FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT 131.

INSTRUCTION: Use sky blue ball pen to write the letter of your answer on the provided answer sheet.
ANSWERS MUST BE WRITTEN IN CAPITAL LETTERS.

MULTIPLE CHOICE.

1 –10. Choices: A. Digital Radiography B. Computed Radiography C. Conventional Radiography

D. A & B E. B & C F. A, B & C

1. Faster image acquisition.

2. Image quality degrades over time.
3. Need much experience and expertise.
4. No darkroom / chemical processing.
5. Involves the process of converting x – ray photons to light.
6. Involves the process of converting x – ray photons directly into electrical signals.
7. Uses phosphor plates similar to intensifying screen.
8. Uses CCD or TFT to convert light to electrical signal.
9. Uses PMT to convert light to electrical signal.
10. Produces 2D image.

11 – 20. Choices: A. Laser Film Scanner B. CT Scanner C. MRI scanner D. PET

E. SPECT F. Ultrasound G. A & E H. AOTA

11. Converts a 14 in. × 17 in. x-ray film to a 2K × 2.5K × 12-bit image.

12. A camera is rotated around the object, and the multiple 2-D images series are reconstructed
and stored for post processing.
13. Array of detectors are connected to a coincidence circuit and into coordinate processor.
14. Involves RF receiver circuit.
15. A detector system requires simultaneous detection of both photons from annihilation.
16. Convert the signals to digital data using of A/D converter.
17. x, y, and z gradient power supplies and coils providing the magnetic field gradients needed
for encoding spatial position.
18. Uses Gamma camera to produce images.
19. Uses scintillation crystals to produce images.
20. Involves a mechanical scanning arm with position encoders.

21. The primary functions of PACS include image transmission, display, and ______________?
A. Archiving B. Manipulation C. Registration D. Compression
22. The typical radiology technologist is most likely to interact with which of the following systems
throughout their workday?
A. PACS broker C. PACS diagnostic workstation
B. PACS web viewer D. Radiology information system

23. Which component of the PACS typically communicates with both the HL7 and DICOM protocols?
A. PACS broker C. PACS diagnostic workstation
B. PACS database D. Master patient index
24. The primary data protocol for transmitting medical images between modalities is
A. HL7 B. DICOM C. IHE D. HIPAA
25. Who is the most likely person to deal with managing the day-to-day operations of the PACS?
A. PACS system analyst C. PACS administrator
B. Imaging service representative D. PACS clinical outreach coordinator
26. A diagnostic workstation used by a radiologist generally offers what feature(s) over a ‘‘standard’’
PC used for clinical review of images:
A. Higher quality and higher brightness monitors
B. Faster network connection back to the PACS core
C. Presence of more advanced image manipulation tools
D. All of the above
27. Integration of clinical information systems and PACS may result in
A. An increase in accurate relevant clinical information available to radiologists
B. Faster turnaround times of results to clinicians
C. Richer information by the concurrent delivery of images and their associated report
D. All of the above
28. Essential characteristics of a PACS include:
1. distribution and retrieval of digital images 4. display of digital images
2. creation of digital images 5. voice – activated dictation
3. radiation dosage documentation 6. digital image storage and long term archival
A. 1, 2, 4, and 5 B. 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 C. 1, 4, and 6 D. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6
29. The adoption of DICOM standard in the medical imaging industry was designed to
A. allow various vendors to share digital data without proprietary software constraints
B. eliminate small vendors from the medical marketplace based upon product quality and
reliability.
C. protect patient’s medical records and information.
D. establish common exposure dosage values for various medical imaging procedure.
30. Which of the following is an advantage of the digital environment over film?
A. Digital images can be manipulated without re – exposure to patients
B. Digital images can be sent to remote locations.
C. Digital images require less physical storage.
D. all of the above

31. – 40. CHOICES: A. Client/ server based B. Distributed system C. Web – based

31. If the archive server goes down, local reading at the workstations is not interrupted, other than not
being able to get historic images.
32. Any examination sent to the PACS is available anywhere without other interventions.
33. Application can be used on site and at home in teleradiology situations.
34. The bandwidth of the network connection limits the amount of data that can be transmitted for
download, and some programs are too large to be transmitted over the network that is installed.
35. Each workstation has a different worklist, and therefore only one person can be working on that
list at a time.
36. The archive server is seen as a single point of failure. If the archive goes down, the entire system is
down, and no image movement can take place.
37. Only one person can open the image/ study with the intent to read it. Others that open the study
will receive a message that the study is open and being read.
38. Because the images can be distributed to many locations at once, copies of an examination exist
at various locations. Therefore, it is less likely that PACS data will be lost.
39. The network is the biggest obstacle to performance.
40. The hardware at the client can be anything that will support an appropriate web browser.

Identification. Give the word that best describe the statement.

41. The most interactive part of a PACS.

42. Known as the file room of PACS.
43. A universally accepted standard for exchanging medical images between the modality, viewing
stations, and the archive.
44. Most important elements of a PACS display station.
45. Used to review images after acquisition but before sending them to the radiologist.
46. This is often placed between the imaging modality(s) and the rest of the PACS network to isolate
the host computer in the radiological imaging modality from the PACS.
47. Radiology process’s participant in registration of patient’s billing.
48. Workflow participant for image reading and reporting.
49. Device that converts the analog signals from the camera to gray level values.
50. It is consists of acquisition devices, storage, display workstations, and an image management
system.