English for Academic and Professional Purposes– SHS

Quarter 1 – Module 1: Differentiate language used in academic texts from various

discipline

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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.)
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and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad Assistant

Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writer : IMEE S. GABION

Editors : GINA B. PANTINO SONIA V. PRENSADER JOSALIE T. TONIO

LORAINE T. CHIONG

Reviewers: GINA B. PANTINO and

Masbate Province Division headed by HELEN
TITONG

Illustrator / Layout Artist:JOHN MICHAEL P. SARTE

 SHS

English or Academic and

Professional Purposes
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Differentiate language used in academic
texts from various discipline

me in learning delivery of the Department of Education. This module was collaboratively reviewed by educators and program

Department of Education Republic of the Philippines

1
 I. INTRODUCTION TO THE LESSON

ofessional Purposes (EAPP).

osure. The reading materials thus provide exciting learning opportunities. The activities included will develop and enhance y

II. OBJECTIVE
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
✔ Differentiate language used in academic texts from various discipline.

III. VOCABULARY LIST

Let us enrich your vocabulary with these terms that you will encounter
throughout the lesson.

▪ Academic Language – Academic language includes language used in textbooks, in

classrooms, on tests, and in each discipline. It is different in vocabulary and structure from the
everyday spoken English of social interactions. Each type of communication (both academic and
social) has its purpose, and neither is superior to the other.

▪ Linguistic register - are certain registers of language (types of language use) peculiar to
specific professions such as medical science, engineering, and business.

▪ Medical language - is used to describe components and processes of the human body, medical
procedures, diseases, disorders, and pharmacology. Simply put, it is the vocabulary that medical
professionals use to describe the body, what it does, and the treatments they prescribe.
 ▪ Legal language -means a language used by the persons connected to the legal profession. The
language used by the lawyer, jurist, and the legislative drafts man in their professional capacities.
Law being a technical subject speaks through its own register.

▪ Journalistic language - This type of language helps understand how journalists create their
stories or reports, shape points of view, deliver expected news and how media language is
different from other languages we encounter.

▪ Literary language - register of a language that is used in literary writing.

▪ Jargon - special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are
difficult for others to understand.

▪ Legal indictment - An indictment is a formal accusation of a felony, issued by a grand jury

based upon a proposed charge, witnesses' testimony and other evidence presented by the public
prosecutor (District Attorney). It is the grand jury's determination that there is enough evidence
that the defendant committed the crime to justify having a trial voted by a grand jury. In order to
issue an indictment, the grand jury doesn't make a determination of guilt, but only the probability
that a crime was committed, that the accused person did it and that he/she should be tried. District
Attorneys do not present a full case to the grand jury, but often only introduce key facts sufficient
to show the probability that the accused committed a crime.

▪ Sob Story - a sentimental story

▪ Autopsy – (post-mortem examination, obduction, necropsy, or autopsia cadaverum) is a surgical
procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse by dissection to determine the
cause, mode, and manner of death or to evaluate any disease or injury that may be present for
research or educational purposes.

▪ MIMS - The Monthly Index of Medical Specialties or MIMS is a pharmaceutical prescribing

reference guide published in the United Kingdom since 1959 by Haymarket Media Group.

IV. PRETEST
A. Check your knowledge.
Instructions: Read carefully, analyze, and determine the register of language used
in the following text. Choose from the options inside the box.
Write the answers in your activity notebook.

Language of Medicine Language of Law Language of

literature
Language of BusinessLanguage of Journalism
1. Text A

Republic of the Philippines

REGIONAL TRIAL COURT
Judicial Region
Branch , City

EX-PARTE MOTION FOR EXTENSION TO SUBMIT

COMPROMISE AGREEMENT
Defendants, by the undersigned counsel and unto the Honorable Court., respectfully state
that:
(1) On the 5 January 2015, the Honorable Court, in open court, directed the parties
to submit their Compromise Agreement within ten (10) days therefrom, or on 15
January 2015. Said day being a Sunday, the parties have until the next working day,
16 January 2015, to submit said Compromise Agreement.
(2) Defendant Hanna Dy is presently abroad and needs to execute a Special Power
Attorney authorizing her brother and Co-defendant Roland Dy to sign the
Compromise Agreement.
(3) Thus, the defendant respectfully prays that the parties be given additional fifteen
(15) days from today, or until 30 January 2015, within, which to submit their
Compromise Agreement.
(4) This motion is not intended to delay the instant proceedings but filed solely by
reason of the foregoing. Moreover, the filing of the same will not result in any
injustice or prejudice to any of the parties.
2. Text B

Bicol’s COVID-19 cases double in just 12 days

The number of COVID-19 cases in Bicol region has doubled in only 12 days, as it
crossed the 200 mark on Thursday (July 9).The Department of Health (DOH) in the region
reported 10 new cases of COVID-19, raising the number of cases in the region to 208. The
last time Bicol had less than 100 cases was on June 27.
Seven of the new cases on Thursday were reported in Naga City in Camarines Sur
province. The history of exposure and travel of all of the Naga City patients were “for
verification” as Thursday afternoon, according to DOH.
Also, on the list of new cases were two returning residents of Mandaon town in
Masbate province. The two—a 29-year-old woman and a 4-year-old boy—arrived from
Zambales province on June 27 and were found to be positive for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that
causes COVID-19.Both were not showing symptoms yet but were the first cases in Mandaon
town.
In Virac town in Catanduanes province, a two-year-old boy who arrived from Rizal
province on June 29 showed symptoms of the disease five days later.
Albay province still has the most virus infections in Bicol with 82.
Camarines Sur recorded 76 cases. The island province of Masbate has recorded 18
cases. Sorsogon has 11 cases. Catanduanes, another island province, has eight cases.
Camarines Norte has six cases.

3. Text C

Our Mother Tongue

(A poem originally in Tagalog written by Rizal when he was only
eight years old)

IF truly a people dearly love

The tongue to them by Heaven sent,
They'll surely yearn for liberty
Like a bird above in the firmament.
BECAUSE by its language one can judge
A town, a barrio, and kingdom;
And like any other created thing
Every human being loves his freedom.
ONE who doesn't love his native tongue,
Is worse than putrid fish and beast;
AND like a truly precious thing
It therefore deserves to be cherished.
THE Tagalog language's akin to Latin, To
English, Spanish, angelical tongue;
For God who knows how to look after us
This language He bestowed us upon.
AS others, our language is the same With
alphabet and letters of its own,
It was lost because a storm did destroy
On the lake the bangka 1 in years bygone.
4. Text D

Once upon a time, there lived a shepherd boy who was bored watching his flock
of sheep on the hill. To amuse himself, he shouted, “Wolf! Wolf! The sheep are being
chased by the wolf!” The villagers came running to help the boy and save the sheep.
They found nothing and the boy just laughed looking at their angry faces.
“Don’t cry ‘wolf’ when there’s no wolf boy!”, they said angrily and left. The boy just
laughed at them.
After a while, he got bored and cried ‘wolf!’ again, fooling the villagers a
second time. The angry villagers warned the boy a second time and left. The boy
continued watching the flock. After a while, he saw a real wolf and cried loudly, “Wolf!
Please help! The wolf is chasing the sheep. Help!”
But this time, no one turned up to help. By evening, when the boy didn’t return
home, the villagers wondered what happened to him and went up to the hill. The boy sat
on the hill weeping. “Why didn’t you come when I called out that there was a wolf?” he
asked angrily. “The flock is scattered now”, he said.
An old villager approached him and said, “People won’t believe liars even when
they tell the truth. We’ll look for your sheep tomorrow morning. Let’s go home
now”.

5. Text E

President Duterte approves limited face-to-face classes in low-risk areas

starting 2021
As several local government units and private schools are requesting to hold limited
face-to-face classes in low-risk areas, President Rodrigo Roa Duterte on Tuesday
approved its conduct starting next year.
This development came after the Department of Education (DepEd) received queries
from local chief executives, legislators, private and international schools, and other
education stakeholders on the possibility of conducting limited face-to- face classes in
areas where it is deemed safe to do so by the Inter-Agency Task Force (IATF) and the
Department of Health (DOH).
Secretary Leonor Magtolis Briones noted that limited face-to-face classes will ONLY
be allowed upon the request of the LGU and school concerned and can only happen
January 2021 under conditions set by the DOH, DepEd and IATF.
Moreover, it can only be considered in low-risk areas or in areas at least under Modified
General Community Quarantine (MGCQ) or in the transition phase between GCQ and
the New Normal.
The Education chief emphasized that decisions to allow limited, localized face- to-face
classes will be made with due coordination between DepEd, the LGUs concerned, and
the local health authorities.
 V. LEARNING CONCEPTWhat is an academic text?
Let us have a brief review of it so you will understand the lesson better.

Academic Text
Academic text is typically used for textbooks, tests, in classrooms, and any other discipline related
to the field of academics. It is very different from the structure of vocabulary and structure from everyday
conversations through social interactions. Academic text is a formal way to present words and terms
typical for the field.

Content and Style of Academic Texts

⮚ Include concepts and theories related to the specific discipline

⮚ Have clearly structured introduction, body, and conclusion.
⮚ Include information from credible sources that are properly cited.
⮚ Include concepts and theories that are related to the specific discipline they explore.
⮚ Usually exhibit all properties of a well-written text --- organization, unity, coherence, and strict
adherence to the rules of language and mechanics.

The specific ideas in various academic texts are dependent on the field of academic text one is
reading in. For example, Humanities texts discuss more about the various human expressions, such as art
and languages, while the sciences contain the scientific method that discusses the objective result of an
experiment or the specific research methodology. The specific ideas in various academic text can be
understood after skimming and closely reading the text.

at you already have an idea about an academic text, let’s discuss the register of language so it will be easy
 BAYER ASPIRIN Bayer Non-Rx
C: Acetylsalicylic acid

sient ischemic attacks & stroke. D: 1 tab daily.

. Children <16 yr.
en close to delivery, patients with flu, chickenpox or hemorrhagic fever, GI ulceration or asthma. Onset of persistent vomiting may be a
topenia.
ulfonylureas, methotrexate, spironolactone, furosemide, antigout agents. Alcohol.

er.

What is the easiest reading assignment you have done so far? How about
the most difficult one?
What do you think made the reading assignment difficult or easy?

Read information about the medicine called aspirin.

Did you find the information useful? Did you encounter difficulties in
understanding the information? Who do you think is the intended reader
of this write-up about aspirin?

When you access information, you should pay attention on how ideas
are arranged in the text. There are instances when complex
information can be better understood if the ideas are presented in an
organized manner which is one of the characteristics of an academic
text.
Look how every piece of information about this medicine is conveyed in
the above entry taken from MIMS, 107th Edition 2006 Philippine Index
of Medical Specialties.
The clustering of ideas under specific headings can facilitate
understanding of texts.
I know you find it difficult to understand some information because of
the language used.
There are certain registers of language (types of
Language use) peculiar to specific professions such as medical science,
engineering, and business. These types of language use may be
unintelligible to people not belonging to the same profession. Such
language use is also referred to as jargon.
 In the case of aspirin, its common use as a drug to relieve
pain and reduce fever has gained popular knowledge. The
explanation given in the MIMS entry, however, contains
jargon and codes that are not familiar to the lay reader. It is,
therefore, important to grasp the coding system. What do
the initials stand for?
MIMS explains that C stands for “Contents.” Therefore,
aspirin is acetyl salicylic acid. D is for “Dosage,” which is 1
tablet daily. "I" stands for “Indications” or what the medicine
is recommended for, that is, it prevents certain health
threatening conditions. The list that follows again consists
of jargon in the medical sciences. CI stands for “contra
indications.” When these conditions are present in the
patient, the medicine should not be administered. SP
stands for “Special Precautions,” when extra care should
be taken when the medicine is prescribed. AR stands for
“Adverse Reactions” or bad or unfavorable effects or
reactions to the medicine. DI stands for “Drug Interactions.”
This means aspirin interacts with any of the items included
in the list. P/P, or Presentation and Packing, shows how the
medicine is sold or its available packaging

Now that you already have an idea on how to access

information in a text and how academic language plays an
important role in the learning process, let us have an
additional discussion about the register of language before
you proceed to doing a series of activities.

What is Linguistic Register?

✔ The concept of the linguistic register has been described by Trudgill (1983:101) as follows:
● Linguistic varieties that are linked to occupations, professions, or topics have been termed
registers. The register of law, for example, is different from the register of medicine,
which in turn is different from the language of engineering---and so on. Registers are
usually characterized solely by vocabulary differences.
● Registers are simply a rather special case of a kind of language being produced by the
social situation.

✔ According to Harold Schiffman (1997) it is a set of specialized vocabulary and preferred (or
dispreferred) syntactic and rhetorical devices/structures, used by specific socio- professional
groups for special purposes. A register is a property or characteristic of a language, and not of
an individual or a class of speakers.

Stylistic Variation: Degrees of Formality in Language Usage

1. Registers are marked by a variety of specialized vocabulary and turns of
phrases, colloquialisms, and the use of jargon.
 2. A register can be considered a unique way a speaker uses language in different
circumstances.
3. Registers encompass all the ways in which humans communicate to one
Another in specific parameters.

Some of the Language Registers are as follows:

Language of medicine/medical science (medical terminologies)

Law (legal language
Journalism (journalistic language)
Literature (literary language)

ese varieties of English in the different fields of learning are called, are distinctly shown in the following tasks that you are going to do.

VI. PRACTICE TASKS

Instructions: The following text in these series of activities illustrates the use of the English
language in different disciplines. Read carefully and evaluate its content by
answering the questions that follow. Write the answers in your activity
notebook.

PRACTICE TASK 1
Reading Text

(“FROM THE AUTOPSY SURGEONS REPORT - Google Search,” n.d.)

From the Autopsy Surgeon’s Report

Death occurred from the effects of asphyxia, cerebral anemia, and shock. The victim’s hair was
used for the constriction ligature. Local marks of the ligature were readily discernible: there were some
abrasion and a slight ecchymosis in the skin. But I found no obvious lesion in the blood vessels of the
neck.
 Cyanosis of the head was very slight and there were no pronounced hemorrhages in the galea of
the scalp. I should judge that very great compression was effected almost immediately, with compression
of the arteries as well as of the vein, and that the superior laryngeal nerve was traumatized in the effect of
throwing the victim into profound shock…
The lungs revealed cyanosis, congestion, over aeration, and sub pleural petechial hemorrhages.
Questions
1. Did you encounter difficulties in understanding the text? Why?
2. List down words that you found difficult to understand and look for its definition in the
dictionary.
3. How was the report structured?
4. What did you learn from each sentence in the report? Begin with a simple grid like the one
below:
Sentence Number Topic
1 Cause of death
2 Manner
3 Evidence
4 Evidence

5 Evidence

6 Manner

7 Evidence

5. State briefly the content of the autopsy surgeon’s report.

conclusion...,” “to sum up...”These markers help situate the succeeding statement or sentence in the enti
PRACTICE TASK 2
Reading Text
(“legal indictment - Google Search,” n.d.)

Legal Indictment
State of ----
--- Country
TWENTY-FIRST JUDICIAL
DISTRICT COURT
THE GRAND JURORS of the State of --- duly impanelled and sworn, in and for --- County in the name
and by the authority of the said State upon their oath, find and present:
That one John Doe late of --- County, on the 223rd day of January in the year of our Lord One Thousand
Nine Hundred and Twenty-Four, with force and arms, in -- - County, aforesaid and within jurisdiction of
the Twenty First Judicial District Court of ---, for the --- County, did unlawfully, feloniously, with malice
aforethought kill and slay one Porphyria Blank by strangulation.
Contrary to the form and the Statutes of the State of ---, in such cases made and provided and against the
peace and dignity of the same.
…………………………………………………..
District Attorney for the 21st
Judicial District of ---

Questions
1. Did you encounter difficulties in understanding the text? Why?
2. List down words that you found difficult to understand and look for its
definition in the dictionary.
3. Discuss the text focusing on the type of language that is used in the selection. Is this
language commonly used in ordinary communication?
4. In plain language that can be understood by an ordinary reader, share the
findings of the Great Jurors.
5. What does the last paragraph of the District Attorney’s statement means?
PRACTICE TASK 3
Reading Text

(“black and white newspapers - Google Search,” n.d.)

Local Girl Found Slain by Rejected Lover

(Newspaper Account)

Ms. Porphyria Blank, 21, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. R. J. Blank, of Barton Park, was found
strangled this morning in the cottage owned by John Doe, 25, who was apprehended on the scene of the
crime by officers Bailey and Hodge. Doe was found holding the body in his arms, and appeared to be in
stupor, his only reply to repeated questioning being, “I killed her because I loved her.”

According to the members of the Blank family, Doe had paid attention to Miss Blank for the last
several months, though it was strenuously denied that his regards for Miss Blank was returned. Miss
Blank’s engagement with Mr. Roger Weston was announced last month. Mr. Weston could not be
reached for a statement. Mrs. Blank was prostrated by the news of her daughter’s death.

The slain girl vanished last evening at approximately eleven o’clock from a dinner party given at
her parent’s home in honor of the approaching wedding. The family became alarmed when it was
discovered that she was not in her room and instituted a search for her about midnight. The police, who
were promptly notified, in the course of their search knocked at Mr. Doe’s cottage, a building some
quarter of a mile from the Blank estate, at five in the morning. Receiving no answer, they forced the door
and discovered Doe sitting with the dead girl in his lap. She had apparently been strangled, Dr. A. P.
Reynolds, Autopsy Surgeon for the county, state that, from the condition of the body, death must have
occurred at about midnight.

Questions

1. Get a copy of any broadsheet/newspaper and read an article from it. Compare this text
with the article “The local girl found slain by rejected lover.”
2. What kind of information did you get from the text? Did you notice any
similarity/difference between the two?
3. Pay attention to the words and sentences used in the news article. Are the
words and sentences difficult to understand? Why?
 4. Who is narrating the event?
5. How was the event narrated?

t you learned in your tenth-grade English class. Review prior knowledge on writing a news article; pay attention to the parts and charac

VII. Post-test
A. Instructions: Read carefully, analyze, and determine the register of language used
in the following text. Choose from the options inside the box. Write
the answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Language of Medicine Language of Law Language of literature

Language of BusinessLanguage of Journalism

1.
(From the Philippine Constitution)

LANGUAGE

Section 6. The national language of the Philippines is Filipino. As it evolves, it shall be further
developed and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages. Subject to
provisions of law and as the Congress may deem appropriate, the Government shall take steps to
initiate and sustain the use of Filipino as a medium of official communication and as language of
instruction in the educational system.

Section 7. For purposes of communication and instruction, the official languages of the
Philippines are Filipino and, until otherwise provided by law, English. The regional languages are
the auxiliary official languages in the regions and shall serve as auxiliary media of instruction
therein. Spanish and Arabic shall be promoted on a voluntary and optional basis.

Section 8. This Constitution shall be promulgated in Filipino and English and shall be translated
into major regional languages, Arabic, and Spanish.
2. Duterte’s SONA: A mix of attack, warning, plea, wish list, promises
MANILA, Philippines—As the country continued to grapple with the COVID-19 pandemic,
President Rodrigo Duterte delivered on Monday afternoon (July 27) his penultimate State of the
Nation Address (SONA).
 Unlike his late arrival for last year’s SONA, Duterte’s helicopter landed on time at the Batasang
Pambansa complex in Quezon City with some members of Congress and the Cabinet waiting
inside the plenary hall.

READ: On time: Duterte arrives at Batasan for penultimate Sona

Duterte stood at the rostrum—at his back were Senate President Vicente Sotto III and House
Speaker Alan Peter Cayetano—as he delivered his speech that lasted for more than an hour and
30 minutes.

In the second to the last of his SONA, Duterte touched on the pandemic the country is facing,
endorsed the passage of several priority bills, laid out government achievements, while from
time-to-time slamming his critics—most notably Senate Minority Leader Franklin Drilon.

Duterte likewise addressed various controversial issues such as the revival of the death penalty
and the West Philippine Sea.

3.
SARS virus
SARS virus is an infectious agent belonging to the virus family Coronaviridae, which
causes severe respiratory illnesses in humans and animals. SARS (severe acute respiratory
syndrome) coronavirus (CoV) is a novel member of this family that causes acute respiratory
distress syndrome (ARDS), which is associated with high mortality rates.

4.
In a criminal trial, the prosecuting attorney presents evidence and witness testimony to
try to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant committed the crime. The defendant’s
attorney may present evidence and witnesses to show that the defendant did not commit the crime
or to create a reasonable doubt as to the defendant’s guilt. The defendant is considered innocent
of the crime charged until proven guilty.

When the prosecution has finished questioning a witness, the defense is allowed to cross-
examine the witness on any relevant matter. After cross-examination, the attorney who first called
the witness may ask the witness more questions to clarify something touched on in the cross-
examination. This is redirect examination. The judge may allow an opportunity for the opposing
attorney to re-cross examine. When the prosecution has called all the witnesses for its side of the
case and presented all its evidence, it rests its case.
5. Simplified curriculum, guidelines for distance learning now available online -
DepEd

The Department of Education (DepEd) on Monday said it has made the adjusted version of K to 12
curriculum and guidelines for distance learning available online.

In a statement, the DepEd said the K to 12 Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs)
and its guidelines can now be downloaded for free on DepEd Commons.
 “We have made the MELCs available for free download at DepEd Commons to help our teachers
focus on what is most essential given the challenge in learning delivery this school year,” DepEd
Undersecretary Alain Pascua said.

“We are trying to make everything as accessible as we can, through DepEd Commons and our
other available channels. It is upon us to make sure our teachers and learners have everything
they need in order to continue learning.”

These were prepared by the Bureau of Curriculum Development (BCD) under Director Jocelyn
Andaya and approved by Undersecretary for Curriculum and Instruction Diosdado San Antonio.

VIII. ASSIGNMENT

A. Watch the House hearing on Anti-Terrorism Bill / Anti-Terrorism Law:

Hearing of the Senate Committee on National Defense. Answer the questions that follow
and write them in your notebook.

Video Links
https://youtu.be/k-TYYenwOok
https://youtu.be/r0Y2E0tJKvw

a. How are the arguments presented?

b. What kind of language is used in the hearings?
c. How do people address one another in the hearings?