Activity 1

Describe the appearance of the powder

a. Before heating.

b. After heating

What made the difference in the appearance of the powder after heating?

Activity 2

Procedures
1. Gently open the candy bar. Be careful not to break any of its outer chocolate
coating.
2. To illustrate divergent boundaries, run the blunt knife across the surface of the
chocolate bar.
Hold the opposite ends of the bar and pull it apart to about half an inch. Take a
picture of your
result.
3. To illustrate transform boundaries, first, return the bar to its original form. Move
the bars by
sliding it to the side-to-side. Take a picture of your result.
4. To illustrate convergent boundaries, first, return the bar to its original form. Push
the bars
towards each other for about half an inch or until the chocolate coating rises over
each other.
Take a picture of your result.
5. Submit the pictures here in Canvas. Don’t forget to label your pictures.
Activity 3
Briefly describe the Pacific Ring of Fire.
What is its classification of volcano occurrences in these areas?


Activity 4
 1. Define the different terms labelled on the picture above.
 Epicenter- is the point on the earth's surface vertically above the hypocenter (or focus),
point in the crust where a seismic rupture begins.
 Fault- is a fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock. Faults allow the blocks
to move relative to each other. 
 Focus- make up the outer layer of the Earth's surface and whose movement
along faults triggers earthquakes and is the point directly above it at the surface of the
Earth. Also commonly termed the focus.

2. Compare and contrast the Richter scale and the moment magnitude scale.
 Moment magnitude estimates are about the same as Richter magnitudes for small to
large earthquakes but Richter Scale is mostly effective for regional earthquakes no
greater than M5 while Moment Magnitude uses more variables to calculate the energy
released using seismic moment. 
3. Define the following terms in relation to earthquakes
a. Landslide- defined as the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a
slope. When an earthquake occurs, the transmission of seismic waves can cause
shaking and vibration of ground surface and strong earthquake ground shaking greatly
increases the likelihood of landslides where landscape is susceptible to these types of
ground failure.
b. Tsunami- A tsunami is a series of waves caused by earthquakes or undersea
volcanic eruptions and most tsunami are caused by large earthquakes on the sea floor
when slabs of rock move past each other suddenly, causing the overlying water to move.
The resulting waves move away from the source of the earthquake event.

Activity 5
Label the type of rock in the illustration of the cycle below.

IGNEOUS ROCK

SEDIMENTARY
ROCK

METAMORPHIC ROCK
   
Activity 6
Define the following terms in relation to mineral compounds.
a. Sulfides
 Sulfide minerals are compounds in which sulfur is combined as an anion with a
metal (or semi-metal) cation or cations. The definition is commonly widened to
include minerals in which the anion is As or Sb, sometimes together with S, and to
include Se and Te minerals
b. Oxides
 Oxide minerals are inorganic compounds in which positively charged ions of metals or
transition elements bond to negatively charged oxygen, O2−. Oxides are generally harder
and denser than hydroxides. The latter predominantly occur as secondary alteration and
weathering products .

c. Metals
 They have a characteristic chemical and physical properties and usually a regular crystal
structure. Most rocks that we see today are made of minerals (they are the 'ingredients'
in rocks) and both precious metals and gems are subsets of minerals.

d. Non-metals
 a chemical element that mostly lacks the characteristics of a metal and  are natural
materials that do not produce heat or electricity and that are structurally brittle (can not
be easily rolling, moulding, extruding or pressing). 

e. High grade ores

 refers to mining out the portions of the ore body that has the highest grade of material to
be mined. However, it may also refer to the concealment and theft of valuable gold or
silver ore by miners for personal profit.

f. Low grade ores

 a rock that contains enough of a metal or a metal compound to make extracting the
metal worthwhile and low-grade ores contain a small percentage of the metal or
its compound.

Activity 7
Identify the following pictures according to the types of mining.

STRIP MINING SHAFT MINING

  

Activity 8

SLOPE MINING OPEN-PIT SURFACE MINING