Volumetrics and Reserves

Volumetric Calculations
Deterministic Approach
 Volumetric Calculations

A hnet
NTG=
NTG, ø, Sw hgross
hgross
Boi

1. Gross bulk volume = A∗ hgross

2. Net bulk volume = A∗ hgross ∗ NTG
3. Pore volume = A∗ hgross ∗ NTG ∗ ø
4. Hydrocarbon pore volume = A∗ hgross ∗ NTG ∗ ø ∗ (1-Sw )
5. Hydrocarbons-in-place = A∗ hgross ∗ NTG ∗ ø ∗ (1-Sw )/ Boi
Reservoir Engineering
Volumetrics and Reserves 4.2.2
 Hydrocarbons-in-place Calculations
7,758 A ∗ hgross ∗ NTG ∗ φ ∗ (1 − S w )
Oil - in - place (STB) =
Boi
Field Units where :
A = Area (Acres)
hgross = Gross thickness (ft)
Boi = Oil Volume Factor (RB/STB)

43,560 A ∗ hgross ∗ NTG ∗ φ ∗ (1 − S w )

Gas - in - place (scf) =
Bgi
where :
A = Area (Acres)
hgross = Gross thickness (ft)
Bgi = Gas Volume Factor (rcf/scf)
Reservoir Engineering
Volumetrics and Reserves 4.2.3
Volume Calculated Using a Grid Overlay
ƒ Map of thickness of
hydrocarbon zone
0 ft ƒ Superimpose grid system
15 10 ft ƒ For each grid cell, record
20 ft 8 thickness, hn
8 19 ƒ Calculate grid cell bulk
9 volume:
Vbn = An ∗ hn
ƒ Sum for all grid cells in
reservoir
grid
Vbulk = ∑ Ai ∗ hi
i =1

Reservoir Engineering
Volumetrics and Reserves 4.2.4
Volume Calculated from Contour Areas
ƒ Map of thickness of hydrocarbon
zone
0 ft
ƒ Calculate (planimeter) area
enclosed by each contour
10 ft
(A0, A10, A20)
20 ft ƒ Pyramidal formula for bulk volume
between contours, i → i+1
⎛ Δh ⎞
(
ΔVbi = ⎜ ⎟ Ai + Ai +1 + Ai Ai +1 )
⎝ 3 ⎠
(where Δh = contour interval )
ƒ Total bulk volume
contours +1
Vbulk = ∑i =1
ΔVbi

Reservoir Engineering
Volumetrics and Reserves 4.2.5
 Other Volume Calculations
Mapped Quantity Using
Volume Well Contour

1. Gross bulk volume hgross

2. Net bulk volume hgross ∗ NTG
3. Pore volume hgross ∗ NTG ∗ φ
4. Hydrocarbon pore volume hgross ∗ NTG ∗ φ ∗ (1-Sw )
5. Hydrocarbons-in-place hgross ∗ NTG ∗ φ ∗ (1-Sw )/Boi

Reservoir Engineering
Volumetrics and Reserves 4.2.6
 Hydrocarbon Volume vs. Depth

ƒ Volumetric calculation that describes the

hydrocarbon volume distribution vs. depth in
the reservoir
ƒ Used when reservoir will be (is) impacted by
encroachment of water or gas

Reservoir Engineering
Volumetrics and Reserves 4.2.7
 Hydrocarbon Volume vs. Depth

ƒ Natural water encroachment

• Aquifer influx
• Gas cap expansion

ƒ Artificial injection
• Downdip water injection
• Gas injection at crest of structure

Reservoir Engineering
Volumetrics and Reserves 4.2.8
 Hydrocarbon Volume vs. Depth

Assume: Encroachment into the reservoir

occurs as a level plane (ie, contacts move
uniformly)

ƒ May not always be valid for the entire

reservoir, but may be applicable for specific
segments of the reservoir (eg, fault block)

Reservoir Engineering
Volumetrics and Reserves 4.2.9
 Bulk Volume by Depth Increment

ƒ Top of structure map

ƒ Bottom of structure map (when not underlain
by water)
ƒ Contours define enclosed areas, Ai and
contour interval, h
ƒ Pyramidal Formula for each depth
increment

Δ Vb = (h/3) * [Ai + Ai+1 + (Ai*Ai+1)^0.5]

Reservoir Engineering
Volumetrics and Reserves 4.2.10
 Include Porosity and Saturation Values

ƒ Bulk Volume, Porosity, Water Saturation

Versus Depth Relations
ƒ Multiply for Hydrocarbon Pore Volume (HPV)
Versus Depth Relation
ƒ Cumulative HPV Versus Depth from
Water-Oil-Contact (WOC), Gas-Oil-Contact,
or Gas-Water-Contact (GWC) Elevations

Reservoir Engineering
Volumetrics and Reserves 4.2.11
 Hydrocarbon Pore Volume Versus Depth

West Texas Oil Field

6300

6400

6500
Depth (Feet Subsea)

6600

6700

6800

6900

7000

7100
Original Oil-Water-Contact
7200

7300
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000
Hydrocarbon Pore Volume (MMRB)

Reservoir Engineering
Volumetrics and Reserves 4.2.12
 Hydrocarbon Volume vs. Depth

Applications

ƒ Predict when wells will cut excessive water

or gas

ƒ Determine reservoir volume invaded given a

known fluid contact

ƒ Calculate recovery efficiency

Reservoir Engineering
Volumetrics and Reserves 4.2.13
 Hydrocarbon Pore Volume Versus Depth

West Texas Oil Field

6300

6400

6500
Depth (Feet Subsea)

6600

6700

6800

6900

7000 WOC at 4 years

7100
Original Oil-Water-Contact
7200

7300
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000
Hydrocarbon Pore Volume (MMRB)

Reservoir Engineering
Volumetrics and Reserves 4.2.14
 Reservoir Recovery Efficiency

Given

ƒ Volume of fluid encroached or injected

(We, Winj, Ginj, etc. – from material balance)

ƒ Position of fluid contact (from observations)

Volume Of Fluid Encroached

ER =
Hydrocarbon Volume Invaded

Reservoir Engineering
Volumetrics and Reserves 4.2.15