SJB INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

PROJECT PHASE 2 REVIEW 1

PRESENTATION ON
“CROWD COUNTING SYSTEM USING SWITCH CONVOLUTION NEURAL
NETWORK”
BY
MANISH .K 1JB17CS072

MADHU .H 1JB18CS418

MADAN REDDY 1JB17CS067

SRINIVAS GOWDA 1JB17CS059

UNDER THE GUIDANCE

OF

PAVITHRA G S
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CROWD COUNTING
SYSTEM
 TABLE OF CONTENTS :

1 INTRODUCTION
2 LITERETURE SURVEY
3 PROBLEM STATEMENT
4 DIFFERENT COMPUTER VISION TECHNIQUES FOR CROWD COUNTING
5 OBJECTIVES
6 DESIGN
7 SCNN
8 CONCLUSION
9 REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION :
• Crowd Counting is a task to count people in image.

• It is mainly used in real-life for automated public monitoring such as surveillance and
traffic control.

• Crowd Counting aims at recognizing arbitrarily sized targets in various situations

including sparse and cluttering scenes at the same time.

• accurately estimating the number of objects in a single image is a challenging yet

meaningful task and has been applied in many applications such as urban planning
and public safety.
 Crowd Counting
Crowd Counting is a technique to count or estimate the number
of people in an image. Take a moment to analyze the image:

Can you give me an approximate number of how many people

are in the frame?
The most direct method is to manually count each person but
does that make practical sense?

It’s nearly impossible when the crowd is this big!

most computer vision techniques can produce impressively
precise estimates.
LITERATURE SURVEY

AUTHOR TITLE METHODS ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAG

ES
Idrees, Haroon, et Multi-source HOG + SIFT + Count in No explicit density
al multi-scale MRF extremely dense function, count in
counting in crowd still images only
extremely dense
crowd images

Hussain, Norhaida CDES: A pixel- BP-neural network High accuracy in False detection in
based crowd low density dense crowd
density estimation
system for Masjid
al-Haram
AUTHOR TITLE METHODS ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
S

Luo, Jun Real-time people Multi-view head Both static and Limited to sparse
counting for indoor shoulder detection moving crowd crowd, poor
scenes count performance on
people with strange
clothes

Fradi, Hajer, and Towards crowd Part based Detect partially Difficult in low
Jean-Luc Dugelay density-aware detection visible humans resolution, camera
video surveillance position
applications
AUTHOR TITLE METHODS ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
S

Lebano, Logan, and Counting in Dense CNN + Deep Introduction of a Time consumes for
Haroon Idrees Crowds using Deep learning novel loss function training
Learning

Zhang, Cong Cross-scene crowd Deep convolution Solve the cross- Pre-trained CNN
counting via deep neural network scene crowd model required
convolutional (CNN) counting problem
neural networks
 PROBLEM STATEMENT

• A Crowd is a gathering of numbers of people at some place.

• It is not feasible to count/monitor all the people at various places like university, shopping
malls, railway stations, airports or at any other place by looking at them.

• However, with the introduction of Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) cameras this problem
has been solved up to some extent.

• Generally, there are number of CCTV cameras installed at various places to record the
environment. But, the tough task is that it is not feasible for human operator to sit all the
time in front of the CCTV and monitor/count the crowd.
• Another challenge in crowd counting is the occlusion, preserving the
object across multiple frames when they overlap with each other. In the
proposed work the Deep Learning based method
Different Computer Vision Techniques for Crowd
Counting

1. Detection-based methods
• Here, we use a moving window-like detector to identify
people in an image and count how many there are.
• Although these methods work well for detecting faces, they
do not perform well on crowded images as most of the target
objects are not clearly visible.

2. Regression-based methods
• We first crop patches from the image and then, for each
patch, extract the low level features.

3. Density estimation-based methods

• We first create a density map for the objects. Then, the
algorithm learn a linear mapping between the extracted
features and their object density maps.
4. CNN-based methods

• Instead of looking at the patches of an

image, we build an end-to-end
regression method using CNNs.

• This takes the entire image as

input and directly generates the
crowd count.
 OBJECTIVES

1 Thorough literature study

2 Understanding of the technology stack

3 Crowd counting dataset collection

4 Dataset preparation (labeling, cleaning, augmentation, normalization)

5 Model to recognize the Crowd and subsequently identify the counts

6 Validating the model on wide range of queries

7 Model deployment

8 Live Demo
 DESIGN

• This introduces an automatic people counting system

which count multiple people who interact in the
region,.

• Using a single overhead mounted camera Counting is

performed by analyzing the image to detect faces.

• When images encompass hundreds of animals rather

than one or only a few
• The researchers devised three learning processes that assist
a convolutional neural network in interpreting this noisy
data

• Data Pre-processing

• Dataset Gathering

• Data cleansing

• Data augmentation
 SCNN

There are 3 main training stages

○ Pretraining

○ Differential training

○ Coupled Training
SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

Software

1. Microsoft Windows 10
2. PYCHARM /JUPYTER NOTEBOOK
3. Python 3.8

Hardware Requirements

1. 100 GB HDD
2. 4GB RAM
3. i3 PROCESSOR
4. 2GB GRAPHICS CARD
APPLICATIONS

1.Intelligent Surveillance

2.Crowd Management

3.Public Space Design

LIMITATIONS

• OCCLUSION

• CLUTTER

• IRREGULAR OBJECT DISTRIBUTION

• NON UNIFORM OBJECT SCALE

 CONCLUSION
• Crowd counting has diverse applications and being adopting by organizations and government
bodies.

• We as a project team has successfully worked on planning the implementation of our crowd
counting in this phase we have worked on technological stack which we are using in the
project & algorithm designing & workflow of counting system

• Following the learn & implement process in each process. Mathematical analysis of the
algorithms used in machine learning is also being into consideration for efficient ML model
development & deployment.
 REFERENCES
1. Hussain, Norhaida, et al. “CDES: A pixel-based crowd density estimation system
for Masjid al-Haram.” Safety Science 49.6 (2011): 824–833.
2. Idrees, Haroon, et al. “Multi-source multi-scale counting in extremely dense crowd
images.” Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern
Recognition. 2013
3. Luo, Jun, et al. “Real-time people counting for indoor scenes.” Signal Processing
(2015).
4. Fradi, Hajer, and Jean-Luc Dugelay. “Towards crowd density-aware video
surveillance applications.” Information Fusion 24 (2015): 3–15.
5. Lebano_, Logan, and Haroon Idrees. “Counting in Dense Crowds using Deep
Learning”.
6. Zhang, Cong, et al. “Cross-scene crowd counting via deep convolutional neural
networks.” Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern
Recognition. 2015.
THANK YOU