PED 701 – Pedagogical Theory and Practice

Submitted by: Submitted to:

EILEEN N. CUNANAN DR. MERRY RUTH M. GUTIERREZ

TOPIC 1: Reading 2

Reading Guide
1. Take note of key terms used in the article (schemas, flexibility, active co-construction of learning,
cooperative learning).
2. Fill in the matrix to show how constructivist approach differs from instructivist approach.
Illustrate how each is observed by giving sample classroom practices. Be ready to do a role play
of the classroom practices you listed.

Constructivist approach Sample classroom Instructivist approach Sample classroom

practice
1.Knowledge is The students experience
constructed. activities that will help
them stimulate their
critical thinking,
creativity, higher order
thinking skills, decision
making skills that are
very useful in
understanding their
current life situation in
the EsP subject.
2.Through experience, Students experience
students construct their various situations in ESP
understanding and through debates, moral
knowledge of the world. dilemma, role playing and
spoken poetry.
3.The role of the teacher For Values Education
is to model. (EsP), must have the
skills and knowledge that
will equip learners with
lifelong learning, teachers
must be able to model the
different skills and values
that are useful to real-life
situations.
4. The role of the teacher The teacher provides
is to coach. feedback based on
students’ performance
and provides assistance to
students if necessary.
5. The role of the teacher Teacher provides
is to scaffold. diagnostic test to look
into the prior knowledge
of the students, then work
on her lesson based on the
results.
practice
1. Knowledge is shared Teacher does talk-and-
by the teacher. chalk discussion in the
classroom.
2. Through the shared Students listen to the
information the students discussion and answer
construct their knowledge when being asked.
about the world.
4. The role of the teacher Teacher discusses the
is to feed the students concept and importance
with information through of family through lecture.
lectures.
5. The role of the teacher The teacher gives a quiz
is to assess and evaluate after the lesson and see if
students, then provide the students understood
grades based on students’ the lesson.
academic performances.
6. Teacher imposes her If most of the students did
knowledge to the not understand the lesson,
students. she tries to explain the
lesson more, but can
proceed with the next
topic if most of the
students got the quiz.
 6. The teacher assists
students as they create
their learning journey.
7. Students play an active
role in and take
responsibility for their
learning.
Teacher is always ready 7. Teacher creates the The teacher executes the
to answer students’ learning journey by lesson by following her
question regarding the planning the lesson well lesson plan and making
lesson. and deciding the content sure to discuss the
of the lesson. content.
Students engage in 8. Students are passive Students are passive
activities that focused learners, who merely learners. They just sit
around writing, talking, accepts what is being fed inside the classroom,
problem solving, or to them. listen to the teacher,
reflecting. They answer when being asked
participate in lesson, ask and answer quizzes and
questions, make their seatworks.
outputs, do performances
and write reflections.

3. Consider the sample article given as the text that you will use for your lesson. Read it carefully
and plan learning tasks/activities that illustrate the given principles on constructivism. Fill in the
matrix for your answers.

Selection 1
Music Can Heal Mental Wounds but Only in the Right Hands By Eva Dorothee Schmid
Human beings have known about the healing properties of music since Biblical times – according to the Old
Testament for example. David soothed King Saul’s aching brow by reaching for his harp.
There are also many references to the healing potential of music in texts left behind by the ancient Greeks.
The same properties are not put to good use in the modern field of music therapy. Music therapy is
psychotherapeutic procedure which does not compete with traditional medicine but rather tries to complement it.
Music arouses emotion, soothes, comforts and can lead to changes in behavior. It can also encourage the healing
process, increase a person’s ability to tolerate pain and help them overcome their fears.
All of this can result in changes in the body’s chemistry. Studies show that the right sort of music causes the body to
release an increased amount of so-called endorphins with the results that the person becomes less sensitive to pain
and feels much better.

A. Preliminary Information
Selection Chosen: Selection 1- Music Can Heal Mental Wounds but Only in the Right Hands
By Eva Dorothee Schmid
Target Grade Level: Grade 8
Subject: Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao 8
Learning objective/s: Naisasagawa ng mag-aaral ang mga angkop na kilos upang
mapamahalaanan ang kanyang emosyon. The student will be able to make appropriate actions to
manage his emotions.
Time Allotment:1 hour

B. Learning tasks illustrating constructivist principles

Constructivist principle My Plan My Instructions to Class
1.Pose genuine questions that Ask relevant questions Have you ever had an
are or will be relevant to regarding the topic being experience of having
students. carried out. wounds? Whether physically
or emotionally? Write in your

2.Structure learning around
essential concepts in the
curriculum.
3.Be aware that students’
points of view are windows
into their reasoning.
4.Adapt the curriculum to
match your students’ current
schema and developmental
abilities.
5.Assess student learning in
the context of your teaching.
Follow the most essential
learning competency.
Point the importance of being
good listeners and encourage
them not to judge their peers
based on their personal
experience.
Emphasize the importance of
managing their emotions.
Ask the students to write a
reflection in their journal,
following the basic steps in
writing an essay. Rubrics will
be provided as standard of
rating the output.
notebook an instance where
you have experience having
physical or emotional
wounds.
What did you feel about these
wounds? Where you able to
control these emotions?
Let us do Think-pair-and-
share. Group yourselves into
two, and share what you have
written about the questions
that were mentioned earlier.
List down reasons why
managing emotions is very
essential for students at your
age.
Write a reflection on your
journal about your personal
experience of having physical
or emotional wounds and
how were you able to manage
your emotions about it.