This part serves as your pre-test which will determine your background knowledge about

the lesson that we are going to discuss. Directions: Identify if the statement is true or false.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
______________ 1. An expanded definition is an explanation and/or illustration of a word,
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
thing, or concept.
Region III ______________ 2. An expanded definition explains the word's etymology or historical
SCHOOL DIVISION OF NUEVA ECIJA roots. ______________ 3. An expanded definition describes sensory characteristics of
NUEVA ECIJA HIGH SCHOOL something
Burgos Avenue, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija
(how it looks, feels, sounds, tastes, smells).
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET IN ENGLISH 10 ______________ 4. An expanded definition indicates how something is used.
QUARTER 4 MODULE 3 ______________ 5. An expanded definition explains what a word is not, provides an
example of it, and/or notes similarities or differences between this term and other word or
Name of Learner: ________________________________Date: __________________________
Grade Level: __________________________________Section: __________________________ things.
______________ 6. More often than not, an expanded definition persuades.
______________7. An expanded definition can also serve a persuasive purpose.2
Giving Expanded Definitions of Words ______________ 8. An expanded definition provides the etymology of a word.
This module was designed for you, dear learners, to provide engaging and self-directed ______________ 9. When you write reports, you may often discover that you need to
explain
activities that will develop your knowledge and skills to give expanded definitions
certain basics before you can discuss the main subject matter.
(EN10VIIIa-13.9). In reporting, you need to discuss more than just the dictionary meaning of
______________ 10. An expanded definition attempts to explain a complex term.
words. For a concept to be understood better, you need to explain more about an idea by
giving expanded definitions.

Objectives: Lesson 1 Giving Expanded Definitions of Words

After going through this lesson, you are expected to:
1. give the importance of forming the expanded definitions of words;
2. determine the different techniques of expanded definitions; and,
3. use a variety of techniques in expanding definitions.
An expanded definition is an important writing tool you will need if you are writing for a
person who is not an expert or specialist in a particular subject. An expanded definition
explains a complex or unfamiliar term to make it easier to understand which is important to
effective communication.

1 What’s New
Directions: Find the origin (etymology) of the following words using your dictionary.
1. method - _________________________________
2. correlation - _________________________________
What I Know
2
3. frequency - _________________________________
4. quantitative - _________________________________
5. qualitative - _________________________________
What Is It
Expanded Definition An expanded definition defines and explains a single term, concept,
or object, pins down the meaning of a specific word, or defines an abstract concept, and
goes deeper than a simple dictionary definition.
Techniques in Expanding Definition
1. Etymology explains the origin of the word itself. Example: Using the example term
“arbitration”: Arbitration comes from the Latin judicium which means “judgment”.
2. History discusses the history of the term, its use, and controversies associated with it.
Example: The use of arbitration as third-party mediation dates from the 1630s.
3. Cause and Effect discusses how the situation came about and what effects it may have.
Example: An arbitration clause is considered to be ambiguous when the parties do not
express clearly, that in case of conflict, the method to use to settle the disagreements will be
arbitration. Hence, parties are compelled to refrain from signing confusing agreements to
arbitrate, because the general rule is that arbitration is prompted out of the contract, and if
there is not an explicit arbitration clause within the contract it would not be an agreement
to arbitrate.
4. Description lists and defines the term. Example: Arbitration is the process of solving an
argument between people by helping them to agree to an acceptable solution. It is the
formal process of having an outside person, chosen by both sides to a disagreement to end
the disagreement.
5. Principles of Operation discusses how something functions, including any special
materials or conditions required. Example: Arbitration is conducted by a trained arbiter who
sets down the rules that the parties must abide by. The object of arbitration is to obtain a
fair resolution of disputes by an impartial third party without unnecessary expense or delay.
Parties should be free to agree on how their disputes are resolved, subject only to such
safeguards as are
3
necessary for the public interest. Courts should not interfere.
6. Classification shows how the topic fits into a larger category. Example: Arbitration is one
of the alternatives to going into a formal court to settle disputes.
7. Contrast shows how the topic differs from others in the same class. Example: In an
arbitration proceeding, no lawyers are present. The main difference between arbitration
and litigation law is that the court is involved in the case of litigation, as it is a lawsuit,
whereas, in arbitration, a settlement between the parties is done outside of court.
8. Comparison shows how the topic is similar to others in the class. Example: As with
lawsuits or other court proceedings, the decision in an arbitration proceeding is legally
binding on the parties.
9. Analogy explains and compares two dissimilar topics, where the second is familiar to the
audience. Example: An arbiter is like a referee–he or she listens to both sides and decides as
to who is at fault, without the intervention of outside parties.
10.Examples represent other things because they have all the main qualities or
characteristics that the thing they represent also have. Examples: Arbitration was used to
settle the dispute between the labor union and management. Two people who are divorcing
cannot agree on terms and allow a third party to come in to help them negotiate.
11.Illustrations are pictures in a book, magazine, etc. or the process of illustrating
something.
Example:
Activity 1
Directions: Identify what technique in expanding definition is being described in the
following statements. Choose your answers from the boxes and write them on a separate
sheet of paper.
For items 1-5:
A. Analogy B. Cause and Effect C. Contrast
D. Description E. Etymology F. History
______1. This technique uses similes or metaphors to explain a thing as being like
something else.
______2. It states about the language roots of a word. 5

4
______3. It compares a term to a term that has a different meaning.
______4. It discusses the history of the term, its use, and controversies associated with it. Evaluation
______5. It discusses how the situation came about and what effects it may have. Directions: Answer the questions honestly by choosing the correct letter. Write your answer
For items 6-10: on a separate sheet of paper.
A. Analogy B. Classification C. Description 1. What technique in expanding definitions shows how the topic fits into a larger category?
A. Analogy B. Classification C. Comparison D. Examples
D. Example E. Illustration F. Principles of Operation 2. What technique in expanding definitions is the process of listing and defining the parts?
_________6. It lists and defines the parts. A. Cause and Effect B. Classification C. Comparison D. Description
_________7. It discusses how the topic functions, including any special materials or 3. What technique in expanding definitions explains the origin of the word itself? A. Analogy
conditions required. B. Comparison C. Etymology D. History
________8. It shows how the topic fits into a larger category. 4. What technique in expanding definitions explains by comparing two dissimilar topics,
________9. It is something used to represent other things because it has all the main where the second is familiar to the audience? A. Analogy B. Conclusion C. Example D.
qualities or characteristics that they also have. Illustration
_______10. It is a picture in a book, magazine, etc. or the process of illustrating something. 5. What technique in expanding definitions shows how the topic differs from others in the
same class? A. Analogy B. Classification C. Comparison D. Contrast
What I Have Learned 6. What technique in expanding definitions discusses how the situation came about and
what effects it may have? A. Analogy B. Cause and Effect C. Classification D. Description
Activity 2 7. What technique in expanding definitions discusses the history of the term, its use, and
Directions: Use five techniques in expanding definitions to explain the term “research”. controversies associated with it? A. Analogy B. Cause and Effect C. Classification D.History
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. 8. What technique in expanding definitions discusses how the term functions, including any
RESEARCH special materials or conditions required? A. Analogy B. Classification C. Comparison D.
Technique in Expanding Definition My Answer Principles of Operation
Example: Etymology The word research is derived from the 9. What technique in expanding definitions is shown in this sentence: Journal comes from
Middle French "recherche", which means the Late Latin diurnalis meaning "daily."? A. Analogy B. Classification C. Comparison D.
"to go about seeking." Etymology 10. What technique in expanding definitions is shown in this sentence:
1 Arbitration is one of the alternatives in going into a formal court to settle disputes? A.
2 Analogy B. Classification C. Comparison D. Etymology
3
6
4
5
 What I Know
This part serves as your pre-test which will determine your background and prior knowledge
about the lesson that we are going to tackle. Directions: Fill in the blanks in each statement
by choosing the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
Republic of the Philippines 1. Research is the systematic investigation ______ studies materials and sources to establish
Department of Education facts and reach new conclusions.
Region III
SCHOOL DIVISION OF NUEVA ECIJA A. who B. that C. which D. what
NUEVA ECIJA HIGH SCHOOL 2. Hypothesis is a statement ______ a research sets out to prove or disprove.
Burgos Avenue, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija A. who B. which C. whoever D. that
3. A questionnaire is a research instrument ______ consists of a set of questions.
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET IN ENGLISH 10
QUARTER 4 MODULE 4
A. that B. which C. whoever D. whichever
4. Respondents are those individuals ______ have been invited to participate in a particular
Name of Learner: ________________________________________Date: __________________________ study and have taken part in the study.
Grade Level: ___________________________________________Section: __________________________ A. who B. which C. whose D. that
5. A citation is a reference of sources _______ you consulted and obtained information from
Observing Correct Grammar in Making Definitions while writing your research paper.
A. that B. which C. whoever D. whichever
6. An opinion is a belief or judgment ______ falls short of absolute conviction, certainty, or
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It will guide you to observe correct
positive knowledge.
grammar in writing your definition (EN10G-IIa-29). The scope of this module permits it to be
A. who B. that C. whose D. what
used in many different learning situations especially in the new normal education. Further,
7. A literature review is a comprehensive study and interpretation of literature _______
the language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of student and lessons are
addresses a specific topic.
arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.
A. who B. which C. whose D. what
8. Applied Research refers to the study ________ helps solve practical problems using
Objectives: scientific methods.
After going through this lesson, you are expected to: A. who B. that C. whose D. what
1. identify parts of a definition; 9. Qualitative research is a process _________ focuses on inquiry.
2. determine sentence patterns used in writing definitions; A. who B. that C. whose D. what
3. spot incorrect grammar in definitions; 10.Case study is a research method ____ focuses on the circumstances, dynamics and
4. write definitions using the given sentence patterns. complexity of a single case, or a small number of cases.
1 A. who B. which C. whoever D. whichever
 2 Quantitative Research: ____________________________________________
3

Lesson 4 Making Definitions

Directions: Study the definitions in column A to identify the parts of a definition in Column B,
Previously, you have learned that definition is a statement of the meaning of a word or word C, D. Refer to the given example to do this. Use a separate sheet of paper for this activity.
group or a sign or a symbol. However, in technical writing, we use definitions to explain the Definition Term General Class Differentiating
meaning of the word as it relates to the subject being discussed. The goal of making or Characteristics
writing definitions is to solve problems and confusions among the readers. Providing Example: Research is the systematic Research systematic study materials and
definitions will enable you, as the writer; and your readers to have a unified understanding investigation that study materials and investigation sources in order to
of a term. Other than knowing your audience, knowing how to be thorough in providing sources in order to establish facts and establish facts and
description and details will help you make useful definitions. Knowing the parts of a reach new conclusions. reach new
definition and correct usage of words will help you write descriptions for your definitions conclusions.
easily. This lesson will help you in observing correct grammar in writing helpful definitions. 1. Fact refers to the information
that has been objectively verified.
What’s In 2. An abstract is a summary of a
study that describes its most
Directions: Read the selection below. Then, find the definitions of the given words in the
important aspects, including major
selection. Use a separate sheet of paper to do this.
results and conclusions.
Selection: Research is defined as a careful consideration of a study regarding a particular
3. Anonymity refers to a research
concern or problem using scientific methods. According to the American sociologist Earl
condition which no one, including
Robert Babbie, “research is a systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict, and control
the researcher, knows the identities
the observed phenomenon. It involves inductive and deductive research methods.”
of research participants.
Inductive research refers to the methods that analyze an observed event, while deductive
4. Comparability pertains to the
research refers to methods that verify the observed event. Inductive approaches are
quality of two or more objects that
associated with qualitative research. It is a method that collects data using conversational
can be evaluated for their similarity
methods, usually open-ended questions. On the other hand, deductive methods are more
and differences.
commonly associated with quantitative research, which methods deal with numbers and
measurable forms. It is defined as a systematic way of investigating events or data. 5. Conclusion is a brief summary
that tells how the results of an
Research:
experiment support or contradict a
Definition 1:____________________________________________
hypothesis.
Definition 2:____________________________________________
Inductive Research: _______________________________________________
Deductive Research: ______________________________________________ The examples below show the parts of a definition.
Qualitative Research: _____________________________________________ Pattern#1
Fact refers to the information that has been objectively verified.
 Term Class Differentiating Characteristics And when a phrase comes between the subject and the verb, remember that the verb still
4 5

And it can also be written as: agrees with the subject, not the noun in the phrase following the subject of the sentence.
Pattern #2 This may occur when you use Pattern #2 in writing your definitions. Look at the examples
The information that has been objectively verified is called a fact. below.
Class Differentiating Characteristics Term 1. A brief statement of essential information contained within a document or
(Subject) (Class) presentation is called an abstract
(Verb) (Art.) (Defined Term)
Parts of a Definition:
2. In qualitative research, a sample considered to be enlightening because it is
A. Term refers to the word or phrase that is being defined. It may be introduced by articles
(Subject) (Class) unusual is called critical sample.
“the”, “an” and “a”. Written together with the term is the general class to make an
(Verb) (Defined Term)
independent clause.
B. Class or General Class A general class refers to the class where the term belongs.
When writing your definition, it is necessary to include the general class to which it
If you use Pattern#1 in writing a definition, the term is the subject of your sentence and the
belongs, if there is any. Through this method, your readers will a have specific idea of
verb to be used should agree with it. Here are the verbs or verb conjugation that you can
the term being defined. Examples:
use when writing a definition.
1. Statistics is a form of mathematical analysis that uses quantified models.
is/ are refer/ refers denote/ denotes describe/ describes is/ are
(Term) (Class)
defined as pertain/ pertains to
3. Dependent Variable is a variable that varies due to the impact of the
When writing your definitions, make sure that the verb you will use agrees with the subject
(Term) (Class) independent variable.
of your statement. Remember, a singular subject should take a singular verb. A plural
C. Differentiating Characteristics To introduce your differentiating characteristics, you
subject should take a plural verb. Read the following examples:
should use relative pronouns and a dependent clause. Look at the examples below:
1. An abstract is a brief statement of essential information contained within
Relative pronoun dependent clause
(Art.) (Term) (Verb) a document or presentation.
1. Statistics is a form of mathematical analysis that uses quantified models.
2. Research questions are questions that you include in the body of your work.
(Term) (Class) (Differentiating Characteristics)
(Term) (Verb)
2. Research questions are questions that you include in the body of your work.
3. An in-text citation refers to a brief form of reference that you include in
(Term) (Class) (Differentiating Characteristics)
(Art.) (Term) (Verb) in the body of your work
LANGUAGE FOCUS: DEFINING RELATIVE PRONOUN
In writing your distinguishing characteristics, it is important to use defining relative
REMEMBER:
pronouns. These relative pronouns will help you in the transition from the independent
Be careful with terms that end with “s” but are singular in form like the example below:
clause (term and class) to the subordinate clause/ defining relative clause (distinguishing
Statistics is a form of mathematical analysis that uses quantified models.
characteristics). Below is a list of defining relative pronouns that you can use.
And words that are plural in form but do not end with “s” like the example below:
who that which whose whom
Data are characteristics or information, that are collected through observation.
 Defining relative clauses give essential information about someone or something – 1. Authority refers to power ______ is attached to a position that others perceived as
information that we need in order to understand what or who is being referred to. A legitimate.
defining relative clause usually comes immediately after the noun it describes. 7
6
2. Ideology are shared ideas or beliefs ______ serve to justify and support the interests
Look at the examples below, the relative pronoun is in bold face, and the person or of a particular group or organization.
thing being referred to is boxed: 3. Civil disorders are social conflict (such as riots) ______ the government becomes
Noun being defining relative involved in to restore public order.
Referred to pronoun dependent clause 4. Deviance refers to behaviors _____ do not conform to significant norms held by
1. Respondents are those individuals who have been invited to participate in a most of the members of a group or society.
particular study. 5. Legitimation refers to the ways in ______ an institution create acceptance, validity,
THAT vs WHICH or commitment from individuals and other institutions.
Use “that” to introduce a clause that gives information essential to the meaning of 6. Ascribed status refers to a social position ______ is given at birth such as race or sex.
the sentence. Look at the example below: 7. Kinship refers to the network of social relationships ______ link individuals through
Noun being defining relative common ancestry, marriage, or adoption.
Refereed to pronoun dependent clause 8. Crime is any action _______ violates criminal laws established by political authority.
1. Applied Research refers to the study that helps solve practical problems using 9. Conformity refers to the human behavior ______ follows the established norms of a
scientific methods. group or society.
10.Ego refers to Freud's posited part of the self ______ represents reason and common
The example used “that” as a relative pronoun since the dependent clause gives sense
more explanation on what kind of study is an applied research- and the clause cannot Activity B Directions: Arrange the following words below to form a grammatically
be eliminated. On the other hand, “which” is used to introduce a clause that can be correct definition for the term has a color read. Write your answers on a separate
eliminated. The clause introduced by “which” does not limit the meaning of the sheet of paper.
sentence. It might lose interesting details when removed, but the meaning of the
sentence would not change. Look at the example below. 1. VARIABLE – that refers you anything to are measure to trying
Noun being referred to: defining relative pronon 2. QUANTITATIVE REESEARCH – on is strategy and collection focusses
1. Theoretical framework is the concept underpinning of a research study qualifying the data of a analysis that
which may 3. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH – in methodology people of behavior
Dependent clause setting controlled the use that examine
be based on theory or a specific conceptual model. 4. VALIDITY – the test is the what it measures to supposed which
Activity A: Social Science Terms Directions: Use that or which to complete each
measure to degree
statement that will make it a correct grammar definition. Use a separate sheet
of paper to do this activity grammar definition. Use a separate sheet of paper to do this
activity. 8