A

Physic’s Project
report
On
Banking of Road
 Acknowledgement

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude

to my Physic’s teacher "Ms. Sunaina " for their able
guidance and support in completing my Project.
I would also like to extend my gratitude to the
Principal Mam "Ms. Vinny Malhotra" and Vice
Principal Sir "Mr. Ashish Jain " for providing me
with all the facility that was required.
DATE Himanshu Sundriyal

28/10/2020 11th ‘A’

 Certificate
This is to certify that "Himanshu Sundriyal"
student of class - 11th 'A' has successfully
completed their Physcis Project on "banking of
road" under the guidance of "Ms. Sunaina

_____________ _____________________
Ms. Sunaina Himanshu sundriyal

Index
What is banking of road
Angle of banking
Bibliography

What is banking of Roads?

Banking of roads is defined as the phenomenon in which the edges
are raised for the curved roads above the inner edge to provide the
necessary centripetal force to the vehicles so that they take a safe
turn.

When a vehicle tends to make a turn along a curved road, there is a

probability of it to skid. For making a safe turn, the vehicle
requires a centripetal force. Banking of a road is done to provide
that centripetal force. During a "banked" or inclined turn, the
chances of skidding reduce. A turn is made inclined with the
horizontal such that the outer edge is lifted up. For a particular
angle of inclination, the maximum allowed speed of a vehicle is
restricted. This maximum speed is independent of the mass of the
vehicle. It depends on the banking angle, the coefficient of friction,
and the radius of curvature.

Now, let us recall, what is centripetal force? It is the force that

pulls or pushes an object toward the center of a circle as it travels,
causing angular or circular motion. In the next few sections, let us
discuss the angle of banking and the terminologies used in the
banking of roads.

Another terminology used is banked turn which is defined as the

turn or change of direction in which the vehicle inclines towards
inside. The angle at which the vehicle is inclined is defined as the
bank angle. The inclination happens at the longitudinal and
horizontal axis.
Angle of Banking

Consider a vehicle of mass ‘m’ with moving speed ‘v’ on the

banked road with radius ‘r’. Let ϴ be the angle of banking, with
frictional force f acting between the road and the tyres of the
vehicle.
Total upwards force = Total downward force

NcosΘ=mg+fsinΘ

Where,

NcosΘ : one of the components of normal reaction along the

verticle axis

mg: weight of the vehicle acting vertically downward

fsinΘ : one of the components of frictional force along the

verticle axis
Therefore, mg=NcosΘ−fsinΘ (eq.1)

mv2r=NsinΘ+fcosΘ (eq.2)

Where,

NsinΘ : one of the components of normal reaction along the

horizontal axis
fcosΘ : one of the components of frictional force along the
horizontal axis
mv2rmg=NsinΘ+fcosΘNcosΘ−fsinΘ (after diving eq.1 and
eq.2)

Therefore, v2rg=NsinΘ+fcosΘNcosΘ−fsinΘ

Frictional force f=μsN

v2rg=NsinΘ+μsNcosΘNcosΘ−μsNsinΘ
v2rg=N(sinΘ+μscosΘ)N(cosΘ−μssinΘ) v2rg=(sinΘ+μscosΘ)
(cosΘ−μssinΘ) v2rg=(tanΘ+μs)(1−μstanΘ)

Therefore, v=rg(tanΘ+μs)(1−μstanΘ)−−−−−−−−√
vmax=rgtanΘ−−−−−−√ tanΘ=v2rg Θ=tan−1v2rg

Bibliography
Byjus.com
Toppr.com
Vedantu.com
Physicswallah.com