August 13, 2021

(for discussion on August 21, 2021)

indian institute of technology indore
MA 603 Topology-I
Tutorial Sheet I

1. Let X = {a, b, c, d, e}. Then justify with reasons whether the following are topologies
on X or not.
(a) T1 = {∅, {a}, {c, d}, {a, c, d}, {b, c, d, e}, X}.
(b) T2 = {∅, {a}, {c, d}, {a, c, d}, {b, c, d}, X}.
(c) T3 = {∅, {a}, {c, d}, {a, c, d}, {a, b, d, e}, X}.
(d) T4 = {∅, {a}, {b, d}, {a, b, d}, {b, d, e}, {a, b, d, e}, X}.
(e) T5 = {∅, {a}, {b, d}, {b, c, d}, {b, d, e}, {a, c, d, e}, X}.
(f) T6 = {∅, {b}, {c, d}, {b, c, d}, {a, c, d}, {a, c, d, e}, X}.
2. Let N be the set of all natural numbers and let T be the collection consisting of the
empty set and all non-empty subsets of N of the form
On = {n, n + 1, n + 2, . . .}, n ∈ N.
Then show that T is a topology for N.
3. Let X = {a, b, c}. Consider the collections of subsets of X:
Na = {X}, Nb = {{b, c}, X}, Nc = {{c}, {a, c}}.
Show that
(a) if an open set N ∈ Nx , then x ∈ N for all x ∈ X;
(b) if N ∈ Nx and M ∈ Nx , then N ∩ M ∈ Nx for all x ∈ X.
4. Let X be a nonempty set and let B = {{x} : x ∈ X}. Is B a basis for X ? If so, what
is the topology T that B generates ? Justify your answers.
5. Let (X, T) be a topological space and let B be a basis for T. Assume that B1 , B2 , . . . , Bn
are basis elements and that x ∈ ∩ni=1 Bi . Show that there exists B 0 ∈ B such that
x ∈ B 0 ⊂ ∩ni=1 Bi .
6. Let X be any non-empty set and let T be a collection of all those subsets of X whose
complements are countable together with the empty set ∅. Is T a topology on X?
Justify your answer.
7. Give justification to the truth of the following statement: for every n ∈ N, there exists
a topological space with n-points.
8. Prove or disprove that the countable collection
B1 = {(a, b) : a < b, a and b rational}
is a basis for the standard topology on R.
P.T.O.
 9. Determine whether the class of open equilateral triangles of the plane R2 forms a basis
for the usual topology on R2 .

10. Let X be a topological space; let A be a subset of X. Suppose that for each x ∈ A
there is an open set O containing x such that O ⊂ A. Show that A is open in X.

11. Let B be a basis for a topology T on X and let B ∗ be a class of open sets containing
B, i.e. B ⊂ B ∗ ⊂ T. Show that B ∗ is also a basis for T. Also verify this statement by
providing an example.

12. Let B and B ∗ be bases, respectively, for topologies T and T ∗ on a set X. Suppose that
each B ∈ B is the union of members of B ∗ . Show that T is coarser than T ∗ .

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