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Physics 111 Homework Solution #10
Physics 111 Homework Solution #10
SOLUTION #10
~i × ~i = ~j × ~j = ~k × ~k = ~0
~i × ~j = ~k = −~j × ~i
~j × ~k = ~i = −~k × ~j
~k × ~i = ~j = −~i × ~k
~ ×N
M ~ = (4~i + ~j − 3~k) × (~i − 2~j − 5~k)
= −8~k + 20~j − ~k − 5~i − 3~j − 6~i
= −11~i + 17~j − 9~k
0.2
2
0.3.
We will choose clockwise as our positive direction and apply the formula
for a torque:
X
~τnet = F~i × ~ri
X
τnet = Fi ri sin θi
0.3
A light, rigid rod of length l = 1.00 m joins two particles, with masses
m1 = 4.00 kg and m2 = 3.00 kg, at its ends. The combination rotates
in the xy plane about a pivot through the center of the rod (see figure
below). Determine the angular momentum of the system about the
origin when the speed of each particle is 2.00 m/s.
3
Angular momentum of the system :
~ = ~r × P~
L
= ~r × m~v
l
= (m1 + m2 )v ~z
2
1
= × (4 + 3) × 2 ~z
2
= 7~z Kg.m2 /s
N.B. The right hand rule is of great help to visualize the torque (and any
cross product) direction. In this case ~r and ~v are in the plane of the figure, the
torque cross product must be oriented perpendicular to the plane.
4
0.4.
0.4
• a) What is the net torque on the system about the axle of the
pulley?
• b) When the counterweight has a speed v, the pulley has an
angular speed = v/R. Determine the magnitude of the total
angular momentum of the system about the axle of the pulley.
~
• Using your result from (b) and ~τ = ddtL , calculate the accelera-
tion of the counterweight. (Enter the magnitude of the acceler-
ation.)
a)
The system about the axle of the pulley is under the torque applied by the cord.
At rest, the tension in the cord is balanced by the counterweight T = mg. If
we choose the rotation axle towards a certain ~z, we should have:
5
~τnet ~ × T~
= R
= Rmg~z
= 0.09 × 4.40 × 9.8~z
= 3.88 ~z
The net torque has a magnitude of τ = 3.88N.m and its direction is along the
rotation axis towards the right in the figure.
b)
Taking into account rotation of the pulley and translation of the counterweight
, the total angular momentum of the system is:
~ = R
L ~ × m~v + I~
ω
v
L = mRv + M R
R
= (m + M )Rv
= (4.40 + 2.50) × 0.09
= 0.621 Kg.m
c)
dL
τ =
dt
dv
mgR = (M + m)R
dt
= (M + m)Ra
mg
a =
m+M
4.40 × 9.8
=
6.90
= 6.25 m/s2
6
0.5.
0.5
a)
~ =
L I~
ω
1 2
L = mr ω
2
1
= × 2.94 × 0.22 × 6.02
2
= 0.354 Kg.m2 /s
b)
If the rotation axis is shifted to a point midway the center and the rim, the
moment of inertia will change from 21 mr2 to 12 mr2 + m( 2r )2 = 34 mr2 . The
angular momentum will change to:
3 2
L = mr ω
4
3
= × 2.94 × 0.22 × 6.02
4
= 0.531 Kg.m2 /s
7
0.6
a)
Earth as a solid sphere will have a moment of inertia of 25 M R2 , it’s mean
radius R is about 6378 Km, with a mass M of 5.9736 ×1024 Kg, While spinning
it makes a whole revolution in 24 hours. Angular momentum due to spinning
is thus,
L = Iω
2
= M R2 ω
5
2 2Π
= × 5.9736 × 1024 × 63780002
5 24 × 3600
= 7.07 × 1033 kg.m2 /s
Spinning is about the north celestial pole.
b)
For the motion about the sun, the moment of inertia will shift from 25 M R2
to 25 M R2 + M d2 , where d is the distance from earth to the sun averaging
8
0.6.
L = Iω
2
= ( R2 + d2 )M ω
5
2 2Π
= ( × 63782 × 106 + 149.602 × 1018 ) × 5.9736 × 1024
5 365 × 24 × 3600
= 2.66 × 1040 kg.m2 /s
The direction of this orbital motion is towards the north ecliptic pole.
c)
The periods differ only by a factor of 365 (365 days for orbital motion to 1
day for rotation). Because of the huge distance from the Earth to the Sun,
however, the moment of inertia of the Earth around the Sun is six orders of
magnitude larger than that of the Earth about its axis.
9
0.7
a)
We need the passengers to experience a free-fall acceleration equal to g i-e.
2
a = vr = rω 2 = g is the acceleration. The angular momentum that the space
station acquires is then:
L = Iω
10
0.8.
r
g
= mr2
r
p
= m gr 2
r
9.81
4
= 5.35 × 10
130
= 2.48 × 10 kg.m2 /s
8
b)
If the two rockets supply a thrust of F=110 N each, we can write Newton 2nd
law as follows:
2F r = Iα
= mr2 α
2F
α =
mr
pg
The average time interval is then calculated from α and ω = r :
ω
t =
α r
mr g
=
2F r
√
m rg
=
2F
= 8680 s
0.8
11
Without the child the merry-go-round has a moment of inertia I which will
change to I 0 = I + mr2 when the child hops onto the edge. However, the
moment of inertia should be conserved.
L0 = L
I ω0
0
= Iω
I
ω0 = ω
I0
255
= ×9
255 + 22 × 1.602
= 7.37 rev/s
0.9
12
0.9.
a)
The lump of clay of negligible size will only change the moment of inertia by a
shift of mr2 , the angular momentum will be conserved in this inelastic process:
L = L0
Iω = I 0 ω0
2
MR M R2
ω = ( + mr2 )ω 0
2 2
M R2 /2
ω0 =
M R2 /2 + mr2
1
= 2m r 2
1 + M R2
1
= 2×2.39 1.702
1 + 26.1 1.802
= 10.80 rad/s
Its direction is counterclockwise
b)
The inelastic colliding and sticking of the lump of clay will not allow mechanical
energy conservation. And there will be a loss in internal energy. This loss can
be calculated by taking the difference in kinetic energy:
Let’s calculate the moments of inertia first:
M R2
I= = 42.28 kg.M2
2
I 0 = I + mr2 = 42.28 + 2.39 × 1.702 = 49.18 kg.m2
1 0 02 1 2
∆Ki = I ω − Iω
2 2
1
= (49.18 × 10.802 − 42.28 × (16π 2 ))
2
= −469.8 J
c)
The linear momentum of the system is not conserved and the impulse imparted
by the bearing is just the change in linear momentum which corresponds to the
momentum gained by the lump of clay as it sticks to the rotating turntable:
Impulse = mv 0
= mrω 0
= 2.39 × 1.70 × 10.80
= 43.9 kg.m/s
13
Once it sticks on the east side of the turntable, the rotation is being counter-
clockwise, the bearing will take direction towards north.
0.10
a)
Let’s first calculate the moments of inertia.
• First position:
Ii = I + 2mri2 (1)
2
= 2.61 + 2 × 3.02 × 0.99 (2)
= 8.53 kg.m2 (3)
• Second position
If = I + 2mrf2 (4)
2
= 2.61 + 2 × 3.02 × 0.296 (5)
2
= 3.14 kg.m (6)
14
0.10.
Lf = Li
Ii ωi = I f ωf
Ii
ωf = ω
If
8.53
= × 0.749
3.14
= 2.04 rad/s
• Before:
1
K = Ii ωi2
2
1
= × 8.53 × 0.7492
2
= 2.39 J
• After:
1
K = If ωf2
2
1
= × 3.14 × 2.042
2
= 6.53 J
15