mammalian fossils
from the Upper Cretaceous Mifune Group,
Kumamoto, western Japan. (英文). Kusuhashi
N; Ikegami N; Matsuoka H. Paleontological
Research, 2008, 12(2): 199-203
2011010456
埃及早中新世 Wadi Moghra 地区猪科和沙
尼兽科化石 = Suidae and Sanitheriidae from
Wadi Moghra, early Miocene, Egypt. (英文).
Pickford M; Miller E R; El-Barkooky A N.
Acta palaeontologica Polonica, 2010, 55(1):
1-11
The new material greatly improves the
sample size and diversity of suoids known
from North Africa, and includes one species
of Sanitheriidae and three species of Kubano-
choerinae. The Moghra suoid assemblage
most closely resembles that from Gebel Zelten,
Libya, suggesting that at least part of the
Moghra deposits may overlap in time with
part of Zelten, i. e., is equivalent in age to MN
4-5 of the European mammal zonation, or PIII
of the East African one. Information from
suids and sanitheres is consistent with previ-
ous interpretations, that the Moghra depostis
were formed under swampy and littoral pa-
leoenvironmental conditions.
2011010457
缅甸中新世爪兽类的首次纪录 = First record
of a chalicothere from the Miocene of Myan-
mar. ( 英 文 ). Chavasseau O; Chaimanee Y;
136
Coster P; Emonet E-G; Soe A N. Acta palae-
ontologica Polonica, 2010, 55(1): 13-22
The chalicothere, documented by a partial
mandible, was unearthed from the lower por-
tion of the Irrawaddy Formation in the region
of Magway, Central Myanmar. The Burmese
material belongs to an early late Miocene
fauna which recently yielded hominoid re-
mains attributed to Khoratpithecus. The
specimen, which is attributed to a chalicotheri-
ine, does not reliably match with any de-
scribed Miocene Eurasian species of this sub-
family, suggesting the possibility it belongs to
a new taxon. The discovery of a chalicotheri-
ine in the surroundings of Magway contributes
to the hypothesis that closed habitats were an
important component of the paleoenvironment
of Khoratpithecus.
2011010458
古生物学中的林奈二名法: 在哺乳动物啮齿
目啮齿动物实例中的应用 = The Linnaean
binomial nomenclature in palaeontology: Its
use in the case of rodents (Mammalia, Roden-
tia). ( 英 文 ). Vianey-Liaud, M; Gomes-
Rodrigues, H; Michaux, J. Comptes Rendus
Palevol, 2011, 10(2-3): 117-131
Many species concepts have been proposed,
but biologists and palaeontologists can use the
same concept to interpret present and past
biodiversity as well as evolution at the species
level. But the present development of many
disciplines creates the opportunity of recipro-
cal enlightenment of the pictures obtained of
species according to different criteria: mor-
phology, hybridization, and affiliation. Obser-
vations of long (geological) and short (bio-
logical, ecological) time intervals can conse-
quently be more easily integrated. The in-
crease in number of developmental studies is
also an important event for understanding
morphological evolution. In this context, the
present work aims to comment on a few stud-
ies done on rodents (Rodentia, Mammalia),
which successively deal with species recogni-
tion, estimation of past biodiversity, and the
pictures given by fossils of morphological
evolution. (C) 2011 Academie des sciences.
Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights
reserved.
2011010459
中国新疆西北中-上侏罗系石树沟组兽脚类
牙齿化石 = Theropod Teeth from the Middle-
Upper Jurassic Shishugou Formation of
Northwest Xinjiang, China. (英文). Han F;
Clark J; Xu X; Sullivan C; Choiniere J; Hone
D W E. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontol-
ogy, 2011, 31(1): 111-126
Sixteen isolated theropod teeth were dis-
covered in two areas in the upper Middle-
lower Upper Jurassic Shishugou Formation of
the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region,
northwest China. This sample can be divided
on the basis of qualitative features and simple
quantitative metrics into seven tooth morpho-
types, each of which probably represents a
distinct taxon. Three of the morphotypes may
be attributable to theropods already known
from the Shishugou Formation, namely the
alvarezsauroid Haplocheirus and the basal
tetanurans Monolophosaurus and Sinraptor.
The other four morphotypes, however, appear
to represent new taxa, taking the known ther-
opod diversity of the Shishugou Formation
from six species to at least ten. One of the new
taxa is probably a dromaeosaurid. Another
appears to represent a troodontid or a relative
of the potentially troodontid-like Paronycho-
don, itself so far known only from isolated
teeth. Of the remaining two taxa, one appears
to be a basal tetanuran or tyrannosauroid,
whereas the other either belongs to one of
these same groups or represents a ceratosaur.
The probable deinonychosaurian teeth in our
sample are among the oldest fossils known for
this clade, and highlight the diversity of coelu-
rosaurs in the Shishugou Formation.
古 人 类 学
古 人 类 学
2011010460
中旧石器时期地方原始材料状态：法国
Payre 产地石英和石英质的人工制品的技
术和形态功能研究 = Middle Paleolithic local
raw materials status: Technological and mor-
phofunctional studies of quartz and quartzite
artefacts of the site of Payre (MIS 7 and 5,
Ardèche, France). (法文). Moncel M H; Borel
A; De Lombera A; Sala R; Deniaux B.
Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2008, 7(7): 441-451
The results of studies applied to pieces
made of quatrz and quartzite at the site of
Payre (isotopic stages 7 and 5) testify to the
peculiar handling of these stones which were
collected in the neighbourhood of the site and
are little abundant in the assemblages found.
The two rocks were worked outside the cave,
according to techniques similar to those ap-
plied in the case of silex. These observations
concern all the levels of the sequence. The
techno-economic study of the artefacts indi-
cates a handling of these materials that ex-
137
ceeds the strict frame of the site, such as rocks
being often considered as a makeshift com-
plement and little used in the sites of the
Rhone middle valley.
2011010461
阿舍利时代工艺综合体中视觉皮层和对称
出现的进化 = Evolution of the visual cortex
and the emergence of symmetry in the
Acheulean techno-complex. (英文). Hodgson
D. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2009, 8(1): 93-97
Several recent studies have examined hu-
man evolution with reference either to the
symmetry of Acheulean tools or brain struc-
ture but although these investigations have
been informative they have not generally
taken into account the psychology of percep-
tion in relation to recent insights into neural
pathways of the visual brain. Similarly, the
interest in symmetry has largely been re-
stricted to understanding tool morphology that
has ignored research on how this property
might be processed by the brain that could
help provide new insights into cognitive evo-
lution. The purpose of this paper is therefore
to bring these diverse approaches together in
an effort to assimilate the various findings so
that a fuller understanding of the cognitive
profile of hominins during the early to Middle
Pleistocene can be achieved.
2011010462
利用基于芯片的序列捕获技术对尼安德特
人的基因组进行靶向研究 = Targeted Inves-
tigation of the Neandertal Genome by Array-
Based Sequence Capture. (英文). Burbano H
A; Hodges E; Green R E; Briggs A W; Krause
J; Meyer M; Good J M; Maricic T; Johnson
PLF; Xuan Z Y; Rooks M; Bhattacharjee A;
Brizuela L; Albert F W; de la Rasilla M;
Fortea J; Rosas A; Lachmann M; Hannon G J;
Paabo S. Science, 2010, 328(5979): 723-725 2
图版.
It is now possible to perform whole-genome
shotgun sequencing as well as capture of spe-
cific genomic regions for extinct organisms.
However, targeted resequencing of large parts
of nuclear genomes has yet to be demonstrated
for ancient DNA. Here we show that hybridi-
zation capture on microarrays can successfully
recover more than a megabase of target re-
gions from Neandertal DNA even in the pres-
ence of similar to 99.8% microbial DNA. Us-
ing this approach, we have sequenced similar
to 14,000 protein-coding positions inferred to
have changed on the human lineage since the
last common ancestor shared with chimpan-
zees. By generating the sequence of one Ne-
andertal and 50 present-day humans at these
positions, we have identified 88 amino acid
substitutions that have become fixed in hu-
mans since our divergence from the Neander-
tals.
2011010463
以色列 Gesher Benot Ya'aqov 遗址古人类
活动的空间结构 = Spatial Organization of
Hominin Activities at Gesher Benot Ya'aqov,
Israel. ( 英 文 ). Alperson-Afil N; Sharon G;
Kislev M; Melamed Y; Zohar I; Ashkenazi S;
Rabinovich R; Biton R; Werker E; Hartman G;
Feibel C; Goren-Inbar N. Science, 2009,
326(5965): 1677-1680
The spatial designation of discrete areas for
different activities reflects formalized concep-
tualization of a living space. The results of
spatial analyses of a Middle Pleistocene
Acheulian archaeological horizon ( about
750,000 years ago) at Gesher Benot Ya'aqov,
Israel, indicate that hominins differentiated
their activities (stone knapping, tool use, floral
and faunal processing and consumption)
across space. These were organized in two
main areas, including multiple activities
around a hearth. The diversity of human ac-
tivities and the distinctive patterning with
which they are organized implies advanced
organizational skills of the Gesher Benot
Ya'aqov hominins.
2011010464
中石器时代莫桑比克草籽消耗 = Mozambi-
can Grass Seed Consumption During the Mid-
dle Stone Age. ( 英 文 ). Mercader J. Sci-
ence, 2009, 326(5960): 1680-1683
The role of starchy plants in early hominin
diets and when the culinary processing of
starches began have been difficult to track
archaeologically. Seed collecting is conven-
tionally perceived to have been an irrelevant
activity among the Pleistocene foragers of
southern Africa, on the grounds of both tech-
nological difficulty in the processing of grains
and the belief that roots, fruits, and nuts, not
cereals, were the basis for subsistence for the
past 100,000 years and further back in time. A
large assemblage of starch granules has been
retrieved from the surfaces of Middle Stone
Age stone tools from Mozambique, showing
that early Homo sapiens relied on grass seeds
starting at least 105,000 years ago, including
those of sorghum grasses.
138
 2011010465
人类演化：正餐吃什么？研究人员探索人
类 祖 先 的 答 案 = HUMAN EVOLUTION
What's for Dinner? Researchers Seek Our An-
cestors' Answers. ( 英 文 ). Gibbons A. Sci-
ence, 2009, 326(5959): 1478-1479
Sixteen researchers from multiple disci-
plines chewed on the question of whether
there is an ideal diet for humans as part of a
recent workshop on evolution and modern
diseases. Those focusing on diet hoped to test
the common belief that diseases such as obe-
sity, diabetes, and high blood pressure arise
because our bodies are poorly adapted to the
modern diet, rich in fat, sugar, and salt. After
comparing emerging evidence from ancient
humans and diverse modern cultures, the re-
searchers concluded that many factors—
including genes, sex, ancestry, and fetal and
childhood conditions—influence how we di-
gest foods and store fat. Physiological stress in
mothers can leave lingering imprints on de-
scendants for generations. So although it's true
that humans evolved to eat a diet relatively
high in protein and low in carbohydrates and
fat, there's no single Paleolithic prescription
for better health.
2011010466
绿色沙漠的迹象：以色列 Shivta 地区附近
拜占庭式鸽房的考古植物学遗迹的初步研
究 = Signs from a green desert: a preliminary
examination of the archaeobotanical remains
from a Byzantine dovecote near Shivta, Israel.
(英文). Ramsay J; Tepper Y. Vegetation His-
tory and Archaeobotany, 2010, 19(3): 235-
242 12 图版.
This paper presents a preliminary examina-
tion of archaeobotanical material from pigeon
dung samples obtained from Byzantine period
destruction levels of a dovecote near the site
of Shivta, Israel. Such pigeon dung was a
valuable fertilizer in antiquity and would not
have been abandoned without a reason. The
plant remains from the dung provide direct
evidence of pigeon diet and the local envi-
ronment during the Byzantine period. Eleven
plant taxa, represented by either seeds and/or
plant parts (cereal chaff material), including
five wild taxa, one legume, four fruit/nut taxa
and several unidentified seed fragments were
recovered. The most common seeds found
were from weeds of the genus Thymelaea sp.,
and Ficus (fig). The finds indicate that the
birds in the dovecote consumed a mixed diet
of wild seeds including Thymelaea sp. and
Fumaria sp. (fumitory), and small fruits of
Vitis (grape), Ficus (fig), Olea (olive) and
Phoenix (date). The sample analyzed also in-
cluded Rumex (dock), Carex (sedge) and An-
drosace which may not have come from the
feed. Apparently the pigeons were free to for-
age in the desert, the fallowed fields and re-
fuse piles or/and were intentionally fed agri-
cultural by-products including wild plants.
2011010467
中更新世晚期古人类获取动物资源的几种
不同的方法：西班牙巴伦西亚 Bolomor 洞
穴 XII 层的实例 = Several different strate-
gies for obtaining animal resources in the late
Middle Pleistocene: The case of level XII at
Bolomor Cave (Valencia, Spain). ( 英 文 ).
Blasco R; Peris J F; Rosell J. Comptes Rendus
Palevol, 2010, 9(4): 171-184
Bolomor Cave, located in Tavernes de la
Valldigna (Valencia, Spain), contains a sedi-
mentary deposit composed of seventeen strati-
graphic levels ranging from MIS 9 to MIS 5e.
This extensive sequence allows us to ask dif-
ferent questions about how the human groups
of this chronological period related to their
environment. We report several different
strategies by which animal resources were
obtained from level XII faunal assemblage
(MIS 6). These practices range from scaveng-
ing to the complex hunting techniques, such as
multiple predation. This practice is inferred in
the case of horses (Equus ferus) on the basis
of: (1) the proportional representation of
skeletal elements (elements with high marrow
content, such as stylopodials and zeugopo-
dials); (2) age at death of these animals (from
infantile to advanced adult); (3) the position
and function of cutmarks and toothmarks
(mainly oblique and longitudinal incisions on
limb bones diaphyses); (4) archaeostrati-
graphic distribution of their remains in the
assemblage; and (5) presence of refits among
the bones located at this archaeostratigraphical
line. Evidence of anthropogenic processing of
small prey (Oryctolagus cuniculus and Cygnus
olor) is also identified at level XII. These dis-
coveries imply the development of techniques
different from those used to capture large and
medium ungulates. From this perspective, a
variety of strategies to obtain animal food can
be documented at Bolomor Cave. This phe-
nomenon can be related to the highly adaptive
subsistence strategies of these hominids, who
could take advantage of the benefits offered
by a diverse and rich environment. In general,
the aim of this study is to provide data about
139
the subsistence strategies of human groups
from Bolomor Cave and contribute to knowl-
edge about the human groups’ way of life of
in the late Middle Pleistocene.
2011010468
法国地中海地区晚 Mousterian 期新资料：
圣马塞兰洞穴（阿尔代什）第一个放射性
碳(AMS)数据 = New data on the Late Mous-
terian in Mediterranean France: First radiocar-
bon (AMS) dates at Saint-Marcel Cave
(Ardèche). (英文). Szmidt C C; Moncel M-H;
Daujeard C. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2010,
9(4): 185-199
This article presents new accelerator mass
spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dates of
cutmarked ungulate remains from one of the
uppermost archaeological layers (f) at the
Grotte de Saint-Marcel, Ardèche, France. This
site is situated in a key location regarding
population dispersal and potential interaction
between Neanderthals and modern humans, as
it lies at the crossroads of two main routes of
passage. Attributing the upper sequence of this
site to a precise chronological period within
the Mousterian was difficult until now. Previ-
ous conventional 14C analyses done on bulk
samples over twenty years ago were consid-
ered too young (23,000–30,000 BP). Our new
AMS radiocarbon results give two statistically
identical dates of 37,850 ± 550 BP and
37,850 ± 600 BP, thus confirming the Late
Mousterian attribution of the upper levels of
this site. A third date overlaps them at two
standard deviations. These are among the very
few chronometric dates available for the
Mousterian (especially its late phases) in
Mediterranean France. The Late Mousterian
of this zone, a key region in recent debates
about late Neanderthal behaviour, is discussed
in light of these results.
2011010469
关于亚高山带地貌演化为人类活动的结果
的实例 = An example of the consequences of
human activities on the evolution of subalpine
landscapes. (英文). David F. Comptes Rendus
Palevol, 2010, 9(5): 229-235
A pollen study at Survilly (2235m asl, 06°
49′ 12″ E, 45° 59′ 24″ N), a small peatbog
located on the Anterne mountain (Upper-Arve
Valley, French north-western Alps) highlights
the local role of human activities in Holocene
vegetation dynamics of the currently treeless
subalpine belt and the consecutive resumption
of erosion. As early as 8890 cal. years BP
(± 122), Pinus cembra grew close to the site.
Grasslands without shrubs were established at
around 4624 ± 86 cal. years BP. Due to human
activities, spruces extended little after 3600
cal. BP. The intense grazing that resulted in
the current alpine meadows goes back to 1436
cal. years BP (± 81). After 4624 cal. BP three
clay layers show that from this period, the
erosion became as active as during the first
steps of the colonization of the vegetation
prior to 10,050 cal. BP. During peat growth
only a millimetre of clay at the end of the
9400–9050 cal. BP climatic event was re-
corded.
2011010470
阿尔及利亚 Tighenif 地区中更新世早期人
类脱落臼齿组织比例和珐琅质厚度分布 =
Tissue proportions and enamel thickness dis-
tribution in the early Middle Pleistocene hu-
man deciduous molars from Tighenif, Algeria.
(英文). Zanollia C; Baylea P; Macchiarellia R.
Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2010, 9(6-7): 341-
348
The present study of three human upper
deciduous molars from the early Middle Pleis-
tocene site of Tighenif, Algeria, constitutes
the first microtomographic-based endostruc-
tural exploration of African fossil teeth likely
representative of the Homo heidelbergensis
morph. Comparative morphological observa-
tions and 2-3D measurements describing sub-
tle tooth organization (crown tissue propor-
tions) and enamel thickness topography (site-
specific distribution and global patterning)
indicate that their virtual extracted structural
signature better fits the modern human, rather
than the Neanderthal condition. Accordingly,
we predict that the inner structural morphol-
ogy of the deciduous molars from the Middle
Pleistocene western European series better fits
the primitive, and not the derived Neanderthal
figures
2011010471
高分辨率微层面 X 线照相术显示灵长类胫
骨平台的内部构造变化：对化石运动器官
行为的重建意义 = The inner structural varia-
tion of the primate tibial plateau characterized
by high-resolution microtomography. Implica-
tions for the reconstruction of fossil locomotor
behaviours. (英文). Mazuriera A; Nakatsukasa
M; Macchiarellic R. Comptes Rendus
Palevol, 2010, 9(6-7): 349-359
Within the limits imposed by a variety of
developmental and rheological constraints,
140
cortical bone adapts to biomechanical loads by
partial alteration of its shape, mass and (mi-
cro)structure. As bone thickness variation lo-
cally reflects the nature, direction, frequency,
and magnitude of such loads, some locomo-
tion-related differences are expected in the
structural organization of the primate tibial
plateau. Here we summarize the results from
the first microtomographic-based (SR-μCT)
extensive analysis of the topographic variation
of the cortico-trabecular complex underlying
the adult tibial plateau in a number of primate
taxa, including Homo. The goals of the study
are: (i) to assess the relationships between
habitual postural/locomotion-related joint
loads and the structural signature recorded by
the cortical shell of the articular plateau by
comparing the evidence from a bipedally-
trained (Sansuke) and a wild Macaca fuscata;
(ii) to assess an “anthropic” (bipedal) pattern;
(iii) to explore the possibility to perform simi-
lar quantitative analyses on fossil specimens.
2011010472
49,000 到 44,000 年前新几内亚高地人类适
应和种植业 = Human Adaptation and Plant
Use in Highland New Guinea 49,000 to
44,000 Years Ago. (英文). Summerhayes G R;
Leavesley M; Fairbairn A; Mandui H; Field J;
Ford A; Fullagar R. Science, 2010, 330(6006):
78-81
After their emergence by 200,000 years
before the present in Africa, modern humans
colonized the globe, reaching Australia and
New Guinea by 40,000 to 50,000 years ago.
Understanding how humans lived and adapted
to the range of environments in these areas has
been difficult because well-preserved settle-
ments are scarce. Data from the New Guinea
Highlands (at an elevation of similar to 2000
meters) demonstrate the exploitation of the
endemic nut Pandanus and yams in archaeo-
logical sites dated to 49,000 to 36,000 years
ago, which are among the oldest human sites
in this region. The sites also contain stone
tools thought to be used to remove trees,
which suggests that the early inhabitants
cleared forest patches to promote the growth
of useful plants.
2011010473
叙利亚 Levant 中部 Bouqaia 盆地晚更新世
和全新世沉积记录：一种地考古学的方法
= Late Pleistocene and Holocene sedimentary
record of the Bouqaia Basin (central Levant,
Syria): A geoarchaeological approach. (英文).
Iriarte E; Balbo A; Sánchez M A; Urquijo J E
G;Ibáñez J J. Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2011,
10(1): 35-47
In this work new data on the archaeological
and palaeoenvironmental evolution of one of
the main foci for the neolithization, the central
Levant region is provided. The study of the
Late Pleistocene and Holocene sedimentary
record of the Bouqaia Basin (Homs Gap, Syria)
makes it possible to define a general strati-
graphical framework for the Late Pleistocene
and Holocene of the studied area. The sedi-
mentological characterization of the identified
fluvio-alluvial sedimentary sequences sug-
gests a Late Pleistocene/Holocene aridifica-
tion phase. Progressive aridification is re-
flected by rapid changes in fluvial sedimen-
tary dynamics that can be ascribed to an in-
creasingly seasonal precipitation pattern com-
bined with lowering precipitation rates. The
integration of sedimentological and archaeo-
logical information from the studied area
shows that palaeoenvironmental changes con-
tributed to differentiate settlement strategies in
the study area.
历史地质学、地层学
综 论
2011010474
解决地质学的基础和应用问题的分带生物
地层 = Zonal biostratigraphy in the solution
of the fundamental and applied problems of
geology. (英文). Gladenkov Yu B. Stratigra-
phy and Geological Correlation, 2010, 18(6):
660-673
The problems of zonal stratigraphy of the
early 21st century are discussed. The great
advances achieved in recent years in using
zones in geological practice are noted. At the
same time, attention is drawn to the controver-
sies existing in the interpretation of the con-
cepts “biostratigraphic zone” and “chrono-
zone,” in the methods of drawing the bounda-
ries of such zones, and in the assessment of
the spatial scale of zones and in the under-
standing of them as stratigraphic units.
古地理学、古气候学
2011010475
PRISM3D 古环境再造 = The PRISM3D pa-
leoenvironmental reconstruction. ( 英 文 ).
Dowsett H; Robinson M; Haywood A;
Salzmann U. Stratigraphy, 2010, 7(2-3): 123-
139
The Pliocene Research, Interpretation and
Synoptic Mapping (PRISM) paleoenviron-
mental reconstruction is an internally consis-
141
tent and comprehensive global synthesis of a
past interval of relatively warm and stable
climate. It is regularly used in model studies
that aim to better understand Pliocene climate,
to improve model performance in future cli-
mate scenarios, and to distinguish model-
dependent climate effects. The PRISM recon-
struction is constantly evolving in order to
incorporate additional geographic sites and
environmental parameters, and is continuously
refined by independent research findings. The
new PRISM three dimensional (3D) recon-
struction differs from previous PRISM recon-
structions in that it includes a subsurface
ocean temperature reconstruction, integrates
geochemical sea surface temperature proxies
to supplement the faunal-based temperature
estimates, and uses numerical models for the
first time to augment fossil data. Here we de-
scribe the components of PRISM3D and de-
scribe new findings specific to the new recon-
struction.
Highlights of the new PRISM3D recon-
struction include removal of Hudson Bay and
the Great Lakes and creation of open water-
ways in locations where the current bedrock
elevation is less than 25m above modem sea
level, due lathe removal of the West Antarctic
Ice Sheet and the reduction of the East Antarc-
tic Ice Sheet. The mid-Piacenzian oceans were
characterized by a reduced east-west tempera-
ture gradient in the equatorial Pacific, but
PRISM3D data do not imply permanent El
Nino conditions. The reduced equator-to-pole
temperature gradient that characterized previ-
ous PRISM reconstructions is supported by
significant displacement of vegetation belts
toward the poles, is extended into the Arctic
Ocean, and is confirmed by multiple proxies
in PRISM3D. Arctic warmth coupled with
increased dryness suggests the formation of
warm and salty paleo North Atlantic Deep
Water (NADW) and a more vigorous thermo-
haline circulation system that may have pro-
vided the enhanced ocean heat transport nec-
essary to move warm surface water to the Arc-
tic. New deep,ocean temperature data also
suggests greater warmth and further south-
ward penetration of paleo NADW.
2011010476
上 新 世 气 候 = Pliocene Climate. ( 英 文 ).
Dowsett H J; Gill R P C. Stratigraphy, 2010,
7(2-3): 106-110
前 古 生 界
2011010477
校 准 成 冰 纪 = Calibrating the Cryogenian.
(英文). Macdonald F A; Schmitz M D; Crow-
ley J L; Roots C F; Jones D S; Maloof A C;
Strauss J V; Cohen PA ; Johnston D T; Schrag
D P. Science, 2010, 327(5970): 1241-1243
The Neoproterozoic was an era of great
environmental and biological change, but a
paucity of direct and precise age constraints
on strata from this time has prevented the
complete integration of these records. We pre-
sent four high-precision U-Pb ages for Neo-
proterozoic rocks in northwestern Canada that
constrain large perturbations in the carbon
cycle, a major diversification and depletion in
the microfossil record, and the onset of the
Sturtian glaciation. A volcanic tuff interbed-
ded with Sturtian glacial deposits, dated at
716.5 million years ago, is synchronous with
the age of the Franklin large igneous province
and paleomagnetic poles that pin Laurentia to
an equatorial position. Ice was therefore
grounded below sea level at very low paleo-
latitudes, which implies that the Sturtian gla-
ciation was global in extent.
2011010478
西 伯 利 亚 地 台 南 部 文 德 系 Nemakit-
Daldynian 阶生物地层新资料 = New data
on biostratigraphy of the Vendian Nemakit-
Daldynian stage in the southern Siberian plat-
form. (英文). Kochnev B B; Karlova G A.
Stratigraphy and Geological Correla-
tion, 2010, 18(5): 492-504
New paleontological finds in sediments of
the Upper Vendian Nemakit-Dadynian Stage
from different areas of the southern Siberian
Platforms (Yenisei Range, Sayany region,
central areas, Patom Highland) are discussed.
The base of the Lower Cambrian Tommotian
Stage ( 540 Ma) is established at the first
appearance level of characteristic small-
shelled fossils in the western part of the Patom
Highland. This boundary coincides with the
episode of a brief sea-level fall and enhanced
terrigenous sedimentation in the basin with
dominant carbonate sediment deposition. The
base of the Purella antiqua Zone (544 Ma),
which is registered by paleontological data in
the Yenisei Range sections, is marked by the
replacement of terrigenous sedimentation by
the carbonate one. In the northwestern Yenisei
Range, this boundary coincides, in addition,
with a major hiatus and subsequent paleobasin
extension. The base of the Nemakit-Daldynian
Stage (base of the Anabarites trisulcatus Zone,
550 Ma) in most sections corresponds to the
onset of sea transgression. In addition to
142
small-shelled remains, sediments of this zone
contain characteristic ichnofossils and Vendo-
taenia flora. It is shown that defined bounda-
ries are traceable through the entire southern
part of the Siberian Platform. This makes
them useful for wider stratigraphic interpreta-
tions.
2011010479
西伯利亚东部下文德统微体化石组合：解
决区域地层问题的意义 = Lower Vendian
microfossil assemblages of East Siberia: Sig-
nificance for solving regional stratigraphic
problems. ( 英 文 ). Golubkova E Yu;
Raevskaya E G; Kuznetsov A B. Stratigraphy
and Geological Correlation, 2010, 18(4): 353-
375
Both published and original data are used
for the analysis of the stratigraphic position
and taxonomic characteristics for acantho-
morphic microfossils of the Pertatataka type in
Lower Vendian sediments of the central and
southeastern Siberian Platform and its sur-
rounding structures. Four taxonomically dif-
ferent microbiotas are distinguished in sec-
tions of the Nepa-Botuoba, Fore-Patom;
Syugdzher, Anabar, Zhuya-Lena, and Bere-
zovo lithotectonic zones: two diverse (Nepa
and Ura) and two impoverished (Otradnino
and Torga) each including diagnostic Early
Vendian taxa. Beyond the Siberian Platform,
genera and species characterizing these mi-
crobiotas occur in single assemblages and rep-
resent diagnostic taxa of the second (Tc-Sr-Vl)
and third (Ti-Cg-Mp) zones of the acritarch
scale proposed by Australian geologists as a
biostratigraphic basis for subdividing the
Ediacarian of the Standard stratigraphic scale
(SSS). In the Russian General stratigraphic
scale, the distribution of Pertatataka acritarchs
corresponds to the Lower Vendian. The ap-
pearance and mass development of acantho-
morphic microorganisms represents a global
biological event, which should be taken into
consideration as a biostratigraphic criterion for
defining the Vendian System. For substantiat-
ing age, the following species among diagnos-
tic Lower Vendian forms of East Siberia
should be used: Appendisphaera grandis,
“Appendisphaera” tabifica, A. tenuis, Cera-
tosphaeridium glaberosum, Dicro-
spinosphaera virgata, Multifronsphaeridium
pelorium, “Polygonium” cratum, Tanarium
conoideum, Variomargosphaeridium lito-
schum, and Talakania obscura. These taxa are
readily recognizable, morphologically stable,
and characterized by their wide lateral distri-
bution and relatively narrow stratigraphic
range. Their occurrence in the upper part of
the Dal’nyaya Taiga Group of the Baikal-
Patom region indicates that host sediments
should be attributed to the Lower Vendian, not
the Upper Riphean as is currently accepted.
2011010480
艾迪卡拉期末期（Gaskiers 之后）冰期和
后生动物起源的放射性同位素和地层学研
究 = Radiometric and stratigraphic constraints
on terminal Ediacaran (post-Gaskiers) glacia-
tion and metazoan evolution. (英文). Hebert C
L; Kaufman AJ; Penniston-Dorland SC; Mar-
tin A J. Precambrian Research, 2010, 182(4):
402-412 8 图版.
Radiometric constraints on mid-Ediacaran
Period glaciation (Gaskiers) in Newfoundland
narrowed the known temporal gap between
widespread ice ages and the evolution of com-
plex metazoans to several million years. To
further evaluate this claim we studied an Edia-
caran glacial diamictite at the base of the Fau-
quier Formation of northern Virginia, and dis-
covered a conformable relationship between
the post-glacial cap carbonate and overlying
volcanic rocks of the Catoctin Formation.
U/Pb zircon age constraints for the rift-related
volcanic flows suggest initial emplacement
around 571 million years ago. Application of
the Catoctin age to the Fauquier succession
indicates the occurrence of an ice age about 10
million years younger than the 582 Ma Gaski-
ers event, supporting the view of multiple
Ediacaran Period glaciations. Furthermore, the
age constraint from eastern Laurentia falls
within radiometric uncertainty of fossiliferous
strata in Avalonia, indicating that the Fauquier
glaciation was coincident with early metazoan
evolution.
2011010481
纳米比亚北部奥塔维群 Rasthof 组 Sturtian
期盖帽碳酸岩的微生物相 = Microbial facies
in a Sturtian cap carbonate, the Rasthof For-
mation, Otavi Group, northern Namibia. (英
文). Pruss S B; Bosak T; Macdonald F A;
McLane M; Hoffman P F. Precambrian Re-
search, 2010, 181(1-4): 187-198 9 图版.
Microbial structures in Neoproterozoic cap
carbonates record the environmental processes
present in the aftermath of global glaciation.
The Rasthof Formation of northern Namibia is
a unique carbonate depositional sequence that
formed during post-glacial transgression and
highstand following the Chuos glaciation.
143
Carbon isotope profiles from four examined
localities reveal that onlap was diachronous
over post-glacial, syn-rift topography. The
lower Rasthof Formation consists primarily of
dark gray thinly (<mm) and thickly (1-4 mm)
laminated microbialites that exhibit different
rheological responses to the emplacement of
syndepositional dikes. The thinly laminated
microbialaminite facies commonly host cm-
sized syndepositional folds of microbially
laminated sediment called roll-up structures.
In more thickly laminated facies, layers are
deformed into broad decimeter-sized folds,
but roll-up structures are absent. Large synde-
positional carbonate clastic dikes (0.5-1 m
wide) and smaller veins (0.1-0.5 m) cut across
bedding in both the thinly and thickly lami-
nated facies, but are conspicuously absent
from underlying and overlying beds. These
carbonate clastic dikes and veins contain con-
voluted microbial mats and abundant marine
cements. The lack of evidence for wave action
or current scouring in the form of bedforms,
scour marks, or intraclasts indicates that these
microbialaminites formed below storm wave
base. The close spatial association of deep-
water microbialaminite facies in the Rasthof
cap carbonate with carbonate clastic dikes
suggests that the emplacement of dikes pro-
duced both dm-sized broad folds and cm-scale
laterally discontinuous roll-up structures. The
emplacement of the dikes, most likely due to
the release of fluids into incompletely lithified
mats, deformed cement-rich thick laminites
into broad folds, while thinly laminated and
more slowly lithifying mats were rolled into
roll-up structures. Micro-bialaminite facies in
the Rasthof cap carbonate thus not only reflect
the depositional and environmental processes
that operated in the aftermath of the Sturtian
glaciation, but may also provide clues for the
formation of roll-up structures found in even
older Precambrian carbonates.
2011010482
加利福尼亚死谷地区艾迪卡拉纪 Johnnie
组 Rainstorm 段巨大鲕粒岩的沉积学、成
岩 作 用 和 地 层 分 布 = Sedimentology,
diagenesis, and stratigraphic occurrence of
giant ooids in the Ediacaran Rainstorm Mem-
ber, Johnnie Formation, Death Valley region,
California. (英文). Trower, E J; Grotzinger J P.
Precambrian Research, 2010, 180(1-2): 113-
124 6 图版.
The Rainstorm Member of the late Neopro-
terozoic Johnnie Formation contains several
distinctive features of possibly regional to
global significance-the Johnnie Oolite, an in-
cised valley with a carbonate breccia fill, and
an enigmatic bed of giant ooids (the Rain-
storm giant ooids). Although the Johnnie
Oolite and the incised valley occur in most
Johnnie Formation outcrops scattered
throughout the Death Valley region, the giant
ooids have only been observed in one area,
restricted to the southern Nopah Range. If
these giant ooids were deposited as part of the
Rainstorm Member, they would represent the
youngest known occurrence of Neoprotero-
zoic giant ooids and the only such unit depos-
ited after the last Precambrian glaciation (the
Gaskiers). However, since the giant ooid bed
is associated with the incised valley fill, it
could simply be a large block of oolite derived
from the stratigraphically lower Beck Spring
Dolomite, known to contain giant ooids. This
study uses mapping, petrography, and isotope
geochemistry to compare giant ooids from the
Rainstorm Member and the Beck Spring
Dolomite, with the goal of determining the
provenance of the Rainstorm giant ooids. All
lines of evidence suggest that the Rainstorm
giant ooids form a unit distinctly different
from those of the Beck Spring Dolomite. Car-
bon isotope values from the ooid bed indicate
that it was probably deposited after the
Shuram delta C-13 excursion, making this the
youngest known Precambrian giant ooid unit.
The most plausible explanation for this bed is
that it is a raft derived from a so far unob-
served pre-incision Rainstorm Member giant
ooid bed, which would also have been the
source of many of the giant ooid clasts in the
incision breccia.
2011010483
西澳古元古代晚期 Duck Creek 组地球生物
学 = Geobiology of the late Paleoproterozoic
Duck Creek Formation, Western Australia.
(英文). Wilson J P; Fischer W W; Johnston D
T; Knoll A H; Grotzinger J P; Walter M R;
McNaughton N J ; Simon M; Abelson J;
Schrag D P; Summons R; Allwood A ; Andres
M; Gammon C; Garvin J; Rashby S ;
Schweizer M; Watters W A. Precambrian
Research, 2010, 179(1-4): 135-149 11 图版.
The ca. 1.8 Ga Duck Creek Formation,
Western Australia, preserves 1000 m of car-
bonates and minor iron formation that accu-
mulated along a late Paleoproterozoic ocean
margin. Two upward-deepening stratigraphic
packages are preserved, each characterized by
peritidal precipitates at the base and iron for-
mation and carbonate turbidites in its upper
144
part. Consistent with recent studies of Neoar-
chean basins, carbon isotope ratios of Duck
Creek carbonates show no evidence for a
strong isotopic depth gradient, but carbonate
minerals in iron formations can be markedly
depleted in C-13. In contrast, oxygen isotopes
covary strongly with depth; delta O-18 values
as positive as 2%. VPDB in peritidal facies
systematically decline to values of 6 to 16% in
basinal rocks, reflecting, we posit, the timing
of diagenetic closure. The Duck Creek Forma-
tion contains microfossils similar to those of
the Gunflint Formation, Canada; they are re-
stricted to early diagenetic cherts developed in
basinal facies, strengthening the hypothesis
that such fossils capture communities driven
by iron metabolism. Indeed, X-ray diffraction
data indicate that the Duck Creek basin was
ferruginous throughout its history. The persis-
tence of ferruginous waters and iron formation
deposition in Western Australia for at least
several tens of millions of years after the tran-
sition to sulfidic conditions in Laurentia sug-
gests that the late Paleoproterozoic expansion
of sulfidic subsurface waters was globally
asynchronous.
2011010484
前寒武纪似微生物的假化石：可能的解决
方案 = Precambrian microbe-like pseudofos-
sils: A promising solution to the problem. (英
文). Schopf J W; Kudryavtsev A B; Sugitani
K; Walter M R. Precambrian Research, 2010,
179(1-4): 191-205 5 图版.
Of various problems that have hindered
progress in documenting the Precambrian his-
tory of life, the difficulty in distinguishing
between bona fide microbial fossils and non-
biological microscopic pseudofossils has been
among the most serious. Though errors in the
interpretation of putative Precambrian fossil
microbes have diminished greatly over recent
years, mistakes continue to be made. We sug-
gest that such errors can be avoided by the use
of a multifaceted strategy based on a specified
series of biologically definitive characteristics
that document the presence of interrelated bio-
logical morphology and biologically derived
chemistry. To illustrate this promising ap-
proach, we use optical microscopy, confocal
laser scanning microscopy, and Raman spec-
troscopy, together, to distinguish between au-
thentic microbial fossils and microscopic
"look-alikes." both coccoidal and filamentous,
rock-embedded in five Proterozoic and two
Archean geological units: bona fide fossils of
the similar to 800 Ma Bitter Springs Forma-
tion of central Australia and similar to 3050
Ma Farrel Quartzite of northwestern Australia;
and objects we regard to be pseudofossils
from the similar to 770 Ma Chanda Limestone
of southern India, similar to 800 Ma Myrtle
Springs Formation of South Australia, similar
to 1020 Ma Lakhanda Formation of southeast-
ern Siberia, similar to 1700 Ma Vempalle
Formation of central India, and similar to
2629 Ma Marra Mamba Iron Formation of
northwestern Australia. The results demon-
strate that no single criterion, by itself, is suf-
ficient to establish the biological origin of
such objects. Instead, as shown here, this
problem appears solvable by the use of an in-
terdisciplinary approach that combines the
data and techniques of geology, biology, and
chemistry.
2011010485
遗迹化石还是实体化石：Oldhamia recta
再讨论 = Trace fossils versus body fossils:
Oldhamia recta revisited. (英文). Tacker R C;
Martin A J; Weaver P G; Lawver D R. Pre-
cambrian Research, 2010, 178(1-4): 43-50 8
图版.
New discoveries in North Carolina's Neo-
proterozoic Carolina Terrane, combined with
a reexamination of the holotype of Oldhamia
recta and other material from the Yale Pea-
body Museum, reveal these specimens as body
fossils of a rod-like organism, rather than
ichnofossils. Close examination of fossils
originally identified as O. recta lack: levees
made by movement of a tracemaker through a
sediment; internal structures indicating back-
filling or fecal material; scratch marks (denot-
ing a recumbent lifestyle); or evidence of peri-
staltic movement. Crossovers of rods in some
instances also indicate rigidity in the fossils.
Most importantly, quantitative analyses indi-
cate Gaussian size distributions and narrow
ranges of alignment for the fossils, with each
respective line of evidence interpreted as body
fossils aligned by currents. Because this newly
discerned evidence favors a body fossil origin
for these specimens, we propose that O. recta
is invalid as an ichnospecies. Our research
supports more quantitative approaches to
augment qualitative descriptions when evalu-
ating whether Ediacaran-age structures are
trace or body fossils.
2011010486
中国西北柴达木盆地新元古代全吉群碳和
硫同位素地球化学地层学：艾迪卡拉冰期
145
之后的盆地水体层化是否在 Shuram 事件
之 后 = Carbon and sulfur isotope
chemostratigraphy of the Neoproterozoic
Quanji Group of the Chaidam Basin, NW
China: Basin stratification in the aftermath of
an Ediacaran glaciation postdating the Shuram
event?. (英文). Shen B; Xiao S H; Zhou C M;
Kaufman A J; Yuan X L. Precambrian Re-
search, 2010, 177(3-4): 241-252 7 图版.
The Neoproterozoic Quanji Group in the
Chaidam Basin, northwest China, consists of,
in ascending order, the Mahuanggou, Ku-
baimu, Shiyingliang, Hongzaoshan, Heitupo,
Hongtiegou, and Zhoujieshan formations. It is
a siliciclastic-dominated sequence with only
two carbonate units, the similar to 300-m-
thick Hongzaoshan dolostone and the similar
to 4-m-thick Zhoujieshan cap dolostone, the
latter of which lies above the Hongtiegou gla-
cial diamictite. In this study, we analyzed the
delta C-13 and delta O-18 of the Hongzaoshan
dolostone and Zhoujieshan cap dolostone, and
the delta S-34(CAS), delta S-34(PY), and
trace element compositions (Fe, Mn, Sr, and S)
of the Zhoujieshan cap dolostone. delta C-13
profile of the Hongzaoshan dolostone shows a
shift from -5%. to 0%.. This shift could be
correlated with a similar shift in the Shuiquan
Formation (<615 +/- 6 Ma) in the Quruqtagh
area of the Tarim Block (NW China), and may
be equivalent to negative delta C-13 excur-
sions in the middle or uppermost Doushantuo
Formation, the latter of which is widely be-
lieved to be correlative with the Shuram nega-
tive delta C-13 excursion. This correlation,
together with available paleontological evi-
dence (fragments of Redkinia from the Hei-
tupo Formation, a genus that also occurs in
similar to 555 Ma successions in the East
European Platform), suggests that the Hong-
tiegou diamictite may represent an Ediacaran
glaciation postdating the Gaskiers glaciation
or occurring near the Precambrian-Cambrian
boundary. The Zhoujieshan cap dolostone is
characterized by positive delta C-13 values
ranging from 0 parts per thousand to +1.7
parts per thousand, in sharp contrast to cap
carbonates overlying the Sturtian and Mari-
noan diamictites. delta S-34(CAS) of the
Zhoujieshan cap dolostone varies strongly
between +13.9 parts per thousand and +24.1
parts per thousand, probably due to relatively
low-sulfate concentration in seawater. delta S-
34(PY) values, however, show a steady in-
crease from +12.9 parts per thousand to +26.4
parts per thousand. Thus, delta S-34(CAS) and
delta S-34(PY) trends are decoupled in the
Zhoujieshan cap dolostone, and the high delta
S-34(PY) values in the upper part of the cap
dolostone indicate inverse sulfur isotope frac-
tionations (delta S-34(CAS) < delta S-34(py)).
The decoupling of delta S-34(CAS) and delta
S-34(PY) suggests that CAS and pyrite were
derived from different sulfur pools (a possible
scenario if the post-glacial Oulongbluq basin
was restricted and stratified) and/or that aero-
bic oxidation of sulfide was intense in the
post-glacial Oulongbluq basin. Published by
Elsevier B.V.
2011010487
加蓬南部（Schisto-Calcaire 亚群，Nyanga
盆地）新元古代的潮汐带周缘蒸发环境 =
A peritidal evaporite environment in the Neo-
proterozoic of South Gabon (Schisto-Calcaire
Subgroup, Nyanga Basin). (英文). Preat A;
Kolo K; Prian J P; Delpomdor F. Precambrian
Research, 2010, 177(3-4): 253-265 7 图版.
The Neoproterozoic (similar to 630 Ma)
Nsc3 or SCIII Formation (Schisto-Calcaire
Subgroup) of the Nyanga Basin is a muddy
peritidal carbonate (dolomite) shelf succession
that is exposed in the old Mouila quarry (Keri
quarry), South Gabon. Its 20 m-thick lower
member is dominated by microbially lami-
nated dolomites and domal stromatolites rep-
resenting shallow subtidal to supratidal envi-
ronments. Abundant pseudomorphs after gyp-
sum and anhydrite relicts indicate carbonate
precipitation in sulphate-rich hypersaline envi-
ronments. Dolomitization of the muddy mi-
crobial sediments probably occurred by the
evaporite reflux of groundwaters. Silica pre-
cipitates constitute the ultimate diagenetic
phase. Dolomites of the NSc3 Formation re-
tain a pattern of oxygenic isotopic variation
that reflects the depositional environment.
Shallow subtidal microbialites and stromato-
lites record the lightest values (delta O-18 = -
5.1 parts per thousand) consistent with the
isotopic values of Neoproterozoic marine wa-
ters whereas strongly dolomitized facies dis-
play heavier oxygen isotope values (delta O-
18 = -1.3 parts per thousand) with the heaviest
values in subaerially exposed caps (enrich-
ment of 3.8 parts per thousand). Fungal hy-
phae and spores have been discovered in these
upper parts.
The delta O-18 pattern through the pluri-
metric recognized sequences (thicknesses
from similar to 2 to similar to 6 m) suggests a
constant exposure in a sabkha-like environ-
ment. Although the timing of the series is
poorly constrained, the C-isotopic values of
146
the Nsc3 carbonates with values of +2 and +3
parts per thousand approximate depositional
conditions. Minor variations in C-isotopes
have been observed.
2011010488
西班牙埃迪卡拉纪末期后生动物管状化石
Cloudina 属 一 新 种 = A new species of
Cloudina from the terminal Ediacaran of
Spain. (英文). Cortijo I; Mus MM; Jensen S;
Palacios T. Precambrian Research, 2010,
176(1-4): 1-10 10 图版.
The terminal Ediacaran genus Cloudina in-
cludes some of the earliest biomineralized
fossils. It consists of a tube formed by stacked
funnel-shaped elements, and is usually inter-
preted as the external skeleton of an early
metazoan. Although a number of species have
been described within this genus, their dis-
tinctiveness remains unclear and they may all
belong to the type species, Cloudina hartman-
nae Germs, 1972. Here we describe the new
species Cloudina carinata, from central Spain.
C. carinata n. sp. has a distinct morphology
characterized by external longitudinal crests,
which confer on the tube an irregular polygo-
nal cross-section. The funnels have a thick-
ened apertural rim and a basal, slightly con-
stricted circular opening. Successive funnels
appear less deeply imbricated than in previ-
ously described material of Cloudina. The
evidence of tube disarticulation in the material
studied, particularly the abundance of loose
funnels, indicates that funnels were secreted as
independent elements, not fused to the previ-
ous ones. However, they could become fused
during the life of the organism through the
precipitation of inorganic cements between
their walls. Several specimens of C. carinata n.
sp. show evidence of asexual reproduction.
2011010489
前寒武纪沉积岩石地球化学用来解决地层
学问题：加纳伏尔特盆地新元古代的例子
= Geochemistry of Precambrian sedimentary
rocks used to solve stratigraphical problems:
An example from the Neoproterozoic Volta
basin, Ghana. ( 英 文 ). Kalsbeek F; Frei R.
Precambrian Research, 2010, 176(1-4): 65-
76 8 图版.
The Neoproterozoic Volta basin of Ghana
(similar to 115,000km(2); depth up to 5-7km)
consists of flat-lying sedimentary rocks,
mainly sandstones that unconformably overlie
the crystalline basement of the West-African
craton. The stratigraphical column has been
subdivided into three main units, in upward
succession the Bombouaka, Oti and Obosum
Groups, but poor exposure has resulted in ma-
jor disagreements on stratigraphical correla-
tions and on the areal extents of these units.
Geochemical data (major and trace element
concentrations as well as Rb-Sr, Pb and Sm-
Nd isotope data) on siltstones and mud-stones,
intercalated with the sandstones from the dif-
ferent units, were used in an attempt to solve
some of these problems. Siltstones and mud-
stones from the Bombouaka Group can be
unequivocally distinguished from similar
rocks from the Oti and Obosum Groups by
higher K2O and Rb, larger Eu anamalies,
higher Sr-87/Sr-86, and more negative epsi-
lon(Nd) values. Geochemical distinction be-
tween samples from the Oti and Obosum
Groups is ambiguous because published geo-
logical maps differ with respect to the relative
extents of the Oti and Obosum Groups. Rb-Sr
isotope data, combined with high degrees of
correlation between the concentrations of K
and Rb, and Ca and Sr, indicate that mobility
of these elements did not significantly change
their concentrations during surface weathering.
The clear geochemical distinction between
mudstones and siltstones from the Bombouaka
Group and similar rocks from the Oti and
Obosum Groups is used to solve one of the
outstanding controversies regarding the strati-
graphy of the Volta basin.
2011010490
芬兰坦佩雷和帕堪玛带 Fennoscandia 地区
多期造山演化过程中的古元古代沉积物再
循环 = Paleoproterozoic sediment recycling
during multiphase orogenic evolution in Fen-
noscandia, the Tampere and Pirkanmaa belts,
Finland. ( 英 文 ). Lahtinen R; Huhma H;
Kahkonen Y; Manttari I. Precambrian Re-
search, 2009, 174(3-4): 310-336 16 图版.
Geochronology of detrital zircons and their
overgrowths combined with whole-rock geo-
chemical and Sm-Nd isotopic data can be used
to distinguish different stages of sediment re-
cycling and metamorphism during multiphase
orogenic evolution. This approach is applied
to the Paleoproterozoic sedimentary rocks of
the Tampere and Pirkanmaa belts (southern
Finland) in the center of the composite Sve-
cofennian orogen.
The lower part of the Tampere belt succes-
sion and bulk of the Pirkanmaa belt are char-
acterized by turbidites whereas the upper part
of the Tampere belt succession is dominated
by 1.90-1.89 Ga mature arc-type volcanic
147
rocks Detrital zircon geochronology indicates 埃迪卡拉纪海水温度：来自震旦纪岩盐包
that the Tampere and Pirkanmaa belts have a 裹体的证据 = Ediacaran seawater tempera-
coeval 1 92-1 89 Ga depositional and tectonic ture: Evidence from inclusions of Sinian halite.
history Ages of pre-depositional zircon over- (英文). Meng F W; Ni P; Schiffbauer J D;
growths vary from 1.91 Ga to 2.0Ga with Yuan X L; Zhou C M; Wang Y G ; Xia M L.
clusters at 1.92Ga and 1.98 Ga. Within the Precambrian Research, 2011, 184(1-4): 63-
Pirkanmaa belt, post-depositional zircon over-
69 5 图版.
growths indicate metamorphic culmination at
Seawater temperatures throughout Earth's
c. 1885 Ma in the Vammala Ni-zone and at c.
history have been suggested to illustrate a
1875 Ma in the northern part.
long-term cooling trend from nearly 70 de-
The lower conglomerates and graywackes in
grees C at similar to 3500 Ma to around 20
the Tampere belt and their equivalents in the
degrees C at similar to 800 Ma. The terminal
Pirkanmaa belt are rich both in Neoarchean
Neoproterozoic prior to the "Cambrian Explo-
and Paleoproterozoic grains, the latter ranging
sion" is a key interval in evolutionary history,
in age from 1 9 to 2.1 Ga. Compared to these,
as complex multicellularity appeared with the
a sample from the Vammala Ni-zone has an
advent of the Ediacara fauna. These organisms
exotic provenance with at least c. 1 90 Ga.
were likely the first that required higher levels
2.04-2.15 Ga. 2.38-2.48 Ga and 2.57-2.63 Ga
of atmospheric and dissolved marine oxygen
components.
for their sustainability. It is known that most
A sedimentary recycling and tectonic model
modern macroinvertebrates are intolerant of
for the central Fennoscandia is proposed, in
temperatures in excess of 45 degrees C. Per-
which the Paleoproterozoic Keitele
haps more importantly, these high seawater
+Bergslagen continent was formed during an
temperatures limit the potential of dissolved
unnamed orogeny at 198-1.97 Ga. The Ar-
oxygen, and therefore become an integral part
chean Norrbotten microcontinent was attached
of this evolutionary story. Previously, our un-
to the continent at 1 97-193 Ga. Upper Kaleva
derstanding of seawater temperature during
turbidites, derived from the Lapland-Kola
the terminal Neoproterozoic comes only from
orogen in the north, were deposited before
O-18/O-16 and Si-30/Si-28 ratios ascertained
1.92 Ga on a passive margin of the Archean
from a limited number of cherts. Isotopic ratio
Karelia craton. The Karelia craton collided
methods for assessing seawater temperatures
with the Keitele+Bergslagen+Norrbotten con-
are inherently indirect and have a wide range
tinent at c. 1.92Ga forming the Lapland-Savo
of oscillation. However, maximum homogeni-
orogen. Subsequent evolution led to rifting
zation temperatures (Th-max) of primary fluid
and break-up of the latter continent into two
inclusions in halite provide a direct means of
microcontinents in the hinterland. At 1.92-
assessing brine temperature, and have been
1.91 Ga the rift was developed into a subsid-
shown to correlate well with average maxi-
ing passive margin of the Keitele microconti-
mum air temperatures. The oldest halites date
nent with voluminous turbidite deposition,
to the Neoproterozoic-lower Paleozoic (simi-
now seen as graywackes in the Tampere,
lar to 700-500 Ma), and Ediacaran representa-
Pirkanmaa and Pohjanmaa (western Finland)
tives can be found in Sichuan Province, China,
belts. The turbidite material was derived from
which do preserve primary fluid inclusions for
the rising Lapland-Savo orogen and included
analysis via cooling nucleation methods. We
recycled Upper Kaleva, recycled (sandstones)
utilized halite samples from the Changning-2
and first-cycle 2.03-1.97 Ga detritus from
well, correlative to the Dengying Formation
Keitele, 1.93-1.92 Ga Savo arc material. as
(551-542 Ma), to provide a direct assessment
well as detritus from the Archean craton and
of terminal Neoproterozoic seawater tempera-
its cover deposits. The collision between Ka-
ture. Our measurements indicate that seawater
relia and Keitele caused a subduction reversal
temperatures where these halites formed are
and the onset of Tampere arc volcanism at
highly similar to tropical Phanerozoic sea-
1.90 Ga. Arc-derived materials started to de-
water temperature estimates. From compiled
posit and were mixed with older sedimentary
paleotemperature data, the decline in seawater
rocks, and trench-parallel distal turbidites
temperatures over the course of the Protero-
from exotic Source were being deposited in
zoic, accompanied by the reduction of sea-
the accretionary wedge.
water salinity with the sequestration of salt in
massive halite deposits in the Neoproterozoic,
2011010491
allowed the ocean system to accumulate more
dissolved oxygen, and potentially paved the

148
way for the evolutionary innovation of com-
plex multicellularity.
2011010492
寻找前寒武纪化石：简短的历史回顾 = The
hunt for Precambrian fossils: an abbreviated
genealogy of the science. (英文). Schopf J W.
Precambrian Research, 2009, 173(1-4): 4-9
In 1859, in his great work on the Origin of
Species, Darwin repeatedly raised what he
regarded to be the most serious problem fac-
ing his theory of evolution - the lack of fossils
predating the rise of shelly invertebrates that
marks the beginning of the Cambrian Period
of geological time (similar to 550 Ma), an "in-
explicable" absence that could be "truly urged
as a valid argument" against his all-embracing
synthesis. This missing early fossil record
posed a major dilemma, for Darwin's theory
demanded firm linkage from the less advanced
to the more evolved, from primitive microbes
to protozoans to the rich faunas of the basal
Phanerozoic for which no fossil evidence was
known. For more than 100 years, the history
of Precambrian life stood out as one of the
greatest unsolved problems in natural science.
In recent decades, however. understanding of
life's early evolution has changed markedly as
the documented fossil record has been ex-
tended sevenfold to some 3500 Ma, an age
more than three-quarters that of the planet.
This long-sought solution to Darwin's di-
lemma was set in motion by a small vanguard
of workers who blazed the trail in the 1950s
and 1960s, just as their course was charted by
a few prescient pioneers of the previous cen-
tury. All workers today, including the 28 par-
ticipants in the recently held World Summit
on Ancient Microscopic Fossils, have roots
that can be traced to the pathfinders of a half-
century ago.
2011010493
微生物的早期历史以及现生相似类群 =
Modern analogues and the early history of
microbial life. (英文). Burns B P; Anitori R;
Butterworth P; Henneberger R; Goh F; Allen
M A; Ibanez-Peral R ; Bergquist P L; Walter
M R; Neilan B A. Precambrian Re-
search, 2009, 173(1-4): 10-18 5 图版.
Revealing the geological history of micro-
bial life is very challenging. Microbes rarely
are preserved with morphological fidelity, and
even when they are, morphology is a poor
guide to phylogeny and metabolism. Biologi-
cal studies of environments considered analo-
gous to those of paleobiological interest on the
ancient Earth can inform interpretations and
suggest new approaches. This paper reviews
recent advances in our understanding of the
biological diversity of two environments rele-
vant to Archean paleobiology: those of ex-
treme acidity and temperature (the Mt. Hood
and White Island volcanoes), and high salinity
(living stromatolites in Shark Bay). The com-
bination of traditional microbial isolation with
the use of modern molecular techniques has
revealed that the microbial communities in
these environments are much more diverse
than originally thought. Through the extrac-
tion of whole microbial community DNA,
enzymatic amplification of evolutionarily con-
served genes, and cloning and sequencing of
these genes, more specific and informed infer-
ences concerning functional complexity in
these extreme environments have now been
made. Studies of the modern stromatolites
have demonstrated that they have a very di-
verse range of micoorganisms, and contrary to
previous interpretations, cyanobacteria are not
the most abundant microbes present. In addi-
tion, many of the microorganisms are unique
with no known close relatives, and these mi-
croorganisms may also possess novel physi-
ologies vital to the integrity and persistence of
stromatolites through space and time. Mi-
crobes in the volcanoes studied are present
ubiquitously and include geochemically sig-
nificant sulfur- and iron-cycling taxa. The
findings from the studies reviewed here sug-
gest that the Archean biota may have been
functionally diverse and much more complex
than has yet been revealed. The importance of
studying modern analogues is stressed in that
the biogeochemical processes occurring in
these communities leave morphological, min-
eralogical, lipid and isotopic signals that could
be sought in the rock record.
2011010494
元古代微体化石细菌脂类的微红外光谱特
征 = Micro-FTIR spectroscopic signatures of
Bacterial lipids in Proterozoic microfossils.
(英文). Igisu M; Ueno Y; Shimojima M; Na-
kashima S; Awramik S M; Ohta H; Maruyama
S. Precambrian Research, 2009, 173(1-4): 19-
26 6 图版.
Precambrian microbial fossils show carbo-
naceous cellular structure, which often resem-
ble in shape and size cyanobacteria and other
prokaryotes. Morphological taxonomy of
these minute, simple, and more or less de-
graded fossils is, however, often not enough to
determine their precise phylogenetic positions.
149
Here we report the results of micro-FTIR
spectroscopic analyses of well-preserved mi-
crofossils in similar to 850 Ma and similar to
1900 Ma stromatolites, together with those of
8 species of extant prokaryotes and 5 of eu-
karyotes for comparison. These Proterozoic
fossils have low CH3/CH2 absorbance ratios
(R-3/2 < 0.5) of aliphatic CH moieties, sug-
gesting selective preservation of long, straight,
aliphatic carbon chains probably derived from
bacterial membrane lipids. All the observed R-
3/2 values of coccoids, filaments and amor-
phous organic matter resemble lipid fractions
of extant Bacteria including cyanobacteria, but
not Archaea. The results indicate that Protero-
zoic microfossils belong to Bacteria,which is
consistent with the cyanobacterial origin in-
ferred from morphology. Moreover, the R3/2
Value of fossilized cell would reflect chemical
composition of its precursor membrane lipid,
thus could be a useful new tracer for distin-
guishing Archaea, Bacteria and possibly Eu-
carya for fossilized and extant microorganisms.
2011010495
远古微体化石细胞壁的超微结构指示生物
亲缘性的重要指标 = Ultrastructure of cell
walls in ancient microfossils as a proxy to
their biological affinities. ( 英 文 ). Moc-
zydlowska M; Willman S. Precambrian Re-
search, 2009, 173(1-4): 27-38 3 图版.
Bacteria and protoctists dominated the bio-
sphere in the Archean and Proterozoic, their
affinities being deduced by studies of their
comparative morphology, palaeoecology, bio-
geochemistry, and wall ultrastructure. How-
ever, exact phylogenetic relationships are un-
certain for most such microfossils. Because of
the limitations imposed by the simple mor-
phology and small dimensions of such micro-
organisms and their little known biochemistry,
new techniques in microscopy, tomography
and spectroscopy are applied to examine indi-
vidual microfossils at the highest attainable
spatial resolution. TEM/SEM studies of the
wall ultrastructure of sphaero- and acantho-
morphic acritarchs have revealed complex,
single to multilayered walls, having a unique
texture in sub-layers and an occasionally pre-
served trilaminar sheath structure (TLS) of the
external layer. A variety of optical characteris-
tics, the electron density and texture of fabrics
of discrete layers, and the properties of bio-
polymers may indicate the polyphyletic af-
filiations of such microfossils and/or the pres-
ervation of various stages (vegetative, resting)
in their life cycle. Primarily, wall ultrastruc-
ture allows discrimination between fossilized
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Composite
wall ultrastructure provides evidence that
some Proterozoic and Cambrian leiosphaerids
are of algal affinities (but not, per se, that they
are referable to "Leiosphaeridia"). Certain
Cambrian specimens represent chlorophy-
ceaens, having the multilayered composite
wall with TLS structure known from vegeta-
tive and resting cells in modern genera of the
Chlorococcales and Volvocales. The wall ul-
trastructure of the studied Cambrian and Pro-
terozoic acanthomorphs resembles the resting
cysts of green microalgae, but there is no evi-
dence to suggest a close relationship of these
taxa, to dinoflagellates. It is apparent that al-
though there is no single and direct method to
recognize the precise phylogenetic relations of
such microfossils, ultrastructural studies of
their preserved cell walls and encompassing
sheaths, combined with biochemical analyses
and other advanced methods, may further elu-
cidate their affinities to the modern biota.
2011010496
远古微体化石的激光显微共聚焦扫描和拉
曼成像 = Confocal laser scanning microscopy
and Raman imagery of ancient microscopic
fossils. (英文). Schopf J W; Kudryavtsev A B.
Precambrian Research, 2009, 173(1-4): 39-
49 6 图版.
Among all problems confronting the study
of ancient permineralized (petrified) micro-
scopic fossils, two stand out, the need for (1)
accurate documentation of their three-
dimensional morphology, and (2) direct analy-
sis of their chemical composition and that of
their surrounding mineral matrices. To address
these problems we demonstrate the use of two
techniques that we have recently introduced to
Precambrian paleobiology: confocal laser
scanning microscopy and Raman imagery.
These techniques, both of which are non-
intrusive and non-destructive, can provide
data by which to characterize, in situ and at
micron-scale resolution, the cellular and or-
ganismal morphology of thin section-
embedded organic-walled fossils. In addition,
Raman imagery provides direct analyses of
the molecular-structural composition of the
kerogenous components of such fossils and of
their surrounding matrices, and a means to
assess quantitatively the geochemical maturity
of the preserved organics. Use of these tech-
niques for studies of ancient microscopic fos-
sils can provide information in three dimen-
sions at high spatial resolution about their
150
morphology and cellular anatomy, taphonomy
and fidelity of preservation, composition and
mode of preservation, and their biogenicity
and syngenetic origin with the rocks in which
they occur.
2011010497
西 澳 皮 尔 巴 拉 地 盾 东 北 部 地 区
Goldsworthy 山-Grant 山地区太古代球状
微体化石（约 30 亿年）的分类学和生物和
生 物 成 因 = Taxonomy and biogenicity of
Archaean spheroidal microfossils (ca. 3.0 Ga)
from the Mount Goldsworthy-Mount Grant
area in the northeastern Pilbara Craton, West-
ern Australia. (英 文 ). Sugitani K; Grey K;
Nagaoka T; Mimura K ; Walter M R. Pre-
cambrian Research, 2009, 173(1-4): 50-59 5
图版.
Microstructures recently reported from an
Archaean sedimentary succession (ca. 3.0 Ga)
in the Mount Goldsworthy-Mount Grant area
in the northeastern Pilbara Craton meet the
criteria for compelling evidence of biogenicity
[Sugitani, K., Grey, K., Allwood, A., Nagaoka,
T., Mimura, K., Minami, M., Marshall, C.P.,
Van Kranendonk, M.J., Walter, M.R., 2007.
Diverse microstructures from Archaean chert
from the Mount Goldsworthy-Mount Grant
area, Pilbara Craton, Western Australia: mi-
crofossils, dubiofossil, or pseudo-fossils. Pre-
cambrian Res. 158, 228-262]. The structures
are morphologically diverse. Although they
were tentatively classified into five major
morphological types (thread-like, film-like,
small (<15 mu m) and large (>15 mu m)
spheroidal, and spindle-like), the possible
taxonomic significance of these groups was
not discussed. Building on our earlier analysis,
we focus on the morphology of the larger
spheroids, as well as presenting further evi-
dence relating spindles and several bizarre
forms, and attempt to group them taxonomi-
cally and adduce additional evidence for their
biogenicity.
Taphonomic features were identified in
each of the various morphological groups, but
the range of morphological diversity of the
spheroids cannot be attributed solely to ta-
phonomic alteration. Four subdivisions of
spheroids are proposed: (1) simple single-
walled spheroids, (2) thin-walled spheroids
having a diffuse envelope, (3) thick-walled
spheroids, and (4) spheroids having an exten-
sively folded wall. Simple single-walled sphe-
roids, 15-60 mu m in diameter, with various
wall textures but commonly lacking envelopes
or appendages form the dominant subgroup.
Other complex morphologies are present and
include aligned or associated bodies of thin-
walled spheroids with diffuse envelopes, and
spindle-like structures containing inner spher-
oidal bodies. The degree of morphological
complexity and associations between struc-
tures suggest the presence of reproductive
phases. If correct, this implies that the early
Earth (ca. 3.0 Ga) showed a higher level of
biodiversity than is currently postulated.
2011010498
西澳皮尔巴拉克拉通格兰特山地区太古代
微体化石（约 30 亿年）的浸渍法研究：生
物成因的进一步证据 = Palynology of Ar-
chean microfossils (c. 3.0 Ga) from the Mount
Grant area, Pilbara Craton, Western Australia:
Further evidence of biogenicity. (英文). Grey
K; Sugitani K. Precambrian Research, 2009,
173(1-4): 60-69 7 图版.
Palynological techniques have only rarely
been applied to Archean rocks, mainly be-
cause of concerns about contamination. How-
ever, where microstructures are abundant and
well documented, palynology can add consid-
erably to interpretations based on thin-section
examination. A modified palynological prepa-
ration method, which avoids vigorous physical
or chemical methods that might cause the
fragmentation of fragile specimens, was ap-
plied to black chert from the c. 3.0 Ga Farrel
Quartzite of the Mount Grant area, Pilbara
Craton, Western Australia, known to contain
abundant microstructures of putative biogenic
origin.
Four main morphological types have been
reported from chert thin sections: threads,
films, hollow spheres and spindles. These mi-
crostructures exhibit morphological and
chemical signatures consistent with a biologi-
cal origin as well as showing features indica-
tive of taphonomic degradation. Nevertheless,
the possibility remains that they are artefacts.
Similar structures have been attributed to
physical processes, such as the accretion of
fine particulate matter that has subsequently
been redistributed as a result of crystal growth.
By extracting structures palynologically, we
have increased the probability of a biogenic
origin. Firstly, examination of the morphology
free of the encompassing matrix demonstrates
that they are indeed three-dimensional struc-
tures with complex morphology; secondly, the
extraction of entire specimens militates
against them being particulate matter aggrega-
tions, which would simply disintegrate during
preparation and thirdly, the chemicals used
151
remove silicates and most other minerals, con-
firming the organic composition of the struc-
tures. To date, we have extracted films, hol-
low spheres and a few poorly preserved spin-
dles, but preparation continues. The fact that
the specimens retain their morphological in-
tegrity during palynological extraction argues
strongly in favour of a biogenic origin for the
microstructures.
2011010499
纳米级次级离子质谱法：探究太古代碳酸
岩结构的生物成因和同质性 = NanoSIMS:
Insights to biogenicity and syngeneity of Ar-
chaean carbonaceous structures. ( 英 文 ).
Oehler D Z; Robert F; Walter M R; Sugitani K;
Allwood A; Meibom A; Mostefaoui S; Selo M;
Thomen A ; Gibson E K. Precambrian Re-
search, 2009, 173(1-4): 70-78 4 图版.
NanoSIMS is a relatively new technology
that is being applied to ancient carbonaceous
structures to gain insight into their biogenicity
and syngeneity. NanoSIMS studies of well
preserved organic microfossils from the Neo-
proterozoic (similar to 0.8Ga) Bitter Springs
Formation have established elemental distri-
butions in undisputedly biogenic structures.
Results demonstrate that sub-micron scale
maps of metabolically important elements
(carbon [C], nitrogen [measured as CN ion],
and sulfur [S]) can be correlated with keroge-
nous structures identified by optical micros-
copy. Spatial distributions of C, CN, and S in
individual microfossils are nearly identical,
and variations in concentrations of these ele-
ments parallel one another. In elemental maps,
C, CN, and S appear as globules, aligned to
form remnant walls or sheaths of fossiliferous
structures. The aligned character and parallel
variation of C and CN are the strongest indica-
tors of biogenicity.
Nitrogen/carbon atomic ratios (N/C) of
spheroids, filaments, and remnants of a mi-
crobial mat suggest that N/C may reflect
original biochemical differences, within sam-
ples of the same age and degree of alteration.
Silicon (Si) and oxygen (0) maps illustrate that
silica is intimately interspersed with organic
carbon of the microfossils. This relationship is
likely to reflect the process of silica perminer-
alization of biological remains and thus may
be an indicator of syngeneity of the fossilized
material with the mineral matrix.
The NanoSIMS characterization of Bitter
Springs microfossils can be used as a baseline
for interpreting less well preserved carbona-
ceous structures that might occur in older or
even extraterrestrial materials. An example of
such an application is provided by comparison
of Bitter Springs results with NanoSIMS of
Archaean carbonaceous structures from West-
ern Australia, including a spheroid in the simi-
lar to 3 Ga Farrel Quartzite and material in a
secondary vein in the 3.43 Ga Strelley Pool
Chert. Results reinforce a biogenic, syngenetic
interpretation for the Archaean spheroid.
NanoSIMS has several advantages in the
study of ancient organic materials: the tech-
nique allows characterization of extremely
small structures that are present in low con-
centrations; organic matter does not have to be
isolated by acid treatment but can be analyzed
in polished thin section; preparation is simple;
samples are minimally altered during analysis;
results provide sub-micron scale spatial distri-
bution coupled with concentration information
for at least five elements; the biologically im-
portant elements of carbon and nitrogen can
be assessed; and the ability to study organic
remains in situ permits petrographic assess-
ment of spatial relationships between organic
matter and mineral constituents. These advan-
tages could be of significant benefit for inter-
pretation of poorly preserved and fragmentary
carbonaceous remains that might occur in
some of Earth's oldest samples as well as in
meteorites or extraterrestrial material brought
to Earth in future planetary missions.
2011010500
底栖球状蓝细菌的大量出现以及它们在南
非新太古代碳酸岩形成过程中的作用 =
Mass occurrence of benthic coccoid cyanobac-
teria and their role in the production of Neoar-
chean carbonates of South Africa. ( 英 文 ).
Kazmierczak J; Altermann W; Kremer B;
Kempe S; Eriksson P G. Precambrian Re-
search, 2009, 173(1-4): 79-92 10 图版.
The sparse Archean fossil record is based
almost entirely on carbonaceous remnants of
microorganisms cellularly preserved due to
their early post-mortem silicification. Hitherto
as an exception, sedimentary carbonate rocks
from the Neoarchean Nauga Formation of
South Africa contain calcified microbial mats
composed of microbiota closely resembling
modern benthic colonial cyanobacteria
(Chroococcales and Pleurocapsales). Their
remains, visible under the scanning electron
microscope (SEM) after etching of polished
rock samples, comprise capsular envelopes,
mucilage sheaths, and groups of cells mineral-
ized by calcium carbonate with an admixture
of Al-K-Mg-Fe silicates. The capsular organi-
152
zation of the mucilaginous sheaths surround-
ing individual cells and cell clusters forming
colonies and the mode of mineralization are
the characteristic common features of the
Neoarchean microbiota described and their
modern analogues. The new findings indicate
massive production of calcium carbonates by
benthic coccoid cyanobacteria in the Neoar-
chean, and offer a solution to the problem of
the origin of Archean carbonate platforms,
stromatolites and microbial reefs.
2011010501
华北 18 亿年的常州沟组中真核生物多样化
的证据 = Evidence for eukaryotic diversifica-
tion in the ~1800 million-year-old Chang-
zhougou Formation, North China. ( 英 文 ).
Lamb D M; Awramik S M; Chapman D J;
Zhu S. Precambrian Research, 2009, 173(1-4):
93-104 9 图版.
Shales and silty shales of the similar to
1800 million-year-old Changzhougou Forma-
tion (lowermost Changcheng Group) in the
Pangjiapu Region of North China contain
well-preserved, acritarchs. These microbial
body fossils, although sphaeromorphs, have a
size and fine-scale morphological complexity
that would attribute them to the eukaryotic
domain on the tree of life. Sphaeromorphs
range in size from 62 mu m to 216 mu m.
Shapes include spheroidal, ellipsoidal, and
fusiform. Some have medial splits indicating
excystment and others have a complex wall
structure with three or more wall layers. Thir-
teen distinct morphological entities have been
identified. These results indicate that eu-
karyotic microbial life was well established by
close of the Paleoproterozoic and had already
undergone a moderate amount of diversifica-
tion.
2011010502
印度 Vindhyan 超群 Rohtas 组早中元古代
宏体螺旋形盘绕的化石以及相关化石的分
类学和亲缘性研究 = Taxonomy and affinity
of Early Mesoproterozoic megascopic heli-
cally coiled and related fossils from the
Rohtas Formation, the Vindhyan Supergroup,
India. (英文). Sharma M; Shukla Y. Precam-
brian Research, 2009, 173(1-4): 12 12 图版.
A well preserved assemblage of compressed,
straight, circular to sinuously coiled
megascopic and helical carbonaceous fossils
and other varied megascopic morphoforms are
known from the Early Mesoproterozoic
Rohtas Formation, Semri Group within
Vindhyan Supergroup exposed in Katni dis-
trict of central India. These megascopic re-
mains are preserved as impressions, compres-
sions, partially mineralized remains, and/or
epi-relief. Some of the forms are typical fila-
mentous empty sheaths and others are
trichomes, with cell like entities under various
stages of degradation. This study, based on
fresh collections and also of the topotype ma-
terial of the helically coiled megascopic fos-
sils, straight forms and related fossilized re-
mains occurring as epi-relief from Katni indi-
cate that the two morphotaxa are distinct enti-
ties and possibly appear to be prokaryotes.
Grypania spiralis and Katnia singhii are most
likely of cyanobacterial origin. Spirally coiled
and circular fossils, with epi-relief, and which
probably represents a tissue grade organism,
are considered as Spiroichnus beerii Mathur,
1983. Linear sheet-like carbonaceous solitary
form has been placed in the morphotaxon Pro-
terotainia and described as P. katniensis n. sp.
Certain rare circular, carbonaceous forms are
considered as Chuaria sp. A few circular disc-
like forms found in the assemblage are treated
as dubiofossils.
2011010503
关于 Chuaria-Tawuia 复合体的亲缘性：多
学 科 研 究 = On the affinity of Chuaria-
Tawuia complex: A multidisciplinary study.
(英文). Sharma M; Mishra S; Dutta S; Baner-
jee S; Shukla Y. Precambrian Research, 2009,
173(1-4): 123-136 14 图版.
In this study, biometric and structural engi-
neering tool have been used to examine a pos-
sible relationship within Chuaria-Tawuia
complex and micro-FTIR (Fourier Transform
Infrared Spectroscopy) analyses to understand
the biological affinity of Chuaria circularis
Walcott, collected from the Mesoproterozoic
Suket Shales of the Vindhyan Supergroup and
the Neoproterozoic Halkal Shales of the
Bhima Group of peninsular India. Biometric
analyses of well preserved carbonized speci-
mens show wide variation in morphology and
uni-modal distribution. We believe and dem-
onstrate to a reasonable extent that C. circu-
laris most likely was a part of Tawuia-like
cylindrical body of algal origin. Specimens
with notch/cleft and overlapping preservation,
mostly recorded in the size range of 3-5 mm,
are of special interest. Five different models
proposed earlier on the life cycle of C circu-
laris are discussed. A new model, termed as
'Hybrid model' based on present multidiscipli-
nary study assessing cylindrical and spherical
153
shapes suggesting variable cell wall strength
and algal affinity is proposed. This model dis-
cusses and demonstrates varied geometrical
morphologies assumed by Chuaria and
Tawuia, and also shows the inter-relationship
of Chuaria-Tawuia complex.
Structural engineering tool (thin walled
pressure vessel theory) was applied to investi-
gate the implications of possible geometrical
shapes (sphere and cylinder), membrane
(similar to cell wall) stresses and ambient
pressure environment on morphologically
similar C circularis and Tawuia. The results
suggest that membrane stresses developed on
the structures similar to Chuaria-Tawuia com-
plex were directly proportional to radius and
inversely proportional to the thickness in both
cases. In case of hollow cylindrical structure,
the membrane stresses in circumferential di-
rection (hoop stress) are twice of the longitu-
dinal direction indicating that rupture or frag-
mentation in the body of Tawuia would have
occurred due to hoop stress. It appears that
notches and discontinuities seen in some of
the specimens of Chuaria may be related to
rupture suggesting their possible location in
3D Chuaria.
The micro-FTIR spectra of C. circularis are
characterized by both aliphatic and aromatic
absorption bands. The aliphaticity is indicated
by prominent alkyl group bands between
2800-3000 and 1300-1500 cm(-1). The
prominent absorption signals at 700-900 cm(-
1) (peaking at 875 and 860 cm(-1)) are due to
aromatic CH out of plane deformation. A nar-
row, strong band is centred at 1540 cm(-1)
which could be COOH band. The presence of
strong aliphatic bands in FTIR spectra sug-
gests that the biogeopolymer of C. circularis is
of aliphatic nature. The wall chemistry indi-
cates the presence of 'algaenan'-a biopolymer
of algae.
2011010504
西伯利亚地台产塔潘藻岩体：生物多样
性、地层位置以及地质年代学研究 = Tap-
pania-bearing association of the Siberian plat-
form: Biodiversity, stratigraphic position and
geochronological constraints. ( 英 文 ). Nago-
vitsin K. Precambrian Research, 2009, 173(1-
4): 137-145 5 图版.
A new fossil microbiota yielding eukaryotic
Tappania is described from the Mesoprotero-
zoic Karno Group of the Central Angara Basin,
Siberian Craton. The assemblage also includes
Valeria, Satka, Lophosphaeridium, Pulvi-
nosphaeridium, Miroedichia, Osculosphaera,
Tasmanites, Obruchevella, Glomovertella, as
well as branching and anastomosing filamen-
tous microfossils of putative fungal affinities
and peculiar short trichomes, that together
substantially increase the biodiversity of the
Tappania Association. Stratigraphic position
and geochronological constraints indicate a
relatively young Late Mesoproterozoic age of
the Tappania-bearing sediments. There ap-
pears to be a continuity between the Tappania
Association and the Neoproterozoic microbi-
ota, the latter being firmly rooted in the Late
Mesoproterozoic.
2011010505
西伯利亚中元古代 Lakhanda 特异埋葬化
石库：微生物群古生态学和埋藏学研究 =
Mesoproterozoic Lakhanda Lagerstatte, Sibe-
ria: Paleoecology and taphonomy of the mi-
crobiota. (英文). Podkovyrov V N. Precam-
brian Research, 2009, 173(1-4): 146-153 2 图
版.
The preservation of the organic-walled mi-
crobiota of the Lakhanda Lagerstatte in the
Kumakha mudstone succession of the late
Mesoproterozoic Lakhanda Group (Uchur-
Maya region, southeast Siberia) is a result of
unusually favorable paleoecologic, ta-
phonomic, and diagenetic conditions. Well
known for its marked taxonomic diversity and
exquisite preservation, the biota inhabited a
warm, shallow, epicontinental basin rich in
nutrients into which were dispersed clay min-
erals, from weathering of continental crust,
and minor amounts of volcanic detritus. The
fossils were preserved by compression in fine-
grained smectite-illite-kaolinite mudstones
deposited in a sulfur-deficient disoxic and an-
oxic environment. Subsequently, the long-
term (similar to 1 Ga) tectonic stability of the
southeast margin of the Siberian platform has
provided an exceptional environment for the
preservation of the microfossil assemblage
without significant diagenetic alteration. Con-
clusions drawn here from studies of the pa-
leoecology, taphonomy, and diagenesis of the
Lakhanda Lagerstatte may provide a globally
useful model in the search for additional evi-
dence of the Precambrian rise to dominance of
eukaryotes in the Earth's biosphere.
2011010506
晚里菲世 Eosolenides 属性的新观点 = New
insights into the nature of the Late Riphean
Eosolenides. (英文). German T N; Podkovy-
154
rov V N. Precambrian Research, 2009, 173(1-
4): 154-162 6 图版.
Studies of a morphologically diverse popu-
lation of Eosolenides, organic-walled macro-
fossils from the Upper Mesoproterozoic
(1015-1025 Ma) Lakhanda Group of south-
eastern Siberia, suggest that these elongate
fossils may be remains of soft-bodied organ-
isms having tube-grade organization. The
compressed, originally cylindrical fossils, of
more or less constant diameter along their
length, are subdivided by transverse mem-
branes into a regular series of distinct cham-
ber-like segments. The lateral walls of the
segmented tubes are double-layered, the outer
sheath- or cuticle-like layer of which was
originally flexible and commonly exhibits
very fine and closely spaced transverse stria-
tions. The presence of structures inferred to be
basal attachment disks suggests a benthic
habit, whereas the morphological variability
of the population can be interpreted as show-
ing that their body shape changed as the or-
ganisms grew and increased markedly in
length. Reproduction may have been by bud-
ding. An important peculiarity exhibited by
these tubular fossils is the presence within
many specimens of small spherical unicells,
interpreted possibly to be algal endosymbionts.
Although in some respects these fossils re-
semble cnidarians, the biological affinities of
Eosolenides tubes remain enigmatic.
2011010507
东欧地台边缘的新元古代微体化石和埃迪
卡拉系下部岩石的生物地层学模型探究 =
Neoproterozoic microfossils from the margin
of the East European Platform and the search
for a biostratigraphic model of lower Ediaca-
ran rocks. (英文). Vorob'eva N G; Sergeev V
N; Knoll A H. Precambrian Research, 2009,
173(1-4): 163-169 4 图版.
A ca. 600 m thick siliciclastic succession in
northern Russia contains abundant and diverse
microfossils that document early to middle
Ediacaran deposition along the northeastern
margin of the East European Platform. The
Vychegda Formation is poorly exposed but is
well documented by a core drilled in the Ti-
man trough region (Kel'tminskaya-1 borehole).
Vychegda siliciclastics lie unconformably
above Tonian to lower Cryogenian strata and
below equivalents of the late Ediacaran Red-
kino succession that is widely distributed
across the platform. The basal 10 m of the
formation preserve acritarchs and fragments of
problematic macrofossils known elsewhere
only from pre-Sturtian successions. In contrast,
the upper, nearly 400 rn of the succession con-
tains abundant and diverse large acanthomor-
phic acritarchs attributable to the Ediacaran
Complex Acanthomorph Palynoflora (ECAP).
This distinctive set of taxa. is known else-
where only from lower, but not lowermost,
Ediacaran rocks. In between lies an additional
assemblage of relatively simple filaments and
stratigraphically long ranging sphaeromorphic
acritarchs interpreted as early Ediacaran in age.
Bearing in mind that knowledge of late Cryo-
genian (post-Strurtian/pre-Marinoan) micro-
fossils is sparse, the Vychegda record is con-
sistent with data from Australia and China
which suggest that diverse ECAP microfossil
assemblages appeared well into the Ediacaran
Period. Accumulating paleontological obser-
vations underscore both the promise and chal-
lenges for the biostratigraphic characterization
of the early Ediacaran Period.
2011010508
华南扬子地区埃迪卡拉系陡山陀组带刺疑
源类生物地层学分布的定量研究 = Quanti-
tative evaluation of the biostratigraphic distri-
bution of acanthomorphic acritarchs in the
Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation in the Yang-
tze Gorges area, South China. (英文). McFad-
den K A; Xiao S H; Zhou C M; Kowalewski
M. Precambrian Research, 2009, 173(1-4):
170-190 11 图版.
Doushantuo acanthomorphic acritarchs are
large morphologically complex organic-
walled microfossils broadly constrained be-
tween the similar to 635 Ma Nantuo glaciation
and the similar to 551 Ma Miaohe Biota. They
are potential biostratigraphic tools for subdivi-
sion and correlation of the Ediacaran System
in South China. However, major variations in
sedimentary facies and stratigraphic thickness
present challenges in understanding the spatial
and temporal distribution of these acritarchs.
Further, the distribution of acritarchs in the
Doushantuo Formation is associated with the
presence of early diagenetic chert and phos-
phate, implying a certain degree of preserva-
tional bias and/or environmental control. The
purpose of this paper is to document the
stratigraphic distribution of Doushantuo acri-
tarchs and to quantitatively evaluate their bio-
stratigraphic significance and possible ta-
phonomic-environmental biases, based on
high-resolution paleontological data from six
sections over similar to 100 km in the Yangtze
Gorges area, South China.
155
 A total of 1082 acritarch fossils were re-
corded from 84 chert horizons in the six sec-
tions of the study area. These chert horizons
are not uniformly distributed throughout the
Doushantuo Formation, thus the pres-
ence/absence of early diagenetic chert does
play a role in controlling the distribution of
acritarchs. The sampled chert horizons can be
grouped into two stratigraphic intervals in the
lower and upper Doushantuo Formation, re-
spectively, based on regional stratigraphic
correlation. Quantitative analysis shows that
the two intervals are distinct taxonomically
and largely independent of taphonomic or fa-
cies controls. Thus, the two intervals can be
regarded as assemblage biozones. The lower
biozone (biozone 1) is numerically dominated
by Tianzhushania spinosa (n = 587; 68.3%)
and Meghystrichosphaeridium magnificum (n
= 74; 8.6%), whereas the upper biozone (bio-
zone 2) is dominated by Ericiasphaera rigida
(n = 104; 47.1%) and Tianzhushania spinosa
(n = 34; 14.1%). The three most common gen-
era, Meghystrichosphaeridium, Tianzhushania,
and Ericiasphaera, have been identified in all
sections. Correspondence analysis (CA), de-
trended correspondence analysis (DCA), dis-
criminant analysis (DA). and pairwise com-
parisons of samples (Spearman rank coeffi-
cient and Jaccard-Chao index), all consistently
support biostratigraphic zonations. Thus, the
distribution of the Doushantuo acanthomorphs
is primarily controlled by biostratigraphic po-
sition of samples, with facies and taphonomic
differences playing a secondary role. Our case
study suggests that acanthomorphic acritarchs
can offer a viable toot for regional correlation
of the Ediacaran System.
2011010509
埃迪卡拉纪（陡山陀组）后生动物微体化
石同步辐射 X 射线微断层摄影相位对比：
系统发生学多样性和演化意义 = Phase con-
trast synchrotron X-ray microtomography of
Ediacaran (Doushantuo) metazoan microfos-
sils: Phylogenetic diversity and evolutionary
implications. (英文). Chen J Y; Bottjer D J;
Davidson E H; Li G; Gao F; Cameron R A;
Hadfield M G; Xian D C; Tafforeau P ; Jia Q
J ; Sugiyama H; Tang R. Precambrian Re-
search, 2009, 173(1-4): 191-200 7 图版.
Microfossils from the Ediacaran Weng'an
Phosphate Member of the Doushantuo Forma-
tion (Guizhou Province, southern China) have
received widespread attention. The Doushan-
tuo, which overlies the glacial deposits of the
Nantuo Formation, was deposited following
the Marinoan glaciation, the last extensive
glaciation of Snowball Earth. Radiometric age
dating indicates that the Doushantuo is older
than 580 my, and hence that these microfossils
are older than the Ediacara Biota. However,
the diversity represented by these fossils has
yet to be fully documented. A recent techno-
logical approach that has increasingly been
used to image fossils, propagation phase con-
trast synchrotron X-ray microtomography, has
allowed non-destructive study of both exterior
and interior features of a variety of Doushan-
tuo microfossils from the gray facies of the
Weng'an Phosphate Member, cropping out
along the axis of the Mt. Beidou anticline.
Studies of Doushantuo embryos demonstrate
the existence of a large suite of modern em-
bryonic features, including macromeres and
micromeres, cell lineage, polar lobes, com-
pacted epithelia, equal and unequal cleavage,
blastulation and gastrulation, and chorionic
protection. Because embryos such as those
here studied provide only a limited amount of
phylogenetic information, and because adult
metazoans of the types that produced these
embryos have yet to be discovered in Dou-
shantuo-age rocks, these fossilized embryonic
forms can at present be assigned only to the
various superclades represented amongst liv-
ing Metazoa. The diversity of the embryos
here studied suggests that the metazoan fauna
of the Doushantuo may well have included
animals of poriferan, cnidarian, and both pro-
tostomial (representatives possibly of basal
protostome lineages) and deuterostomial affin-
ity. If this interpretation is correct, it would
then follow that the last common ancestor of
the bilaterian metazoan lineage, as well as the
last common ancestor of sponges, cnidarians
and bilaterians. pre-dated deposition of the
Doushantuo strata.
2011010510
前埃迪卡拉纪多细胞化模式 = Modes of
pre-Ediacaran multicellularity. ( 英 文 ).
Butterfield N J. Precambrian Research, 2009,
173(1-4): 201-211 9 图版.
A multicellular grade of organization is
widely distributed among extant organisms
and widely represented in the pre-Ediacaran
fossil record. A review of the pre-Ediacaran
record identifies nine general categories of
multicellular organization: (I) simple clonal
colonies; (2) integrated coenobial colonies; (3)
simple uniseriate filaments; (4) simple multis-
eriate filaments; (5) simple coenocytic fila-
ments; (6) branched coenocytic filaments; (7)
156
complex multicellular filaments; (8) complex
multicellular vesicles; and (9) problematic
macrofossils. A small subset of these fossils
can be assigned to extant lineages based on
taxonomically diagnostic patterns of cell divi-
sion, including compelling evidence for
chroococcacean, oscillatoriacean and pleuro-
capsalean cyanobacteria, bangiophycaceaen
red algae and hydrodictaceaen green algae.
The identification of pre-Ediacaran vaucheri-
aceaen xanthophyte algae and siphono-
cladalean green algae is almost as secure,
whereas the case for early multicellular nosto-
calean/stigonematalean cyanobacteria and
fungi requires further corroboration: a distinc-
tively patterned acritarch is tentatively identi-
fied as an early Neoproterozoic poriferan. De-
spite this breadth of early multicellular ex-
perimentation, there is no evidence for organ-
grade differentiation prior to the Ediacaran.
Indeed, it is the absence of eumetazoans and
embryophytes that distinguishes the pre-
Ediacaran world from the fundamentally
richer and more dynamic biosphere of the
Phanerozoic.
2011010511
元古代岩石中微体化石组合的分布 = The
distribution of microfossil assemblages in Pro-
terozoic rocks. (英文). Sergeev V N. Precam-
brian Research, 2009, 173(1-4): 212-222 3 图
版.
A biostratigraphic model of the temporal
distribution of distinctive Proterozoic micro-
fossil assemblages is suggested, based on
studies of upper Precambrian chert-embedded
and compression-preserved organic-walled
microfossils from the reference sections of
Eurasia, North America and Australia. Micro-
fossils from 2.0 to 0.542 Ga can be divided
into seven successive informal global units
which can be compared to standard units of
the International and Russian time scales.
Each unit is characterized by a particular asso-
ciation of taxa, typified by the fossil assem-
blage that gives it its name. These form broad
biostratigraphic units comparable to assem-
blage zones of Phanerozoic successions; in
general (but with minor differences) they cor-
respond to chronostratigraphic units accepted
by the Internal Commission on Stratigraphy.
The units are: (1) Labradorian, the upper part
of the Paleoproterozoic (Orosirian and Stathe-
rian), 2.0-1.65 Ga; (2) Anabarian, lower
Mesoproterozoic (Calyrnmian-Ectasian) /
Lower Riphean-lower Middle Riphean, 1.65-
1.2Ga; (3) Turukhanian, upper Mesoprotero-
zoic (Stenian)/upper Middle Riphean, 1.2-1.03
Ga: (4) Uchuromayan, lower Neoproterozoic
(late Stenian-Tonian)/lower Upper Riphean,
1.03-0.85 Ga: (5) Yuzhnouralian, upper Neo-
proterozoic (Cryogenian)/upper Upper
Riphean, 0.85-0.63 Ga; (6) Amadeusian,
lower Ediacaran/lower Vendian, 0.63-0.55 Ga;
(7) Belomorian, upper Ediacaran/upper Ven-
dian, 0.55-0.542 Ga.
2011010512
古太古代长英质沉积岩（Hooggenoeg 组，
巴伯顿绿岩带，南非）中成岩 Fe-碳酸盐：
对二氧化碳隔离和海水化学通量的指示意
义 = Diagenetic Fe-carbonates in Paleoar-
chean felsic sedimentary rocks (Hooggenoeg
Formation, Barberton greenstone belt, South
Africa): Implications for CO2 sequestration
and the chemical budget of seawater. (英文).
Rouchon V; Orberger B; Hofmann A; Pinti D
L. Precambrian Research, 2009, 172(3-4):
255-278 17 图版.
In order to evaluate the potential of felsic
sediments as a CO2-sink in the Archean, we
studied felsic volcaniclastic/epiclastic sedi-
mentary rocks of the 3.45 Ga Hooggenoeg
Formation, Barberton greenstone belt, which
were affected by metasomatic processes dur-
ing seafloor alteration and diagenesis. Water-
rock interactions leading to K-, Si- and CO2-
metasomatism were quantified. The precursor
rock, a K-metasomatized dacite, was leached
of Ca, Mg, Fe, Na, Sr, and Ba and enriched in
K, Rb and Si prior to erosion and deposition.
The formation of K-mica and quartz (and mi-
nor K-feldspar) in the dacites suggests low pH
metasomatic conditions, likely produced by
hydrothermally induced circulation of hot,
acidic and reduced Archean seawater in equi-
librium with a high P-CO2 atmosphere. Ero-
sion and transport of K-metasomatized dacitic
detritus away from the felsic volcanic centers
resulted in the deposition of conglomerate,
sandstone and shale by mass flow processes.
Early diagenetic silicification affected mainly
the fine-grained sediments with higher silica
sorption capacity, forming impermeable lay-
ers,while sand-rich sediments were partly sili-
cified and remained permeable. Trapped fluids
precipitated two generations of Fe-rich dolo-
mites and finally calcite. Up to 30 vol.% of
siliciclastic coarse-grained sediment was re-
placed by carbonates in a shallow-burial, high
heat-flow diagenetic regime (depth: similar to
750 m, temperature: 80-160 degrees C), and
likely throughout deposition of overlying vol-
cano-sedimentary units. The carbon isotopic
157
composition of Fe-rich dolomites (delta(13)
C-PDB = +1.9 to +2.4 parts per thousand) and
the strong Fe-Ca-Mg leaching of the Paleoar-
chean volcanic formations support the influ-
ence of seawater-derived fluids throughout
CO2-metasomatism. For each gram of eroded
dacite, the overall chemical exchange in-
volved by K-Si-CO2-metasomatism was char-
acterized by a mass transfer of Fe (1.2
mmol/g), Na (2.1 mmol/g) and O2- (2.0
mmol/g) to seawater. In contrast, seawater
was depleted in Si (10 mmol/g), Ca (0.51
mmol/g), Mg (0.43 mmol/g), K (1.5 mmol/g)
and H (0.93 mmol/g) during incorporation of
these elements in the volcanic and sedimen-
tary rocks. The average CO2 Uptake by the
sedimentary rocks studied here is estimated to
be 1.8 mmol/g, in the same order of magni-
tude as previous estimates for the Paleoar-
chean basaltic crust. Although mafic-
ultramafic rocks are the most abundant rocks
in Paleoarchean greenstones belts, and repre-
sent the most important atmospheric CO2-sink
upon seafloor alteration in the Paleoarchean,
coarse felsic sedimentary rocks provide a non-
negligible contribution to the build-up of the
continental CO2 reservoir.
2011010513
塔斯马尼亚 King 岛 Cottons 角砾岩：冰成
或非冰成，成冰纪或埃迪卡拉纪？ = Cot-
tons Breccia of King Island, Tasmania: Gla-
cial or non-glacial, Cryogenian or Ediacaran?.
(英文). Hoffman P F; Calver C R; Halverson
G P. Precambrian Research, 2009, 172(3-4):
311-322 9 图版.
The Cottons Breccia of King Island, Tas-
mania, is a 100-m-thick carbonate-clast
diamictite traditionally interpreted as the
product of a Cryogenian or Ediacaran glacia-
tion. It was recently reinterpreted as a mass-
flow deposit, unrelated to glaciation, within an
active rift basin. We reaffirm the glacial-
periglacial interpretation on the basis of sedi-
mentary facies, internal facies relations, clast
lithology and isotopic composition, clast fab-
ric analysis, and consistent stratigraphic posi-
tion beneath a typical post-glacial cap dolos-
tone. The Cumberland Creek Dolostone
closely resembles basal Ediacaran cap dolos-
tones world-wide in terms of colour, texture,
sedimentary structures and isotopic character-
istics. Because it was deposited above storm
wave-base, differences in delta C-13 between
closely adjacent sections suggest diachronous
deposition during post-glacial marine trans-
gression of a basin with steep local topogra-
phy. This is compatible with an active rift ba-
sin in which glacigenic diamictites of the end-
Cryogenian (Marinoan) pan-glacial episode
were lodged.
2011010514
Grand Conglomerat 组（中非）沉积历史
对于解释成冰纪主要冰期事件期间气候的
相关性 = The relevance of the sedimentary
history of the Grand Conglomerat Formation
(Central Africa) to the interpretation of the
climate during a major Cryogenian glacial
event. (英文). Wendorff M; Key R M. Pre-
cambrian Research, 2009, 172(1-2): 127-
142 10 图版.
The Cryogenian Grand Conglomerat For-
mation (<765 and >735 Ma in age and with
considerable thickness variations up to a
maximum thickness of about 950 m) is an as-
sociation of interbedded glaciogenic, clastic,
periglacial and non-glacial deposits topped by
the Kakontwe Limestone cap carbonate. These
units occur within the Nguba Group of the
Katanga Supergroup, which was deposited in
a rift basin and subsequently deformed as part
of the Pan African Lufilian orogenic belt that
separates the Congo and Kalahari cratons.
Both, correlation of regional unconformities
and facies distribution suggest that the Grand
Conglomerat sediments were deposited (dur-
ing and after eruption of flood basalts) in an
asymmetrical rift, with a strongly uplifted
southern shoulder, and a graded shelf defining
the northern margin. Glaciomarine sedimen-
tary rocks along the southern margin of the
Katangan rift are preserved within fan delta
conglomerates supplied from an elevated rift
shoulder. By contrast, the northern margin of
the rift was the site of continental glaciation
with cross-bedded, glaciofluvial and marginal
marine sandstones and conglomerates, associ-
ated with massive tills (glaciogenic diamictites)
that pass laterally towards the south into gla-
ciomarine mixtite interlayered with wedges of
dolomitic sandstone. The Kakontwe Lime-
stone cap carbonate is present only in the dis-
tal parts of the basin. Its absence in proximal
regions is considered to reflect very high rates
of sedimentation of fine-grained, glaciogenic
debris derived from deglaciated source areas.
Palaeomagnetic data indicates that the Grand
Conglomerat glaciogenic sediments were de-
posited close to the Equator during the Cryo-
genian. This low latitude setting coupled with
the absence of a topographical trigger would
suggest that glaciation was related to global
atmospheric cooling. However, the presence
158
of water-borne, glaciogenic, on-shore sedi-
ments and offshore sediments derived from
floating glaciers suggests that the ocean dur-
ing this part of the Cryogenian was not com-
pletely frozen. Associations of glaciogenic
facies with non-glaciogenic sedimentary rocks
imply glaciation with interglacial periods and
gradual deglaciation, instead of severe condi-
tions of permanent sea ice cover and rapid
change to the greenhouse environment.
2011010515
印度 Aravalli 超群古元古代成磷事件之后
高的初级生产力和氮循环 = High primary
productivity and nitrogen cycling after the
Paleoproterozoic phosphogenic event in the
Aravalli Supergroup, India. (英文). Papineau
D; Purohit R; Goldberg T; Pi D H; Shields G
A; Bhu H; Steele A ; Fogel M L. Precambrian
Research, 2009, 171(1-4): 37-56 10 图版.
The causes of atmospheric oxygenation in
the Paleoproterozoic are multifaceted yet
poorly understood. An increase in the level of
primary productivity however may have been
an important factor in producing large
amounts of oxygen in the atmosphere. A
likely environmental consequence of atmos-
pheric oxygenation is an increased abundance
of seawater nitrate, which would have resulted
in a fundamental change from the Archean
nitrogen cycle. in this study, we investigate
these questions using the carbon and nitrogen
isotope compositions of carbonaceous shales
from the Paleoproterozoic Aravalli Super-
group, India. The shales occur stratigraphi-
cally above one of the oldest phosphogenic
events that took place around 2.0 Ga. Shales
in the phosphate domain of the Jhamarkotra
Formation from the Lower Aravalli Group
have distinct characteristics from coeval
shales in the non-phosphate domain. Carbona-
ceous shales of the phosphate domain contain
relatively high V and U/Th, typical of oxygen-
deficient environments. These shales also
have a high organic content of up to 14 wt%,
generally homogeneous delta C-13(org) val-
ues around -29 parts per thousand, C/N-WR
up to 360 and a large range of delta N-15 val-
ues between -5 and +27 parts per thousand.
Their organic matter has low H/C and O/C
and Raman spectra characteristic of lower
greenschist to lower amphibolite facies meta-
morphism, which suggests a moderate altera-
tion of geochemical compositions. Data from
these shales also suggest high primary produc-
tivity under eutrophic conditions, as well as
intense recycling of organic nitrogen through
ammonium, assimilation and denitrification at
the time of sedimentation.
In contrast, carbonaceous shales from the
non-phosphate domain of the Jhamarkotra
Formation contain trace element abundances
characteristic of more oxygenated conditions.
They contain less than 3 wt% organic matter
with delta C-13(org) values often between -13
and -18 parts per thousand, whole-rock delta
N-15 values between +5 and +12 parts per
thousand and C/N-WR below 56. Acid-
insoluble organic matter from these shales has
high H/C and O/C, and Raman spectral char-
acteristics typical of lower greenschist facies
metamorphism, which suggests only minor
alteration of isotope compositions. Data
gleaned from carbonaceous shales of the non-
phosphate domain are interpreted to indicate
high rates of primary productivity as well as
the existence of a modern-like nitrogen cycle
in this open-marine environment at the mouth
of the Udaipur Epicontinental Sea. The inter-
pretation of high primary productivity in car-
bonaceous shales from both domains of the
Jhamarkotra Formation is consistent with
stratigraphically underlying C-13-enriched
carbonates and with their associated stromato-
litic phosphorites. Therefore, increased fluxes
of phosphorous in Paleoproterozoic seawater
may have played an important role in stimulat-
ing increased levels of primary productivity
and the rise of atmospheric oxygen.
2011010516
阿根廷 Neuquen 盆地中侏罗世（晚卡洛
期）Lotena 组沟鞭藻囊孢以及它们的古地
理 意 义 = Mid Jurassic (Late Callovian)
dinoflagellate cysts from the Lotena Forma-
tion of the Neuquen Basin, Argentina and
their palaeogeographical significance. (英文).
Riding J B; Quattrocchio M E; Martinez M A.
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynol-
ogy, 2011, 163(3-4): 227-236 4 图版.
The Lotena Formation from two localities,
Plain Leufu and Portada Covunco, in the Neu-
quen Basin of west-central Argentina was
studied palynologically. The material exam-
ined produced moderately diverse Late Call-
ovian dinoflagellate cyst assemblages. This
age assignment is consistent with ammonite
evidence. The dinoflagellate cyst floras are
reminiscent of the Middle Jurassic associa-
tions of northwest Europe and surrounding
areas. Marine palynomorphs typical of Aus-
tralasia and the Arctic are absent. The similar-
ity with Europe is strongly suggestive of an
open marine connection between western
159
Tethys and the Neuquen Basin during the Late
Callovian. This is interpreted as being via the
Hispanic Corridor, with the palynofloras being
passively dispersed to the southwest by the
circum-Tropical Marine Current. Earlier stud-
ies indicate that this trans-Pangean equatorial
seaway first began to allow biotic interchange
during the Mid Jurassic and this study proves
that this open marine connection was estab-
lished by the Late Callovian. The similarities
between the dinoflagellate cyst assemblages of
Europe and the Neuquen Basin are consistent
with the distribution of other marine fossils
and the existence of geographically continu-
ous marine facies belts.
2011010517
对“西伯利亚埃迪卡拉纪有疑问的化石
Gaojiashania 首次发现以及它的起源”的讨
论 = Discussion of 'First finds of problematic
Ediacaran fossil Gaojiashania in Siberia and
its origin'. (英文). Cai Y; Hua H; Zhuravlev A
Y; Vintaned JAG; Ivantsov A Y. Geological
Magazine, 2011, 148(2): 329-333 2 图版.
Zhuravlev, Gámez Vintaned & Ivantsov
(2009) reported the problematic Ediacaran
fossil Gaojiashania annulucosta in Siberia
and they considered that this is the first find of
Gaojiashania outside China, since Gaojiasha-
nia had previously only been reported from
the Gaojiashan Member of the middle Dengy-
ing Formation in the Ningqiang area, southern
Shaanxi Province, South China. However, we
believe that the so-called Siberian Gaojiasha-
nia was mis-identified, and what was de-
scribed as Gaojiashania annulucosta by
Zhuravlev, Gámez Vintaned & Ivantsov (2009)
is more appropriately ascribed to Shaanx-
ilithes ningqiangensis, another problematic
Ediacaran fossil that has also been known
from the Gaojiashan Member in Shaanxi
Province of South China (Chen, Chen & Lao,
1975; Xing et al. 1984), as well as the strati-
graphically equivalent Taozichong Formation
in Guizhou Province (Hua, Chen & Zhang,
2004) and the Jiucheng Member (Dengying
Formation) in Yunnan Province of South
China (Zhu & Zhang, 2005), the Zhoujieshan
Formation in Qinghai Province (Shen et al.
2007), and the Zhengmuguan Formation in
Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of North
China (Shen et al. 2007).
2011010518
安格尔西岛 Gwna 群的新元古代早期石灰
岩 = Early Neoproterozoic limestones from
the Gwna Group, Anglesey. (英文). Horak J
M; Evans J A. Geological Magazine, 2011,
148(1): 78-88 7 图版.
Limestone megaclasts up to hundreds of
metres in size are present within the Gwna
Group melange, North Wales, UK. The me-
lange has been interpreted as part of a Peri-
Gondwanan fore-arc accretionary complex
although the age of deposition remains con-
tentious, proposals ranging from Neoprotero-
zoic to Early Ordovician. This paper uses
strontium isotope chemostratigraphy to estab-
lish the age of the limestone blocks and thus
provide a maximum age constraint on me-
lange formation. Results show that, although
the carbonates are locally dolomitized, pri-
mary Sr-87/Sr-86 ratios can be identified and
indicate deposition sometime between the late
Tonian and earliest Cryogenian. This age is
older than that suggested by stromatolites
within the limestone and indicates that the
limestone did not form as cap carbonate de-
posits.
2011010519
南澳大利亚 Kangaroo 岛下寒武统（第二
统）Emu Bay 页岩化石库及相邻地层单元
的地质关系 = The geological context of the
Lower Cambrian (Series 2) Emu Bay Shale
Lagerstatte and adjacent stratigraphic units,
Kangaroo Island, South Australia. ( 英 文 ).
Gehling J G; Jago J B; Paterson J R et al..
Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2011,
58(3): 243-257
The lower Cambrian (Cambrian Series 2,
Stage 4) Emu Bay Shale Lagerstatte, which is
by far the most important Burgess Shale-type
(BST) deposit in Australia, occurs mainly in
the bottom 10m of the Emu Bay Shale at Big
Gully on the north coast of Kangaroo Island,
South Australia. In this area, the exposed
Cambrian succession commences with the
White Point Conglomerate, the bulk of which
comprises a crudely cross-bedded cobble to
boulder conglomerate with minor mudstone
and sandstone facies. The conglomeratic hori-
zons thin markedly to the south. The White
Point Conglomerate was deposited as coa-
lesced fan deltas derived from an uplifted tec-
tonic margin immediately to the north of the
present coastline. The White Point Conglom-
erate is overlain by the sandstone, siltstone
and conglomerate beds of the Marsden Sand-
stone (new name), the basal 3m of which is a
distinctive fossiliferous argillaceous limestone
and shale, the Rouge Mudstone Member (new
name). Syndepositional folding and faulting
160
affected both the White Point Conglomerate
and Marsden Sandstone prior to the deposition
of the Emu Bay Shale, the base of which
represents a sequence boundary. The Lager-
statte occurs within dark grey to black lami-
nated micaceous mudstone facies, some of
which show evidence of syndepositional dis-
turbance, and are interpreted to have been de-
posited in isolated stagnant, anoxic to oxic
depressions on the sea floor, beneath a nor-
mally oxic water column, with a sharp redox
boundary at the sediment-water interface; be-
low this boundary the pore water was anoxic.
Thin (up to 20cm) structureless fine sandstone
horizons within the mudstone are interpreted
as either sediment gravity flow or storm de-
posits. The Lagerstatte-bearing mudstone beds
thin southwards and disappear 500-600m
south of the coast. The Emu Bay Shale coars-
ens upwards; arthropod tracks are abundant in
fine sandstone beds towards the top of the
Emu Bay Shale. In coastal sections the sand-
stone facies of the Boxing Bay Formation rest
conformably on the Emu Bay Shale; inland
the contact is channelled.
古 生 界
2011010520
日本中部 Mino 地体泛古洋海山相联的二
叠纪-三叠纪界线硅质岩石地层 = Panthalas-
san Seamount-Associated Permian-Triassic
Boundary Siliceous Rocks, Mino Terrane,
Central Japan. (英文). Sano H; Kuwahara K;
Yao A; Agematsu S. Paleontological Re-
search, 2010, 14(4): 293-314
We describe the lithology and age of an
intact section (NF 1212R) and two reference
sections of Panthalassan seamount-associated
Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB) siliceous
rocks. The sections occupy the upper part of
the Hashikadani Formation of the Mino ter-
rane in the Mt. Funabuseyama area, central
Japan. Section NF 1212R comprises a lower
unit of gray chert (ca. 1.7 m thick), a middle
unit of dark gray to black chert (ca. 0.8 m)
with a pyrite-rich layer at the top (ca. 0.1 m),
and an upper unit of black claystone with thin,
intermittent beds of black to dark gray chert
(ca. 1.2 m), in ascending order. The chert of
the lower and middle units is rich in radiolar-
ian remains with minor siliceous sponge spi-
cules. The black chert of the middle unit is
carbonaceous and includes tiny pyrite grains.
The black claystone consists of microcrystal-
line quartz and clay minerals rich in carbona-
ceous matter. The chert of the upper unit is
also carbonaceous and rich in radiolarian re-
mains. The lower and middle units are corre-
lated with the Neoalbaillella optima Zone
(Changhsingian). The basal part of the upper
unit is referable to the Hindeodus parvus Zone
(basal Griesbachian), and the major part of the
upper unit is possibly correlated with the mid-
dle to upper Dienerian. We position the PTB
at the sharp lithologic boundary between the
upper Upper Permian chert and lower Lower
Triassic black claystone. The examined PTB
siliceous rocks are stratigraphically attributed
to the upper part of the Hashikadani Forma-
tion, reconstructed as an oceanic rock unit
characterized by Lower Permian to Lower
Triassic siliceous rocks that accumulated upon
the lower flank of a mid-oceanic seamount in
a pelagic realm of the Panthalassa Ocean. Our
results present the world's first record of deep-
marine PTB siliceous rocks associated with a
Panthalassan seamount.
2011010521
南乌拉尔 Verkhnyaya Kardailovka 剖面谢
尔普霍夫阶 = The Serpukhovian Stage in the
Verkhnyaya Kardailovka section, South Urals.
( 英 文 ). Pazukhin V N; Kulagina E I; Ni-
kolaeva S V; Kochetova N N; Konovalova V
A. Stratigraphy and Geological Correla-
tion, 2010, 18(3): 269-289
The paper describes a Serpukhovian Stage
section, exposed along the Ural River near the
village of Verkhnyaya Kardailovka (Bashkor-
tostan). The section is uniquely complete and
is proposed as a GSSP candidate for the base
of the Serpukhovian. The Upper Visean and
Serpukhovian beds are represented by rela-
tively deep facies, which contain ammonoids,
conodonts, ostracods, foraminifers, and other
fossils. The section is described bed-by-bed
and subdivided into zones based on four fau-
nal groups. The lower boundary of the Ser-
pukhovian is placed at the base of the
Lochriea ziegleri conodont zone. The strati-
graphic units are correlated with synchronous
beds of the East European Platform, the Do-
nets Basin, Western Europe, Central Asia, and
North America.
2011010522
法国阿莫里克地块 Sainte-Anne 组年龄修
正: 对 Variscan 带造山起始的意义 = A re-
vised age (Emsian-Eifelian) for the Sainte-
Anne Formation (Armorican Massif, France):
implications for the onset of mountain build-
ing in the Variscan belt. (英文). Ballevre M;
Ducassou C; Lardeux H; Regnault S. Neues
161
Jahrbuch fur Geologie u. Palaontologie / Ab-
handlungen, 2010, 255(3): 237-254
The Sainte-Anne Formation consists of
immature sandstones conformably deposited
upon reefal limestones. Plant debris are abun-
dant in the Saint-Anne sandstones, but only
rarecrinoids and brachiopods have been found.
The faunal content is analyzed in detail, con-
sisting of a few columnals of crinoids and
brachiopods (Ambocoelia and Plectodonta
minor, the most common species). The distri-
bution in space and time of the genus )Plecto-
donta in Europe is analyzed, and allows pro-
posing an Emsian to early Eifelian age for lthe
Sainte-Anne Fm. Consequently, the Sainte-
anne Fm (Armorican Massif) could be the
earliest record of the relief crated at the begin-
ning of the Variscan orogeney.
2011010523
阿根廷中部科尔多瓦西部 Post-Pampean 的
冷却和 Sierras Pampeanas 的上升 = Post-
Pampean cooling and the uplift of the Sierras
Pampeanas in the west of Cordoba (Central
Argentina). (英文). Steenken A; Wemmer K;
Martino R D; de Luchi M G L; Guereschi A;
Siegesnund S. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie u.
Palaontologie / Abhandlungen, 2010, 256(2):
235-255
An extensive survey on the cooling history
by K/Ar biotite and muscovite dating of the
basement rocks of the Sierras de Cordoba and
San Luis was carried out and interpreted in
terms of a differential uplift history of the dif-
ferent blocks. Large pegmatitic muscovites
from the Sierras de Cordoba record Late
Cambrian to Early Ordovician ages. Begin-
ning of cooling in the Sierra de San Luis id
documented by muscovite booklets from
pegmatites yielding ages between 448 Ma and
438 Ma.
2011010524
Armorican 地块早期陆地植物：关于年龄
和环境的沉积学和孢粉学思考 = The early
land plants from the Armorican Massif: sedi-
mentological and palynological considerations
on age and environment. ( 英 文 ). Strullu-
Derrien C; Ducassou C; Ballevre M; Dabard
M P; Gerrienne P; Lardeux H; Le Herisse A;
Robin C; Steemans P; Strullu D G. Geological
Magazine, 2010, 147(6): 830-843
The Chateaupanne Unit belongs to the
South Armorican domain of the Armorican
Massif (France), which is part of the Variscan
belt. This unit includes two Lower Devonian
plant levels and one of them corresponds to
the Basal Member of the Chalonnes Forma-
tion. A sedimentological and palaeontological
analysis of these fossiliferous deposits from
the Chateaupanne quarry (Montjean/Loire,
Maine et Loire, France) is presented here for
the first time. The age determination based on
palynology indicates that the locality records
the earliest occurrence of plant megafossils in
the Armorican Massif. Their presence sug-
gests an emergence event that has never been
described before. Our study highlights the
promising potential of the Basal Member of
the Chalonnes Formation to aid in understand-
ing these occurrences, and provides new in-
sights into the history of the Variscan belt.
2011010525
西班牙利比亚地块南部中利比亚带早寒武
世生物年代学修订 = Revised biochronology
of the Lower Cambrian of the Central Iberian
zone, southern Iberian massif, Spain. (英文).
Jensen S; Palacios T; Mus M M. Geological
Magazine, 2010, 147(5): 690-703
Trilobites from the upper unit of the Lower
Cambrian Pusa Formation (south-central
Spain) substantially antedate other Iberian
trilobites, according to widely published cor-
relation schemes, and arguably would be
among the earliest trilobites globally. These
trilobites, previously only briefly mentioned in
texts, are here described and illustrated, and
their biochronological context examined. The
Pusa Formation trilobites are treated in open
nomenclature but with suggested affinity to
the genus Abadiella. They are associated with
small shelly fossils, including Pelagiella sp.,
chancellorid spicules and Cupitheca sp., and
unidentfied archaeocyathans. Trace fossils
from the upper unit of the Pusa Formation,
down-section of the trilobites, include Dacty-
loidites isp. and Rusophycus isp., the latter
representing the lowest occurrence of this ich-
nogenus in the region. This biostratigraphical
context demonstrates that the Pusa Formation
trilobites are substantially younger than had
traditionally been thought. In terms of Iberian
regional stages they are Ovetian, not Cordu-
ban as previously thought. As a consequence
of the data presented here, the definitions of
Iberian Lower Cambrian regional stages are
discussed and a substantially revised correla-
tion between key Lower Cambrian strata of
the Central Iberian and Ossa Morena zones is
proposed.
2011010526
162
德国莱茵片岩山脉 Nellenkopfchen 组下泥
盆统三角洲海-陆过渡区的高分辨率相分析:
对 海 岸 环 境 小 尺 度 波 动 的 意 义 = High-
resolution facies analysis of a Lower Devo-
nian deltaic marine-terrestrial transition (Nel-
lenkopfchen Formation, Rheinisches
Schiefergebirge, Germany): implications for
small-scale fluctuations of coastal environ-
ments. ( 英 文 ). Wehrmann A; Wilde V;
Schindler E; Brocke R; Schultka S. Neues
Jahrbuch fur Geologie u. Palaontologie / Ab-
handlungen, 2010, 256(3): 317-334
The homogeneous succession of high-
energy intertidal, predominantly sandy depos-
its in the Lower Devonian Nellenkopfchen
Formation is interrupted by two finer-grained
fossiliferous units, LAFU and UAFU which
hve been subject to high-resolution facies
analysis. The present high-resolution approach
shows that both fossiliferous units are the re-
sult of sedimentary processes in a distal del-
taic setting that comprised a number of differ-
ent depositional sub-environments including
iterdistributary areas of the lower delta plain.
中 生 界
2011010527
伊朗中部侏罗纪 Nain 蛇绿岩混杂堆积的变
质 作 用 和 交 代 作 用 = Metamorphism and
metasomatism in the Jurassic Nain opiolitic
melange, Central Iran. (英文). Shirdashtzadeh
N; Torabi G; Arai S. Neues Jahrbuch fur Ge-
ologie u. Palaontologie / Abhandlungen, 2010,
255(3): 255-275
This opiolite has experienced several
metamorphic events since its formation. Dur-
ing Jurassic times, a regional metamorphism
(M1) caused the formation of amphibolitic
rocks from the oceanic basic rocks. These am-
phibolites were often covered by skarns
formed during M2 metasomatism of carbon-
ates. There are also evidences claiming a ret-
rograde regional metamorphism (M3) that has
affected both skarns and amphibolites. Addi-
tionally, some less highly metamorphosed
sheeted dykes and pillow lavas occur in this
ophiolite. Based on their geochemistry they
were originally different from the amphibolitic
rocks. Therefore, two phases of magma gen-
eration can be recognized: The first one, in
Lower Jurassic, led to the formation of the
basaltic protolith of the amphibolites. The
second one, in Upper Cretaceous, caused the
generation of sheeted dykes and pillow lavas.
2011010528
普尼莫耶南部 Markovsky 半岛（滨海省南
部）早白垩世 Nilssoniocladus Kimura et
Sekido 一新种 = A new species of Nilssonio-
cladus Kimura et Sekido from the Lower Cre-
taceous of the Markovsky peninsula (Southern
Primorye). ( 英 文 ). Volynets E B. Paleon-
tological Journal, 2010, 44(10): 1348-1352 4
图版.
An imprint of shoot Nilssoniocladus Ki-
mura et Sekido bearing leaves Nilssonia
Brongniart was found for the first time in the
Lower Cretaceous deposits of the Markovsky
peninsula near the city of Vladivostok. A new
species, Nilssoniocladus anatolii, is identified.
The finds of such shoots in organic connection
with leaves are rare, and new data supplement
our knowledge on the diversity, stratigraphic
and geographic distribution of the genus Nils-
soniocladus.
2011010529
利比亚西北部 Cabao 组早白垩世脊椎动物
群 = An Early Cretaceous vertebrate assem-
blage from the Cabao Formation of NW Libya.
(英文). Le Loeuff J; Metais E; Dutheil D B;
Rubino J L; Buffetaut E; Lafont F; Cavin L;
Moreau F; Tong H Y; Blanpied C; Sbeta A.
Geological Magazine, 2010, 147(5): 750-759
Fossil vertebrates from the Cabao Forma-
tion discovered in the area of Nalut in north-
western Libya include the hybodont shark
Priohybodus, the crocodilian Sarcosuchus, an
abelisaurid, a baryonichine spinosaurid and a
large sauropod with spatulate teeth. The Ca-
bao Formation may be Hauterivian to Barre-
mian in age, although an earlier Berriasian to
Valanginian age cannot be excluded. Its dino-
saur assemblage is reminiscent of that of the
El Rhaz and Tiouraren formations of Niger
and strongly differs from both the Cenoma-
nian assemblages of Morocco and Egypt and
the Late Aptian to Albian fauna of Tunisia.
Fossil vertebrates may be an important tool to
establish the stratigraphical framework of the
poorly dated Early Cretaceous continental
deposits of Africa.
2011010530
澳大利亚西北大陆架中三叠世-晚侏罗世沟
鞭藻囊孢的年代地层学年龄回顾 = A re-
view of the chronostratigraphical ages of
Middle Triassic to Late Jurassic dinoflagellate
cyst biozones of the North West Shelf of Aus-
tralia. (英文). Riding J B; Mantle D J; Back-
house J. Review of Palaeobotany and Paly-
nology, 2010, 162(4): 543-575
163
 The chronostratigraphical ages of the 20
dinoflagellate cyst zones and one dinoflagel-
late cyst assemblage for the Middle Triassic
(Ladinian) to the Jurassic-Cretaceous transi-
tion of the North West Shelf of Australia are
comprehensively reviewed. Evidence from
macro- and micropalaeontology, palynology
and strontium isotopes made available after
the establishment of these biozones in the
1980s has been used to reassess the ages of
this important zonal scheme and to calibrate it
to the international stratigraphical stages. The
Shublikodinium Superzone is renamed herein
as the Rhaetogonyaulax Superzone, and based
on conodont evidence is determined to span
the Ladinian to Early Sinemurian. This is sig-
nificantly shorter in duration than was origi-
nally envisaged (Late Anisian to Late Pliens-
bachian). The Luehndea Assemblage is a low
diversity dinoflagellate cyst association which
marks a eustatic rise; it is subdivided into two
subzones. It is of latest Pliensbachian to Early
Toarcian age, based largely on palynological
evidence. The Bajocian to earliest Oxfordian
Pareodinia ceratophora Superzone represents
the inception of a continuous Mesozoic-
Cenozoic dinoflagellate cyst record in Austra-
lia. It comprises seven zones, which are con-
sidered to be slightly older than originally in-
terpreted. The overlying Pyxidiella Superzone
is characterised by diverse dinoflagellate cyst
associations. It is Early Oxfordian to Kim-
meridgian in age, and comprises three zones.
The bases of the Wanaea spectabilis and Wan-
aea clathrata zones are reinterpreted as being
slightly older than originally proposed. The
superjacent Fromea cylindrica Superzone is
Tithonian to earliest Valanginian and modified
ages are indicated for four of the nine zones.
This unit is dominated by endemic dinoflagel-
late cysts, reflecting a global trend towards
provincialism at this time due to a regressive
eustatic regime.
2011010531
南非是不同的么？南非湿地植被叶貌和气
候之间关系的调查 = Is southern Africa dif-
ferent? An investigation of the relationship
between leaf physiognomy and climate in
southern African mesic vegetation. ( 英 文 ).
Steart D C; Spicer R A; Bamford M K. Re-
view of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2010,
162(4): 607-620
Leaves from 24 South African vegetation
sites, including 3 Fynbos sites, exhibiting high
levels of endemism, were assessed by both
LMA (Leaf Margin Analysis) and CLAMP
(Climate Leaf Multivariate Program) to de-
termine the effect of endemism on these pa-
laeoclimate proxies. We examined whether
existing calibrations using either locally re-
corded climate data or globally gridded cli-
mate data are appropriate for South Africa, or
whether new calibrations specific to the region
provide more accurate results. The results
suggest that calibrations using gridded data
yield slightly cooler estimates using LMA
when the percentage of entire margined spe-
cies is over 25. Overall, however, the differ-
ences are small and both gridded and local
climate station calibration data can be used
with equal accuracy. Xeric sites differ from
mesic sites regarding the relationship between
leaf margin proportion (LMP) and MAT, but
with the exception of Fynbos sites, the differ-
ences are small when the percentage of entire
margined species is <65. Fynbos sites plot up
to 8 degrees C cooler for a given leaf margin
percentage (LMP) than do other sites. LMA
was also sensitive to the number of taxa
scored and in general should not be attempted
on less than 15 leaf morphotypes per site. For
CLAMP, the African non-Fynbos sites plotted
within the parameters characterized by the
existing PHYSG3BRC data set, indicating that
they had a leaf physiognomic response to cli-
mate consistent with that of the rest of the
world. However, the African non-Fynbos sites
did fill a previously unoccupied void within
that space, indicating the existence of a re-
gional variance from the global pattern. This
suggests that endemism per se does not pre-
vent CLAMP from yielding reliable climate
predictions. The inclusion of African non-
Fynbos sites into the calibration improved the
ability of CLAMP to predict Fynbos site cli-
mate, although this remained poor for non-
coastal xeromorphic Fynbos vegetation. The
addition of the African non-Fynbos vegetation
did not degrade significantly the
PHYSG3BRC calibration, particularly regard-
ing key climatic variables such as enthalpy.
Enthalpy appears to be a particularly robust
variable with which to test climate model per-
formance against CLAMP palaeoclimate pre-
dictions.
2011010532
德国多瑙河 Regensbur 和 Neuburg 之间上
白垩统海侵的时代 = On the age of the Upper
Cretaceous transgression between Regensburg
and Neuburg an der Donau (Bavaria, southern
Germany). (英文). Wilmsen M; Niebuhr B.
164
Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie u. Palaontologie
/ Abhandlungen, 2010, 256(3): 267-278
The basal marine units of the Danubian
Cretaceous Group of Bavaria have been dated
by means of macrofossil biostratigrpahy and
stratigraphic events. The recognition of the
crippsi Event in the lower part of the forma-
tion provides further stratigraphic constraints
for the age of the Cenomania transgression in
that region. The early Early Cenomanian age
for the bases of these lowest marine forma-
tions of the Banubian Cretaceous Group
places the underlying terrestrial Schutzfels
formation into the Lower Cretaceous. The
Early Cenomanian sea already inundated wide
regions north of the Landshut-Neuottinger
Hoch, and the shoreline position was north of
Solnhofen and Regensbur at that time. The
marine onlap of the lower Banubian Creta-
ceous Group during the Cenomanian was
eustatically controlled and diachronous as in
most other places around the Mid-European
Island.
2011010533
Pachyvaranus crassispondylus Arambourg,
1952 回顾，摩洛哥和叙利亚共和国晚白垩
世磷酸盐岩中一种海相具磷的“厚去骨”脊
椎动物 = A review of Pachyvaranus crassis-
pondylus Arambourg, 1952, a pachyostotic
marine squamate from the latest Cretaceous
phosphates of Morocco and Syria. ( 英 文 ).
Houssaye A; Bardet N; Rage J C; Suberbiola
X P; Bouya B; Amaghzaz M; Amalik M. Geo-
logical Magazine, 2011, 148(2): 237-249 6 图
版.
The discovery of new specimens of Pachy-
varanus crassispondylus Arambourg, 1952
from the Maastrichtian phosphates of Mo-
rocco and Syria enables us to (1) redescribe in
detail this poorly known varanoid lizard, (2)
provide a more detailed diagnosis and (3) re-
evaluate the systematic affinities of this taxon
within squamates. The latter is placed in
Pachyvaranidae nov., considered a new un-
ranked clade of non-pythonomorph Vara-
noidea. The intense pachyosteosclerosis ob-
served in the vertebrae and ribs suggests a
primarily aquatic mode of life for Pachyvara-
nus. This is in accordance with the sedimen-
tological context (shallow marine environ-
ment). As for its palaeobiogeographical distri-
bution, Pachyvaranus is a component of the
marine reptile assemblages from the southern
margin of the Mediterranean Tethys, around
palaeolatitudes 20 degrees N. The osteoderms
previously referred to this taxon by Aram-
bourg are reanalysed and assigned to a teleost
fish.
2011010534
伊比利亚华力西带（Ponga-Cuera 单元，
西班牙西北部）的成岩单元的构造热演化
和牙形石序列 = Conodont alteration and tec-
tonothermal evolution of a diagenetic unit in
the Iberian Variscan belt (Ponga-Cuera unit,
NW Spain). (英文). Blanco-Ferrera S; Sanz-
Lopez J; Garcia-Lopez S; Bastida F; Valin M
L. Geological Magazine, 2011, 148(1): 35-
49 4 图版.
Tectonothermal analysis of a mainly car-
bonate unit located in the external part of the
Variscan orogen in NW Spain is dealt with
using the conodont colour alteration index
(CAI) and the study of textures of these mi-
crofossils. The Kubler index of the illite (KI)
is used as a complementary method. The area
is characterized by a great uniformity in the
CAI values, which in most cases are < 2, indi-
cating diagenetic conditions. In spite of the
low CAI values, textures show great variety
and were mainly originated by diagenetic
processes of apatite dissolution and precipita-
tion. The conodonts underwent a long period
of heating (probably from the Pennsylvanian
to the Cenozoic) to low temperatures (< 100
degrees C) to reach the low CAI values meas-
ured. Assuming a normal geothermal gradient,
these temperatures required an overburden < 3
km that in part was due to burial and in part to
tectonic superimposition. Minor local anoma-
lies in the CAI values and some textural al-
terations, related to dissolution and precipita-
tion of authigenic minerals, could be due to
epithermal activity that gave rise to various
ore deposits in the studied area mainly during
Permian times.
2011010535
匈牙利切克山脉早侏罗世的楔叶植物门 =
Sphenophyta from the Early Jurassic of the
Mecsek Mts., Hungary. (英文). Barbacka M.
Acta Palaeobotanica, 2009, 49(2): 221-232 3
图版.
Sphenophytes are frequent in the Hungarian
Lower Jurassic which is represented in one
locality in the Mecsek Mts., the region of Pecs
and Komlo. Although the material seems to be
rich in specimens, a number (about half of the
total amount) is so poorly preserved, that
specifi c determination is impossible. In the
total number of examined specimens which
means 155 pieces, only two genera were rec-
165
ognized: Neocalamites represented by one
species N. carcinoides Harris and Equisetites,
with three species E. columnaris (Brongniart)
Phillips, E. muensteri Sternberg, and Equi-
setites sp.
2011010536
新 西 兰 Murihiku 地 体 Kawhia 沿 岸 和
Awakino 峡三叠纪-侏罗纪界线序列地层 =
Stratigraphy of Triassic-Jurassic boundary
sequences from the Kawhia coast and
Awakino gorge, Murihiku Terrane, New Zea-
land. ( 英 文 ). Akikuni K;Hori R S;Vajda
V;Grant-Mackie J A;Ikehara M. Stratigra-
phy, 2010, 7(1): 7-24
We have examined the stable carbon iso-
tope stratigraphy, bio- and litho-stratigraphy
of the Upper Triassic (Otapirian) - Lower Ju-
rassic (Aratauran) boundary strata from the
Awakino gorge and Kawhia coast sections,
Murihiku Terrane, North Island, New Zealand.
Successive occurrences of species of the bi-
valve genus Otapiria, O. dissimilis, O. mar-
shalli and O. aff. marshalli, and also of age
diagnostic ammonites indicate that the Het-
tangian strata in both sections are very thin
compared with the Rhaetian sequences. Lami-
nation structures are well developed at the Tr-
Jr (Rhaetian-Hettangian) boundary transition
interval. The delta C-13 values of organic
matter from siltstone and carbonate nodules in
the sedimentary rocks range from -28.5 to -
25.5 parts per thousand and there is no corre-
lation between delta C-13(org) and C/N ratios.
The excursion patterns of delta C-13(org)
from both sections are similar, showing a
negative spike at the uppermost Rhaetian and
a positive spike immediately below the Tr-Jr
boundary. A long-lived positive shift is also
recognized in the Awakino gorge section,
which coincides in pattern with those reported
in Tr-Jr boundary successions from the Queen
Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, Canada.
These results suggest that although magnitude
and absolute values are slightly different, the
integrated pattern of stable carbon isotope sig-
natures over the Tr-Jr boundary could be a
valuable tool for correlation, at least between
sedimentary rocks from similar depositional
settings in the Panthalassa.
2011010537
塞浦路斯北部 Troodos 地块沉积岩浮游有
孔虫生物地层；评论 Aquitanian-Langhian
生 物 分 带 = Planktonic foraminiferal bio-
stratigraphy from the sedimentary cover of
Troodos Massif, Northern Cyprus: Remarks
on Aquitanian-Langhian biozonation. (英文).
Hakyemez A; Toker V. Stratigraphy, 2010,
7(1): 33-59
wA rich planktonic foraminiferal assem-
blage including two new species, Globorotalia
sinuososuturalis n. sp. and Paragloborotalia
lefkaraensis n. sp., have been recorded in the
uppermost part of the sedimentary cover of
Troodos Massif, exposed in Northern Cyprus.
The continuity of chalk and marl deposits
throughout the Aquitanian-Langhian time in-
terval, with an abundant and well diversified
assemblage, has provided to establish a de-
tailed biostratigraphic framework which can
be generally comparable with the recent stan-
dard and regional zonations. The mabioevents
defining the zonal boundaries are the LOs of
Paragloborotalia kugleri and Catapsydrax dis-
similis, the FOs of Globigerinoides bispheri-
cus, Praeorbulina sicana, Praeorbulina
glomerosa curva. Praeorbulina glomerosa
glomerosa and Orbulina summits. Quantitative
planktonic foraminiferal analyses performed
on two studied sections have allowed to de-
termine several secondary bioevents for the
latest Aquitanian-early Burdigalian time inter-
val. They are in stratigraphical order, the FOs
of Globigerinoides altiaperturus and Globig-
erinoides trilobus, the LO of Globigerinoides
primordius, the FOs of Paragloborotalia
acrostoma and Globigerinoides subquadratus,
the LO of Globoquadrina praedehiscens and
finally the FO of Globigerinella praesiphonif-
era. On the basis of the biostratigraphic and
quantitative data, it has been concluded that
the FO of Globigerinoides subquadratus,
within the Globigerinoides altiapertu-
rus/Catapsydrax dissimilis Zone spanning a
long interval in the Mediterranean region, may
be a correlative bioevent.
Therefore, Globigerinoides subquadratus /
Catapsydrax dissimilis Concurrent Range
Zone has been proposed for the upper part of
this zonal interval in order to improve the bio-
stratigraphic resolution of the Burdigalian.
Furthermore, the evolutionary lineage of ge-
nus Praeorbulina, which ranges from Praeor-
bulina sicana to Orbulina suturalis via Praeor-
bulina glomerosa subspecies, has been recog-
nized in the studied sequence. Thus. Langhian
interval has been subdivided into Praeorbulina
sicana Zone, Praeorbulina glomerosa curva
Subzone, Praeorbulina glomerosa glomerosa
Subzone and Othulina suturalis Zone.
2011010538
166
加 拿 大 不 列 颠 哥 伦 比 亚 下 Black Bear
Ridge 剖面的地层和沉积：作为诺利底部
金钉子的候选剖面 = Stratigraphy and sedi-
mentology of the lower Black Bear Ridge sec-
tion, British Columbia: candidate for the base-
Norian GSSP. (英文). Zonneveld J P; Beatty
T W; Williford K H et al.. Stratigraphy, 2010,
7(1): 61-82
The upper Ludington and lower Pardonet
formations at Black Bear Ridge, northeastern
British Columbia, Canada represent a con-
tinuously exposed succession through the up-
per Carnian and lower Norian (medial Upper
Triassic). These strata were deposited in a
deep marine setting (distally steepened car-
bonate ramp / medial to distal slope) on the
northwestern margin of Pangaea. The Black
Bear Ridge section is apparently continuous,
with no evidence for either subaerial exposure
or submarine erosion. The absence of ero-
sional scours in the study interval confirms
emplacement of these strata below both fair-
weather and storm wave base.
Event beds, particularly those resulting
from sediment gravity flows, dominate the
Carnian-Norian boundary interval at Black
Bear Ridge. Upper Carnian strata, primarily
assigned to the Ludington Formation at Black
Bear Ridge, record an upward transition from
moderate-scale, olistolith-bearing debris flow
deposits (debrites) to medium / thin-bedded
turbidites remobilised as small-scale sediment
slump /slides. The Carnian-Norian boundary
interval and the lower Norian succession is
dominated by medium- to thin-bedded cal-
careous turbidites and lesser hemipelagic sus-
pension deposits.
Diverse and abundant fossil assemblages,
particularly conodonts and bivalves, occur
within the study interval. Despite evidence of
post-depositional sediment remobilisation (i.e
debrites and turbidites) conodont faunal suc-
cessions indicate that the Black Bear Ridge
section represents a complete and continu-
ously exposed Carnian-Norian boundary suc-
cession. Rapid and relatively continuous
sedimentation is attested to by the thickness of
the section, the abundance of calcareous tur-
bidites and the thin nature of intercalated
hemipelagic beds.
2011010539
放射虫 Afens 属和 Multastrum 属对上白垩
统北方区-特提斯区对比的意义 = Signifi-
cance of the radiolarian genera Afens Riedel
et Sanfilippo and Multastrum Vishnevskaya
for the Boreal-Tethyan correlation of the Up-
per Cretaceous. (英文). Bragina L G. Strati-
graphy and Geological Correlation, 2011,
19(1): 65–71.
In the last decades, our knowledge of Late
Cretaceous radiolarians has considerably
improved. Nevertheless, there are still
significant problems concerning correlation
between radiolarian communities of low,
temperate, and high latitudes. This work
shows the possibility of using species that
belong to the phylogenetic lineages of the
genera Afens Riedel et Sanfilippo, 1974, and
Multastrum Vishnevskaya, 1991, for
biostratigraphic subdivision of the Upper
Cretaceous at low and high latitudes.
2011010540
法国上阿尔卑斯省 Col de Palluel 地区中上
阿尔必阶顶部序列综合研究（菊石，叠瓦
蛤科双壳类，浮游有孔虫，微化石，地球
化学，稳定碳氧同位素，回旋地层） = The
uppermost Middle and Upper Albian succes-
sion at the Col de Palluel, Hautes-Alpes,
France: An integrated study (ammonites,
inoceramid bivalves, planktonic foraminifera,
nannofossils, geochemistry, stable oxygen and
carbon isotopes, cyclostratigraphy). ( 英 文 ).
Gale A S; Bown P; Caron M; Crampton J;
Crowhurst S J; Kennedy W J; Petrizzo M R;
Wray D S. Cretaceous Research, 2011, 32(2):
59-130 60 图版.
An integrated study of the ammonites,
inoceramid bivalves, planktonic foraminifera,
calcareous nannofossils, geochemistry, stable
carbon isotopes, and cyclostratigraphy is pro-
vided for the upper Middle to upper Upper
Albian sucession exposed in the Col de Palluel
section east of Rosans in Hautes-Alpes,
France. The Albian-Cenomanian boundary
interval described by Gale et al. at Mont Risou
is re-examined, a total thickness of 370 m of
the Marnes Bleues Formation. Zonal schemes
based on ammonites, inoceramid bivalves,
planktonic foraminifera, and calcareous
nannofossils are integrated with the stable
carbon isotope curve and key lithostrati-
graphic markers to provide a sequence of
more than 70 events in the uppermost Middle
Albian to basal Cenomanian interval. Time
series analysis of the Al2O3 content of the
500 m Albian sequence present in the Col de
Palluel and Risou sections reveals the pres-
ence of the 20 kyr precession, 40 kyr tilt, 100
kyr short eccentricity, and 406 kyr long eccen-
tricity cycles. Correlation using planktonic
foraminiferan and nannofossil data provide a
167
link between the Col de Palluel and Risou sec-
tions and the Italian sequence at Gubbio, and
in the Piobbico core. This provides a basis for
the extension of the orbital time scale of
Grippo et al. to the sequence. It reveals a ma-
jor break in the Col de Palluel succession at
the top of the distinctive marker bed known as
the Petite Verde that may represent as much as
2 Ma. It also provides a basis for the estima-
tion of the length of the Albian Stage at 4.12
Ma, 0.8 Ma for the early Albian, 2.84 Ma for
the Middle Albian, and 3.68 Ma for the late
Albian substages.
2011010541
Acanthoscaphites tridens （ 晚 白 垩 世 菊
石）的表型可塑性:补充的数据 = Pheno-
typic plasticity of Acanthoscaphites tridens
(Late Cretaceous ammonites): additional data.
( 英 文 ). Kin A. Cretaceous Research, 2011,
32(2): 131-134 1 图版.
The concept of phenotypic plasticity of the
temporal species Acanthoscaphites tridens s.
str., as recently proposed by myself is elabo-
rated upon, in response to issues raised in a
commentary to the original paper. The terms
phenomorphic class and dominant phenotype
are explained in greater detail, as well as the
evaluation of phenotypic plasticity in studies
for extinct species.
2011010542
澳洲昆士兰中西部 Lark 采石场中白垩世温
顿组的大型兽脚亚目恐龙的重新思考：错
误 鉴 定 的 例 子 = A reassessment of large
theropod dinosaur tracks from the mid-
Cretaceous (late Albian-Cenomanian) Winton
Formation of Lark Quarry, central-western
Queensland, Australia: A case for mistaken
identity. (英文). Romilio A; Salisbury S W.
Cretaceous Research, 2011, 32(2): 135-142 8
图版.
Multivariate analysis is used to differentiate
shape variations between ichnites of theropod
and ornithopod dinosaurs. Tracks of an al-
leged theropod cf. Tyrannosauropus from the
mid-Cretaceous (late Albian-Cenomanian)
Winton Formation of Lark Quarry, central-
western Queensland, Australia were examined
and foot shape ratios calculated. Multivariate
analysis of these shape variables indicates this
track-maker was an ornithopod dinosaur. A
strong morphological similarity exists be-
tween the Lark Quarry ichnites and those of
the iguanodontian ichnotaxon Amblydactylus
gethingi. Considering the grade of ornithopod
this ichnogenus is thought to represent (a non-
hadrosaurid styracosternan) and the age and
geography of Lark Quarry, we suggest that the
track-maker may have been a dinosaur similar
to Muttaburrasaurus langdoni.
2011010543
凡兰吟阶鱼龙的首次明确发现以及它对早
株罗系后里阿斯期演化的意义 = The first
definite record of a Valanginian ichthyosaur
and its implications on the evolution of post-
Liassic Ichthyosauria. ( 英 文 ). Fischer V;
Clement A; Guiomar M; Godefroit P. Creta-
ceous Research, 2011, 32(2): 155-163 5 图版.
A complete ichthyosaur rostrum, with 124
associated teeth, was recently discovered in
Laux-Montaux locality, department of Drome,
southeastern France. The associated belem-
nites and ammonites indicate a late Valangin-
ian age (Neocomites peregrinus Zone, Ol-
costephanus nicklesi Subzone) for this fossil,
which consequently represents the first diag-
nostic ichthyosaur ever reported from
Valanginian strata. This specimen also repre-
sents the first occurrence of Aegirosaurus out-
side the Tithonian (Upper Jurassic) litho-
graphic limestones of Bavaria (southern Ger-
many). Tooth morphology and wear pattern
suggest that Aegirosaurus belonged to the
"Pierce II/Generalist" feeding guild, which
was hitherto not represented in post-Liassic
ichthyosaurs. Most Late Jurassic ichthyosaurs
actually crossed the Jurassic-Cretaceous
boundary.
2011010544
新西兰晚白垩世中型植物化石群 = Meso-
fossil flora from the Late Cretaceous of New
Zealand. (英文). Cantrill D J; Wanntorp L;
Drinnan A N. Cretaceous Research, 2011,
32(2): 164-173 6 图版.
This study presents the first report of meso-
fossils of flowers, fruits and seeds found in the
Cretaceous of New Zealand. The specimens
were recovered from the Late Cretaceous
(Maastrichtian, ca. 70 Ma) at Kai Point Mine,
South Island in a sequence of floodplain sedi-
ments sampled just below the Barclay Coal
Seam. Angiosperm flowers, fruits and seeds
occur in the sample. The most common form
is an actinomorphic flower with two whorls of
three tepals. Anther bases are preserved and
the ovary develops into a drupe. all features
that are consistent with placement in the Lau-
raceae. Reproductive structures including
seeds of conifers are also described, with
168
some allied to the Podocarpaceae. This con-
trasts with interpretations of the flora based on
macrofossils that indicate abundant Araucari-
aceae and highlights the different perspectives
that mesofossil floras give to any assemblage.
The results of the present study support a Late
Cretaceous flora at this site mainly dominated
by conifers with affinities to Podocarpaceae
but also including lauraceous angiosperms.
2011010545
对智利中部早白垩世岩石海岸线痕迹学、
序列地层和沉积演化研究：违背变质基底
的 生 物 侵 蚀 构 造 = Ichnology, sequence
stratigraphy and depositional evolution of an
Upper Cretaceous rocky shoreline in central
Chile: Bioerosion structures in a transgressed
metamorphic basement. (英文). Buatois Luis
A; Encinas Alfonso. Cretaceous Re-
search, 2011, 32(2): 203-212 8 图版.
Exposures of upper Paleozoic slates of the
metamorphic basement near Concepcion, cen-
tral Chile, are covered by transgressive depos-
its belonging to the Upper Cretaceous Quiri-
quina Formation. Presence of clusters of the
bivalve boring Gastrochaenolites isp. at the
irregular and erosive contact between these
two units indicates the development of an an-
cient rocky shoreline, illustrating a rare exam-
ple of bioerosion in a metamorphic substrate.
Coarse-grained deposits mantling the bio-
eroded surface represent a transgressive lag
produced due to ravinement. In sequence-
stratigraphic parlance, the bioeroded surface is
classified as a FS/SB or co-planar surface
formed due to amalgamation of erosion during
lowstand and the subsequent transgression.
Unburrowed trough cross-bedded upper-
shoreface to intensely bioturbated middle-
shoreface deposits record continuous trans-
gression. Logs bioeroded by Teredolites
clavatus are also present. Middle-shoreface
deposits are dominated by deep Ophiomorpha
isp., commonly showing laminated infill. Tha-
lassinoides suevicus occurs locally. Intense
bioturbation also suggests that the shoreface
developed in embayed shorelines, protected
from oceanic waves. While rocky shorelines
in limestone are characterized by a high abun-
dance and diversity of bioerosion structures,
those formed in other types of substrates con-
tain less diverse, commonly monospecific,
suites of borings. In terms of Seilacherian
ichnofacies, the bioerosion structures analyzed
are attributed to a low-diversity expression of
the Trypanites ichnofacies. It is proposed that
the Trypanites ichnofacies thus may display
two expressions: an archetypal one character-
ized by high diversity in carbonate substrates,
along with a depauperate expression in other
types of substrates (e.g., metamorphic and
igneous rocks). The extreme hardness of the
substrate is regarded as the stress factor re-
sponsible for the reduction in ichnodiversity.
2011010546
中国东北部松辽盆地姚家组晚白垩世大陆
古红土壤的分布以及它们的形成机制 =
Distribution of continental red paleosols and
their forming mechanisms in the Late Creta-
ceous Yaojia Formation of the Songliao Basin,
NE China. (英文). Du X; Xie X; Lu Y; Ren J;
Zhang S; Lang P; Cheng T; Su M; Zhang C.
Cretaceous Research, 2011, 32(2): 244-
257 12 图版.
Red paleosols accumulated in the Yaojia
Formation of the Songliao Basin during the
Late Cretaceous period, which are enclosed by
underlying Qingshankou dark mudstones and
overlying Nenjiang dark mudstones. Accord-
ing to core descriptions and lithological analy-
ses, three types of redsols are recognized.
Type A red paleosol with a thickness of 4-15
m is characterized by a complete redsol suc-
cession and observed in fluvial, delta plain,
lakeshore facies and shallow lacustrine envi-
ronments. Type B paleosol is developed in
flood plains of fluvial systems and interdis-
tributary areas of delta plains, and is charac-
terized by thin-bedded red mudstones. Type C
paleosol is featured by large complete sets of
red mudstones or silty mudstones with some
celadon(=pale gray green) mudstones, which
are formed onshore or in shallow lacustrine
fades in weak hydrodynamic and oxic condi-
tions. Combined with the analysis of tectonics,
paleoclimate and lake-level variation, it is
shown that the type A paleosol is the result of
strong pedogenesis due to a relative long pe-
riod exposure caused by the underthrust of
Pacific plate beneath the Euro-Asian plate
since 88 Ma, while the other types of paleo-
sols are the exposure products of the devel-
opment of relatively stable lake facies. The
variation in mudstone color and thickness of
different kinds of red paleosols can be a typi-
cal marker in the boundary of different se-
quence units.
2011010547
格林兰岛三叠纪-侏罗纪之交由于气候驱动
的植物群改变造成的火情增多 = Increased
fire activity at the Triassic/Jurassic boundary
in Greenland due to climate-driven floral
169
change. (英文). Belcher C M; Mander L; Rein
G; Jervis F X; Haworth M; Hesselbo S P;
Glasspool I J; McElwain J C. Nature geo-
science, 2010, 3(6): 426-429
One of the largest mass extinctions of the
past 600 million years (Myr) occurred 200
Myr ago, at the Triassic/Jurassic boundary.
The major floral and faunal turnovers(1) have
been linked to a marked increase in atmos-
pheric carbon dioxide levels(2), probably re-
sulting from massive volcanism in the Central
Atlantic Magmatic Province(3,4). Future cli-
mate change predictions suggest that fire ac-
tivity may increase(5), in part because higher
global temperatures are thought to increase
storminess(6,7). Here we use palaeontological
reconstructions of the fossil flora from East
Greenland to assess forest flammability along
with records of fossil charcoal preserved in the
rocks to show that fire activity increased
markedly across the Triassic/Jurassic bound-
ary. We find a fivefold increase in the abun-
dance of fossil charcoal in the earliest Jurassic,
which we attribute to a climate-driven shift
from a prevalence of broad-leaved taxa to a
predominantly narrow-leaved assemblage.
Our fire calorimetry experiments show that
narrow leaf morphologies are more flammable
than broad-leaved morphologies. We suggest
that the warming associated with increased
atmospheric carbon dioxide levels favoured a
dominance of narrow-leaved plants, which,
coupled with more frequent lightening strikes,
led to an increase in fire activity at the Trias-
sic/Jurassic boundary.
新 生 界
2011010548
加拿大育空中西部 Tintina 峡谷保存有多重
冰川的广泛的晚新生代陆相记录：地层、
古地磁、古土壤和孢粉 = An extensive late
Cenozoic terrestrial record of multiple glaci-
ations preserved in the Tintina Trench of west-
central Yukon: stratigraphy, paleomagnetism,
paleosols, and pollen. (英文). Duk-Rodkin A ;
Barendregt R W; White J M. Canadian Jour-
nal of Earth Sciences, 2010, 47(7): 1003-1028
The Tintina Trench in west-central Yukon
is a late Miocene graben formed along the
antecedent early Tertiary Tintina fault. Since
its formation the trench has served as a sedi-
ment trap for alluvial and glacial deposits. An
extensive record of preglacial, glacial, and
interglacial sediments spanning the late Plio-
cene to late Pleistocene has been preserved
and is exposed today in modern landslide
scars. This sedimentary record comprises mul-
tiple sequences of tills, outwash, mudflows,
loess, and paleosols. The glacial sediments are
the product of both local (montane) and re-
gional (Cordilleran) ice advances that chan-
neled into the trench, while loess and well-
developed paleosols (brunisols and luvisols)
reflect nonglacial and interglacial conditions,
respectively. The Tintina Trench exposures
provide the most complete record of glaci-
ations for the region. Paleomagnetism, paleo-
sols, and palynology provide age constraints
for the geological events. A formal strati-
graphic nomenclature is proposed for this re-
gion. The name West Tintina Trench Al-
logroup is assigned to the glacial-interglacial
and nonglacial strata that occurs above a ma-
jor regional Miocene-Pliocene unconformity.
The allogroup spans the late Pliocene (3.6 Ma)
to middle Pleistocene (0.126 Ma), based on
magnetostratigraphy and pollen data. The se-
quence includes an alluvial deposit at the base,
overlain by an extensive sequence of tills and
outwash, and capped by loess. Paleosols and
weathering horizons occur throughout the se-
quence. Tintina Trench; Beringia; glacial
chronology; magnetostratigraphy; early and
middle Pleistocene; Yukon paleoenvironments;
Yukon paleosols; Yukon pollen; North
American glaciations; West Tintina Trench
Allogroup.
2011010549
白垩纪-古近纪之交的 Chicxulub 小行星碰
撞和大灭绝 = The Chicxulub Asteroid Im-
pact and Mass Extinction at the Cretaceous-
Paleogene Boundary. (英文). Schulte P; Ale-
gret L; Arenillas I; Arz J A; Barton P J; Bown
P R; Bralower T J; Christeson GL ; Claeys P;
Cockell C S; Collins G S; Deutsch A; Goldin
T J; Goto K; Grajales-Nishimura J M ; Grieve
RAF; Gulick SPS; Johnson K R; Kiessling W;
Koeberl C; Kring. Science, 2010, 327(5970):
1214-1218
The Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary similar
to 65.5 million years ago marks one of the
three largest mass extinctions in the past 500
million years. The extinction event coincided
with a large asteroid impact at Chicxulub,
Mexico, and occurred within the time of Dec-
can flood basalt volcanism in India. Here, we
synthesize records of the global stratigraphy
across this boundary to assess the proposed
causes of the mass extinction. Notably, a sin-
gle ejecta-rich deposit compositionally linked
to the Chicxulub impact is globally distributed
at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. The
170
temporal match between the ejecta layer and
the onset of the extinctions and the agreement
of ecological patterns in the fossil record with
modeled environmental perturbations (for ex-
ample, darkness and cooling) lead us to con-
clude that the Chicxulub impact triggered the
mass extinction.
2011010550
北美洲更新世大型动物群落衰败，新植物
群 落 和 增 强 的 火 环 境 = Pleistocene
Megafaunal Collapse, Novel Plant Communi-
ties, and Enhanced Fire Regimes in North
America. ( 英 文 ). Gill J L; Williams J W;
Jackson S T; Lininger K B; Robinson G S.
Science, 2009, 327(5958): 1100-1103
Although the North American megafaunal
extinctions and the formation of novel plant
communities are well-known features of the
last deglaciation, the causal relationships be-
tween these phenomena are unclear. Using the
dung fungus Sporormiella and other pa-
leoecological proxies from Appleman Lake,
Indiana, and several New York sites, we es-
tablished that the megafaunal decline closely
preceded enhanced fire regimes and the de-
velopment of plant communities that have no
modern analogs. The loss of keystone mega-
herbivores may thus have altered ecosystem
structure and function by the release of palat-
able hardwoods from herbivory pressure and
by fuel accumulation. Megafaunal populations
collapsed from 14,800 to 13,700 years ago,
well before the final extinctions and during the
Bolling-Allerod warm period. Human impacts
remain plausible, but the decline predates
Younger Dryas cooling and the extraterrestrial
impact event proposed to have occurred
12,900 years ago.
2011010551
南非 KwaZulu-Natal 沿海地区 Eteza 湖的
全 新 世 植 物 变 化 序 列 = A Holocene se-
quence of vegetation change at Lake Eteza,
coastal KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. (英文).
Neumann F H; Scott L; Bousman C B; van As
L. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynol-
ogy, 2010, 162(1): 39-53 5 图版.
Palynological and sedimentological data
from a core extracted from Lake Eteza shed
new light on the Holocene vegetation and cli-
mate history in KwaZulu-Natal and can be
linked to regional and global climate change.
A 2072 cm core with nineteen radiocarbon
dates and chronological extrapolation to the
bottom of the sequence suggests that sedimen-
tation started ca. 10200 cal yrs BP. Between
ca. 10200 and 6800 cal yrs BP pollen indica-
tors point to a change from intermediately
humid conditions to comparatively drier
grassy environments. This is in good agree-
ment with Sea Surface Temperature (SST)
fluctuations from a core in the Mozambique
Channel which influence precipitation in
coastal KwaZulu-Natal, and the beginning of
the Holocene Thermal Maximum ca. 10500
cal yrs BP. The lower section of the core cor-
responds to gradually increasing Holocene sea
levels along the coast and development of
freshwater or estuarine conditions at Lake
Eteza. The middle Holocene (ca. 6800-3600
cal yrs BP), when the sea level reached its
highest stand and SST peak, indicate humid
climatic conditions that favoured an increase
of forest trees, e.g. Podocarpus, and under-
growth plants like Issoglossa. As a conse-
quence of higher precipitation and increase of
the water table, conditions were favourable for
the spread of mangrove, swamp and possibly
riverine forest. During the late Holocene after
ca. 3600 cal yrs BP a decrease of Podocarpus
and other trees as well as an increase of
Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae, grasses and
Phoenix coincide with a return to lower sea
levels and drier conditions. The decrease of all
trees including Phoenix at ca. 700 cal yrs BP,
accompanied by rapid sedimentation rates,
possibly reflect forest clearing and upland ero-
sion induced by activities of Iron Age settlers.
A dry period at the globally recognized onset
of the Little Ice Age might have contributed to
these changes. Late Iron Age settlers have
probably already introduced Zea mays, which
was detected in the profile since ca. 210 BP.
The appearance of neophytes like Pinus,
Casuarina and pollen of Ambrosia-type in the
youngest sediments indicates increased distur-
bance of European settlements and land use
since ca. 100 cal yrs BP.
2011010552
对 Witham 的两种木化石的重新评估以及
对 Planoxylon Stopes 、 Protocedroxylon
Gothan 和 Xenoxylon Gothan 的分类和命
名 注 释 = Reappraisal of two of Witham's
species of fossil wood with taxonomical and
nomenclatural notes on Planoxylon Stopes,
Protocedroxylon Gothan and Xenoxylon
Gothan. (英文). Philippe M; Hayes P. Review
of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2010,
162(1): 54-62 5 图版.
Fossil wood collections at the Natural His-
tory Museum, London, were searched for the
171
type material of two important species, de-
scribed as early as 1831 by Witham, on the
basis of material at least partly furnished by
Nicol and collected in the Liassic of Whitby
(Yorkshire, UK). The names given to these
two species by Witham are the basionyms for
more than ten other species names, while
these species names also provide syntypes for
several generic names. Despite this, the origi-
nal material has been only rarely and partly
revised. leading to much confusion.
2011010553
意大利亚平宁山脉北部 Greppo 湖末次冰
期和全新世植被以及火情历史的新纪录 =
A new Late-glacial and Holocene record of
vegetation and fire history from Lago del
Greppo, northern Apennines, Italy. ( 英 文 ).
Vescovi Elisa; Ammann Brigitta; Ravazzi
Cesare; Tinner Willy. Vegetation History and
Archaeobotany, 2010, 19(3): 219-233 5 图版.
Detailed Late-glacial and Holocene pa-
laeoenvironmental records from the northern
Apennines with a robust chronology are still
rare, though the region has been regarded as a
main area of potential refugia of important
trees such as Picea abies and Abies alba. We
present a new high-resolution pollen and sto-
mata record from Lago del Greppo (1,442 m
a.s.l., Pistoia, northern Apennines) that has
been dated relying on 12 terrestrial plant mac-
rofossils. Late-glacial woodlands became es-
tablished before 13000 cal b.p. and were
dominated by Pinus and Betula, although
more thermophilous taxa such as Quercus,
Tilia and Ulmus were already present in the
Greppo area, probably at lower altitudes.
Abies and Picea expanded locally at the onset
of the Holocene at ca. 11500 cal b.p. Fagus
sylvatica was the last important tree to expand
at ca. 6500 cal b.p., following the decline of
Abies. Human impact was generally low
throughout the Holocene, and the local woods
remained rather closed until the most recent
time, ca. a.d. 1700-1800. The vegetational
history of Lago del Greppo appears consistent
with that of previous investigations in the
study region. Late-glacial and Holocene vege-
tation dynamics in the northern Apennines are
very similar to those in the Insubrian southern
Alps bordering Switzerland and Italy, across
the Po Plain. Similarities between the two ar-
eas include the Late-glacial presence of Abies
alba, its strong dominance during the Holo-
cene across different vegetation belts from the
lowlands to high elevations, as well as its final
fire and human-triggered reduction during the
mid Holocene. Our new data suggest that iso-
lated and minor Picea abies populations sur-
vived the Late-glacial in the foothills of the
northern Apennines and that at the onset of the
Holocene they moved upwards, reaching the
site of Lago del Greppo. Today stands of
Picea abies occur only in two small areas in
the highest part of the northern Apennines,
and they have become extinct elsewhere.
Given the forecast global warming, these relict
Picea abies stands of the northern Apennines,
which have a history of at least 13,000 years,
appear severely endangered.
2011010554
厄瓜多尔南部一个近代湖泊的植被序列、
水文变化和人为影响，及其起源的高分辨
率研究 = High-resolution studies on vegeta-
tion succession, hydrological variations, an-
thropogenic impact and genesis of a subrecent
lake in southern Ecuador. (英文). Brunschon
C; Haberzettl T; Behling H. Vegetation His-
tory and Archaeobotany, 2010, 19(3): 191-
206 7 图版.
A lake sediment record from Laguna Cam-
pana at 2,488 m a.s.l. in the eastern Ecuador-
ian Andes allows the reconstruction of local
environmental conditions over the past similar
to 500 years. A high-resolution multi-proxy
approach using pollen, spore, charcoal and
XRF analyses provides information about lake
genesis, hydrological variations and the de-
velopment of the surrounding vegetation. Re-
sults suggest that Laguna Campana originated
from a landslide, which are naturally common
and anthropogenically promoted in the study
area. Human activities, e.g. deforestation or
slash and burn cultivation, impacted the local
vegetation development and biodiversity dur-
ing the recorded period. After a first dense
layer of pioneer grasses developed on open
soil around the small lake, successional stages
of secondary upper mountain rainforest forest
mainly composed of Alnus and Weinmannia
were observed. The record shows no signs of
dense forest regeneration but rather open
vegetation with trees and a grassy understory.
Especially since ca. a.d. 1980, the proportion
of forest in the area was reduced, most proba-
bly by fire use for pastures, cultivation and
wood extraction. Hydrological variability was
derived from differences in minerogenic input
and variations in Botryococcus braunii and
Sphagnum occurrence. After wettest condi-
tions at the study site, probably triggering the
landslide, humid conditions persisted until a
time of drier conditions between a.d. 1900 and
172
1960. A subsequent return to wetter conditions
was observed over the last decades. XRF
analyses suggest an increase in deposition of
atmospherically derived lead since the forma-
tion of the lake.
2011010555
厄瓜多尔加拉帕戈斯群岛木材燃料的历史
使用：炭屑的识别 = Historic fuel wood use
in the Galapagos Islands: identification of
charred remains. (英文). Froyd C A; Lee J A;
Anderson A J; Haberle S G; Gasson P E;
Willis K J. Vegetation History and Ar-
chaeobotany, 2010, 19(3): 207-217 3 图版.
Charcoal fragments from five historic
campsite locations in the Galapagos Islands
were identified and radiocarbon dated to in-
vestigate postulated early human presence in
the archipelago, historic fuel wood collection
patterns and the resultant impact on native
vegetation. A variety of taxa and fuel types
were revealed to be present in the charcoal
assemblages, indicating geographically driven
rather than species-specific methods of collec-
tion. Historic anthropogenic impact was there-
fore spread amongst woody taxa in the low-
land plant communities, with severity depend-
ent on proximity to campsite location. All
charred remains were found to date from
within the historic period, supporting the pre-
ponderance of archaeological evidence indi-
cating that human presence did not begin in
Galapagos until after European discovery.
2011010556
从厄瓜多尔安第斯山脉东南部三个土壤剖
面以及 Zurita 小湖多证据记录推断晚全新
世 环 境 变 化 和 人 类 影 响 = Late Holocene
environmental change and human impact in-
ferred from three soil monoliths and the La-
guna Zurita multi-proxy record in the south-
eastern Ecuadorian Andes. (英文). Niemann H;
Behling H. Vegetation History and Ar-
chaeobotany, 2010, 19(1): 1-15 9 图版.
Late Holocene vegetation, climate and fire
dynamics of mountain forest and paramo eco-
systems, as well as human impact, are pre-
sented from the upper Rio San Francisco val-
ley, southeastern Ecuadorian Andes. Pa-
laeoenvironmental changes, inferred from
three soil monoliths, spanning an altitudinal
gradient between 1,990 and 3,200 m and the
high resolution multi-proxy sediment record
from Laguna Zurita (2,590 m), were investi-
gated by pollen, spore and charcoal analyses,
in combination with XRF- and magnetic sus-
ceptibility-scanning. Three of the four pollen
records show a marked change in the floristic
composition between ca. 900 and 350 cal b.p.
(interpolated age). Past fires have strongly
influenced the floristic composition of the
mountain rainforest ecosystem. Frequent fires,
together with the relatively high occurrence of
grasses and some Zea mays plantations docu-
ment past human activities in the upper Rio
San Francisco valley. A large number of areas
of probably ancient Z. mays cultivation in the
upper Rio San Francisco valley has been iden-
tified, using GIS-based calculation. High oc-
currences of Cyperaceae and Isoetes indicate
the development of marshy lake shores in re-
sponse to a lower lake level at Laguna Zurita
before ca. 700 cal b.p. The decrease of Isoetes
and Cyperaceae after ca. 1200 cal b.p. reflects
a lake level rise, due to increasing moisture
and/or human activities.
2011010557
水浸考古沉积物的分析技术：新石器时代
湖边居落样品不同处理方法的比较 = Re-
covery techniques for waterlogged archaeo-
logical sediments: a comparison of different
treatment methods for samples from Neolithic
lake shore settlements. ( 英 文 ). Tolar T;
Jacomet S; Veluscek A; Cufar K. Vegetation
History and Archaeobotany, 2010, 19(1): 53-
67 7 图版.
This paper presents the first comparable
overview of different recovery techniques
used for waterlogged Neolithic sediments in
the surroundings of the Alps in the last dec-
ades. Such an investigation became necessary
because it was not known which parts of
plants and types of remains were absent or
completely underrepresented due to inappro-
priate recovery techniques in Slovenian ar-
chaeobotany up to 2006. During the 2007 ex-
cavation of the approximately 5,200 years old
Neolithic pile dwelling site of Stare gmajne,
Ljubljansko barje, Slovenia, we compared
three methods for the investigation of botani-
cal macroremains: method 1 (M1) included
rough wet-sieving and subsequent drying of
the fractions; method 2 (M2) rough wet siev-
ing and keeping the fractions wet; and method
3 (M3) washing over and keeping the fractions
wet. M3 with gentle washing, systematic sub-
sampling, examination, and sorting of
macroremains while wet, as well as using
0.355 mm as the smallest sieve mesh size gave
the best results. When using the cruder M2 or
M1 methods, waterlogged uncarbonized seeds
of taxa such as Linum usitatissimum, Papaver
173
somniferum and Brassica rapa, waterlogged
chaff of Cerealia and pericarps of Maloideae
and Quercus sp., which are all fragile, were
underrepresented or even completely absent
and therefore the plant spectra were strongly
biased. On the contrary, taxa with lignified
seed/fruit walls like Cornus mas, Corylus
avellana or Rubus sp. were overrepresented
when using the M2 and particularly the M1
method. The application of the M3, instead of
the M1 method which has been traditionally
used in Slovenian archaeobotany, helped us to
identify uncarbonized remains of Linum usita-
tissimum and various species of Triticum for
the first time in a waterlogged Neolithic site in
Slovenia. Our study should contribute to a
standardization of methods, which is desper-
ately needed in archaeobotany. The study
clearly shows that the plant spectra can be
strongly biased if inappropriate handling tech-
niques are used. The conclusions hold for all
kinds of waterlogged sediments of different
periods.
2011010558
安纳托利亚东南部早青铜时代晚期 Titriş
Höyük 地区农作物的分布：集中计划食物
分配制度下消费者的识别建模 = Distribu-
tion of crops at late Early Bronze Age Titriş
Höyük, southeast Anatolia: towards a model
for the identification of consumers of centrally
organised food distribution. (英文). Hald M M.
Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2010,
19(1): 69-77 5 图版.
The extensively excavated areas of domes-
tic architecture at the late Early Bronze Age
urban settlement of TitriAY Hoyuk in south-
east Turkey provide us with a rare opportunity
to study the distribution of crops and their
processing by-products between different
households, as well as to assess differences in
indoor and outdoor activities, with the poten-
tial of identifying patterns of spatial organisa-
tion in the processing and storing of crops, and
the preparation of food. The Outer Town area
of TitriAY Hoyuk was substantially reorgan-
ized in the late EBA, possibly to make room
for victims of regional political conflicts. The
similarity in the range of agricultural products
found in the households, matching the regular-
ity of the centrally planned houses, indicates
that not only the rehousing of the new occu-
pants of Outer Town, but also their supply of
agricultural products, may have been organ-
ized and provided by a central power in the
city. A model for the identification of the con-
sumer end of centrally organized food distri-
bution is suggested.
2011010559
伊比利亚西北部 Terronha de Pinhovelo 罗
马定居点的植物大化石 = Plant macrofossils
from the Roman settlement of Terronha de
Pinhovelo, northwest Iberia. (英文). Tereso
Joao Pedro. Vegetation History and Ar-
chaeobotany, 2009, 18(6): 489-501 7 图版.
Several samples were collected during the
archaeological excavations at the proto-
historic and Roman settlement of Terronha de
Pinhovelo, northeast Portugal, in order to ob-
tain plant macrofossils. The relevant ar-
chaeobotanical data gathered from the Roman
structures of Sector B at the site allow a fur-
ther understanding of the settlement and its
community's daily life between the 4th and 5th
centuries A.D. In the charcoal analysis, the
main types recovered were Pinus pinaster,
Quercus pyrenaica type, Q. faginea type, Q.
suber type, Arbutus unedo and Fraxinus an-
gustifolia. The shrubs, significantly less abun-
dant in the samples, were represented by Cis-
tus sp., Leguminosae and Erica spp. It must be
stressed that the samples were taken from
well-delimited domestic hearths and the bo-
tanical remains result from specific choices of
firewood in short episodes of time, and there-
fore not the most appropriate for pa-
laeoecological approaches, which usually
cover a longer time span. The cereals are the
most frequent group of plants represented in
the fruit and seed assemblages. Triticum aesti-
vum/durum, T. compactum, T spelta and Hor-
deum vulgare were the dominant crops, fol-
lowed by T dicoccum and Panicum miliaceum.
The only pulse identified was Vicia faba var.
minor, in quite abundant quantity although it
came almost exclusively from just one hearth.
Two of the compartments sampled seem to be
directly connected to plant processing, but the
presence together of several plant taxa in the
domestic structures makes their understanding
quite difficult. These palaeo-economic data
are consistent with the records already avail-
able for northwest Iberia, and are significantly
representative of a regular Romanised rural
community.
2011010560
人类过度开采导致比利牛斯山脉林地的改
变：伊比利亚半岛东北部 Vallferrera 地区
两千年的冶金 = Changes in Pyrenean wood-
lands as a result of the intensity of human ex-
174
ploitation: 2,000 years of metallurgy in
Vallferrera, northeast Iberian Peninsula. (英
文 ). Pelachs Albert; Nadal Jordi; Manuel
Soriano Joan; Molina David; Cunill Raquel.
Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2009,
18(5): 403-416 7 图版.
This research is based on the discovery of a
large number of charcoal kiln sites and aban-
doned iron mines in Vallferrera (Axial Pyre-
nees, northeastern Spain). The study reveals
that this region has been affected by the metal
mining and smelting industry for at least 2,000
years, with maximum intensity in the eight-
eenth and nineteenth centuries, followed by
abandonment of the activity. The region's
woodland dendrochronology and historical
records indicate that exploitation of wood
charcoal for metalworking affected the past
vegetation in the area and impeded the devel-
opment of mature woodland. Our findings
suggest that the greatest changes in vegetation
and landscape history occurred at times of
particular specialization in socioeconomic
activities.
2011010561
丹麦日德兰半岛西部埃斯比约地区全新世
环境和植被历史 = Vegetational and envi-
ronmental history during the Holocene in the
Esbjerg area, west Jutland, Denmark. (英文).
Kolstrup E. Vegetation History and Ar-
chaeobotany, 2009, 18(5): 351-369 3 图版.
A pollen diagram from a site in the Esbjerg
area, western Denmark, is used for reconstruc-
tion of the Holocene vegetational and envi-
ronmental history there. During the Atlantic
there was a parallel development of the land-
scape to that of other areas in Jylland (Jutland).
From the late Neolithic onwards the develop-
ment took its own course related to the ap-
proaching North Sea, which periodically in-
undated parts of the Esbjerg area. The record
reflects landscape development in a formerly
marine valley where sediments seem to be
missing from parts of the Bronze Age and the
early Iron Age. Consequently the landscape
development during these times is only re-
flected in glimpses in the vegetation record,
which shows gradually more open woodland
and increasing human impact. During the late
part of the Iron Age, Viking period and Mid-
dle Ages, the woodland was diverse in taxa
but became increasingly open, finally reaching
a stage during which there may have been too
little wood even for daily use. At the same
time the use of the land intensified. During the
Sub-Atlantic, the Esbjerg area offered good
natural resources with extensive grazing areas
in the marine marshes in addition to good pos-
sibilities for farming and use of the woodland
on higher ground, but devastating floods oc-
curred.
2011010562
意大利西西里岛南部沿海 Biviere di Gela
湖中-晚全新世期植被和火情历史 = Mid-
and late-Holocene vegetation and fire history
at Biviere di Gela, a coastal lake in southern
Sicily, Italy. (英 文 ). Noti R; van Leeuwen
JFN; Colombaroli D; Vescovi E; Pasta S; La
Mantia T; Tinner W. Vegetation History and
Archaeobotany, 2009, 18(5): 371-387 7 图版.
The vegetation and fire history of few
coastal sites has been investigated in the
Mediterranean region so far. We present the
first paleoecological reconstruction from
coastal Sicily, the largest island in the Medi-
terranean Sea. We analysed pollen and char-
coal in the sediments of Biviere di Gela, a lake
(lagoon) on the south coast of Sicily. Our data
suggest that the area became afforested after a
marine transgression at ca. 7200 cal b.p. (5250
b.c.). Build-up of forest and shrublands took
ca. 200-300 years, mainly with the deciduous
trees Quercus, Ostrya and Fraxinus. Juniperus
expanded ca. 6900 cal b.p. (4950 b.c.), but
declined again 6600 cal b.p. (4650 b.c.). Af-
terwards, evergreen trees (Q. ilex-type and
Olea) became dominant in the forest and Pis-
tacia shrublands were established. Forest and
shrubland reached a maximum ca. 7000-5000
cal b.p. (5050-3050 b.c.); subsequently forest
declined in response to human impact, which
was probably exacerbated by a general trend
towards a more arid climate. During the Neo-
lithic, fire was used to open the landscape,
significantly reducing several arboreal taxa (Q.
ilex, Fraxinus, Juniperus) and promoting
herbs and shrubs (Achillea, Cichorioideae,
Brassicaceae, Ephedra). Final forest disrup-
tion occurred around 2600 cal b.p. (650 b.c.)
with the onset of the historically documented
Greek colonization. We conclude that the
open maquis and garrigue vegetation of today
is primarily the consequence of intensive land-
use over millennia. Under natural or near-
natural conditions arboreal taxa such as Q. ilex,
Olea and Pistacia would be far more impor-
tant than they are today, even under the hot
and rather dry coastal conditions of southern
Sicily.
2011010563
175
叙利亚西南部大马士革地区晚更新世到全
新世植被发展和人类进驻 = Vegetation de-
velopment and human occupation in the Da-
mascus region of southwestern Syria from the
Late Pleistocene to Holocene. (英文). Deckers
Katleen; Riehl Simone; Jenkins Emma; Rosen
Arlene; Dodonov Andrey; Simakova Alek-
sandra N.; Conard Nicholas J.. Vegetation
History and Archaeobotany, 2009, 18(4): 329-
340 8 图版.
Rockshelter Baaz in the Damascus region
of Syria provided a variety of botanical re-
mains from the Late Pleistocene and Early
Holocene period. These remains provide new
information about the vegetation evolution in
this region. The earliest occupational levels
correspond with a moisture peak during the
Late Pleistocene, between ca. 34-32 kyr b.p.,
when pine expanded. The next occupations
took place during extreme arid conditions, ca.
23-21 kyr b.p., and probably during the Last
Glacial Maximum when a steppe vegetation
was established. The occupation level of the
Younger Dryas, represented by Natufian re-
mains, suggests that the area had been covered
by almond-pistachio steppe, similar to later
periods of the Early Holocene, and was
probably located just outside the range of
dense wild cereal stands. There is no drastic
impact of the Younger Dryas visible on the
vegetation in the botanical remains. The lack
of fruits and seeds at Baaz indicates that the
site was more likely to have been a temporary
hunting post rather than a plant processing site
for much of its history. It is ideally suited to
this purpose because of its location over the
Jaba'deen Pass and the associated springs.
However, archaeological remains from the
Natufian period, suggest that the site was
more permanently occupied during this time.
2011010564
全新世晚期瑞典 Scandes 地区一个山区村
落的植被发展：人类森林砍伐的古生态证
据 = Vegetation development at a mountain
settlement site in the Swedish Scandes during
the late Holocene: palaeoecological evidence
of human-induced deforestation. ( 英 文 ).
Karlsson H; Shevtsova A; Hornberg G. Vege-
tation History and Archaeobotany, 2009,
18(4): 297-314 8 图版.
A palaeoecological study was conducted
close to the forest limit in the northern Scan-
dinavian mountain range. The aim was to elu-
cidate the degree to which human impact has
affected the vegetation at Hiednikvalta, a
Stallo settlement site. Stallo settlements con-
sist of round hut foundations that have a
hearth in the middle and are surrounded by a
low turf wall. They were probably established
by Sami people using the mountain areas for
hunting and/or reindeer herding. In order to
separate the effects of humans and climate on
the vegetation, a reference area approach was
adopted, i.e. the vegetation development at the
Stallo settlement site Hiednikvalta was com-
pared with the vegetation development in a
forested reference area AvvuhatjAy-
enhkkAyen, at the same altitude as Hiednik-
valta but with no archaeological remains of
settlements. Peat stratigraphies were retrieved
at the two sites and pollen analysis, loss-on-
ignition (LOI), pollen accumulation rates
(PAR), macrofossil analysis and Betula pollen
size statistics were all examined. The results
indicate that Hiednikvalta was forested with
Betula trees prior to the Stallo settlement pe-
riod, which occurred between the eighth and
thirteenth centuries. Human activities resulted
in a decrease in tree cover at the site, as found
in a previous study at Adamvalta, another
Stallo settlement site in the region. However,
the magnitude of vegetation change, and the
post-Stallo vegetation development differed
between the two areas, suggesting that site-
specific factors are important. The use of ref-
erence areas in palynological studies is also
discussed.
2011010565
阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚最南部草原/森林交错群
落末次冰期和全新世气候变化：阿根廷湖
狭 长 海 湾 附 近 沼 泽 的 花 粉 记 录 = Late-
glacial and Holocene climate dynamics at the
steppe/forest ecotone in southernmost Patago-
nia, Argentina: the pollen record from a fen
near Brazo Sur, Lago Argentino. (英文). Wille
M; Schabitz F. Vegetation History and Ar-
chaeobotany, 2009, 18(3): 225-234 5 图版.
We present a pollen record from a fen at the
eastern shore of Brazo Sur south of Lago Ar-
gentino, Argentina (core BRS 1/06, 50A de-
grees 34'54aEuro(3)S, 72A degrees
54'52aEuro(3)W, 198 m a.s.l.). The coring site
is located in the transition zone from humid
grass steppe to Andean Nothofagus forest.
With the exception of a mid-Holocene sand
layer, the record covers the interval between
13,350 and 1,700 cal b.p., indicating that there
could have been no recurrence of Late-glacial
conditions in Brazo Sur, as has been suggested
in the literature as having been contemporary
with the Younger Dryas interval in the north-
176
ern hemisphere. The Late-glacial and early
Holocene periods at Brazo Sur are character-
ized by fluctuations between humid grass-
dominated steppe associations and drier ones
dominated by Asteraceae and Ericaceae. At
the start of the Holocene, the pollen influx
increased. Nothofagus dominance began by
7,700 cal b.p. probably due to increasing
moisture. Present-day closed Nothofagus for-
est developed around 2,500 cal b.p., related to
a further increase in moisture.
2011010566
关于北海盆地南部鲁佩尔阶和夏特阶层型
的年代地层位置和状况 = On the nature and
chronostratigraphic position of the Rupelian
and Chattian stratotypes in the southern North
Sea basin. (英文). De Man E; Van Simaeys S;
Vandenberghe N; Harris W B; Wampler J M.
Episodes, 2010, 33(1): 3-14
The nature and chronostratigraphic position
of the Rupelian-Chattian boundary (Early-
Late Oligocene) unconformity in its historical
type region (Belgium) is examined using bio-
stratigraphy, strontium isotope dating of ben-
thic foraminifera and K-Ar dating of glauco-
nites.
The duration of this unconformity is de-
rived from the absence of the globally syn-
chronous Svalbardella dinocyst event associ-
ated with the important mid-Oligocene Oi2b
cooling that occurred in the middle and upper
part of chron C9n. This hiatus represents a gap
in the rock record of about 500,000 years.
Two Sr-87/Sr-86 dates from the upper Rupe-
lian Boom Formation and two from the lower
part of the Chattian Voort Formation suggest
that the boundary lies between 28.6 Ma and
27.2 Ma. Although there is some inconsis-
tency in the K-Ar glauconite dates, those con-
sidered correct from the upper part of the
Boom Formation and from lower part of the
Voort Formation suggest that the boundary
lies between 29.2 Ma and 27.0 Ma. Sr and K-
Ar dating indicate the top of the Rupelian not
to be older than 29 Ma and the basal Chattian
not younger than about 27 Ma. The recently
proposed GSSP in the Apennines with an es-
timated date of 28.2 +/- 0.2 Ma therefore hon-
ours the position of the historically defined
Rupelian-Chattian boundary.
2011010567
对俄罗斯科学院地质研究所编制的第四纪
地层表的演绎评述 = Evolution of views on
Quaternary stratigraphic scales worked out in
the Geological Institute, Russian Academy of
Sciences. (英文). Vangengeim E A. Stratigra-
phy and Geological Correlation, 2010, 18(6):
674-684
The Pliocene and Quaternary stratigraphic
schemes of Russia elaborated during the last
60 years by the scientists of the Department of
Quaternary Geology (presently the Laboratory
of the Quaternary Stratigraphy) of the Geo-
logical Institute, RAS, are analyzed. Principles
of compilation of the schemes, taxonomic
rank of subdivisions, and the problem of the
lower boundary of the Quaternary, are dis-
cussed. All the schemes are based on mammal
paleontology of East European continental
sediments and on correlation with the West
European faunas.
2011010568
俄罗斯鄂霍次克海海洋研究所隆起南部上
第四系沉积的生物地层 = Biostratigraphy of
Upper Quaternary sediments in the southern
part of the Oceanology Institute Rise, Sea of
Okhotsk. (英文). Pletnev S P; Cherepanova M
V; Ivanova E D; Utkin I V; Kuz’min Ya V;
Burr G S. Stratigraphy and Geological Corre-
lation, 2010, 18(4): 450-463
The diversified analysis (data on radiocar-
bon ages, diatoms, planktonic and benthic fo-
raminifers) of sediments from the central part
of the Sea of Okhotsk (core from a depth of
1186 m) made it possible to define five sedi-
mentary units corresponding to five marine
oxygen-isotope stages MIS 5-MIS 1 (the last
120 ka) and provide their thorough paleon-
tological characteristic, using different micro-
fossil groups. Microfossil assemblages dem-
onstrate variations in their abundance, distri-
bution of individual species, and representa-
tives of different ecological groups through
the section.
2011010569
塞浦路斯北部岩体沉积盖层的浮游有孔虫
生物地层：对 Aquitanian-Langhian 生物
带 的 评 述 = Planktonic foraminiferal bio-
stratigraphy from the sedimentary cover of
Troodos Massif, Northern Cyprus: Remarks
on Aquitanian-Langhian biozonation. (英文).
Hakyemez A; Toker V. Stratigraphy, 2010,
7(1): 33-59
A rich planktonic foraminiferal assemblage
including two new species, Globorotalia sinu-
ososuturalis n. sp. and Paragloborotalia le-
fkaraensis n. sp., have been recorded in the
uppermost part of the sedimentary cover of
Troodos Massif, exposed in Northern Cyprus.
177
The continuity of chalk and marl deposits
throughout the Aquitanian-Langhian time in-
terval, with an abundant and well diversified
assemblage, has provided to establish a de-
tailed biostratigraphic framework which can
be generally comparable with the recent stan-
dard and regional zonations. The mabioevents
defining the zonal boundaries are the LOs of
Paragloborotalia kugleri and Catapsydrax
dissimilis, the FOs of Globigerinoides
bisphericus, Praeorbulina sicana, Praeorbu-
lina glomerosa curva. Praeorbulina
glomerosa glomerosa and Orbulina summits.
Quantitative planktonic foraminiferal analyses
performed on two studied sections have al-
lowed to determine several secondary bio-
events for the latest Aquitanian-early Burdiga-
lian time interval. They are in stratigraphical
order, the FOs of Globigerinoides altiapertu-
rus and Globigerinoides trilobus, the LO of
Globigerinoides primordius, the FOs of
Paragloborotalia acrostoma and Globigeri-
noides subquadratus, the LO of Globo-
quadrina praedehiscens and finally the FO of
Globigerinella praesiphonifera. On the basis
of the biostratigraphic and quantitative data, it
has been concluded that the FO of Globigeri-
noides subquadratus, within the Globigeri-
noides altiaperturus/Catapsydrax dissimilis
Zone spanning a long interval in the Mediter-
ranean region, may be a correlative bioevent.
2011010570
Zeya-Bureya 盆地（阿穆尔河地区）的古
近 纪 成 煤 植 物 = Paleogene coal-forming
plants of the Zeya-Bureya Basin (Amur River
Region). (英文). Markevich V S; Bugdaeva E
V; Nichols D J; Sun Ge. Paleontological
Journal, 2010, 44(10): 1321-1331 7 图版.
Coal-forming plants from the Early Paleo-
gene coal mines of the Zeya-Bureya Basin
(Amur River Region) were studied. Dispersed
cuticles of taxodialeans were obtained from
coals for the first time in this region. Since the
Danian, taxodialeans became dominant ele-
ments in peat-forming environments and pro-
vided abundant plant material that transformed
into coal.
2011010571
瑞典高地南部 Hultsfred 冰碛下冰水沉积 =
Sub-till glaciofluvial sediments at Hultsfred,
South Swedish Upland. (英文). Alexanderson
H. GFF, 2010, 132(3-4): 153-159
In a gravel pit near Hultsfred, at the eastern
margin of the South Swedish Upland, gravelly,
sandy and silty-sandy beds covered by a thick,
stratified gravelly diamicton are exposed.
Large folds and shear-planes indicate post-
depositional deformation of the sorted sedi-
ments, which according to OSL dating have a
maximum Middle Weichselian (60ka) age.
The sand and gravel are interpreted as gla-
ciofluvial sediments that were deposited later-
ally during a Middle Weichselian deglaciation,
or possibly subglacially during the Late
Weichselian. The large-scale deformation was
due to glaciotectonics, caused by an overrid-
ing wet-based ice sheet during the last degla-
ciation. The subglacial hydrostatical pressure
was high and led to the formation of down-
ward-injected clastic dykes. A basal till, which
forms the cover moraine in the area, caps the
succession. The fairly frequent occurrence of
sub-till sediments on the South Swedish Up-
land demonstrates the limited effect of glacial
erosion in parts of this area. During the Last
Glacial Maximum, the South Swedish Upland
was an 'island' of slow-moving, polythermal
and at least partly non-erosive ice, surrounded
by faster ice-streams in the Baltic and in the
Skagerrak. The ice sheet may have left its
main impact on the landscape during short
periods during advance and deglaciation only.
2011010572
瑞典中东部耶斯特里克兰地区中全新世
Litorina 海海岸的迁移和花粉分析指示的
森林演替 = Litorina Sea shore displacement
and pollen analytical indications of forest suc-
cession during the Mid-Holocene in Gastrik-
land, east central Sweden. (英文). Berglund M.
GFF, 2010, 132(3-4): 213-226
This paper deals with the mid-Holocene
shore level history and vegetation develop-
ment in Gastrikland, east-central Sweden. This
is investigated using sediment and microfossil
records and 14C datings. The time span cov-
ered is c. 8000-5000 cal yr BP. Vegetation
history during this time includes an increase in
Tilia pollen 6500-6300 cal yr BP and a de-
crease in Ulmus and Corylus c. 5500 cal yr BP.
The former change coincides with a sharp
drop in relative sea level (RSL) of some 5 m;
this RSL drop can be correlated to the regres-
sion from the L3 transgression of the Litorina
Sea, identified in other areas around the Baltic
Sea. The possible connections between RSL
and climate (in particular changes on a mari-
time-continental continuum), as indicated by
new pollen data and other records, are investi-
gated. The new material shows, in comparison
to other pollen records from southern and cen-
tral Scandinavia, unusually high percentages
178
of Tilia, Ulmus and Corylus pollen, but less
Quercus. The change in pollen spectra around
5500 cal yr BP can be correlated to the north-
ern European oelm declineo. A regional cool-
ing is recorded in widespread data for this
time, but observations suggest that other fac-
tors must be considered here, including dis-
ease and change in the physical landscape due
to the ongoing land uplift.
2011010573
阿摩力克地块早期陆地植物：关于年龄和
环境的沉积学和孢粉学思考 = The early
land plants from the Armorican Massif: sedi-
mentological and palynological considerations
on age and environment. ( 英 文 ). Strullu-
Derrien C; Ducassou C; Ballevre M; Dabard
M P; Gerrienne P; Lardeux H; Le Herisse A;
Robin C; Steemans P; Strullu DG. Geological
Magazine, 2010, 147(6): 830-843
The Chateaupanne Unit belongs to the
South Armorican domain of the Armorican
Massif (France), which is part of the Variscan
belt. This unit includes two Lower Devonian
plant levels and one of them corresponds to
the Basal Member of the Chalonnes Forma-
tion. A sedimentological and palaeontological
analysis of these fossiliferous deposits from
the Chateaupanne quarry (Montjean/Loire,
Maine et Loire, France) is presented here for
the first time. The age determination based on
palynology indicates that the locality records
the earliest occurrence of plant megafossils in
the Armorican Massif. Their presence sug-
gests an emergence event that has never been
described before. Our study highlights the
promising potential of the Basal Member of
the Chalonnes Formation to aid in understand-
ing these occurrences, and provides new in-
sights into the history of the Variscan belt.
2011010574
摩洛哥西南部中-晚始新世脊椎动物群（海
洋鱼类和哺乳动物）：初步报道：年龄和
古生物地理意义 = A Middle-Late Eocene
vertebrate fauna (marine fish and mammals)
from southwestern Morocco; preliminary re-
port: age and palaeobiogeographical implica-
tions. (英文). Adnet S; Cappetta H; Tabuce R.
Geological Magazine, 2010, 147(6): 860-870
Recent field work in the southern Moroccan
Sahara ('Western Sahara'), south of the city of
ad-Dakhla, has led to the discovery of several
new fossiliferous sites with fossil vertebrates
in sedimentary deposits previously reported
for the Mio-Pliocene. The sedimentology and
geological setting of the studied area are
briefly reported here, and at least three units
have been identified in successive strati-
graphical sequences according to their fossil
content. The first preliminary list of vertebrate
associations is reported and consists mainly of
isolated teeth belonging to selachian and bony
fishes, a proboscidean tooth currently assigned
to ?Numidotherium sp. and many remains of
archaeocete whales (Basilosauridae). At least
48 species of selachians are presently identi-
fied; many of them are new and others are
recorded in the late Middle Eocene (Bartonian)
and Late Eocene (Priabonian) of Wadi Al-
Hitan (Egypt) or Wadi Esh-Shallala Formation
(Jordan) as in other African localities (e. g.
Otodus cf. sokolowi, 'Cretolamna' twiggsensis,
Xiphodolamia serrata, Misrichthys stromeri,
Hemipristis curvatus, Galeocerdo cf. eagle-
somi, Propristis schweinfurthi), probably indi-
cating a Late Eocene age for unit 2 of the bed-
rock successions. The evolutionary trend no-
ticeable on the proboscidean tooth is in
agreement with such an assumption, by com-
parison with the close relative species known
from the Eocene of Egypt, Libya and Algeria.
Indeed, the faunal associations from the Dak-
hla area clearly demonstrate the erroneous age
of these deposits, previously thought to be
Mio-Pliocene. It suggests a correlation in age
(late Middle Eocene-Late Eocene) and a simi-
lar environment with the famous marine de-
posits from Egypt and Jordan. It opens new
opportunities to understand the biogeography
and the surprising similarity of landscape be-
tween West and Northeast Africa during the
Bartonian-Priabonian period.
2011010575
马略卡岛（巴利阿里群岛，地中海西部）
上新世早期 Myotragus Bate, 1909（偶蹄
类，羊亚科）一新种 = A new species of
Myotragus Bate, 1909 (Artiodactyla, Caprinae)
from the Early Pliocene of Mallorca (Balearic
Islands, western Mediterranean). ( 英 文 ).
Bover P; Quintana J; Alcover J A. Geological
Magazine, 2010, 147(6): 871-885
Myotragus palomboi n.sp. (Artiodactyla,
Caprinae) is described from the Early Pliocene
of Mallorca (Balearic Islands, western Medi-
terranean). This species is the earliest repre-
sentative of the Myotragus lineage known to
date in the Balearic Islands. A metatarsal, and
several teeth and postcranial remains were
found in a karstic deposit located on the east
coast of the island, near Calo den Rafelino
(Manacor), together with remains of Hypo-
179
lagus, two rodent species, an insectivore and
several reptiles. The metatarsal and phalanges
of the new bovid are short and robust and dis-
play a combination of characters only ob-
served in Myotragus. The presence of a larger
p2, a metatarsal robustness index lower than
in M. pepgonellae (the earliest known species
to date), together with the morphology of the
incisors, all suggest that M. palomboi should
be considered as the ancestor of M. pepgonel-
lae. Short metapodials and the reduction of p2
displayed by M. palomboi could be linked to a
first stage of evolution in insular conditions.
The arrival of this bovid to the island of Mal-
lorca probably took place during the Mediter-
ranean Messinian Salinity Crisis (LateMio-
cene, 5.6 5.32 Ma ago). Although the relation-
ship of the new taxon to other fossil caprines
cannot be definitively established, it could be
phylogenetically close to the Late Miocene
European species Aragoral mudejar and Nor-
bertia hellenica.
2011010576
古新世-始新世之交全球快速变暖对新热带
区 植 被 的 影 响 = Effects of Rapid Global
Warming at the Paleocene-Eocene Boundary
on Neotropical Vegetation. (英文). Jaramillo
C; Ochoa D; Contreras L; Pagani M; Carvajal-
Ortiz H; Pratt L M; Krishnan S; Cardona A ;
Romero M; Quiroz L; Rodriguez G; Rueda M
J; de la Parra F; Moron S; Green W; Bayona
G; Montes C ; Quintero O; Ramirez R; Mora
G; Schouten S; Bermudez H; Nava. Sci-
ence, 2010, 330(6006): 957-961
Temperatures in tropical regions are esti-
mated to have increased by 3 degrees to 5 de-
grees C, compared with Late Paleocene values,
during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maxi-
mum (PETM, 56.3 million years ago) event.
We investigated the tropical forest response to
this rapid warming by evaluating the paly-
nological record of three stratigraphic sections
in eastern Colombia and western Venezuela.
We observed a rapid and distinct increase in
plant diversity and origination rates, with a set
of new taxa, mostly angiosperms, added to the
existing stock of low-diversity Paleocene flora.
There is no evidence for enhanced aridity in
the northern Neotropics. The tropical rainfor-
est was able to persist under elevated tempera-
tures and high levels of atmospheric carbon
dioxide, in contrast to speculations that tropi-
cal ecosystems were severely compromised by
heat stress.
2011010577
土耳其厄斯帕尔塔 İncesu 地区西 Taurides
北部早-“中”渐新世地层和古环境 = Strati-
graphy and palaeoenvironment of the Lower-
“middle” Oligocene units in the northern part
of the Western Taurides (İncesu area, Isparta,
Turkey). ( 英 文 ). Akkiraz S M; Akgün F;
Örçen S. Journal of Asian Earth Sci-
ences, 2011, 40(2): 452-474
This study describes the stratigraphic and
palaeoenvironmental significance of the
Lower-“middle” Oligocene sediments based
on the fauna from the Delikarkası Formation
and the microflora from the İncesu Formation
of the İncesu area (northern part of the west-
ern Taurides, Isparta province, Turkey). In the
area, the Oligocene sediments show a regres-
sive succession, which begins with the lime-
stones of the Delikarkası Formation indicating
marine conditions followed by conglomerates,
sandstones and coaly mudstones of alluvial
and fluvial (shallow marine-continental) ori-
gin. A well preserved foraminiferal assem-
blage including Nummulites intermedius,
Nummulites vascus and Halkyardia maxima
proves an Early Oligocene age for the De-
likarkası Formation. Due to palynological
markers such as Boehlensipollis hohli,
Slowakipollis hippophaëoides, Dicolpopollis
kockelii, Magnolipollis neogenicus ssp. minor,
Plicapollis pseudoexcelsus, Caryapollenites
simplex and Intratriporopollenites instructus
the İncesu Formation, which concordantly
rests on the Delikarkası Formation, may be
assigned to the Early-“middle” Oligocene.
From the palynomorph assemblage, three
zones have been recognised according to
abundance of species. Zone 1 is characterized
by predominance of C. simplex and Momipites
punctatus and rarely presence of tricolpate and
tricolporate pollen. Zone 2 consists mainly of
Inaperturopollenites dubius, Leiotriletes
maxoides ssp. maximus, Verrucatosporites
favus, Verrucatosporites alienus and infre-
quently marine dinoflagellate cysts. Zone 3 is
characterized by a high percentage of ferns
such as Echinatisporis?chattensis and Polypo-
diaceoisporites saxonicus. The presence of
marine dinoflagellate cysts like Apectodinium
sp. and Cleistosphaeridium sp., back-
mangrove elements such as Acrostichum
aureum and lepidocaryoid palms (e.g. Lon-
gapertites discordis, Longapertites punctatus
and Longapertites psilatus) in the sediments
of the İncesu Formation imply coastal or near-
coastal conditions. Terrestrial palynomorphs
in more inland settings were transported by
running water towards the sea. Conifers are
180
represented by poorly preserved and rare pol-
len grains of Pityosporites, Cathayapollis and
Piceapollis which may have been transported
by wind. In this study, the terrestrial climate
of the İncesu Formation is also discussed on
the basis of the Coexistence Approach method.
The climate was warm at the coast (over
20 °C), as evidenced by A. aureum and lepi-
docaryoid palms, whereas there was a mean
annual temperature of 17.2–17.4 °C must be
assumed for the upland environment(s).
2011010578
利用孢粉学分析研究 Tomisław（波兰下西
里西亚森林）附近的当地全新世历史 = The
local Holocene history near Tomisław (Lower
Silesian Forests, Poland) in the light of pollen
analysis. (英文). MALKIEWICZ M; MAJ J.
Acta Palaeobotanica, 2010, 50(1): 55-63 1 图
版.
A sedimentary core obtained from a mire ca.
2 km north-west of the village of Tomisław,
about 10 km west of the town Bolesławiec
(Silesian Forests) in western Poland, was in-
vestigated by pollen analysis. The core is 1.90
m long and preserves Holocene sediments that
range from the older part of the Boreal period
to the older part of the Subboreal period. Ab-
sence of the younger part of the Subboreal and
the entire Subatlantic periods seems to suggest
the gradual disappearance of mires in this re-
gion, corresponding with the previous fi
ndings of peat researchers. Peat disappearance
probably resulted from drainage of the area
and its subsequent use for agriculture or for-
estry.
2011010579
捷克共和国 Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl 的
全新世发展史.种群变化和古生态意义 =
Holocene history of Cladium mariscus (L.)
Pohl in the Czech Republic. Implications for
species population dynamics and palaeoecol-
ogy. (英文). Pokorný P; Sádlo J; Bernardová
A. Acta Palaeobotanica, 2010, 50(1): 65-76 3
图版.
The occurrence of Cladium mariscus (L.)
Pohl (Cyperaceae), a rare species in the Czech
Republic, is often considered a relict of earlier
phases of the Holocene. Hitherto its relict
status had only been assumed, based on
analogies from other European countries. We
confirm this assumption to a high degree,
based on palaeobotanical finds. We argue that
local occurrences of C. mariscus in the Czech
Republic can be considered as part of an inde-
pendent meta-population surviving over the
entire Holocene, rather than a component of
metapopulations stretching from other parts of
Europe where the species is more common. In
the Czech Republic Cladium mariscus has so
far been found at 11 modern localities and at 5
fossil sites as macrofossils. Its recent localities
are restricted to the last remnants of fen mires
in the middle course of the Labe (Elbe) River,
whereas the fossil sites occupy a much
broader area. Also habitats for the species
were more diverse during the past. The eco-
logical strategies of C. mariscus are rather
similar in the short-term perspective, as well
as on a millennial scale. The species is a
strong competitor forming in optimal condi-
tions compact and uniform stands. Its clonal
populations easily overcome the effect of
weak or short-term disturbances such as mow-
ing or burning. Although the occurrence of C.
mariscus is centred on fens and fen swamps,
the plant is not strictly calciphilous; rather it
requires dissolved salts suppressing the acces-
sibility of other nutrients. The spread of the
species is considerably limited by its ineffi-
cient dispersal of fruits and low survival ratio
of seedlings. The clear ability of C. mariscus
to persist in existing localities is in sharp con-
trast with its difficulties in colonizing new
habitats. Moreover, parental populations are
rare and poor at present in the Czech Republic
– for this reason the species cannot still keep
up with the changing patterns of appear-
ance/disappearance of vacant sites suitable for
colonization and growth of the species.
2011010580
波兰南部（西喀尔巴阡山脉）Huba 地区含
孢粉的中更新世沉积 = Pollen-bearing Mid-
dle Pleistocene deposits at Huba, southern
Poland (West Carpathians). (英文). Birkenma-
jer K; Hrynowiecka-Czmielewska A; Stuchlik
L. Acta Palaeobotanica, 2010, 50(2): 89-99 4
图版.
Pollen-bearing lacustrine sediments devel-
oped as plastic clays, and silty to sandy clays
with sand intercalations, over 5.75 m thick
(bottom not exposed) occur in the lower part
of the Middle Pleistocene section at Huba, the
Orawa-Nowy Targ Intramontane Basin, West
Carpathians (southern Poland). Their pollen
diagram indicates middle to late climatic
phases of the Mazovian (Holsteinian, Min-
del/Riss) Interglacial. The lacustrine sedi-
ments are overlain by a fl uvioglacial/fl uvial
gravel cover (5–8 m thick) which is correlated
with the Riss Glaciation of the Tatra Moun-
181
tains and, probably, with the beginning of the
Riss/Wurm Interglacial. The pollenbearing
sediments at Huba are the fi rst and the only
site of the Mindel/Riss Interglacial fossilifer-
ous deposits discovered so far in the West
Carpathians. They were slightly tectonically
tilted during Late Pleistocene.
2011010581
下圣山谷 Grodzisko Nowe 地区（波兰东南
部桑多梅日盆地）附近的末次冰期和全新
世植被和人类影响的发展 = The develop-
ment of Late Glacial and Holocene vegetation
and human impact near Grodzisko Nowe in
the Lower San Valley (Sandomierz Basin,
south-eastern Poland). ( 英 文 ). Kołaczek P.
Acta Palaeobotanica, 2010, 50(2): 101–117 6
图版.
Vegetation changes in the Lower San Val-
ley close to the Wisłok and San river conflu-
ence has been reconstructed from at least 12
700 cal. yr BP to the present on the basis of a
palynological analysis of the Grodzisko Nowe
profile supplemented with radiocarbon dating.
During the Younger Dryas chronozone vege-
tation was characterized by high tree cover,
which significantly exceeded the area of forest
nowadays. Radiocarbon datings (AMS tech-
nique) confirmed the palynologically estab-
lished Late Glacial/Holocene boundary, which
is demonstrated by a decrease in Artemisia,
Larix, and Juniperus curves with a decline in
NAP. A rapid expansion of Pinus probably
related to edaphic conditions caused the dis-
appearance of Betula from most habitats at the
beginning of the Preboreal chronozone (before
11 387–11 126 cal. yr BP). However, the latter
taxon dominates in the Holocene part of the
profile. In the pollen assemblages the probable
influence of the Mesolithic groups
(Janisławicka Culture) and the Tarnobrzeska
Group of the Lusitanian Culture on the local
vegetation has been recorded by visible rises
in NAP. Sediments which represent the activ-
ity period of the Przeworska Culture, underlie
modern sediments which makes interpretation
difficult. The pollen profile from Grodzisko
Nowe, like most of the profiles from the San-
domierz Basin, presents discontinuous sedi-
ment sequences, which is reflected in a lack of
records from the late Boreal/early Atlantic
chronozone up to the late Subboreal/early
Subatlantic chronozones, and the older part of
the Subatlantic chronozone.
2011010582
根据波兰 Woźniki-Wieluń 山地全新世森林
史研究 Jezioro 湖的植被变化 = Vegetation
changes in the Jezioro Lake on the back-
ground of the Holocene history of forests,
Woźniki-Wieluń Upland, Poland.. ( 英 文 ).
Nita M; Szymczyk A. Acta Pa-
laeobotanica, 2010, 50(2): 119–132 4 图版.
The results of pollen and macrofossil analy-
sis of organic deposits from the Jezioro Lake
site are described here. It is one of a few sites
in the Silesian-Cracovian Upland where al-
most complete transformation of vegetation at
the end of Vistulian (Younger Dryas) and
Holocene were recorded (i.e. from the Prebo-
real to the Subboreal). Six local pollen assem-
blage zones record vegetation transformations
from the open assemblages of Younger Dryas
herbaceous, through older Holocene birch-
pine, to multispecies deciduous forest vegeta-
tion of the Atlantic and Subboreal chrono-
zones. It is also the only natural water body
(apart from ox-bow lakes) in the Woźniki-
Wieluń Upland that is protected by law as an
ecological site. The analysis of plant macro-
fossils (7 local macrofossil assemblage zones)
made it possible to study the development of
aquatic and rush vegetation and trophic trans-
formations. The oligotrophic character of the
lake at the beginning of the Preboreal is de-
noted by numerous micro- and megaspores of
Isoëtes lacustris.
2011010583
Orawa-Nowy Targ 盆地（波兰东南部）过
去两千年的植被发展和人类活动 = The last
two millennia of vegetation development and
human activity in the Orawa-Nowy Targ Ba-
sin (south-eastern Poland). (英文). Kołaczek P;
Fiałkiewicz-Kozieł B; Karpińska-Kołaczek M;
Gałka M. Acta Palaeobotanica, 2010, 50(2):
133–148 5 图版.
The aim of this paper was to reconstruct
environmental changes during the last 2 kyr in
the Orawa-Nowy Targ Basin based on paly-
nological anlaysis and the radiocarbon dating
of two peat bog profi les from Puścizna Mała
and Puścizna Krauszowska. So far, pollen pro-
files from this area have failed to include any
radiocarbon dates from this period. The first
human activity was recorded between the 1st
and the 6th centuries AD when the sporadic
presence of Cerealia pollen may point to agri-
cultural activity by the Przeworsk Culture
tribes. The reversal of the chronological order
of layers between the 7th and the 17th century
in Puścizna Krauszowska is also the result of
182
human activity on the peat bog dome. This has
led to the exclusion of this part from consid-
eration. Busier economic activity in the 9th–
11th centuries in Puścizna Mała is apparent
from more frequent occurrences of Cerealia
type and Secale cereale pollen, as well as
from the rise in the proportions of open
ground herbs. However, historical sources do
not confirm constant settlement in this area at
that time. The beginning of medieval coloni-
zation caused strong deforestation in the
Orawa-Nowy Targ Basin, when mainly beech-
fir forests and on a smaller scale spruce were
destroyed. The domes of reclaimed peat bogs
were colonized by Calluna vulgaris and Pinus
sylvestris. An increase in the percentage of
coprophilous fungi in the profiles indicates
development of pastures. Between medieval
and present times the sharp rise in the fre-
quency of charred particles may be explained
by peat bog fires and/or the foundation of fac-
tories in the 20th century.
2011010584
波兰下西里西亚省莱格尼察市褐煤沉积复
合体的中中新世孢粉植物群 = Middle Mio-
cene palynoflora of the Legnica lignite deposit
complex, Lower Silesia, Poland. ( 英 文 ).
Worobiec E. Acta Palaeobotanica, 2009,
49(1): 5-133 26 图版.
Palynological analysis of three profiles of
the Miocene deposits from Legnica site (east
field, 33/56 and 41/52 profiles) and Ruja site
(fragment of the Komorniki 97/72 profile) has
been presented. The samples consisted of ma-
terial from the 2nd Lusatian lignite seam, the
Mużaków series, the 1st Henryk lignite seam
and grey clays of the Poznań series. The age
of the flora was defined as Badenian (?Late
Karpatian – Late Badenian). During the stud-
ies a total of 201 taxa from 96 genera (includ-
ing 195 taxa from 92 genera of pollen and
spores) were identified. The systematic part of
this work gives descriptions of selected
sporomorphs and phytoplankton microfossils.
Some informations about botanical affinity,
occurrence in fossil floras and in the studied
material, as well as about allied recent plants
are given in remarks. The results are presented
in three pollen diagrams. The taxa have been
classi-fied to an appropriate palaeofloristical
element mainly on the basis of the checklist of
selected pollen and spores taxa from the Neo-
gene deposits. The dominance of warm-
temperate (A1) element and frequency of pa-
laeotropical taxa in various parts of the pro-
files point to a warm-temperate climate. The
results were used for reconstruction of
changes in local vegetation during the sedi-
mentation of deposits under study. The fol-
lowing types of fossil plant communities were
distinguished: swamp forest, bush swamp,
riparian forest, mixed mesophytic forest, and
reed marshes. The clear and constant pre-
dominance of swamp forest pollen taxa in the
total sum implies a dominant role of this type
of communities in formation of the lignite
deposits. The presented pollen diagrams show
their strong similarity to elaborated earlier
diagrams from the Polish Lowland, but in the
Mużaków series marine in-gression’s influ-
ence and presence of reed marshes (consid-
ered to be an early stage of succession on the
Miocene peat-bogs) were confirmed.
2011010585
波兰下西里西亚省莱格尼察市附近新近纪
褐煤沉积中的分散角质层 = Dispersed cuti-
cles from the Neogene Ruja lignite deposit
near Legnica, Lower Silesia, Poland. (英文).
Worobiec G; Kasinski J. Acta Pa-
laeobotanica, 2009, 49(1): 135-191
Dispersed cuticles from two boreholes,
Komorniki 97/72 and 97/73, drilled in Ruja
lignite deposit near Legnica, Lower Silesia,
Poland were investigated. Altogether 19 taxa
from 13 genera were identified, belonging to
11 families of pteridophyta, gymnosperms and
angiosperms. Two new taxa were described
(Salix semihausruckensis sp. nov. and Dicoty-
lophyllum rujense sp. nov.). As with the leaf
macroremains from the same samples, all dis-
persed cuticle assemblages are characterized
by dominance of floristic elements of the wet-
land vegetation. The floristic composition
confirms their Middle Miocene (Badenian)
age, and the existence of warm temperate cli-
mate conditions with mild winters.
2011010586
印度阿萨姆邦北 achar 山 Kopili 组（晚始
新世）的孢粉调查 = Palynological investi-
gation of the Kopili Formation (Late Eocene)
in North Cachar Hills, Assam, India. (英文).
Saxena R K; TrivedI G K. Acta Pa-
laeobotanica, 2009, 49(2): 253-277 6 图版.
A rich and diverse palynoassemblage has
been recorded from the Kopili Formation
(Late Eocene) exposed in North Cachar Hills,
Assam, India. The assemblage contains dinofl
agellate cysts (1 genus and 1 species), fungal
remains (9 genera and 9 species), bryophytic
spores (1 genus and 1 species), pteridophytic
183
spores (16 genera and 44 species), gymno-
spermous pollen (4 genera and 5 species), an-
giospermous pollen (19 genera and 23 species)
and reworked palynomorphs (7 genera and 7
species). Of these, one species and 22 combi-
nations are proposed as new. These are: Bacu-
latisporites cephalus (Saxena) comb. nov., B.
microgranifer (Sah & Jain) comb. nov.,
Hammenisporis aidaensis (Kar) comb. nov., H.
assamensis sp. nov., H. microverrucosus (Kar
& Saxena) comb. nov., H. multicostatus (Kar
& Saxena) comb. nov., H. paucicostatus (Kar)
comb. nov., H. susannae (van der Hammen)
comb. nov., Laevigatosporites chatterjii (Kar)
comb. nov., L. indicus (Singh et al.) comb.
nov., L. intrapunctatus (Kar & Jain) comb.
nov., L. levis (Sah) comb. nov., L. punctatus
(Singh et al.) comb. nov., L. strictus (Kar &
Saxena) comb. nov., Polypodiisporonites for-
mosus (Salujha et al.) comb. nov., P. minor
(Sah) comb. nov., P. ornatus (Sah) comb. nov.,
P. speciosus (Sah) comb. nov., P. splendidus
(Salujha et al.) comb. nov., P. tuberculensis
(Baksi) comb. nov., and P. turbinatus (Sah)
comb. nov., Monocolpopollenites kutchensis
(Venkatachala & Kar) comb. nov., and M.
nadhamunii (Venkatachala & Kar) comb. nov.
The palynofl ora indicates a tropical-
subtropical, warm-humid climate with heavy
precipitation during the sedimentation of the
Kopili Formation. The environment of deposi-
tion has been interpreted as coastal with fresh
water swamps and ponds nearby. The source
area of the reworked Permian palynomorphs
may be Lower Gondwana exposures at Sin-
grimari, Garo Hills, Meghalaya. The present
assemblage is identical to the Kopili assem-
blage recorded from the neighbouring Jaintia
Hills, Meghalaya and is Late Eocene in age.
2011010587
波 兰 东 北 部 Miłkowskie 湖 地 区
Plenivistulian 期-晚全新世的植被发展 =
Vegetation development in the Lake
Miłkowskie area, north-eastern Poland, from
the Plenivistulian to the late Holocene. (英文).
Wacnik A. Acta Palaeobotanica, 2009, 49(2):
287-335 11 图版.
Pollen and fossil green algae studies of bot-
tom sediments from Lake Miłkowskie provide
new data about the post-glacial history of ter-
restrial and lacustrine vegetation in the Great
Mazurian Lake District region. The studied
basin is a small gully lake fi lled up with
sediments almost 25 m thick, which were
partly annually laminated. This paper de-
scribes the events and stages of plant cover
development from the Plenivistulian ca. 16
600 cal. BP, when the sediment deposition
process began, until the younger Holocene ca.
3800 cal. BP. Special attention is paid to Late
Glacial palynostratigraphy which is poorly
known so far. Detailed radiocarbon chronol-
ogy has made it possible to determine the age
of particular phenomena, which is especially
important in the context of sedimentological
gaps present in the Late Glacial section. The
studied profi le is the longest pollen record of
post-glacial evolution of vegetation in north-
east Poland. Pollen analysis, for example, re-
vealed the local presence of Larix since the
Plenivistulian; the early dominance of Hippo-
phaë rhamnoides ca. 14 400–14 200 cal. BP;
the early immigration of tree birches (confi
rmed by macrofossil remains) and the estab-
lishment of woodland at ca. 14 200–14 150 cal.
BP; the rapid opening up of the landscape and
intensive development of juniper at ca. 12
600–12 000 cal. BP and the late migration of
spruce ca. 3900 cal. BP. Palaeoalgological
studies showed a close correlation among cli-
mate, sediment type and fossil green algae
taxonomic composition.
2011010588
用加速质谱仪对 Miłkowskie 湖晚冰期沉积
物作碳同位素测年 = Radiocarbon dating of
Late Glacial sediments of Lake Miłkowskie
by accelerator mass spectrometry. ( 英 文 ).
Czernik J. Acta Palaeobotanica, 2009, 49(2):
337-352 11 图版.
This paper presents results of 14C dating of
Late Glacial sediments from Lake Miłkowskie,
NE Poland. This sediments reveal annual
lamination, biogenic in the upper part and
minerogenic at the bottom, however, the lami-
nation is not continuous over the profi le.
Along the Late Glacial part of sediments 6
individual laminated sequences were distin-
guished. The youngest analysed laminated
sequence corresponds to Allerod/Younger
Dryas and 14C dates of this part of sediments
fi t 14C calibration curve quite well. In the
deeper part, at a transition from biogenic to
minerogenic lamination a period of birch tree
development is documented on pollen diagram.
By calibration of 14C dates from this transi-
tion, the development of birch has been dated
to 12 500±60 14C BP against INTCAL04. In
the lowermost sediments (with clastic lamina-
tion) plant macroremains from different envi-
ronments (terrestrial, aquatic and intermediate)
were found. 14C dates of all these macrore-
mains are similar to each other, claiming for
184
their reliability, and confi rming that this
fragment of sediments covered quite short
period of time. Altogether 14C dating at the
Late Glacial part of Lake Miłkowskie sedi-
ments indicated that pollen diagram drawn in
relationship to age has quite different propor-
tions from that present at a depth scale. This
show that pollen analysis of Late Glacial
sediments, made without careful study of their
chronology, may give a wrong picture of the
vegetation dynamics.
2011010589
波 兰 Podlasie 省 北 部 Eemian 间 冰 期 和
Vistulian 冰 期 早 期 湖 区 的 植 被 和 气 候 =
Vegetation and climate of the Eemian and
Early Vistulian lakeland in northern Podlasie.
( 英 文 ). Mirosława K. Acta Pa-
laeobotanica, 2008, 48(1): 3-130 65 图版.
Material for the study comes from 22 pa-
laeolakes and palaeobogs in three macrore-
gions – Białystok Upland, Sokółka Hills and
Bielsk Upland – of northern Podlasie (north-
eastern Poland). Six hundred and fourteen
samples from 28 cores were examined by
means of pollen analysis, and 300 samples
from two most important profiles – Solniki
and Dzierniakowo – using lithological analy-
ses of the sediments were carried out, namely
magnetic susceptibility, grain size distribution,
concentration of 13C and 18O isotopes, organic
carbon and calcium carbonate content. The
results of the pollen analysis are presented
graphically on diagrams. In each of them bio-
stratigraphical units at the level of local pollen
assemblage zones (L PAZ) were distinguished.
On that basis it was determined that the stud-
ied sediment sequences span the closing phase
of the late glacial of Wartanian (Saalian) gla-
ciation, the Eemian interglacial and the early
glacial of the Vistulian (Weichselian). Corre-
lation of local pollen zones from all investi-
gated profiles allowed to distinguish 14 re-
gional pollen assemblage zones (R PAZ).
They were correlated with pollen zones rec-
ognized in other pollen profiles from Poland
and Europe, and also with bio- and
chronostratigraphical units marked with vari-
ous methods in Greenland’s ice cores and sea
sediments. The results of investigation were
used to reconstruct vegetation succession and
climate changes across the great part of the
last interglacial-glacial cycle, from the final
stage of the Wartanian glaciation to the end of
the Early Vistulian. Two sites – Solniki and
Dzierniakowo – play vital role in this recon-
struction. Profile from Solniki contains very
well developed record of environmental
changes during the Eemian interglacial. From
the data obtained it occurs that this record reg-
isters two intra-Eemian fluctuations of the
climate. The first of them fell to the middle
part of the hornbeam zone (ENP5 Carpinus R
PAZ) being probably manifested only by a
significant decrease in precipitation with no
fluctuations in temperature level. Hiatus, that
in the numerous profiles from northern Pod-
lasie contains a younger part of the hornbeam
phase of the Eemian interglacial and the entire
spruce phase (ENP6 Picea-Pinus-(Abies) R
PAZ), is probably the effect of that climate
change. Additionally, as a result of that
change water level in lakes and bogs de-
creased. It was then followed by a temporal
stopping of sediment accumulation in those
basins or even through deposit decomposition
(through drying) of what was earlier accumu-
lated there. The paper deals also with other
hypothetical causes of such abrupt decrease in
water level, such as melting of permafrost,
lowering of riverine erosion level, or other
local conditions. The second climate fluctua-
tion took place in the middle part of the pine
phase (subzones b and c of the ENP7 Pinus R
PAZ). The decrease in forested areas and the
increase in open plant communities of a cold
step type with domination of the Artemisia
genus was a result of environment change into
a cool continental climate. Profiles from
Dzierniakowo and Solniki contain a high-
resolution record of the early glacial stage of
the Vistulian glaciation. This permitted a de-
tailed reconstruction of environment changes
during that period to be done. Cold fluctuation
of the climate appeared in the Brørup intersta-
dial sensu lato. It seems likely that it repre-
sented the cooling that separated the Amers-
foord and Brørup sensu stricto interstadials.
2011010590
莱格尼察市（波兰下西里西亚省）附近新
近纪 Ruja 褐煤沉积钻芯中的植物组合 =
Plant assemblages of the drill cores from the
Neogene Ruja lignite deposit near Legnica
(Lower Silesia, Poland). (英文). Worobiec G;
Worobiec E; Kasiński J. Acta Pa-
laeobotanica, 2008, 48(2): 191-275 24 图版.
Fossil plant remains (mainly macroremains
of leaves and sporomorphs) were investigated
from two boreholes of Ruja lignite deposit
near Legnica, Lower Silesia, Poland. In the
fossil plant assemblages there were found 34
taxa belonging to the families Betulaceae,
Blechnaceae, Cercidiphyllaceae, Cupressaceae,
185
Fagaceae, Hydrocharitaceae, Juglandaceae,
Malvaceae, Myricaceae, Nyssaceae, Osmun-
daceae, Poaceae, Salicaceae, Sapindaceae,
Ulmaceae, and Zingiberaceae. All assem-
blages are characterized by dominance of wet-
land vegetation (swamp and riparian) elements.
Floristic composition of all investigated hori-
zons point to their Middle Miocene (Badenian)
age and suggest warm temperate climate con-
ditions with mild winters.
2011010591
科宁褐煤盆地（波兰中部）中中新世植物
群新知 = Contribution to the knowledge of
the Middle Miocene flora from Konin Brown
Coal Basin (Central Poland). ( 英 文 ).
Kowalski R. Acta Palaeobotanica, 2008,
48(2): 277–299 5 图版.
Carpological remains from Miocene aged
Lubstów open-pit mine in the Konin Brown
Coal Basin are reported. Fossils were col-
lected from rich fluvial deposits belonging to
the uppermost part of the Adamów Formation.
From this horizon 20 taxa have been identified
and comprise mostly angiosperm plants. Four
species (Cupressoconus rhenanus Kilpper,
Cupressospermum saxonicum Mai, Leucothoe
lusatica Mai, and Cladium cf. europaeum
Dorofeev) represent first reports from the Ter-
tiary of Poland. Determined macroremains
evidence wetland domination and the col-
lected carpological materials indicates warm
temperate or subtropical climates.
2011010592
威赫塞尔盛冰期后期，末次冰期和早全新
世 Reinberg 盆地（德国东北部前波莫瑞）
及其周边的植被和环境 = Vegetation and
environment in and around the Reinberg basin
(Vorpommern, NE Germany) during the
Weichselian late Pleniglacial, Lateglacial, and
Early Holocene. (英文). DE Klerk P; Helbig
H; Janke W. Acta Palaeobotanica, 2008,
48(2): 301–324 7 图版.
Combined palaeoecological and sedimen-
tological analyses of a core from a kettle-hole
in Vorpommern (NE Germany) allow the re-
construction of the interaction between vege-
tation and environment during the Weich-
selian late Pleniglacial, Lateglacial, and Early
Holocene. A humus-containing soil horizon
(Reinberg horizon) occurs in the upper part of
Pleniglacial sand. This humus formed in a
local environment of shallow wet ponds and
low dry mineral mounds. Water levels were
generally rather low. Rising water levels at the
beginning of the Lateglacial drowned this en-
vironment and a lake formed. The vegetation
development shows a phase with an open re-
gional vegetation (Oldest Dryas or earlier part
of the Meiendorf), a period with prominence
of Hippophaë (Bølling or later part of the
Meiendorf), and a subsequent second phase
with a more open regional vegetation (Older
Dryas). The sediment parameter, together with
the reconstructed vegetation, point at a gradual
shift to a more humid climate during these
vegetation phases. Deposition of CaCO3
ceased during the Hippophaë phase. During
the Lateglacial Betula/Pinus forest phase (Al-
lerød) forests dominated the dry grounds. Soil
erosion had largely stopped and organic sedi-
ments were deposited. A prominent pollen
fluctuation around the Laacher See tephra
shows a minor vegetational and environmental
reaction on the eruption of the Laacher See
volcano. Silicate input by the tephra favoured
diatom populations to expand and prohibited
solution of dead diatoms. Open vegetation
phase III (Younger Dryas) shows a tripartite
opening-up of the regional vegetation. The
vegetation was denser and soil erosion was
less severe than during the early vegetation
phases of the Lateglacial. At the transition to
the Holocene, a prominent lowering of water
levels caused destruction and/or removal of
the upper Lateglacial sediments. After water
levels rose again, a peatland developed in the
basin.
2011010593
印度 Kumaun 喜马拉雅温带晚第四纪植被
和气候（有关新构造运动扰动的讨论） =
Late Quaternary vegetation and climate from
temperate zone of the Kumaun Himalaya, In-
dia (with remarks on neotectonic disturbance).
(英文). Gupta A. Acta Palaeobotanica, 2008,
48(2): 325-333 3 图版.
The past vegetation and climate that existed
in the temperate zone of the Kumaun Hima-
laya, have been traced back to the early Holo-
cene by means of palynological investigations
of the lacustrine sediments at Sukha Tal in the
Naini Tal District of Kumaun. Pollen data
show that around 8700 ± 170 years B.P. the
study area had a predominance of non-
arboreal pollen with a poor presence of arbo-
real pollen which soonafter (around 7600
years B.P.) expanded, resulting in the estab-
lishment of mixed oak forests, with a corre-
sponding fall in non-arboreal pollen. This in-
dicates a change in climate to warm and hu-
mid conditions. Around 4200 years B.P. oak
186
considerably declined with a rise in pine, re-
flecting a deterioration in climatic conditions.
Near the onset of the Late Holocene, mixed
oak forests returned, indicating that the cli-
mate soon ameliorated and again became
warm and humid. The study site consists of a
concealed fault and the contemporary zones of
both arms of this fault are broadly comparable
which further strengthens the reconstruction of
the past vegetation and corresponding climate
of the region.
2011010594
日本西南部南九洲中-晚上新世上宫崎群的
综合地层学研究 = Integrated stratigraphy of
the Middle to Late Pliocene upper Miyazaki
Group, southern Kyushu, Southwest Japan.
(英文). Morimoto J; Oda M; Torii M, et al..
Stratigraphy, 2010, 7(1): 25-32
Neogene sedimentary deposits are present
in the Miyazaki region, southern Kyushu, on
the Pacific side of southwestern Japan. The
upper part of the Miyazaki Group, exposed in
the Tsuma-Takanabe region of northern Miya-
zaki, is divided into the Tsuma. Sadowara, and
Takanabe formations, in ascending order, and
contains a planktic foraminiferal and calcare-
ous nannofossil record of Pliocene events of
the mid-latitude northwestern Pacific. The
geological age of these units is based on mag-
neto- and biostratigraphy. Five calcareous
nannofossil datum horizons are recognized:
the last occurrence (LO) of Reticulofenestra
pseudoumbilicus, the termination of acme
zone II of Reticulofenestra minutula var. C,
the LO of R. minutula var. B, calcareous
nannofossil datum plane A, and the termina-
tion of acme zone I of R. minutula var. C. Six
planktic foraminiferal bioevents are also rec-
ognized: a coiling direction change, from sin-
istral to dextral, in the genus Pulleniatina; the
first occurrence (FO) of Globorotalia crassa-
formis; the LOs of Globorotalia margaritae,
Sphaeroidinellopsis seminulina, and Den-
toglobigerina altispira; and the FO of
Neogloboquadrina asanoi. The presence of
two calcareous nannofossil bioevents, Datum
A and the termination of acme zone I of R.
minitula var. C, suggests that the normal and
reversed polarity intervals of the upper part of
the Takanabe Formation correspond to Chron
C2An.1n (latest Gauss Normal Epoch) and
Chron C2r.2r (earliest Matuyama Reversed
Epoch), respectively. Based on combined flo-
ral and faunal data and magnetostratigraphic
chron boundaries from the ATNTS2004, the
upper part of the Miyazaki Group is Middle to
Late Pliocene in age.
2011010595
日射和二氧化碳促成中布容事件前后的间
冰期气候 = Insolation and CO2 contribution
to the interglacial climate before and after the
Mid-Brunhes Event. (英文). Yin Q Z; Berger
A. Nature geoscience, 2010, 3(4): 243-246
Reconstructions of climate from marine
sediment and ice cores show that the ampli-
tude of glacial-interglacial climate cycles in-
creased substantially after the Mid-Brunhes
Event, about 430,000 years ago. Interglacial
periods before the event seem to be character-
ized by larger continental ice sheets, lower sea
level, cooler temperatures in Antarctica and
lower atmospheric CO2 concentrations, rela-
tive to the more recent interglacials. Here we
use an Earth system model of intermediate
complexity to assess the contributions of inso-
lation and greenhouse-gas concentrations to
the climate associated with the peaks of all the
interglacials over the past 800,000 years. Our
simulations recreate the expected warmer in-
terglacials after the Mid-Brunhes Event and
suggest that later interglacials are warmer
primarily because of increased global mean
temperatures during Northern Hemisphere
winters. This warmth arises from increased
insolation during this season, relative to the
interglacials that preceded the Mid-Brunhes
Event, in conjunction with increased atmos-
pheric greenhouse-gas concentrations. The
effect of boreal winters and of the Southern
Hemisphere, which is also warmer during aus-
tral winters, on the carbon cyle should be as-
sessed when investigating the underlying
causes of the higher CO2 concentrations dur-
ing the later interglacials.
2011010596
过去海洋钙化对大量二氧化碳释放的约束
= Past constraints on the vulnerability of ma-
rine calcifiers to massive carbon dioxide re-
lease. (英文). Ridgwell A; Schmidt D N. Na-
ture geoscience, 2010, 3(3): 196-200
Increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide
in sea water are driving a progressive acidifi-
cation of the ocean. Although the associated
changes in the carbonate chemistry of surface
and deep waters may adversely affect marine
calcifying organisms, current experiments do
not always produce consistent results for a
given species. Ocean sediments record past
biological responses to transient greenhouse
warming and ocean acidification. During the
187
Palaeocene-Eocene thermal maximum, for
example, the biodiversity of benthic calcifying
organisms decreased markedly, whereas ex-
tinctions of surface dwellers were very limited.
Here we use the Earth system model GENIE-1
to simulate and compare directly past and pre-
sent environmental changes in the marine
realm. In our simulation of future ocean con-
ditions, we find an undersaturation with re-
spect to carbonate in the deep ocean that ex-
ceeds that experienced during the Palaeocene-
Eocene thermal maximum and could endanger
calcifying organisms. Furthermore, our simu-
lations show higher rates of environmental
change at the surface for the future than the
Palaeocene-Eocene thermal maximum, which
could potentially challenge the ability of
plankton to adapt.
2011010597
在海洋缺氧 2 事件中因火山二氧化碳增多
而导致的碳封存 = Carbon sequestration acti-
vated by a volcanic CO2 pulse during Ocean
Anoxic Event 2. (英文). Barclay R S; McEl-
wain J C; Sageman B B. Nature geo-
science, 2010, 3(3): 205-208
The Cretaceous Ocean Anoxic Event 2
(about 94 million years ago) is thought to be
linked to extensive volcanism, which triggered
a biogeochemical chain of events that eventu-
ally led to widespread marine anoxia and a
remarkable increase in carbon burial in marine
sediments. It has been suggested that the event
was accompanied by a substantial decrease in
atmospheric CO2 concentrations, but the quan-
tification of the drawdown remains controver-
sial. Here we reconstruct atmospheric
CO2 concentrations throughout the ocean an-
oxic event from counts of the stomata in fossil
leaves, and use terrestrial carbon isotopes to
link the reconstruction to marine records of
the event. We find that before the onset of
ocean anoxia, atmospheric CO2 concentra-
tions increased by 20% over background lev-
els of 370(+100)/(-70) ppm. This was part of a
long-term rise in atmospheric CO2 levels,
presumably caused by volcanism, which
reached a peak of 500(+400)/(-180) ppm.
However, two pulses of extensive carbon bur-
ial during the ocean anoxic event, as indicated
by positive carbon isotope excursions, are as-
sociated with decreased atmospheric
CO2 concentrations. We conclude that the
sequestration of marine organic carbon led to
a decrease in atmospheric CO2 concentration
of up to 26% during Ocean Anoxic Event 2.
2011010598
根据上新世二氧化碳浓度所判定的地球系
统气候的高敏感度 = High Earth-system cli-
mate sensitivity determined from Pliocene
carbon dioxide concentrations. (英文). Pagani
M; Liu Z H; LaRiviere J; Ravelo A C. Nature
geoscience, 2010, 3(1): 27-30
Climate sensitivity-the mean global tem-
perature response to a doubling of atmos-
pheric CO2 concentrations through radiative
forcing and associated feedbacks-is estimated
at 1.5-4.5 degrees C . However, this value in-
corporates only relatively rapid feedbacks
such as changes in atmospheric water vapour
concentrations, and the distributions of sea ice,
clouds and aerosols. Earth-system climate
sensitivity, by contrast, additionally includes
the effects of long-term feedbacks such as
changes in continental ice-sheet extent, terres-
trial ecosystems and the production of green-
house gases other than CO2. Here we recon-
struct atmospheric carbon dioxide concentra-
tions for the early and middle Pliocene, when
temperatures were about 3-4 degrees C
warmer than preindustrial values, to estimate
Earth-system climate sensitivity from a fully
equilibrated state of the planet. We demon-
strate that only a relatively small rise in at-
mospheric CO2 levels was associated with
substantial global warming about 4.5 million
years ago, and that CO2 levels at peak tem-
peratures were between about 365 and 415
ppm. We conclude that the Earth-system cli-
mate sensitivity has been significantly higher
over the past five million years than estimated
from fast feedbacks alone.
2011010599
过去两个冰期千年尺度的气候变化的性质
= The nature of millennial-scale climate vari-
ability during the past two glacial periods. (英
文). Margari V; Skinner L C; Tzedakis P C;
Ganopolski A; Vautravers M; Shackleton N J.
Nature geoscience, 2010, 3(2): 127-131
During the last glacial period, iceberg dis-
charges into the North Atlantic disrupted the
meridional overturning circulation, leading to
cooling in the Northern Hemisphere and
warming in Antarctica. This asymmetric re-
sponse can be explained by a bipolar see-saw
mechanism, whereby changes in the strength
of the meridional overturning circulation lead
to changes in the interhemispheric heat trans-
port. It is unclear, however, to what extent the
response of the overturning circulation is a
function of freshwater flux and boundary cli-
mate conditions. Here we use foraminiferal
188
isotope and pollen records from the Portu-
guese margin to reconstruct surface-and deep-
water hydrography and atmospheric changes
during the last and penultimate glacial periods.
When we compare our records with tempera-
ture reconstructions from Antarctica6, we find
that the bipolar see-saw was a characteristic
feature of both glacial periods. However, the
comparison also underlines the dependence of
the bipolar see-saw on background climate
and magnitude of iceberg discharge. It also
suggests that an intensified hydrological cycle
may lead to a weaker overturning circulation
with a smaller disruption threshold and ex-
tended North Atlantic stadial durations.

2011010600
北极区在始新世极热事件 2 中的温暖和潮
湿条件 = Warm and wet conditions in the
Arctic region during Eocene Thermal Maxi-
mum 2. (英文). Sluijs A; Schouten S; Donders
T H; Schoon P L; Rohl U; Reichart G J; San-
giorgi F; Kim J H; Damste JSS ; Brinkhuis H.
Nature geoscience, 2009, 2(11): 777-780
Several episodes of abrupt and transient
warming, each lasting between 50,000 and
200,000 years, punctuated the long-term
warming during the Late Palaeocene and
Early Eocene (58 to 51 Myr ago) epochs.
These hyperthermal events, such as the Eo-
cene Thermal Maximum 2 (EMT2) that took
place about 53.5 Myr ago, are associated with
rapid increases in atmospheric CO2 content.
However, the impacts of most events are
documented only locally. Here we show, on
the basis of estimates from the TEX proxy,
that sea surface temperatures rose by 3-5 de-
grees C in the Arctic Ocean during the EMT2.
Dinoflagellate fossils demonstrate a concomi-
tant freshening and eutrophication of surface
waters, which resulted in euxinia in the photic
zone. The presence of palm pollen implies that
coldest month mean temperatures over the
Arctic land masses were no less than 8 de-
grees C, in contradiction of model simulations
that suggest hyperthermal winter temperatures
were below freezing. In light of our recon-
structed temperature and hydrologic trends,
we conclude that the temperature and hydro-
graphic responses to abruptly increased at-
mospheric CO2 concentrations were similar
for the ETM2 and the better-described Palaeo-
cene-Eocene Thermal Maximum 55.5 Myr
ago.

189