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winasityvaoba
INTRODUCTION
In developed countries the practice of wastes minimization (reduce), reuse and recycling is widely spread. With
the growth of population the amount of wastes increase and the construction of new landfills become necessary. This
is connected with the growth of expenses and negative affect on the environment. Hence, the governments of the
developed countries made it their aim to reduce the disposal of wastes on the landfills to the possible maximal extent.
In a number of developed countries of the world there is acknowledged the 3R initiative of sustainable waste
management - Reduce, Reuse, Recycle. In order to introduce the 3R initiative in Georgia and to implement it in the
first place it is necessary that the system of collecting the wastes is created and is put in order, that the wastes are
separated at the source and the legislative base is developed. The more effective is the collection process of the
separated waste that can be recycled the higher is the percentage share of the recycled wastes as compared with the
total amount of the wastes.
The booklet is aimed for the popularization of the waste recycling, namely, the method of organic wastes
composting, wastes amount reduction and facilitation of 3R initiative introduction. It contains simple methods of
composting for their introducing in modern practice. It can be prepared individually by population at their houses or
gardens and the obtained compost can be used as the best fertilizer.
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Sesavali
b o l o d r o s, xSi ra d s au br o be n s o f l i s meu r ne o b aSi Seq m n i l i mZi me ek o l ogi -
u r i m dgo m a re o b i s a d a n i a d agi s nay o f ie re b i s gau a re se b i s Se s a xe b, r a c xSi r a d
Se mTxvev aSi ga m owveu l i a q i m iu r i s a suqe b i s a d a pe s t i ci de b i s i nte ns iu r i ga m oye -
ne b iT. n i a d agi s aq t iu r i ga m oye ne b i s Se de ga d i rRvev a m i s i s truq tu r a, qve iTde b a
hu mu s i s a d a s akve b n ivTie re b aTa Se m cv le l o b a, u a re s de b a n i a d agi s f iz iku r i Tv i -
se be b i - wy a lga m ta r o b a, ae ra ci a d a s xv a.
k o mp o s t i re b a wa rm o a dge ns b i oq i m iu r p r o-
ce s s, r o m l i s s aSu a le b iTc my a r i o rga nu l i
na rCne b i ga r d a iq m ne b i a n hu mu s i s m sgav s p r o -
duq ta d, r o me l i c ga m o iye ne b a n i a d agi s nay o -
f ie re b i s x a r i s x i s ga s au mjo be se b la d. i s wa r -
m o a dge ns s a suq s, r o me l i c Se iZle b a ga m ov iye -
n oT s o f l i s meu ne o b aSi. i s Se s aZle be l i a m o -
s a x le o b i s m ie r i n d iv i du a lu r a d s akuTa r
ez oe b s a d a b aRe bSi.
co ta ra m i s to r i i d a n
k o mp o s ti re b i s meTo d i s auku nee b i s m a nZi lze iy o cn o b i l i, m agra m me -19 s au -
ku neSi r oca m i ne ra lu rma s a suqe bm a hp ove s f a rTo ga m oy e ne ba e s meTo d i m iv iwy -
e bu l i iq na. k o mp o s tze r ogo rc s aukeTe s o o rga nu l s a suqze f iqr i d a s av leTSi
d a iwy e s, ra s a c m i m dev re b i ma leve ga m ouCn de n a me r ik aSi.
dRe i s aTv i s ze d m iwev n iTaa Se swav l i l i k o mp o s t i re baSi m i d m i na re y ve la q i m i -
u r i d a m ik r o b i o l ogiu r i pr oce s i d a x o r cie l de ba m i s i aq t iu ra d d a ne rgv a.
ra a r i s k o mp o s ti?
k o mp o s ti – s aukeTe s o o rga nu l i s a suq i a, r o me -
l i c Se iZle ba m iv iRoT o rga nu l i na rCe ne b i s d aS-
l i s Se de ga d.
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rogor mimdinareobs kompostirebis procesi
k o mp o s t i re b a - e s a r i s b i o l ogiu r i p r o-
ce s i, r o m l i s d r o s a c m ik r o o rga n iz me b i s m o -
nawi le o b iT x de b a o rga nu l i na rCe ne b i s d aS-
la d a ga r d aq m na o rga nu l s a suq a d – k o m -
p o s ta d, r o me l i c Sav i, f xv ie r i m iwi s su n i s
mq o ne o rga nu l m a s a s wa rm o a dge ns.
m aSi n r o de s a c o rga nu l i na rCe ne b i s d aSla
bu ne b aSi bu ne br iv a d m i m d i na re o b s, k o mp o s t i -
re b i s meTo d i s aSu a le b a s iZlev a e s p r o ce s i
d aCq a r de s d a gau mjo be s de s a d a m i a n i s Ca re -
v iT. m aRa l i x a r i s x i s k o mp o s t i s m i s aRe b a d
m n iSv ne l ov a n i a swo ra d iq ne s gaazre bu l i k o mp o s t i re b i s p r o ce s i s m i m d i na re o b a.
a m p r o s ce sSi m n iSv ne l ov a n r o l s a sru le be n m ik r o o rga n iz me b i d a u xe r xe m l oe b i,
r o m le b s a c gaaCn i aT mTav a r i fu nq ci a o rga nu l i na rCe ne b i s d aSlaSi.
gvaxsovdes, kompostirebisaTvis:
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gvaxsovdes, kopostirebis procesis optimaluri mimdinareobisaTvis
aucilebelia:
• k o mp o s t i s m a s i s k a rgi ae ra ci a;
• o p t i m a lu r i te n i a n o b a;
• m a s a l i s m rav a l fe r ov a n i na rev i;
• na xSi rb a d i s a d a az o t i s xe l s ay re l i C/N xe l s ay -
re l i Ta na f a r d o b a;
• k o mp o s t i re b i s s awy i s s f az a-
Si o rga nu l i m a s i s d aTbu ne -
b a (na mjiT a n s xv a m a s a l iT
d a f a rv a).
6
• k a t i s a d a ZaRl i s eq sk re me nte b i (Se s a le be -
l i a p aTo l ogiu r m ik r o o rga n iz me b s Se ca-
v de s). e s uk a na sk ne l i y ove lTv i s a r kv de b i -
a n k o mp o s t i re b i s gr ov i s ga xrw n i s d r o s
• d aav a de bu l i cx ove l i s nake l i a n s xv a o r -
ga nu l i na rCe ne b i
• me ta l i, p la s tm a s i, SuSa, x i s d i d i naWre b i,
d i d i ra o de n o b iT q aRa l d i.
baq te r ie b i
7
x a nm ok le a, d a a x l oe b iT 20-30 wuTi. i s i n i ne b i s m ie r i s a x i s o rga nu l i n ivTie re -
be b iT ikve be b i a n.
f s i x o lo f i lu r i baq te r ie b i
f s i x o l o f i lu r i b aq te r ie b i s aq t iv o b a uzru n-
ve ly o f s s ak o mp o s te nay a rSi s iTb o s wa rm oq m na s d a
Se s a b a m i s a d q m n i s p i r o be b s mez o f i lu r i b aq te r ie -
b i s aTv i s, r o m le b i c aq t iu r de b i a n, m aSi n r o ca s a-
k o mp o s te nay a rSi te mpe ra tu ra me rye o b s 22-380C,
x o l o 45-700C wi na p la nze ga m o d i a n Te rm o f i lu r i
b aq te r ie b i. f s i x o l o f i lu r i b aq te r ie b i aq t iu r-
n i a r i a n, m aSi n r o ca s ak o mp o s te nay a r i a x a l i a,
ga ns akuTre b iT Se m o dgo m aze r o ca a m i n d i s te mpe r a-
tu ra d a b a l i a.
s ok oe b i d a aq ti no m i ce te b i
s ok oe b i d a aq t i n o m i ce te b i a r i s b aq te r ie b i s
m sgav s i o rga n iz me b i, r o m le b i c s ak o mp o s te nay a rs
m iwi s su rne l s a n iWe be n. k o mp o s t i re b i s p r o ce s i s
d a s a sru l s, i s i n i nay a rSi m o ci s f r o - m o na ci s f r o -
m wv a ne f xv n i l i se bu r i a n o b o b i s q se l i s m sgav s i
fe n i s s a x iT i my o fe b i a n.
r o ca s ak o mp o s te nay a r i s Su a nawi lSi te mpe r a-
tu ra m a tu l o b s, u xe rxe m l oe b i iRu pe b i a n a n ga d a-
d i a n nay a r i s Se d a re b iT gr i l a dgi la s. aq i s i n i
b aq te r ie b iT, u m a rt ive se b iT d a s ok o s sp o re b iT ikve be b i a n. a seve s ok oe b iT ikve -
be b i a n tk i pe b i d a ku d fe x i a ne b i.
Wi ay e le b i
o rga nu li ma sa le b i
9
m ocu lo ba
ae raci a
te ni a no ba
u n d a gv a x s ov de s, ra c u f r o d i d i a s ak o mp o s te
m a s i s ze d ap i r i s f a rTo b i, m iT u f r o e feq tu r a d
muSa o be n m ik r o o rga n iz me b i d a Se s a b a m i s a d d aS-
l i s p r o ce s i c u f r o swra f a d m i d i s. o rga nu l i
na rCe ne b i s wi na swa r i d aqu cm a ce b a s ak m a o d a m ci r -
e b s d aSl i s aTv i s s aWi r o d r o s. ga ns akuTre b iT k a r-
gi a spe ci a lu r i d a na dga r i s ga m oye ne b a f oTle b i s
d a x i s t o te b i s d a s aqu cm a ce b la d. o rga nu l i na r -
10
Ce ne b i s d aqu cm a ce b i s u f r o m a rt iv i s aSu -
a le b aa Tu m a s wi na swa r cu l iT a n s xv a s a-
s o f l o- s a meu rne o i a raRiT d av a nawev re bT.
te mpe ra tu ra
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arsebobs kompostirebis `swrafi~ da `neli~ meTodi
k o mp o s t i re b i s “ swra f i” meTo d i gu l i s x -
m o b s o rga nu l i na rCe ne b i s ga nTav se b a s spe -
ci a lu r k o ns truq cie bSi – k o mp o s te re bSi.
k o mp o s te r i Se iZle b a d a mz a d de s x i s a n
p la s tm a s i s k o nte i ne r i sga n. a seve k o mp o s te -
r i s m a s a la d Se iZle b a ga m ov iye n oT m avTu l-
b a de.
k o mp o s te rs a r u n d a hq o n de s Zi r i, r a dga n
a m p r o ce s i s aTv i s au ci le be l i a k o ntaq t i n i -
a d ags a d a s ak o mp o s te nay a rs So r i s. r a c Se -
e xe b a k o mp o s te r i s ke d le b s i s i n i u n d a a ta re b d ne n h ae rs d a wy a l s. aRn iSnu l i
meTo d i s ak m a o d Sr o m a tev a d i a, v i na i d a n m o iTx ov s s ak o mp o s te nay a r i s xSi r a rev a s,
az o t i s a d a na xSi rb a d i s b a la ns i s d a cv a s d a a.S. a m meTo d iT k o mp o s t i s m iRe b a
Se s aZle be l i a ra m o de n i me TveSi (m aq s i mu m 6 Tve).
s aWi r o ma s a le b i a:
• d aqu cm a ce bu l i o rga nu l i m a s a la (“m wv a ne” d a “muq i” k o mp o ne nte b i);
• wy a l i;
• Sav i m iwa;
• f iwa l i;
• breze nt i;
• s a s aTbu re Te rm o me tr i.
sak o mp o ste ma sa le b i
k o mp o s t i s m i s aRe b a d s ak o mp o s te nay a r i s
m a s a u n d a iy o s d aqu cm a ce bu l i d a m r av a l-
fe r ov a n i. s ak o mp o s te nay a r i s p i rve l fe na d
u n d a ga nTav s de s “muq i” k o mp o ne nte b i (10-15s m),
r o me l i c m d i d a r i a na xSi rb a d iT d a Se m de g
“m wv a ne” k o mp o ne nte b i (10-15s m), r o me l i c m d i -
d a r i a az o t iT. a m fe ne b s So r i s a seve Se s aZle -
be l i a ga nTav s de s s a mz a reu l o s (x i l i, b o s tn-
eu l i) na rCe ne b i.
Tu s aWm l i s na rCe ne b s a c d av a m a te bT, m aSi n
d a m a te b iT u n d a d ae m a t o s m iwi s, na xe r x i s, Ca-
l i s a n f oTle b i s fe na, r o me l i c uzru nve ly -
o f s wa rm oq m n i l i a ra s a s i a m ov n o su n i s STa nTq m a s.
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s ak o mp o s te nay a rSi wi na we l s m iRe bu l i mz a k o mp o s t i s d a m a te b a. i m Se mTxve v aSi
r o ca a dgi l i aqv s xSi r wv i me b s, s aWi r o te n i a n o b i s Se s a na rCu ne b l a d s a su rve l i a
s ak o mp o s te nay a r s ga d ae f a r o s breze nt i.
s ah ae r o f o re b i
`muSti s~ meTo d i
k o mp o sti s gacie ba
k o mp o s t i s ga cive b a k o mp o s t i s m o m wi fe b i s s a b o l o o e tap i. a m d r o s x de b a
m dgra d i nae rTe b i s, o rga nu l i mJave b i s, d i d i d auSle l i nawi lake b i s d a m a s a le b i s
d aSla, r o me l i c k o mp o s t i re b i s aq t iv o b i s p r o ce sSi ve r m o xe r x d a. s ak o mp o s te
nay a r i s a rev i s Se m de g, Tu te mpe r a tu r a aRa r m a tu l o b s, iwye b a e.w. k o mp o s t i s
ga cive b i s s ta d i a. ga cive b i s s ta d i a d a sru le bu la d iTv le b a, r o ca s ak o mp o s te
nay a rSi te mpe ra tu ra gauTa na br de b a ga re m o s te mpe r a tu r a s.
d au m wi fe be l i k o mp o s t i Se s aZle be l i a t oq s iku r i aRm oCn de s CiTi l i s a d a ne r -
ge b i s aTv i s, a m i t o m s a su rve l i a m o x de s k o mp o s t i s sru l i d aSla.
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kompostirebis alternatiuli meTodebi
k o mp o sti re ba fe ne ba d
k o mp o s t i re b a fe ne b a d gu l i s x m o b s b aRSi n i a d agi s ze -
d ap i rze ne d l i o rga nu l i na rCe ne b i s ga nTav se b a s. ke rZo d,
d aqu cm a ce bu l i m a s a Se s aZle be l i a ga n lagde s m ce na ree b i s
ga rSe m o mu lCi s s a x iT d a d r oTa ga nm av l o b aSi m o x de s m i s i
Ta n d aTa n o b iT d aSla. a m meTo d i s ga m oye ne b a s a su rve l i a
m o x de s gv i a n Se m o dgo m aze.
k o mp o sti re ba o rm oSi
say v av i le m iwa
14
k o mp o s t i. k o mp o s t i s u f r o me t i r a o de n o b iT d a m a te b a m
Se iZle b a ga m o iwv i o s m ce na reTa fe sve b i s cu d i ae r a ci a.
Tu k o mp o s t i re b i s p r o ce s i swo r a d m i d i s d aav a de b i s ga-
m o m wvev i o rga n iz me b i d a s a reve l i s Te s l i na dgu r de b a. Tu m ca
Se s aZle be l i a z ogie rTi m aTga n i ga d a rCe s p r o ce s i s a r a sru l i
m i m d i na re o b i s a s.
ra a r i s mu lCi?
organu li narCe ne bi s p i rdap i r miwi s ze dap i rze ganTav se bas mu lCi re ba ewode -
ba. niadagi s mu lCi re ba au mjobe se bs niadagi s agrofiziku r Tv i se be bs, icav s mas
e rozii sagan. mce naree biT da faru li niadagi mdi d rde ba organu li masiT. mu lCi -
re ba gav le nas ax de ns niadagSi mimdi nare biologiu r da qimiu r proce se bze.
3. sa su rve li a Tu Wi ay e le b i s d av ama te bT
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5. k o mp o sti s m o sav a li
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reziume
ra unda gvaxsovdes kompostis momzadebisas
balansirebuli racioni
tenianoba
aeracia
s ak o mp o s te nay a r i, r o m l i s z o m a a r i s 1m 3 - i de a lu r i a. u f r o m ci re z o m i s
Se mTxvev aSi s ak o mp o s te nay a rSi o rga nu l i na rCe ne b i a dv i la d ga m oSre b a, Tu m ca Tu
k o mp o s te r i Tav d a xu ru l i a, m aSi n m a sSi o rga nu l i na rCe ne b i i na rCu ne b s s i n o t ive s.
u f r o d i d i z o me b i s Se mTxvev aSi k i s aWi r o a m aTi a rev a r aTa, nay a r i s ce ntrSi
m o x de s h ae r i s SeRwev a.
gamoyenebuli literatura:
Composting at Home – South Carolina & Recyling Organics Wisely
www.kompostery.com
www.mois-sad-don.ru
www.kompost.ru
www.dnipro-gef.net
www.countrydeliving.net
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pu b lika ci aze muSa o b d a:
le la y aWe iSv i li
d iza i n i:
i rak li gu le d a n i
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