I.

COMPREHENSION

1. What is the difference between Uplift and Subsidence? (10 points)

Uplift results in an increase in elevation of any land forms in the Earth’s surface, slowly
rises due to the force being applied. These are also forces that act pulling sections of the Earth’s
crust. This movement can also cause rocks that once beneath the ground to hold up to the Earth’s
surface. This may be produced in any methods such Orogenic uplift, Isolithic uplift and mass
pilings of corals.

On the other hand, subsidence is the opposite of uplift that exists beneath or when a
certain land form sink to lower elevations. This also often coined to the sinking of the ground
due to underground movement of materials. There are some examples of subsidence that
describes incapability of sustaining its previous elevation where the surface sinks lower such as
dissolution of limestone, mining, and extraction of natural gas.

2. What are the causes of Uplifts? (20 points)

 When the crust of the sea floor tends to collide with the continental crust or with any pieces
of sea floor crust, this generally results to uplift.
 Most of the sediments on the sea floor removed the plunging crust and piles up and makes
way in the formation of a ridge as the sea floor crust descends.
 Subduction process between an oceanic plate and another plate enables a deeper plate
melting which also results magma to rise because of its lower density. This allows molten
magma to invade the overlying plate giving up heat and reduces density, floats higher on the
mantle.
 Series of severe earthquakes within a geologically short period of time results to rising of the
land wherein one tectonic plate slips beneath another part of the Earth’s crust in a process
called subduction.
3. What are the causes of Subsidence (20 points)

 This can be a result of natural events such as soil compaction, earthquakes, erosion, and
addition of water to fine soils deposited by wind.
 This may also be caused when rivers deposit sediments in a certain area which later then
sinks because of the additional weight that is a combination of sediment loading and
sediment compaction after groundwater is removed.
 Extremely dense soil reactive clay expands as seasons change throughout the year wherein it
absorbs moisture which allows it to contract during cooler weather and dries up in warmer
months.
 Water erosion is a common cause of subsidence. This happens when a soil or any land form
absorbs more water which begins to subside.