Every building or usable portion thereof

1 shall have at least _____ exit in all

occuppancies

1.2 sqm Bath and toilet - _____ with a least

900mm dimension of _____

toilet and bath rooms, laundry rooms and similar rooms shall be
1/20 provided with window or windows with an area not less than _____ of
the floor area of such rooms, provided that such opening shall not be
240 sqm less than ______. Such window or windows shall open directly to a court,
yard, public street or alley, or open watercourse.

Floors above the second storey, basements

2 and cellars used for other than service of the
building shall have not less than ____ exits.

Each mezzanine floor used for other than storage

purposes, if greater in area than 185 sq. meters or
2 more than 18.00 meters in any dimension, shall have
at least ____ stairways to an adjacent floor.

Floors above the first storey having an

2 occupant load of more than ten (10)
shall not have less than ____ exits.

Every storey or portion thereof, having

3 an occupant load of 500 to 999 shall
have at least _____ exits.

3 School Rooms - _____ cubic meters

1 sqm with______ of floor area per person;

3 sqm Kitchen - ______ with a least dimension of

1500mm ______

Every storey or portion thereof having

4 an occupant load of one thousand (1000)
or more shall have at least _____ exits.
 Bathtub and shower enclosures shall be constructed from
5.6mm approved shatter-resistant materials, such as:
4.8mm wirereinforced glass not less than _____thick;
fully tempered glass not less than _____thick;
6.4mm or laminated safety glass not less than _____ thick.

Regular plate, sheet, or patterned glass in jalousies

5.6 mm
and louvered windows shall not be thinner than _____
1200mm minimal and shall not be longer than _____

The maximum variations in the height of

5mm risers and the width of treads in any one
flight shall b _____

6 sqm Rooms for Human Habitations - _____ with

2000mm a least dimension of ______

Other interior openings except ventilation louvers

7mm equipped with approved automatic fire shutters shall
be ____ thick fixed wire glass set in steel frames.

Rooms intended for any use, not provided with artificial

ventilation system, shall be provided with a window or windows
10% with a total free area of openings equal to at least ____ of the
floor area of the room, provided that such opening shall be not
less than 1.00 sq. meter.

Workshop, Factories, and Offices - ____

12
cu. meters of air space per person;

Habitable Rooms - _____ cu. meters of air

14
space per person.

The floor or landing shall be leveled

50mm with, or not more than ______ lower than
the threshold of the doorway:

90% The dwelling shall occupy not more than ____ of a corner
lot and ____ of an inside lot, and subject to the provisions
80% on Easements of Light and View of the Civil Code of
2000mm Philippines, shall be at least _____ from the property line.
 When installed in exit doorways, exit doors shall be
90 capable of opening at least ___ degrees and shall be
700mm so mounted that the clear width of the
exitway is not less than _____

Landings when provided shall not be

100mm reduced in width by more than _____ by a
door when fully open.

Trim and handrails shall not reduce the

100mm
required width by more than ____.

The wind load for roofs shall be at least

120kg
____ per sq. meter for vertical projection.

The live load of the first floor shall be at

200 kg
least ____ per sq. meter and for the
150 kg
second floor, at least _____ per sq. meter.

When an aisle is elevated more than _____ above

grade, the aisle shall be provided with a stairway or
200mm ramp whose width is not less than the width of the
aisle

In Group A and B Occupancies, a door may open on the top

step of a flight of stairs or an exterior landing provided the door
200mm does not swing over the top step or exterior landing and the
landing is not more than _____ below the floor level.

The required width of corridors and exterior exit

balconies shall be unobstructed. Except, that trim
200mm handrails, and doors when fully opened shall not
reduce the required width by more than _____

In case of private stairways serving an

200mm
occupant load of less than ten (10), the
250mm
rise may be ____ and the run may be _______

The rise of every step in a stairway shall

200mm
not exceed _____ and the run shall not be
250mm
less than _____.
 200mm The maximum rise of treads shall not exceed _____ and the
minimum width of the run shall be ______. The maximum variation
280mm
in the width of treads in any one flight shall not be more than ____
5mm and the maximum variation in one height of two adjacent rises
5mm shall not exceed _____.

A midrail shall be placed adjacent to any seat to limit the

open distance above the top of any part
250mm of a seat to _____ where the seat is at the extreme end or
at the extreme rear of the bleachers or grandstand.

Circular stairs may be used as an exit

250mm provided the minimum width of run is
not less than ____.

Footings shall be of sufficient size and strength to

250mm support the load of the dwelling and shall be at
600mm least _____ thick and _____ below the surface of the
ground

The horizontal clearance between the

300mm outermost edge of the marquee and
the curb line shall be not less than ______.

For buildings abutting on RROW/streets or alleys

without sidewalks or provisions therefor, the signs
300mm shall not project more than ____ from the outermost
portion of the building/structure.

The horizontal clearance between the

300mm awning and the curb line shall not be
less than _____

300mm the rise from row to row does not exceed ___ per row;
11 the number of rows does not exceed ___ in height; the
3000mm top seating board is not over ______ above grade; and the
500mm first seating board is not more than _____ above grade.

Winders may be used if the required width of run is

300mm provided at a point not more than ______ from the side of
150mm the stairway where the treads are narrower but in no
case shall any width of run be less than ______ at any point.

Outdoor display signs placed against the front

300mm exterior surface of buildings shall not extend more
3000mm than _____ from the wall with its lowest portion not less
than ______ above the sidewalk.
 The maximum rise from one row of seats
400mm
to the next shall not exceed ______

The width of any seat shall be not less

450mm
than _____

Glass panels not adjacent to wall openings may be made

obvious by horizontal bars at guardrail height, a _____ opaque
450mm bulkhead, distinctive glass such as etched or translucent for
guardrail height, fixed flower bins or other appropriate
construction arrangement.

Glass lights when the least dimension is

450mm
not greater than _____

Glass lights located not less than ______

450mm above the adjacent finished floor or
walking surface.
With continental seating, the spacing of rows of unoccupied seats shall provide a clear
450mm width
500mm measured horizontally, as follows:
____ clear for rows of eighteen (18) seats or less;
525mm ____ clear for rows of thirty five (35) seats or less; _____ clear for rows of forty five (45) seats
or less;
550mm and ______ clear for rows of forty six (46) seats or more.

Total projection for over 3000mm but

600mm
less than 6000mm width of street

On arcaded RROW/streets, the signs shall not

project more than _____ from the outermost portion of
600mm the wall line of the allowed structure over the
arcade.

600mm Glass panels which are more than _____ in width and
_____ or more in height adjacent to wall opening shall
180mm be safety glass unless a bulkhead of opaque
450mm materials not less than _____ high is provided.

600mm The minimum spacing of rows of seats measured from back-to-back shall be:
_____ for seats without backrests in open air stands; _____ for seats with
750mm backrests;
and ______ for chair seating. There shall be a space of not less than _____
850mm between the back of each seat and the front of the seat immediately behind
300mm it.
 Railings shall be provided for balconies,
750mm landings, or porches which are more
than _____ above grade.

Eaves over required windows shall not

750mm be less than ____ from the side and rear
property lines.

Private stairways serving an occupant

750mm
load of less than ten (10) may be _____

750mm Stairs shall be at least _____ in clear width,

200mm with a rise of _______ and a minimum run
200mm of _______

Handrails shall be placed not less than

800mm
_____ nor more than _______ above the
900mm
nosing of treads,

Every aisle shall be not less than _____

800mm
wide if serving only one side, and not
1000mm
less than _____ wide if serving both sides.

Window minimum clear opening shall

820mm have a width not less than ____ and a
height of 1 meter;

The bottom of the window opening

820mm should not be more than _____ from the
floor;

With standard seating, the spacing of

840mm rows of seat from back-to-back shall be
not less than _____

Total projection for 6000mm to less than

900mm
10000mm width of street
 Stairways serving an occupant load of
900mm
fifty (50) or less may be ______ wide.

Every required exit doorway shall be of a size as

900mm
to permit the installation of a door not less than
2000mm ______ in width and not less than ______ in height.

Total projection for 10000mm to less

1000mm
than 11000mm width of street

Signboards shall not obstruct any window or

1000mm emergency exit and shall not be closer than ______
from electric and telephone posts and wires.

The sign or sign structure must not project more than

______ into the public alley where the sign or sign
1000mm structure is located more than 4.50 meters above
established sidewalk grade.

Aisles shall have a minimum width of

1100mm
______

Railings shall be _____ above the rear of a seat plank

1100mm or _____ above the rear of the steps in an aisle when
the guardrail is parallel and adjacent to the aisle

Every corridor or exit balcony shall not

1100mm
be less than ______ in width.

Stairways ______ or less in width and stairways

1100mm serving one (1) individual dwelling unit in Group
A or B Occupancies may have one handrail

Total projection for 1100mm to less than

1100mm
12000mm width of street
 Stairways serving an occupant load of
1100mm more than fifty (50) shall not be less
than _____

On non-arcaded RROW/streets, signs shall not

extend more than _____ over the sidewalk and
1200mm measured horizontally from the wall line or building
line

Courts, yards, and light wells shall be measured clear of

all projections from the walls enclosing such wells or
1200mm yards with the exception of roof leaders, wall copings,
sills, or steel fire escapes not exceeding _____ in width.

When piles exceed ______ in height, the

1200mm material shall be so arranged that the
sides and ends of the piles taper back.

No leaf of an exit door shall exceed

1200mm
______ in width.

Such dimension need not exceed _____

1200mm
when the stairs has a straight run.

Guardrails shall be required in all locations where the

1200mm top of a seat plank is more than _____ above the grade
600mm and at the front of stands elevated more than _____
above grade.

Total projection for 1200mm to less than

1300mm
13000mm width of street

Total projection for 1300mm to less than

1400mm
14000mm width of street

Total projection for 1400mm or over

1500mm
width of street
 Mezzanine floors shall have a clear
1800mm ceiling height not less than ______ above
and below it.

No materials shall be piled or stacked

1800mm higher than ______, except in yards or
sheds intended especially for storage

Every required stairway shall have a

2000mm headroom clearance of not less than
______

Doors, windows, and the like less than______ above the

pavement or groundline shall not, when fully
2400mm opened or upon opening, project beyond the
property line except fire exit doors.

The vertical clearance between the undermost

2400mm surface of the awning and the pavement or
ground line shall be not less than ______

2400mm Habitable rooms provided with artificial ventilation shall have ceiling heights not less than ______measured
2700mm from the floor to the ceiling; provided that for buildings of more than one (1) storey, the minimum ceiling
height of the first
2400mm storey shall be ______ and that for the second story ______ and the succeeding stories shall have an
2100mm unobstructed typical head-room clearance of not less than ______ above the finished floor. Above- stated
rooms with natural ventilation shall have ceiling heights of not less than ______
2700mm

Stands made of combustible framing

2700mm shall be limited to eleven (11) rows or
______ in height.

Stairways shall have handrails on each side and every stairway

required to be more than ______ in width shall be provided with not
3000mm less than one intermediate handrail for each _______ of
required width

Display windows or wall signs within _____

3000mm above the sidewalk shall be flushed or
recessed.

The vertical clearance between the pavement or

3000mm ground line and the undersurface of any part the
marquee shall not be less than _______
 Arcaded pedestrian walkways shall have
3000mm
a clear height of ______

The width of the arcade and its height shall be

uniform throughout the street provided that in no
3000mm case, shall an arcade be less than _____ above the
established sidewalk grade

The clearance between the established grade of the

3000mm street and/ or sidewalk and the lowest under surface
of any part of the balcony shall not be less than ______

No sign or sign structure shall project into any public alley

3000mm below a height of _____ above
established sidewalk grade, nor project more than _____ where the
300mm sign structure is located 3.00 meters to 4.50 meters above
established sidewalk grade.

A height clearance of not less than _____measured from the finished

3000mm road surface shall be provided below the lowest part of such signs
projecting over sidewalks on buildings without arcades and a clearance
5000mm of not less than ______ shall be provided below the lowest part of such
signs projecting over arcaded RROW/streets.

There shall be not more than _____

3600mm
vertical distance between landings.

Clear distance between the signboards

4000mm erected on one building is not less than
______

Corridors and exterior exit balconies with dead

6000mm ends are permitted when the dead end does not
exceed _____ in length.

In Groups C, H and E Occupancies, aisles shall

6000mm not be provided a dead end greater than
______ in length.

No point in a building without a sprinkler system shall

be more than _______ from an exterior exit door, a
45000mm horizontal exit, exit passageway, or an enclosed
stairway, measured along the line of travel.
 In areas occupied by seats and in Groups H and I
45000mm Occupancies without seats, the line of travel to an
exit door by an aisle shall be not more than _____

In a building equipped with a complete

60000mm automatic fire extinguishing system, the distance
from exits may be increased to _______

Are issued by the Building Official for accessory parts of the project with very special functions or use
which are indicated in the plans and specifications that accompany the building permit

Accessory Permits
application. These may include, among others: bank and records vaults; swimming pools; firewalls
separate from the building/structure; towers; silos; smokestacks; chimneys; commercial/industrial fixed
ovens; industrial kilns/furnaces; water/waste treatment tanks, septic vaults; concrete and steel tanks;
booths, kiosks and stages; and tombs, mausoleums and niches.

Any new construction which increases

Addition the height and/or floor area of existing
buildings/structures.

Refers to any of the various units of the government

including a department, bureau, office,
Agency of the government instrumentality, or government owned or controlled
corporation.

Works in buildings/structures involving changes in the

materials used, partitioning, location/size of openings,
Alteration structural parts, existing utilities and equipment but does
not increase the building height and/or floor area.

Duly signed and sealed by the corresponding

professionals and the plans and specifications
Ancillary Permits shall be submitted together with the duly notarized
application for Building Permit.

Any person, firm, partnership, corporation, head of

government or private institution, organization of any
Applicant/ permittee character applying for the issuance of permits and
certificates.

A preformatted prescribed application form duly

accomplished and notarized by the respective
Application forms design professional with validation matrices related
to other building rules and regulations.

Inadequate sizes of rooms and space

Architectural Deficiency
dimensions and window openings.
 Dilapidated, blighted and other
Architectural Deficiency unpresentable buildings/structures against
generally accepted aesthetic standards.

Insufficient amount of natural light and

Architectural Deficiency ventilation due to inadequate open spaces
such as courts and yards as required.

Improper/Unauthorized
Architectural Deficiency
Occupancy/Location.

All buildings/structures or portion

Architectural Deficiency thereof used or occupied for purposes
other than their intended uses.

A movable shelter supported entirely from an

exterior wall of a building and of a type which can
Awning be retracted, folded, or collapsed against the face of
a supporting building.

the Executive Officer of the OBO

Building offical
appointed by the Secretary.

A document issued by the Building Official (BO) to an owner/applicant to proceed with

the construction, installation, addition, alteration, renovation, conversion, repair, moving,
demolition or other work activity of a specific project/building/structure or portions
Building permit thereof after the accompanying principal plans, specifications and other pertinent
documents with the duly notarized application are found satisfactory and substantially
conforming with the National Building Code of the Philippines (the Code) and its
Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR).

Permanent roofed structure above a door attached

to and supported by the building and
Canopy/Marquee projecting over a wall or sidewalk. This includes any
object or decoration attached thereto.

PD 1096, otherwise known as the

Code National Building Code of the
Philippines.

All on-site work done in the site preparation,

excavation, foundation, assembly of all the
Construction components and installation of utilities, machineries
and equipment of buildings/structures.
 A change in the use or occupancy of
Conversion buildings/structures or any portion/s
thereof, which has different requirements.

Are those which are herein declared as such

or are structurally unsafe or not provided with safe egress, or which constitute a fire

Dangerous Buildings
hazard, or are otherwise dangerous to human life, or which in relation to existing use,
constitute a hazard to safety or health or public welfare because of inadequate
maintenance, dilapidation, obsolescence, or abandonment; or which otherwise contribute
to the pollution of the site or the community to an intolerable degree.

The systematic dismantling or

Demolition destruction of a building/structure, in
whole or in part.

The Department of Public Works and

Department
Highways (DPWH).

The Executive Officer or Head of the

Executive director
NBCDO.

Any building/structure or portion thereof, device, apparatus,

equipment material, or vegetation which may cause fire or
Fire Hazards explosion, or provide a ready fuel or augment the speed and
intensity of fire or explosion arising from any cause.

All buildings/structures or portions thereof not

provided with the required fire-resistive or fire-
Fire Hazards protective construction or fire-extinguishing system
or equipment.

Whenever any door, aisle, passageway, stairway, or

other means of exit is not of sufficient width or size, or
Fire Hazards is not so arranged as to provide safe and adequate
means of exit in case of fire and panic.

Whenever any building/structure, because of obsolescence,

dilapidated condition, deterioration, damaged, inadequate exits,
Fire Hazards lack of sufficient fire-resistive construction, hazardous electric
wiring, gas connections or heating apparatus, or other cause, in
violation of the Fire Code of the Philippines (PD 1185).

the degree to which a material can withstand

Fire-resistive Rating fire as determined by generally recognized
and accepted testing methods.
 the length of time a material can withstand
Fire-resistive Time Period Rating being burned which may be one- hour, two-
hours, four- hours, etc.

Areas wherein siting of buildings/structures are permitted within

prescribed fireresistivity measures for exterior walls of at least two-
Fire Restrictive Zones hour fire resistivity. Usual locations in suburban areas are permitted to
be built with at least one-hour fire- resistivity throughout as Types II,
III to IV Constructions as prescribed in Section 401 of the Code.

shall have no openings therein and shall

Four-Hour Fire-Resistive Occupancy
be of not less than four-hour fire-
Separation
resistive construction.

Excavations left open without any work

Grave Violations being done in the site for more than
one hundred twenty (120) days.

Change in the existing use or

Grave Violations occupancy without Certificate of
Change of Occupancy/Use/Operation.

Non-compliance with work stoppage

Grave Violations order for construction/demolition
without permit.

Non-compliance with order to abate or

Grave Violations
demolish.

Unauthorized change in type of

Grave Violations construction from more fire-resistive to
less fireresistive.

Unauthorized change, modification or alteration

Grave Violations during construction in the duly submitted plans and
specifications on which the building permit is based.

Group A Residential Dwellings

 Group B Residential, Hotels and Apartments

Group C Education and Recreation

Group D Institutional

Group E Business and Mercantile

Group F Industrial

Group G Storage and Hazardous

Group H Assembly Other Than Group I

Group I Assembly Occupant Load 1000 or More

Group J Accessory

Areas wherein highly fire- resistive or non-combustible

buildings/structures and/or construction assemblies of no less
Highly Fire Restrictive Zones than three to four-hour fire- resistive construction materials are
used throughout, including exterior walls. Only Types IV and V
Constructions are permitted in the areas.
Inadequate Sanitation/Plumbing and
Source of pollution.
Health Facilities

Lack of adequate garbage and rubbish

Inadequate Sanitation/Plumbing and
storage and removal or disposal
Health Facilities
facilities.

Infestation of insects, vermin or rodents

Inadequate Sanitation/Plumbing and
and lack of adequate control for the
Health Facilities
same.

Inadequate Sanitation/Plumbing and Inadequately maintained or improperly

Health Facilities used sanitation and plumbing facilities.

All sanitation and plumbing systems or installations

Inadequate Sanitation/Plumbing and which do not conform to the rules and regulations
Health Facilities embodied in the Code on Sanitation of the
Philippines and the Revised National Plumbing Code.

Use or occupancy of building/structure

Less Grave Violations without appropriate Certificate of
Occupancy/Use/Operation.

Non-compliance with the work stoppage

Less Grave Violations order for the alteration/addition/
conversion/repair without permit.

Failure to post Certificate of

Light Violations
Occupancy/Use/Operation.

Failure to post Building Permit

Light Violations
construction information sign.

Failure to provide or install appropriate safety

Light Violations measures for the protection of workers, inspectors,
visitors, immediate neighbors and pedestrians.

Minor Constructions
Minor Constructions
Minor Constructions
Minor Constructions
Minor Constructions
Moving
Non-Fire Restricted Zones
Office of the building official (obo)
One-Hour Fire-Resistive Occupancy
Separation
Referral codes
Addition of open terraces or patios resting directly
on the ground, not exceeding 20.00 sq. meters in
total floor area, exclusively for the private use of the
owner.
Garden pools for the habitation of water plants
and/or aquarium fish not exceeding 500 millimeters
in depth and exclusively for private use.
Garden masonry walls other than party walls not
exceeding 1.20 meters in height, footpaths,
residential garden walks and/or driveways.
Sheds, outhouses, greenhouses, children's playhouses, aviaries,
poultry houses and the like, not exceeding 6.00 sq. meters in
total area, provided they are completely detached from any
other building and are intended only for the private use of the
owner.
Installation of window grilles.
The transfer of buildings/structures or portion/s
thereof from original location or position to another,
either within the same lot or to a different one.
These are areas where siting of buildings/structures are permitted without
fireresistivity measures, often located in the country sides or rural areas
where commercial and industrial and other buildings are sparsely
constructed, or may be clustered in small groups like farm lands wherein
dwellings are built of indigenous materials such as bamboo, sawali, nipa,
cogon, palm leaves and wood up to
The Office authorized to enforce the provisions of
the Code and its IRR in the field as well as the
enforcement of orders and decisions made pursuant
thereto.
shall be of not less than one-hour fire- resistive
construction. All openings in such separation shall
be protected by a fire-assembly having a one-hour
fire-resistive rating.
The applicable provisions of the various
agency and technical professional codes
that are supplementary to the Code.
 Any physical change made on
Renovation buildings/structures to increase the
value, quality, and/or to improve the
aesthetic.
Remedial work done on any damaged or
Repair deteriorated portion/s of building/structure
to restore to its original condition.

Repair and/or replacement work of

Repair Works
doors and windows.

Repair and/or replacement work of

Repair Works
flooring.

Repair Works Repair of perimeter fence and walls.

Repair and/or replacement of any

Repair Works interior portion or a house not involving
addition or alteration.

Repair and/or replacement of non load-

Repair Works
bearing partition walls.

Not affecting or involving any structural member,

such as replacement of deteriorated roofing sheets
Repair Works or tiles, gutters, downspouts, fascias, ceilings and/or
sidings.

Repair and/or replacement of plumbing fixtures,

fittings or pipings, such as toilet bowls, sinks,
Repair Works lavatories, urinals, bidets, pipes, faucets, valves for
single detached dwellings and duplexes.

Head or Chief Executive Officer of

Secretary
DPWH.
 The personnel of the National Building
Staff
Code Development Office (NBCDO).

Whenever the building/structure or any portion thereof, because of

dilapidation, deterioration or decay; faulty construction; the removal,
Structural Hazard movement or instability of any portion of the ground necessary for the
purpose of supporting such building; the deterioration, decay or inadequacy
of its foundation; or any other cause, is likely to partially or totally collapse.

Whenever any portion of a building/structure remains on the site

after its demolition or whenever any building/structure or
Structural Hazard portion thereof is abandoned for a period in excess of twelve
(12) months so as to make it a nuisance or hazard to the public.

Whenever any portion thereof has been wrecked, warped,

buckled or settled to such an extent that the walls or other
Structural Hazard structural portions have materially less resistance to wind or
earthquake than is required in the case of similar new
construction.

Whenever the building/structure, exclusive of the foundation,

shows 33% or more damage or deterioration of its supporting
Structural Hazard member or members, or 50% damage or deterioration of its
non- supporting members, enclosing or outside walls or
coverings.

Whenever any portion of a building/structure or any member,

appurtenance or ornamentation on the exterior thereof is not of
Structural Hazard sufficient strength or stability, or is not anchored, attached or fastened
in place so as to be capable of resisting a wind pressure of one-half of
that specified in the NSCP for such type of buildings.

Whenever the building/structure has been so damaged by fire,

wind, earthquake or flood, or has become so dilapidated or
Structural Hazard deteriorated as to become an attractive nuisance to public; a
harbor for vagrants, criminals or immoral persons; or a resort for
purposes of committing unlawful or immoral acts.

Whenever any portion or member or appurtenances

thereof is likely to fall, or to become detached or
Structural Hazard dislodged or to collapse and thereby injure persons
or damage property.

Whenever the building/structure which, whether or not erected in accordance with all
applicable laws or ordinances, has in any non-supporting part, member or portion, less

Structural Hazard
than 50% or in any supporting part, member or portion less than 66% of the strength; fire-
resisting qualities or characteristics; weather-resisting qualities or characteristics required
by law in the case of a newly constructed building of like area, height and occupancy in
the same location.

Whenever any building/structure or portion thereof has been damaged by

fire, earthquake, wind, flood, or by any other cause to such an extent that the
structural strength or stability thereof is materially less than it was before the
Structural Hazard catastrophe and is less than the minimum requirements of the National
Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) for new buildings of similar
structure, purpose or location.
 Whenever the exterior walls or other vertical structural
member lean or buckle to such an extent that a plumb
Structural Hazard line passing through the center of gravity does not fall
inside the middle one-third of the base.

shall be of not less than three-hour fire-resistive construction. All openings in walls forming such
separation shall be protected by a fire assembly having a three-hour fire-resistive rating. The total width

Three-Hour Fire-Resistive Occupancy of all openings in any three-hour fire-resistive occupancy separation wall in any one-storey shall not
exceed 25% of the length of the wall in that storey and no single opening shall have an area greater than

Separation
10.00 sq. meters. All openings in floors forming a "Three-Hour Fire-Resistive Occupancy Separation"
shall be protected by vertical enclosures extending above and below such openings. The walls of such
vertical enclosures shall be of not less than two-hour fire-resistive construction, and all openings therein
shall be protected by a fire assembly having a three-hour fire-resistive rating.

shall be of not less than two-hour fire- resistive

Two-Hour Fire-Resistive Occupancy construction. All openings in such separation shall
Separation be protected by a fire assembly having a two-hour
fire-resistive rating.

shall be of wood construction. The

Type I structural elements may be any of the
materials permitted by the Code.

shall be of wood construction with protective fire-resistant

materials and one-hour fire-resistive throughout, except, that
Type II permanent non-bearing partitions may use fire-retardant treated
wood within the framing assembly with one-hour resistivity.

shall be of masonry and wood construction. Structural elements

may be any of the materials permitted by the Code provided,
Type III that the building shall be one-hour fire-resistive throughout.
Exterior walls shall be of incombustible fire-resistive
construction.

shall be steel, iron, concrete, or masonry construction and walls,

ceiling and permanent partitions shall be of incombustible fire-
Type IV resistive construction, except, that permanent non-bearing
partitions of one-hour fire-resistive construction may use fire-
retardant treated wood within the framing assembly.

Types I and II Construction as classified

...
in Section 401 of the Code.

Shall be four-hour fire-resistive throughout

Type V and the structural elements shall be of steel,
iron, concrete, or masonry construction.

All wiring systems or installations which do not

Unsafe Electrical Wiring conform to the rules and regulations embodied
in the latest Philippine Electrical Code.
 Inadequately maintained or improperly
Unsafe Electrical Wiring used electrical wirings, outlets, devices
and/or equipment.

Inadequately maintained or improperly

Unsafe Mechanical Wiring used mechanical outlets, devices and/or
equipment.

Lack of or improper operation of

Unsafe Mechanical Wiring required ventilating equipment or air-
conditioning systems.

Mechanical systems or installations which do not

Unsafe Mechanical Wiring conform to the rules and regulations embodied
in the Philippine Mechanical Code.

Improperly installed or lack of

Unsafe Mechanical Wiring protection and safety provisions on
steam, gas and fuel supply lines.

A nonstructural facing of brick, concrete, tile, metal, plastic, glass, or

other similar approved materials attached to a backing or structural
Veneer components of the building for the purpose of ornamentation,
protection, or enclosure that may be adhered, integrated, or anchored
either on the interior or exterior of the building or structure.